Vehicular safety applications, such as cooperative collision warning systems, rely on beaconing to provide situational awareness that is needed to predict and therefore to avoid possible collisions. Beaconing is the c...Vehicular safety applications, such as cooperative collision warning systems, rely on beaconing to provide situational awareness that is needed to predict and therefore to avoid possible collisions. Beaconing is the continual exchange of vehicle motion-state information, such as position, speed, and heading, which enables each vehicle to track its neighboring vehicles in real time. This work presents a context-aware adaptive beaconing scheme that dynamically adapts the beaconing repetition rate based on an estimated channel load and the danger severity of the interactions among vehicles. The safety, efficiency, and scalability of the new scheme is evaluated by simulating vehicle collisions caused by inattentive drivers under various road traffic densities. Simulation results show that the new scheme is more efficient and scalable, and is able to improve safety better than the existing non-adaptive and adaptive rate schemes.展开更多
In vehicular Ad-hoc networks （VANETs）, beacon message is designed for the purpose of periodically broadcasting the status information （velocity, direction, etc.）, which enable neighbor awareness and support some s...In vehicular Ad-hoc networks （VANETs）, beacon message is designed for the purpose of periodically broadcasting the status information （velocity, direction, etc.）, which enable neighbor awareness and support some safety applications. However, under high density scenarios, fixed rate beaconing can cause severe congestion and lower the deliver rate of beacons and other kinds of messages. In this paper, we describe beaconing rate control approach with an one-dimensional Markov model, and based on this, an optimized beacon rate control scheme is proposed which aims to mitigate the congestion and maximize the deliver efficiency of beaconing. Analytical and simulation results show that our proposed scheme can achieve higher adaptability and beaconing efficiency compared with other schemes in various environments.展开更多
In vehicular networks,the exchange of beacons among neighboring vehicles is a promising solution to guarantee a vehicle's safety.However,frequent beaconing under high vehicle density conditions will cause beacon c...In vehicular networks,the exchange of beacons among neighboring vehicles is a promising solution to guarantee a vehicle's safety.However,frequent beaconing under high vehicle density conditions will cause beacon collisions,which are harmful to a vehicle's driving safety and the location tracking accuracy.We propose an ABIwRC(Adaptive Beaconing Interval with Resource Coordination)method for a highway scenario.Each vehicle broadcasts beacon interval requests,including the intervals needed for both the vehicle's driving safety and location tracking accuracy.The RSU(Road Side Unit)allocates resources for a vehicle's beaconing according to the requests from all vehicles and the interference relationship between the vehicles in adjacent RSUs.We formulate a resource allocation problem for maximizing the sum utility,which measures the satisfaction of vehicles'requests.We then transform the optimization problem into a maximum weighted independent set problem,and propose an algorithm to solve this effciently.Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the benchmark in terms of beacon reception ratio,vehicle driving safety,and location tracking accuracy.展开更多
The study projects a flexible and compact wearable pear-shaped Super High Frequency(SHF)antenna that can provide detailed location recognition and tracking applicable to defense beacon technology.This mini aperture wi...The study projects a flexible and compact wearable pear-shaped Super High Frequency(SHF)antenna that can provide detailed location recognition and tracking applicable to defense beacon technology.This mini aperture with electrical dimensions of 0.12λ_(0)×0.22λ_(0)×0.01λ_(0)attains a vast bandwidth over 3.1-34.5 GHz Super High Frequency(SHF)frequency band at S_(11)≤-10 dB,peak gain of 7.14 dBi and proportionately homogeneous radiation pattern.The fractional bandwidth(%BW)acquired is 168%that envelopes diversified frequency spectrum inclusive of X band specifically targeted to all kinds of defense and military operations.The proposed antenna can be worn on a soldier's uniform and hence the Specific Absorption Rate simulation is accomplished.The Peak SAR Value over 1 g of tissue is 1.48 W/kg and for 10 g of tissue is 0.27 W/kg well under the safety standards.The flexibility is proven by analyzing the full electromagnetic simulations for various bending conditions.Time response analysis is attained with its Fidelity Factor and Group Delay.Communication excellence is determined using Link Budget Analysis and it is seen that margin at 100 Mbps is 62 m and at 200 Mbps is 59 m.Prototype is fabricated along with experimental validation.All the results show harmony in shaping the antenna to provide critical situational awareness and data sharing capabilities required in defense beacon technology for location identification.展开更多
