孩子们喜欢故事,老师也喜欢故事,因此,通过故事的方式引导小学生学习英语已经成为当前一种有效的英语教学方式。《义务教育英语课程标准》(2011年版)在"语言技能"二级要求中就英语故事教学做出如下描述:"能听懂简单的配...孩子们喜欢故事,老师也喜欢故事,因此,通过故事的方式引导小学生学习英语已经成为当前一种有效的英语教学方式。《义务教育英语课程标准》(2011年版)在"语言技能"二级要求中就英语故事教学做出如下描述:"能听懂简单的配图小故事,能在教师的帮助下和图片的提示下描述或讲述简单的小故事,能正确朗读所学故事或短文,能在教师的帮助下表演小故事或小短剧。"为此,当前很多小学英语教材都在权重板块设置了"Story Time",旨在通过故事的方式引导学生开展富有趣味的英语学习活动。确实,故事教学给小学英语课堂带来了新的活力、新的气象,然而,当一些英语小故事被抹上过于浓重的"教学味"的时候,它们在学生眼中便失去了原有的魅力,所谓的"Story Time"也就或多或少地缺失了故事该有的滋味。因此,如何使故事教学更具有故事的味儿,也是我们当今面对的一个重要课题。多年来,钱希洁老师对此进行了深入的实践与探索,本文主要以她执教的译林出版社出版的《义务教育教科书·英语》(五年级上册)Unit 1 Story time板块中的故事"Goldilocks and the three bears"教学中的几个片段为例,阐述了她对小学英语故事教学的思考,旨在与广大同行朋友们探讨:如何使小学英语故事教学散发出更为浓郁的故事味。我们相信,这样的探讨对于其它学科的教学,也有一定的借鉴意义。展开更多
In the second quarter of 2018, the Chinese economy grew at 6.7 percent which is in line with expectations and marginally slower than the 6.8-percent growth recorded in the previous three quarters. Growth during the fi...In the second quarter of 2018, the Chinese economy grew at 6.7 percent which is in line with expectations and marginally slower than the 6.8-percent growth recorded in the previous three quarters. Growth during the first half this year also stands at 6.7 percent. Amidst the ongoing trade war with the United States, as of July 27, the renminbi （RMB） has fallen 8.2 percent against the dollar since April 2. Having fallen below 3,000 in June for the first time in two years.展开更多
The Johannesburg Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation held in South Africa in December 2015has raised the level of agricultural cooperation between China and African countries,as evidenced by the achievemen...The Johannesburg Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation held in South Africa in December 2015has raised the level of agricultural cooperation between China and African countries,as evidenced by the achievements made by Chinese agricultural missions working on the continent.展开更多
The need for the mitigation of brown bears has become so severe that many nomads have given up repairing their houses in Maryo Township’s Mendang Village(also named the First Administrative Village),a remote place lo...The need for the mitigation of brown bears has become so severe that many nomads have given up repairing their houses in Maryo Township’s Mendang Village(also named the First Administrative Village),a remote place located in the southwestern section of the Changtang National Nature Reserve(CNNR).Only part of the village belongs to Serling Tso Nature Reserve.展开更多
An expeditious method for ascertaining species between black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus G. cuiver) and brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus) was developed using tooth measurements from previously identified specimens. ...An expeditious method for ascertaining species between black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus G. cuiver) and brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus) was developed using tooth measurements from previously identified specimens. The measurement and analysis on 18 tooth measurement indexes (i.e. T1. Length of Pm1-Pm4, T2. L. of M1-M3, T3. M1L., T4. M1 width, T5. M2L., T6. M2W., T7.M3L., T8. M3W., T9. L. of C1 alveolus, T10. W. of C1 alveolus, T11. L. of C1-M2, T12. L. of Pm4 M2,T13.M1L., T14. M1W., T15. M2L., T16. M2W., T17.L. of C1 alveolus, T18. W. of C1 alveolus) of 59 skulls (black bears 25, brown bears 34) indicates that there are significant or the most significant difference between two species in every indexes, however T1, T9, T10, T17 and T18 are not suitable for species discriminator because of their high percent of overlap. The efficient species discriminators and standards (mm) are as follows T2(63.0), T3(22.0), T4(10.2), T5(23.8), T6(13.6), T7(18.0), T8(13.5), T11(110.0),T12(66.0), T13(20. 1), T14(15.8), T15(33.0) and T16(17.3). Those who are less than or equal to standard are classified to black bear, the others are brown bear. The method is very convenient and useful with high reliability. Their lowest accuracy percent are 95.0%, most of them over 97%. Different indexes will be chosen refer to the degree of specimen destroyed.展开更多
From 1991 to 1992, we observed behavior of 7 brown bears (5 females, 2 males) in mating season. Re-Sults showed tkat the oertrus of brown bears was mainly from May to July. The oeStrus ofmost individuals occwred at th...From 1991 to 1992, we observed behavior of 7 brown bears (5 females, 2 males) in mating season. Re-Sults showed tkat the oertrus of brown bears was mainly from May to July. The oeStrus ofmost individuals occwred at theend of May and the beginning of June. There were some differences in the oestrus among individuals. Average duration ofthe oestrus 30.8 days (16-50 days). The mating behavior was mainly observed during 8.00-9.00 a.m., and 15.00-16.00p.m.. Rest and sleep were the next behavior after mating for most bears, especially for male bears. All bears had poor appe-the. The Pattern and process of a successful mating was that a male bear approached a female, smelled the pudendum of thefemale, climbed on female hip, mated, parted and rested. Oestrus females approached males sometimes.展开更多
