This study presents a new non-parametric measure of heat waves called heat wave norm (HWN), which allows quantifying and qualifying the magnitude of the summer heat wave events in the Bechar region located northwest o...This study presents a new non-parametric measure of heat waves called heat wave norm (HWN), which allows quantifying and qualifying the magnitude of the summer heat wave events in the Bechar region located northwest of the Algerian Sahara over the period 1951-2010. The index, based on the analysis of daily maximum and minimum temperatures by adding them, integrated two dimensions at the same time: the duration and the excess heat. The results show an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme events. More specifically, from the 1980s, it is possible to observe the propagation of extreme and very extreme and super extreme heat waves in recent decades with maximum presence during the period 1990-2010. In general, it can be said that the trend of excessive warming is clearly displayed in the Algerian Sahara, generally classified as a hot region.展开更多
Evaluation is a natural activity that is not directly connected to teaching alone.It is a response to the emerging attitudes and understanding of others towards us.Evaluation has become an intrinsic part of the teachi...Evaluation is a natural activity that is not directly connected to teaching alone.It is a response to the emerging attitudes and understanding of others towards us.Evaluation has become an intrinsic part of the teaching/learning processes because it provides much information for management of the classroom practice,the planning of courses,and the handling of both the learning tasks and the students.Evaluation is a criterion to develop the level of proficiency of English language teaching(ELT).All the contributing items to the teaching/learning processes must be subjected to close scrutiny early.Therefore,evaluation as an overall system pilots the pool of items in education so as to arrive at a decision to what might be suitable or unsuitable for learners.This article is to explore the relationships between evaluation,innovation in the teaching/learning processes,as well as the evaluation areas of emphasis and some of the procedures that are used in ELT.The experience of the Algerian school is given as an example of necessity of evaluation to meet both the learners’needs and to respond to current requirements.展开更多
文摘This study presents a new non-parametric measure of heat waves called heat wave norm (HWN), which allows quantifying and qualifying the magnitude of the summer heat wave events in the Bechar region located northwest of the Algerian Sahara over the period 1951-2010. The index, based on the analysis of daily maximum and minimum temperatures by adding them, integrated two dimensions at the same time: the duration and the excess heat. The results show an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme events. More specifically, from the 1980s, it is possible to observe the propagation of extreme and very extreme and super extreme heat waves in recent decades with maximum presence during the period 1990-2010. In general, it can be said that the trend of excessive warming is clearly displayed in the Algerian Sahara, generally classified as a hot region.
文摘Evaluation is a natural activity that is not directly connected to teaching alone.It is a response to the emerging attitudes and understanding of others towards us.Evaluation has become an intrinsic part of the teaching/learning processes because it provides much information for management of the classroom practice,the planning of courses,and the handling of both the learning tasks and the students.Evaluation is a criterion to develop the level of proficiency of English language teaching(ELT).All the contributing items to the teaching/learning processes must be subjected to close scrutiny early.Therefore,evaluation as an overall system pilots the pool of items in education so as to arrive at a decision to what might be suitable or unsuitable for learners.This article is to explore the relationships between evaluation,innovation in the teaching/learning processes,as well as the evaluation areas of emphasis and some of the procedures that are used in ELT.The experience of the Algerian school is given as an example of necessity of evaluation to meet both the learners’needs and to respond to current requirements.
