The phylogenetic origin of Beckmannia remains unknown. The genus has been placed within the Chlorideae, Aveneae （Agrostideae）, Poeae, or treated as an isolate lineage, Beckmanniinae. In the present study, we used nu...The phylogenetic origin of Beckmannia remains unknown. The genus has been placed within the Chlorideae, Aveneae （Agrostideae）, Poeae, or treated as an isolate lineage, Beckmanniinae. In the present study, we used nuclear internal transcribed spacer （ITS） and chloroplast trnL-F sequences to examine the phylogenetic relationship between Beckmannia and those genera that have assumed to be related. On the basis of the results of our studies, the following conclusions could be drawn： （i） Beckmannia and Alopecurus are sister groups with high support; and （ii） Beckmannia and Alopecurus are nested in the Poeae clade with high support. The results of our analysis suggest that Beckmannia should be placed in Poeae.展开更多
Beckmannia syzigachne is a noxious weed for rice-wheat rotations in China.The B.syzigachne(AH-02)population evolved metabolic resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl.To investigate the function of GT7...Beckmannia syzigachne is a noxious weed for rice-wheat rotations in China.The B.syzigachne(AH-02)population evolved metabolic resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl.To investigate the function of GT73C1 in this population,the GT73C1 gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and the sequence was 100%consistent with the transcriptome data.Its phylogenetic tree was displayed and annotated using FigTree v1.4.4.The plant overexpression vector of GT73C1 gene was constructed and used to transform Brachypodium distachyon plants.Furthermore,the expression of GT73C1 was significantly induced by fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl,which was consistent with the findings from the whole plant bioassay.These results indicate that GT73C1 is closely related to the metabolic resistance of B.distachyon.展开更多
Dear Editor,American sloughgrass(Beckmannia syzigachne[Steud.]Fernald)(2n=14)(Amosova et al.,2019),a diploid species within the Poaceae family,exhibits both annual and perennial life cycles and is self-pollinating.It ...Dear Editor,American sloughgrass(Beckmannia syzigachne[Steud.]Fernald)(2n=14)(Amosova et al.,2019),a diploid species within the Poaceae family,exhibits both annual and perennial life cycles and is self-pollinating.It is widely distributed throughout Eastern Asia,Western Europe,and North America(https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30332-2),playing a crucial role in both natural ecosystems and agricultural settings.B.syzigachne is important for wetland restoration and erosion control but also poses significant challenges as a weed in agricultural systems,particularly in rice–wheat and rice–rapeseed double-cropping systems(Qu et al.,2021).Understanding the genetic elements underpinning B.syzigachne’s adaptation to diverse environments is crucial for studying traits like herbicide resistance and stress tolerance,which are key to enhancing agricultural efficiency and promoting sustainable cropping practices.However,the lack of a reference genome has impeded progress in this area.More broadly,the International Weed Genomics Consortium is advancing genomic tools to advance sustainable weed control and provide insights into stress tolerance,potentially benefiting crop breeding(Montgomery et al.,2024).展开更多