According to the principle of enzyme reaction rate, healthy pent black bears’ myocardial enzyme activity is assayed by visual colorimetry and compared with that of healthy human beings. The determination at 37 °...According to the principle of enzyme reaction rate, healthy pent black bears’ myocardial enzyme activity is assayed by visual colorimetry and compared with that of healthy human beings. The determination at 37 °C and the statistic analysis of the experimental data work out the following findings. For male black bears, the average CK activity is 163.20 U/L, the confidence interval of its expected value (127.70 to 198.70) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 39.2%; the average CK-MB activity 21.62 U/L, the confidential interval (17.72 to 25.51) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 34.26%; the average LDH activity 604.20 U/L, the confidence interval (524.56 to 683.83) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 23.80%; the average HBDH activity 516.70 U/L, the confidence interval (453.06 to 580.34) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 22.24%; the average GOT activity 69.70 U/L, the confidence interval (60.21 to 79.19) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 24.59%. For female black bears, the average CK activity is 145.50 U/L, the confidence interval (114.59 to 176.21) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 38.27%; the average CK-MB activity 18.84 U/L, the confidence interval (14.64 to 23.04) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 40.34%; the average LDH activity 563.70 U/L, the confidence interval (473.80 to 652.60) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 28.80%; the average of HBDH activity 475.50 U/L, the confidence interval (412.10 to 538.40) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 24.07%; the average of GOT activity is 62.37 U/L, the confidential interval (52.54 to 72.20) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 28.46%. The male black bear’s average myocardium enzyme activities are slightly higher than those of the female. But the statistical results indicate that the difference is not significant.展开更多
Populations of the European brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) differ substantially in size, degree of geographic isolation and level of genetic diversity. Present patterns result from phylogeographic processes and profound...Populations of the European brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) differ substantially in size, degree of geographic isolation and level of genetic diversity. Present patterns result from phylogeographic processes and profound human intervention. We assessed the genetic variability of a subpopulation of brown bears near the periphery of their range in the Western Carpathian Mountains and compared their genetic properties with those of bears in the core of the same population and elsewhere. Samples were collected non-invasively in 2007-2008 and2010 in Strázovské Vrchy Protected Landscape Area (PLA) in Slovakia (included in the NATURA 2000 networking programme). Seven polymorphic microsatellite loci (UaMU26, UaMU64, G10B, G1D, G10L, UaMU50 and UaMU51) were amplified using a nested PCR in order to assess the following parameters: variability, allelic combinations, heterozygosity, number of alleles and inbreeding coefficient. Sufficient brown bear DNA for analysis was obtained from 57 out of 140 samples (41%), among which 45 different genotypes were identified. Loci had a mean of 2.71 ± 0.76 alleles. Average observed heterozygosity was 0.59. The inbreeding coefficient was negative for all but one of the analysed loci (2007-2008). In the year 2010 was negative three of seven loci. These results imply that gene flow with other parts of the population has been maintained in the reduced level and the isolation level of bears in the study area was not so low. Nevertheless, the genetic variability of bears in Strázovské Vrchy PLA was lower than that reported from other localities in the Carpathian Mountains. The results are discussed in the context of behavioural ecology and conservation genetics.展开更多
To date,various micro/nanofabrication techniques have been developed during the global nanotechnology race,such as electron-beam lithography[1],photolithography[2],nanoimprint lithography[3],and 3D nanoprinting[4,5].B...To date,various micro/nanofabrication techniques have been developed during the global nanotechnology race,such as electron-beam lithography[1],photolithography[2],nanoimprint lithography[3],and 3D nanoprinting[4,5].Benefiting from these functional techniques,micro/nanoscale patterns can be easily generated onto a broad range of materials,including metals,semiconductors,ceramics,and polymers.However,a bold and even visionary question can be raised,is it possible to make patterns on living organisms rather than inanimate objects?Despite the emergence of numerous electronic devices for biological applications,directly processing biological samples remains a challenge due to the poor biocompatibility of many micro/nanofabrication methods[6].Researchers have attempted to prepare and transfer micro/nanopatterns onto cell surfaces[7],the structural integrity of these modifications can be compromised by the growth and development of cells during culture.Moreover,intact animal skin presents greater challenges for integration with metal patterns compared to cell surfaces.展开更多
Monocolumn composite bucket foundation is a new type of offshore wind energy foundation.Its bearing characteristics under shallow bedrock conditions and complex geological conditions have not been extensively studied....Monocolumn composite bucket foundation is a new type of offshore wind energy foundation.Its bearing characteristics under shallow bedrock conditions and complex geological conditions have not been extensively studied.Therefore,to analyze its bearing characteristics under complex conditions-such as silty soil,chalky soil,and shallow bedrock-this paper employs finite element software to establish various soil combination scenarios.The load-displacement curves of the foundations under these scenarios are calculated to subsequently evaluate the horizontal ultimate bearing capacity.This study investigates the effects of shallow bedrock depth,the type of soil above the bedrock,the thickness of layered soil,and the quality of layered soil on the bearing characteristics of the monocolumn composite bucket foundation.Based on the principle of single-variable control,the ultimate bearing capacity characteristics of the foundation under different conditions are compared.The distribution of soil pressure inside and outside the bucket wall on the compressed side of the foundation,along with the plastic strain of the soil at the base of the foundation,is also analyzed.In conclusion,shallow bedrock somewhat reduces foundation bearing capacity.Under shallow bedrock conditions,the degree of influence on foundation bearing capacity characteristics can considerably vary on different upper soils.The thickness of each soil layer and the depth to bedrock in stratified soils also affect the bearing capacity of the foundation.The findings of this paper provide a theoretical reference for related foundation design and construction.In practice,the bearing performance of the foundation can be enhanced by improvingthe soil quality in the bucket,adjusting the penetration depth,adjusting the percentage of different types of soil layers in the bucket,and applying other technical construction methods.展开更多
On February 8, 2006, a piece of sad news came out of the Moon Bear Rescue Center in Chengdu, capital city of southwest China's Sichuan Province. Andrew, the first moon bear rescued by the Animals Asia Foundation, ...On February 8, 2006, a piece of sad news came out of the Moon Bear Rescue Center in Chengdu, capital city of southwest China's Sichuan Province. Andrew, the first moon bear rescued by the Animals Asia Foundation, which sponsors the center, died of liver cancer, thought to have arisen from the massive infec-展开更多
Yahoo,我最喜欢浏览的网站,Oddly Enough是我最喜欢的专栏之一。这个栏目绝少有中国故事。不料,刚刚开学,就在Yahoo上读到北京大学生在动物园“作孽”的故事。“作孽”者往熊身上泼洒硫酸,后果严重,但他竟然解释:Iwanted to test whethe...Yahoo,我最喜欢浏览的网站,Oddly Enough是我最喜欢的专栏之一。这个栏目绝少有中国故事。不料,刚刚开学,就在Yahoo上读到北京大学生在动物园“作孽”的故事。“作孽”者往熊身上泼洒硫酸,后果严重,但他竟然解释:Iwanted to test whether or not they really are stupid。但是,I wanted to ask whetheror not he really is stupid！】展开更多
Even mildly hypothermic body or limb temperatures can retard healing processes in mammals.Despite this,we observed that hibernating American black bears(Ursus americanus Pallas,1780)elicit profound abilities in mounti...Even mildly hypothermic body or limb temperatures can retard healing processes in mammals.Despite this,we observed that hibernating American black bears(Ursus americanus Pallas,1780)elicit profound abilities in mounting inflammatory responses to infection and/or foreign bodies.In addition,they resolve injuries during hibernation while maintaining mildly hypothermic states(30–35°C)and without eating,drinking,urinating or defecating.We describe experimental studies on free-ranging bears that document their abilities to completely resolve cutaneous cuts and punctures incurred during or prior to hibernation.We induced small,full-thickness cutaneous wounds(biopsies or incisions)during early denning,and re-biopsied sites 2–3 months later(near the end of denning).Routine histological methods were used to characterize these skin samples.All biopsied sites with respect to secondary intention(open circular biopsies)and primary intention(sutured sites)healed,with evidence of initial eschar(scab)formation,completeness of healed epidermis and dermal layers,dyskeratosis(inclusion cysts),and abilities to produce hair follicles.These healing abilities of hibernating black bears are a clear survival advantage to animals injured before or during denning.Bears are known to have elevated levels of hibernation induction trigger(delta-opioid receptor agonist)and ursodeoxycholic acid(major bile acid within plasma,mostly conjugated with taurine)during hibernation,which may relate to these wound-healing abilities.Further research as to the underlying mechanisms of wound healing during hibernation could have applications in human medicine.Unique approaches may be found to improve healing for malnourished,hypothermic,diabetic and elderly patients or to reduce scarring associated with burns and traumatic injuries.展开更多