旨在明确助剂激健(主要成分为非离子表面活性剂、油酸甲酯、玉米胚芽油、油茶籽油等)对甲基二磺隆防除抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草是否具有增效作用,并探究其最佳增效剂量及机制。采用室内整株生物测定法筛选激健对甲基二磺隆防除抗精噁唑禾草...旨在明确助剂激健(主要成分为非离子表面活性剂、油酸甲酯、玉米胚芽油、油茶籽油等)对甲基二磺隆防除抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草是否具有增效作用,并探究其最佳增效剂量及机制。采用室内整株生物测定法筛选激健对甲基二磺隆防除抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草的最佳增效剂量,并通过测定激健对药液表面张力、接触角、扩展直径、最大持留量等物理指标的影响,以及对抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草乙酰乳酸合酶(ALS)活性的影响,来阐明其增效作用机制。结果表明,助剂激健和甲基二磺隆的最佳增效组合为甲基二磺隆12 g a.i./hm^2+激健0.05%(体积分数);激健能显著降低药液的表面张力及接触角,显著增加扩展直径及最大持留量;激健对抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草ALS活性无显著影响。由结果可以看出,助剂激健对甲基二磺隆防除抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草具有增效作用,主要是通过改变药液理化性质而发挥增效作用,而不是在生理生化水平上对甲基二磺隆的靶标酶活性产生影响。展开更多
2011年、2012年从河北省、河南省、安徽省、湖北省、江苏省、山东省、四川省7个省市采集65个菵草种群,喷施甲基二磺隆20 g a.i./hm2进行单剂量甄别抗性试验。结果表明:在上述选择压下,23个菵草种群能够存活;甲基二磺隆疑似抗性种群主要...2011年、2012年从河北省、河南省、安徽省、湖北省、江苏省、山东省、四川省7个省市采集65个菵草种群,喷施甲基二磺隆20 g a.i./hm2进行单剂量甄别抗性试验。结果表明:在上述选择压下,23个菵草种群能够存活;甲基二磺隆疑似抗性种群主要分布于安徽省、江苏省,而河北省、河南省、湖北省、山东省、四川省未发现疑似抗性种群;整株测定结果显示,WC11-17、WC12-10、WC12-25种群的抗性指数分别为9.12、40.59、12.91,表明部分种群对甲基二磺隆表现出较高抗性;菵草对甲基二磺隆的抗性有发展趋势,即同一地点翌年采集的种群较上年度采集的种群抗性程度有所增加。展开更多
为监测江苏省不同地区菵草种群对甲基二磺隆的敏感性,采用室内整株生测法测定不同菵草种群在叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶(rubisco)活性以及生物量积累方面对甲基二磺隆的响应。结果表明,甲基二磺隆影响...为监测江苏省不同地区菵草种群对甲基二磺隆的敏感性,采用室内整株生测法测定不同菵草种群在叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶(rubisco)活性以及生物量积累方面对甲基二磺隆的响应。结果表明,甲基二磺隆影响菵草rubisco活性、最大光化学效率等光合生理指标,但不同地区菵草种群对其的响应存在差异。其中,甲基二磺隆处理10 d后,江苏淮安地区菵草种群生理指标变化较大。在甲基二磺隆36.00 g a.i./hm^2剂量处理下,淮安地区菵草叶片rubisco活性较相应空白对照显著下降48.14%,在9.00~36.00 g a.i./hm^2剂量下,叶绿素含量显著下降26.43%~47.75%,最大光化学效率显著下降1.13%~2.13%。而江苏南京高淳地区菵草叶片rubisco活性与相应空白对照相比下降幅度明显较缓慢,在9.00~36.00 g a.i./hm^2剂量处理下,叶绿素含量显著下降15.37%~32.59%,最大光化学效率则无显著性变化。整株生物活性测定结果表明,甲基二磺隆处理21 d后,淮安地区菵草地上部鲜重ED90值最低,为32.745 a.i./hm^2,高淳地区菵草的ED90值最高,为69.116 g a.i./hm^2,远远超过甲基二磺隆的推荐剂量。可见,高淳菵草种群对甲基二磺隆敏感性明显低于其他地区菵草种群,生产中要密切注意其抗药水平的发展变化,及时调整化学防除策略。展开更多
基金supported b ythe National Natural Science Foundation of China(30270107)the Project Sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Doctors,Weifang Medical University
文摘The phylogenetic origin of Beckmannia remains unknown. The genus has been placed within the Chlorideae, Aveneae （Agrostideae）, Poeae, or treated as an isolate lineage, Beckmanniinae. In the present study, we used nuclear internal transcribed spacer （ITS） and chloroplast trnL-F sequences to examine the phylogenetic relationship between Beckmannia and those genera that have assumed to be related. On the basis of the results of our studies, the following conclusions could be drawn： （i） Beckmannia and Alopecurus are sister groups with high support; and （ii） Beckmannia and Alopecurus are nested in the Poeae clade with high support. The results of our analysis suggest that Beckmannia should be placed in Poeae.
基金Scientific Research Foundation for Ph.D.Programs of Zaozhuang University(21/1020708)Science and Technology Program of Zaozhuang(2020NS20)+1 种基金Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program(J18KA134)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2019PC011).
文摘Beckmannia syzigachne is a noxious weed for rice-wheat rotations in China.The B.syzigachne(AH-02)population evolved metabolic resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl.To investigate the function of GT73C1 in this population,the GT73C1 gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and the sequence was 100%consistent with the transcriptome data.Its phylogenetic tree was displayed and annotated using FigTree v1.4.4.The plant overexpression vector of GT73C1 gene was constructed and used to transform Brachypodium distachyon plants.Furthermore,the expression of GT73C1 was significantly induced by fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl,which was consistent with the findings from the whole plant bioassay.These results indicate that GT73C1 is closely related to the metabolic resistance of B.distachyon.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no.LR24C130001the Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province(2022C02032).
文摘Dear Editor,American sloughgrass(Beckmannia syzigachne[Steud.]Fernald)(2n=14)(Amosova et al.,2019),a diploid species within the Poaceae family,exhibits both annual and perennial life cycles and is self-pollinating.It is widely distributed throughout Eastern Asia,Western Europe,and North America(https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30332-2),playing a crucial role in both natural ecosystems and agricultural settings.B.syzigachne is important for wetland restoration and erosion control but also poses significant challenges as a weed in agricultural systems,particularly in rice–wheat and rice–rapeseed double-cropping systems(Qu et al.,2021).Understanding the genetic elements underpinning B.syzigachne’s adaptation to diverse environments is crucial for studying traits like herbicide resistance and stress tolerance,which are key to enhancing agricultural efficiency and promoting sustainable cropping practices.However,the lack of a reference genome has impeded progress in this area.More broadly,the International Weed Genomics Consortium is advancing genomic tools to advance sustainable weed control and provide insights into stress tolerance,potentially benefiting crop breeding(Montgomery et al.,2024).
文摘旨在明确助剂激健(主要成分为非离子表面活性剂、油酸甲酯、玉米胚芽油、油茶籽油等)对甲基二磺隆防除抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草是否具有增效作用,并探究其最佳增效剂量及机制。采用室内整株生物测定法筛选激健对甲基二磺隆防除抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草的最佳增效剂量,并通过测定激健对药液表面张力、接触角、扩展直径、最大持留量等物理指标的影响,以及对抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草乙酰乳酸合酶(ALS)活性的影响,来阐明其增效作用机制。结果表明,助剂激健和甲基二磺隆的最佳增效组合为甲基二磺隆12 g a.i./hm^2+激健0.05%(体积分数);激健能显著降低药液的表面张力及接触角,显著增加扩展直径及最大持留量;激健对抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草ALS活性无显著影响。由结果可以看出,助剂激健对甲基二磺隆防除抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草具有增效作用,主要是通过改变药液理化性质而发挥增效作用,而不是在生理生化水平上对甲基二磺隆的靶标酶活性产生影响。
文摘2011年、2012年从河北省、河南省、安徽省、湖北省、江苏省、山东省、四川省7个省市采集65个菵草种群,喷施甲基二磺隆20 g a.i./hm2进行单剂量甄别抗性试验。结果表明:在上述选择压下,23个菵草种群能够存活;甲基二磺隆疑似抗性种群主要分布于安徽省、江苏省,而河北省、河南省、湖北省、山东省、四川省未发现疑似抗性种群;整株测定结果显示,WC11-17、WC12-10、WC12-25种群的抗性指数分别为9.12、40.59、12.91,表明部分种群对甲基二磺隆表现出较高抗性;菵草对甲基二磺隆的抗性有发展趋势,即同一地点翌年采集的种群较上年度采集的种群抗性程度有所增加。
文摘为监测江苏省不同地区菵草种群对甲基二磺隆的敏感性,采用室内整株生测法测定不同菵草种群在叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶(rubisco)活性以及生物量积累方面对甲基二磺隆的响应。结果表明,甲基二磺隆影响菵草rubisco活性、最大光化学效率等光合生理指标,但不同地区菵草种群对其的响应存在差异。其中,甲基二磺隆处理10 d后,江苏淮安地区菵草种群生理指标变化较大。在甲基二磺隆36.00 g a.i./hm^2剂量处理下,淮安地区菵草叶片rubisco活性较相应空白对照显著下降48.14%,在9.00~36.00 g a.i./hm^2剂量下,叶绿素含量显著下降26.43%~47.75%,最大光化学效率显著下降1.13%~2.13%。而江苏南京高淳地区菵草叶片rubisco活性与相应空白对照相比下降幅度明显较缓慢,在9.00~36.00 g a.i./hm^2剂量处理下,叶绿素含量显著下降15.37%~32.59%,最大光化学效率则无显著性变化。整株生物活性测定结果表明,甲基二磺隆处理21 d后,淮安地区菵草地上部鲜重ED90值最低,为32.745 a.i./hm^2,高淳地区菵草的ED90值最高,为69.116 g a.i./hm^2,远远超过甲基二磺隆的推荐剂量。可见,高淳菵草种群对甲基二磺隆敏感性明显低于其他地区菵草种群,生产中要密切注意其抗药水平的发展变化,及时调整化学防除策略。