Background:Habitat resources occur across the range of spatial scales in the environment.The environmental resources are characterized by upper and lower limits,which define organisms’distribution in their communitie...Background:Habitat resources occur across the range of spatial scales in the environment.The environmental resources are characterized by upper and lower limits,which define organisms’distribution in their communities.Animals respond to these resources at the optimal spatial scale.Therefore,multi-scale assessments are critical to identifying the correct spatial scale at which habitat resources are most influential in determining the specieshabitat relationships.This study used a machine learning algorithm random forest(RF),to evaluate the scaledependent habitat selection of sloth bears(Melursus ursinus)in and around Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve,Madhya Pradesh,India.Results:We used 155 spatially rarified occurrences out of 248 occurrence records of sloth bears obtained from camera trap captures(n=36)and scats located(n=212)in the field.We calculated focal statistics for 13 habitat variables across ten spatial scales surrounding each presence-absence record of sloth bears.Large(>5000 m)and small(1000–2000 m)spatial scales were the most dominant scales at which sloth bears perceived the habitat features.Among the habitat covariates,farmlands and degraded forests were the essential patches associated with sloth bear occurrences,followed by sal and dry deciduous forests.The final habitat suitability model was highly accurate and had a very low out-of-bag(OOB)error rate.The high accuracy rate was also obtained using alternate validation matrices.Conclusions:Human-dominated landscapes are characterized by expanding human populations,changing landuse patterns,and increasing habitat fragmentation.Farmland and degraded habitats constitute~40%of the landform in the buffer zone of the reserve.One of the management implications may be identifying the highly suitable bear habitats in human-modified landscapes and integrating them with the existing conservation landscapes.展开更多
主题语境:动物特性,篇幅:335词,建议用时:7分钟,Polar bears possess a remarkable ability to prevent ice from forming on their fur,a characteristic that has long been recognized by Indigenous Arctic peoples but only recent...主题语境:动物特性,篇幅:335词,建议用时:7分钟,Polar bears possess a remarkable ability to prevent ice from forming on their fur,a characteristic that has long been recognized by Indigenous Arctic peoples but only recently studied by scientists.Bodil Holst,a physicist from the University of Bergen in Norway,discovered that the ice resistance of polar bear fur is due to natural oils secreted(分泌)onto the hairs,rather than the fur itself.This finding came from Holsts observation that polar bears,despite having freezing fur temperatures,never appeared with ice buildup in wildlife documentaries.展开更多
Spiral pile foundations,as a promising type of foundation,are of significant importance for the development of offshore wind energy,particularly as it moves toward deeper waters.This study conducted a physical experim...Spiral pile foundations,as a promising type of foundation,are of significant importance for the development of offshore wind energy,particularly as it moves toward deeper waters.This study conducted a physical experiment on a three-spiral-pile jacket foundation under deep-buried sandy soil conditions.During the experiment,horizontal displacement was applied to the structure to thoroughly investigate the bearing characteristics of the three-spiral-pile jacket foundation.This study also focused on analyzing the bearing mechanisms of conventional piles compared with spiral piles with different numbers of blades.Three different working conditions were set up and compared,and key data,such as the horizontal bearing capacity,pile shaft axial force,and spiral blade soil pressure,were measured and analyzed.The results show the distinct impacts of the spiral blades on the compressed and tensioned sides of the foundation.Specifically,on the compressed side,the spiral blades effectively enhance the restraint of the soil on the pile foundation,whereas on the tensioned side,an excessive number of spiral blades can negatively affect the structural tensile performance to some extent.This study also emphasizes that the addition of blades to the side of a single pile is the most effective method for increasing the bearing capacity of the foundation.This research aims to provide design insights into improving the bearing capacity of the foundation.展开更多
The high-temperature dissolution behavior of primary carbides in samples taken from GCr15 continuous-casting bloom was observed in-situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Equations were fitted to the dissolution ki...The high-temperature dissolution behavior of primary carbides in samples taken from GCr15 continuous-casting bloom was observed in-situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Equations were fitted to the dissolution kinetics of primary carbides during either heating or soaking.Dissolution of carbides proceeded in three stages(fast→slow→faster)as either temperature or holding time was increased.During the heating process and during the first and third stages of the soaking process,the original size of the carbides determined the steepness of the slope,but during the middle(“slow”)stage of the soaking process,the slope remained zero.The initial size of the carbides varied greatly,but their final dissolution temperature fell within the narrow range of 1210-1235℃,and the holding time remained within 50 min.Fractal analysis was used to study the morphological characteristics of small and medium-sized carbides during the dissolution process.According to changes in the fractal dimension before and after soaking,the carbides tended to evolve towards a more regular morphology.展开更多
Precast driven piles are extensively used for infrastructure on soft soils,but the buildup of excess pore water pressure associated with pile driving is a challenging issue.The process of soil consolidation could take...Precast driven piles are extensively used for infrastructure on soft soils,but the buildup of excess pore water pressure associated with pile driving is a challenging issue.The process of soil consolidation could take several months.Measures are sought to shorten the drainage path in the ground,and permeable pipe pile is a concept that involves drainage channels at the peak pore pressure locations around the pile circumference.Centrifuge tests were conducted to understand the responses of permeable pipe pile treated ground,experiencing the whole pile driving,soil consolidating,and axially loading process.Results show that the dissipation rate of pore pressures can be improved,especially at a greater depth or at a shorter distance from the pile,since the local hydraulic gradient was higher.Less significant buildup of pore pressures can be anticipated with the use of permeable pipe pile.For this,the bearing capacity of composite foundation with permeable pipe pile can be increased by over 36.9%,compared to the case with normal pipe pile at a specific time period.All these demonstrate the ability of permeable pipe pile in accelerating the consolidation process,mobilizing the bearing capacity of treated ground at an early stage,and minimizing the set-up effect.展开更多
文摘孩子们喜欢故事,老师也喜欢故事,因此,通过故事的方式引导小学生学习英语已经成为当前一种有效的英语教学方式。《义务教育英语课程标准》(2011年版)在"语言技能"二级要求中就英语故事教学做出如下描述:"能听懂简单的配图小故事,能在教师的帮助下和图片的提示下描述或讲述简单的小故事,能正确朗读所学故事或短文,能在教师的帮助下表演小故事或小短剧。"为此,当前很多小学英语教材都在权重板块设置了"Story Time",旨在通过故事的方式引导学生开展富有趣味的英语学习活动。确实,故事教学给小学英语课堂带来了新的活力、新的气象,然而,当一些英语小故事被抹上过于浓重的"教学味"的时候,它们在学生眼中便失去了原有的魅力,所谓的"Story Time"也就或多或少地缺失了故事该有的滋味。因此,如何使故事教学更具有故事的味儿,也是我们当今面对的一个重要课题。多年来,钱希洁老师对此进行了深入的实践与探索,本文主要以她执教的译林出版社出版的《义务教育教科书·英语》(五年级上册)Unit 1 Story time板块中的故事"Goldilocks and the three bears"教学中的几个片段为例,阐述了她对小学英语故事教学的思考,旨在与广大同行朋友们探讨:如何使小学英语故事教学散发出更为浓郁的故事味。我们相信,这样的探讨对于其它学科的教学,也有一定的借鉴意义。
文摘In the second quarter of 2018, the Chinese economy grew at 6.7 percent which is in line with expectations and marginally slower than the 6.8-percent growth recorded in the previous three quarters. Growth during the first half this year also stands at 6.7 percent. Amidst the ongoing trade war with the United States, as of July 27, the renminbi （RMB） has fallen 8.2 percent against the dollar since April 2. Having fallen below 3,000 in June for the first time in two years.
文摘The Johannesburg Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation held in South Africa in December 2015has raised the level of agricultural cooperation between China and African countries,as evidenced by the achievements made by Chinese agricultural missions working on the continent.
文摘The need for the mitigation of brown bears has become so severe that many nomads have given up repairing their houses in Maryo Township’s Mendang Village(also named the First Administrative Village),a remote place located in the southwestern section of the Changtang National Nature Reserve(CNNR).Only part of the village belongs to Serling Tso Nature Reserve.
文摘An expeditious method for ascertaining species between black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus G. cuiver) and brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus) was developed using tooth measurements from previously identified specimens. The measurement and analysis on 18 tooth measurement indexes (i.e. T1. Length of Pm1-Pm4, T2. L. of M1-M3, T3. M1L., T4. M1 width, T5. M2L., T6. M2W., T7.M3L., T8. M3W., T9. L. of C1 alveolus, T10. W. of C1 alveolus, T11. L. of C1-M2, T12. L. of Pm4 M2,T13.M1L., T14. M1W., T15. M2L., T16. M2W., T17.L. of C1 alveolus, T18. W. of C1 alveolus) of 59 skulls (black bears 25, brown bears 34) indicates that there are significant or the most significant difference between two species in every indexes, however T1, T9, T10, T17 and T18 are not suitable for species discriminator because of their high percent of overlap. The efficient species discriminators and standards (mm) are as follows T2(63.0), T3(22.0), T4(10.2), T5(23.8), T6(13.6), T7(18.0), T8(13.5), T11(110.0),T12(66.0), T13(20. 1), T14(15.8), T15(33.0) and T16(17.3). Those who are less than or equal to standard are classified to black bear, the others are brown bear. The method is very convenient and useful with high reliability. Their lowest accuracy percent are 95.0%, most of them over 97%. Different indexes will be chosen refer to the degree of specimen destroyed.
文摘From 1991 to 1992, we observed behavior of 7 brown bears (5 females, 2 males) in mating season. Re-Sults showed tkat the oertrus of brown bears was mainly from May to July. The oeStrus ofmost individuals occwred at theend of May and the beginning of June. There were some differences in the oestrus among individuals. Average duration ofthe oestrus 30.8 days (16-50 days). The mating behavior was mainly observed during 8.00-9.00 a.m., and 15.00-16.00p.m.. Rest and sleep were the next behavior after mating for most bears, especially for male bears. All bears had poor appe-the. The Pattern and process of a successful mating was that a male bear approached a female, smelled the pudendum of thefemale, climbed on female hip, mated, parted and rested. Oestrus females approached males sometimes.
基金Key Scientific Research Foundation of Educational Committee of Sichuan Province (No. 2004 A101) and Key Discipline Construction Project in Sichuan Province (No. SZD0420)
文摘According to the principle of enzyme reaction rate, healthy pent black bears’ myocardial enzyme activity is assayed by visual colorimetry and compared with that of healthy human beings. The determination at 37 °C and the statistic analysis of the experimental data work out the following findings. For male black bears, the average CK activity is 163.20 U/L, the confidence interval of its expected value (127.70 to 198.70) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 39.2%; the average CK-MB activity 21.62 U/L, the confidential interval (17.72 to 25.51) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 34.26%; the average LDH activity 604.20 U/L, the confidence interval (524.56 to 683.83) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 23.80%; the average HBDH activity 516.70 U/L, the confidence interval (453.06 to 580.34) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 22.24%; the average GOT activity 69.70 U/L, the confidence interval (60.21 to 79.19) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 24.59%. For female black bears, the average CK activity is 145.50 U/L, the confidence interval (114.59 to 176.21) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 38.27%; the average CK-MB activity 18.84 U/L, the confidence interval (14.64 to 23.04) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 40.34%; the average LDH activity 563.70 U/L, the confidence interval (473.80 to 652.60) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 28.80%; the average of HBDH activity 475.50 U/L, the confidence interval (412.10 to 538.40) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 24.07%; the average of GOT activity is 62.37 U/L, the confidential interval (52.54 to 72.20) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 28.46%. The male black bear’s average myocardium enzyme activities are slightly higher than those of the female. But the statistical results indicate that the difference is not significant.
基金supported by Structural Funds of EU Project of the Agency of the Ministry of Education,Science,Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic,Bratislava,ITMS No.26110230078
文摘Populations of the European brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) differ substantially in size, degree of geographic isolation and level of genetic diversity. Present patterns result from phylogeographic processes and profound human intervention. We assessed the genetic variability of a subpopulation of brown bears near the periphery of their range in the Western Carpathian Mountains and compared their genetic properties with those of bears in the core of the same population and elsewhere. Samples were collected non-invasively in 2007-2008 and2010 in Strázovské Vrchy Protected Landscape Area (PLA) in Slovakia (included in the NATURA 2000 networking programme). Seven polymorphic microsatellite loci (UaMU26, UaMU64, G10B, G1D, G10L, UaMU50 and UaMU51) were amplified using a nested PCR in order to assess the following parameters: variability, allelic combinations, heterozygosity, number of alleles and inbreeding coefficient. Sufficient brown bear DNA for analysis was obtained from 57 out of 140 samples (41%), among which 45 different genotypes were identified. Loci had a mean of 2.71 ± 0.76 alleles. Average observed heterozygosity was 0.59. The inbreeding coefficient was negative for all but one of the analysed loci (2007-2008). In the year 2010 was negative three of seven loci. These results imply that gene flow with other parts of the population has been maintained in the reduced level and the isolation level of bears in the study area was not so low. Nevertheless, the genetic variability of bears in Strázovské Vrchy PLA was lower than that reported from other localities in the Carpathian Mountains. The results are discussed in the context of behavioural ecology and conservation genetics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203305,U21A20494,and 61927820)。
文摘To date,various micro/nanofabrication techniques have been developed during the global nanotechnology race,such as electron-beam lithography[1],photolithography[2],nanoimprint lithography[3],and 3D nanoprinting[4,5].Benefiting from these functional techniques,micro/nanoscale patterns can be easily generated onto a broad range of materials,including metals,semiconductors,ceramics,and polymers.However,a bold and even visionary question can be raised,is it possible to make patterns on living organisms rather than inanimate objects?Despite the emergence of numerous electronic devices for biological applications,directly processing biological samples remains a challenge due to the poor biocompatibility of many micro/nanofabrication methods[6].Researchers have attempted to prepare and transfer micro/nanopatterns onto cell surfaces[7],the structural integrity of these modifications can be compromised by the growth and development of cells during culture.Moreover,intact animal skin presents greater challenges for integration with metal patterns compared to cell surfaces.
文摘Monocolumn composite bucket foundation is a new type of offshore wind energy foundation.Its bearing characteristics under shallow bedrock conditions and complex geological conditions have not been extensively studied.Therefore,to analyze its bearing characteristics under complex conditions-such as silty soil,chalky soil,and shallow bedrock-this paper employs finite element software to establish various soil combination scenarios.The load-displacement curves of the foundations under these scenarios are calculated to subsequently evaluate the horizontal ultimate bearing capacity.This study investigates the effects of shallow bedrock depth,the type of soil above the bedrock,the thickness of layered soil,and the quality of layered soil on the bearing characteristics of the monocolumn composite bucket foundation.Based on the principle of single-variable control,the ultimate bearing capacity characteristics of the foundation under different conditions are compared.The distribution of soil pressure inside and outside the bucket wall on the compressed side of the foundation,along with the plastic strain of the soil at the base of the foundation,is also analyzed.In conclusion,shallow bedrock somewhat reduces foundation bearing capacity.Under shallow bedrock conditions,the degree of influence on foundation bearing capacity characteristics can considerably vary on different upper soils.The thickness of each soil layer and the depth to bedrock in stratified soils also affect the bearing capacity of the foundation.The findings of this paper provide a theoretical reference for related foundation design and construction.In practice,the bearing performance of the foundation can be enhanced by improvingthe soil quality in the bucket,adjusting the penetration depth,adjusting the percentage of different types of soil layers in the bucket,and applying other technical construction methods.
文摘On February 8, 2006, a piece of sad news came out of the Moon Bear Rescue Center in Chengdu, capital city of southwest China's Sichuan Province. Andrew, the first moon bear rescued by the Animals Asia Foundation, which sponsors the center, died of liver cancer, thought to have arisen from the massive infec-
文摘Yahoo,我最喜欢浏览的网站,Oddly Enough是我最喜欢的专栏之一。这个栏目绝少有中国故事。不料,刚刚开学,就在Yahoo上读到北京大学生在动物园“作孽”的故事。“作孽”者往熊身上泼洒硫酸,后果严重,但他竟然解释:Iwanted to test whether or not they really are stupid。但是,I wanted to ask whetheror not he really is stupid！】
文摘Even mildly hypothermic body or limb temperatures can retard healing processes in mammals.Despite this,we observed that hibernating American black bears(Ursus americanus Pallas,1780)elicit profound abilities in mounting inflammatory responses to infection and/or foreign bodies.In addition,they resolve injuries during hibernation while maintaining mildly hypothermic states(30–35°C)and without eating,drinking,urinating or defecating.We describe experimental studies on free-ranging bears that document their abilities to completely resolve cutaneous cuts and punctures incurred during or prior to hibernation.We induced small,full-thickness cutaneous wounds(biopsies or incisions)during early denning,and re-biopsied sites 2–3 months later(near the end of denning).Routine histological methods were used to characterize these skin samples.All biopsied sites with respect to secondary intention(open circular biopsies)and primary intention(sutured sites)healed,with evidence of initial eschar(scab)formation,completeness of healed epidermis and dermal layers,dyskeratosis(inclusion cysts),and abilities to produce hair follicles.These healing abilities of hibernating black bears are a clear survival advantage to animals injured before or during denning.Bears are known to have elevated levels of hibernation induction trigger(delta-opioid receptor agonist)and ursodeoxycholic acid(major bile acid within plasma,mostly conjugated with taurine)during hibernation,which may relate to these wound-healing abilities.Further research as to the underlying mechanisms of wound healing during hibernation could have applications in human medicine.Unique approaches may be found to improve healing for malnourished,hypothermic,diabetic and elderly patients or to reduce scarring associated with burns and traumatic injuries.
基金The field expanses were facilitated by a local NGO(The Corbett Foundation).
文摘Background:Habitat resources occur across the range of spatial scales in the environment.The environmental resources are characterized by upper and lower limits,which define organisms’distribution in their communities.Animals respond to these resources at the optimal spatial scale.Therefore,multi-scale assessments are critical to identifying the correct spatial scale at which habitat resources are most influential in determining the specieshabitat relationships.This study used a machine learning algorithm random forest(RF),to evaluate the scaledependent habitat selection of sloth bears(Melursus ursinus)in and around Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve,Madhya Pradesh,India.Results:We used 155 spatially rarified occurrences out of 248 occurrence records of sloth bears obtained from camera trap captures(n=36)and scats located(n=212)in the field.We calculated focal statistics for 13 habitat variables across ten spatial scales surrounding each presence-absence record of sloth bears.Large(>5000 m)and small(1000–2000 m)spatial scales were the most dominant scales at which sloth bears perceived the habitat features.Among the habitat covariates,farmlands and degraded forests were the essential patches associated with sloth bear occurrences,followed by sal and dry deciduous forests.The final habitat suitability model was highly accurate and had a very low out-of-bag(OOB)error rate.The high accuracy rate was also obtained using alternate validation matrices.Conclusions:Human-dominated landscapes are characterized by expanding human populations,changing landuse patterns,and increasing habitat fragmentation.Farmland and degraded habitats constitute~40%of the landform in the buffer zone of the reserve.One of the management implications may be identifying the highly suitable bear habitats in human-modified landscapes and integrating them with the existing conservation landscapes.
文摘主题语境:动物特性,篇幅:335词,建议用时:7分钟,Polar bears possess a remarkable ability to prevent ice from forming on their fur,a characteristic that has long been recognized by Indigenous Arctic peoples but only recently studied by scientists.Bodil Holst,a physicist from the University of Bergen in Norway,discovered that the ice resistance of polar bear fur is due to natural oils secreted(分泌)onto the hairs,rather than the fur itself.This finding came from Holsts observation that polar bears,despite having freezing fur temperatures,never appeared with ice buildup in wildlife documentaries.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52171274).
文摘Spiral pile foundations,as a promising type of foundation,are of significant importance for the development of offshore wind energy,particularly as it moves toward deeper waters.This study conducted a physical experiment on a three-spiral-pile jacket foundation under deep-buried sandy soil conditions.During the experiment,horizontal displacement was applied to the structure to thoroughly investigate the bearing characteristics of the three-spiral-pile jacket foundation.This study also focused on analyzing the bearing mechanisms of conventional piles compared with spiral piles with different numbers of blades.Three different working conditions were set up and compared,and key data,such as the horizontal bearing capacity,pile shaft axial force,and spiral blade soil pressure,were measured and analyzed.The results show the distinct impacts of the spiral blades on the compressed and tensioned sides of the foundation.Specifically,on the compressed side,the spiral blades effectively enhance the restraint of the soil on the pile foundation,whereas on the tensioned side,an excessive number of spiral blades can negatively affect the structural tensile performance to some extent.This study also emphasizes that the addition of blades to the side of a single pile is the most effective method for increasing the bearing capacity of the foundation.This research aims to provide design insights into improving the bearing capacity of the foundation.
基金supported by Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy,Shanghai University(SKLASS-2023-Z13)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.19DZ2270200)+1 种基金A portion of the work was performed at US National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,which is supported by the National Science Foundation(Cooperative Agreement No.DMR-1157490 and DMR-1644779)the State of Florida.Thanks also to Mary Tyler for editing.
文摘The high-temperature dissolution behavior of primary carbides in samples taken from GCr15 continuous-casting bloom was observed in-situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Equations were fitted to the dissolution kinetics of primary carbides during either heating or soaking.Dissolution of carbides proceeded in three stages(fast→slow→faster)as either temperature or holding time was increased.During the heating process and during the first and third stages of the soaking process,the original size of the carbides determined the steepness of the slope,but during the middle(“slow”)stage of the soaking process,the slope remained zero.The initial size of the carbides varied greatly,but their final dissolution temperature fell within the narrow range of 1210-1235℃,and the holding time remained within 50 min.Fractal analysis was used to study the morphological characteristics of small and medium-sized carbides during the dissolution process.According to changes in the fractal dimension before and after soaking,the carbides tended to evolve towards a more regular morphology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52168046 and 52178321)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province,China(Grant No.2021AC18019).
文摘Precast driven piles are extensively used for infrastructure on soft soils,but the buildup of excess pore water pressure associated with pile driving is a challenging issue.The process of soil consolidation could take several months.Measures are sought to shorten the drainage path in the ground,and permeable pipe pile is a concept that involves drainage channels at the peak pore pressure locations around the pile circumference.Centrifuge tests were conducted to understand the responses of permeable pipe pile treated ground,experiencing the whole pile driving,soil consolidating,and axially loading process.Results show that the dissipation rate of pore pressures can be improved,especially at a greater depth or at a shorter distance from the pile,since the local hydraulic gradient was higher.Less significant buildup of pore pressures can be anticipated with the use of permeable pipe pile.For this,the bearing capacity of composite foundation with permeable pipe pile can be increased by over 36.9%,compared to the case with normal pipe pile at a specific time period.All these demonstrate the ability of permeable pipe pile in accelerating the consolidation process,mobilizing the bearing capacity of treated ground at an early stage,and minimizing the set-up effect.