Objective Detection and quantification of RNA synthesis in cells is a widely used technique for monitoring cell viability,health,and metabolic rate.After exposure to environmental stimuli,both the internal reference g...Objective Detection and quantification of RNA synthesis in cells is a widely used technique for monitoring cell viability,health,and metabolic rate.After exposure to environmental stimuli,both the internal reference gene and target gene would be degraded.As a result,it is imperative to consider the accurate capture of nascent RNA and the detection of transcriptional levels of RNA following environmental stimulation.This study aims to create a Click Chemistry method that utilizes its property to capture nascent RNA from total RNA that was stimulated by the environment.Methods The new RNA was labeled with 5-ethyluridine(5-EU)instead of uracil,and the azido-biotin medium ligand was connected to the magnetic sphere using a combination of“Click Chemistry”and magnetic bead screening.Then the new RNA was captured and the transcription rate of 16S rRNA was detected by fluorescence molecular beacon(M.B.)and quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR).Results The bacterial nascent RNA captured by“Click Chemistry”screening can be used as a reverse transcription template to form cDNA.Combined with the fluorescent molecular beacon M.B.1,the synthesis rate of rRNA at 37℃is 1.2 times higher than that at 15℃.The 16S rRNA gene and cspI gene can be detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR,it was found that the measured relative gene expression changes were significantly enhanced at 25℃and 16℃when analyzed with nascent RNA rather than total RNA,enabling accurate detection of RNA transcription rates.Conclusion Compared to other article reported experimental methods that utilize screening magnetic columns,the technical scheme employed in this study is more suitable for bacteria,and the operation steps are simple and easy to implement,making it an effective RNA capture method for researchers.展开更多
车载网络(Vehicular ad hoc networks,VANETs)是一种特殊形式的网络,具有节点高速移动、拓扑频繁的变化的特性,这些特性为消息的传播带来挑战,路由机制是实现消息传递的关键因素;地理位置路由被广泛地应用于VANETS,要求节点周期广播bea...车载网络(Vehicular ad hoc networks,VANETs)是一种特殊形式的网络,具有节点高速移动、拓扑频繁的变化的特性,这些特性为消息的传播带来挑战,路由机制是实现消息传递的关键因素;地理位置路由被广泛地应用于VANETS,要求节点周期广播beacon消息;然而,节点周期地广播beacon消息,降低了路由性能,特别是在城市区域,由于节点密集,每个节点均广播beacon消息,恶化了路由性能;为此,针对城市环境,提出基于beacon控制的路由协议RPBC(Routing protocol with beacon control);在RPBC中,并非每个节点广播beacon消息,而设置有效的机制选择部分节点广播,从而降低了beacon冗余,同时,采用最短路径算法,减少数据传输跳数;仿真结果表明,提出的RBPC在分组投递率、端到端传输时延以及路由开销方面均有较好的性能。展开更多
On the basis of Hartmann Shack sensor imaging analysis, a new method is presented with which the wavefront slope can be obtained when the object is incoherent and extended. This method, which is demonstrated by both ...On the basis of Hartmann Shack sensor imaging analysis, a new method is presented with which the wavefront slope can be obtained when the object is incoherent and extended. This method, which is demonstrated by both theoretical interpreting and computer simulation, explains how to measure the wavefront slope difference between two sub apertures through the determination of image displacements on detector plane. It includes a fast and accurate digital algorithm for detecting wavefront disturbance, which is much suitable for realization in such electrical hardwares as digital signal processors.展开更多
文摘Vehicular safety applications, such as cooperative collision warning systems, rely on beaconing to provide situational awareness that is needed to predict and therefore to avoid possible collisions. Beaconing is the continual exchange of vehicle motion-state information, such as position, speed, and heading, which enables each vehicle to track its neighboring vehicles in real time. This work presents a context-aware adaptive beaconing scheme that dynamically adapts the beaconing repetition rate based on an estimated channel load and the danger severity of the interactions among vehicles. The safety, efficiency, and scalability of the new scheme is evaluated by simulating vehicle collisions caused by inattentive drivers under various road traffic densities. Simulation results show that the new scheme is more efficient and scalable, and is able to improve safety better than the existing non-adaptive and adaptive rate schemes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61171111)the Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC (CSTC2011jj A40046)the Science and Technology Research Projects of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (KJ120524)
文摘In vehicular Ad-hoc networks （VANETs）, beacon message is designed for the purpose of periodically broadcasting the status information （velocity, direction, etc.）, which enable neighbor awareness and support some safety applications. However, under high density scenarios, fixed rate beaconing can cause severe congestion and lower the deliver rate of beacons and other kinds of messages. In this paper, we describe beaconing rate control approach with an one-dimensional Markov model, and based on this, an optimized beacon rate control scheme is proposed which aims to mitigate the congestion and maximize the deliver efficiency of beaconing. Analytical and simulation results show that our proposed scheme can achieve higher adaptability and beaconing efficiency compared with other schemes in various environments.
基金This work is supported in part by the Zhejiang Provincial Public Technology Research of China(No.2016C31063the Fun-damental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2015XZZX001-02)a research grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
文摘In vehicular networks,the exchange of beacons among neighboring vehicles is a promising solution to guarantee a vehicle's safety.However,frequent beaconing under high vehicle density conditions will cause beacon collisions,which are harmful to a vehicle's driving safety and the location tracking accuracy.We propose an ABIwRC(Adaptive Beaconing Interval with Resource Coordination)method for a highway scenario.Each vehicle broadcasts beacon interval requests,including the intervals needed for both the vehicle's driving safety and location tracking accuracy.The RSU(Road Side Unit)allocates resources for a vehicle's beaconing according to the requests from all vehicles and the interference relationship between the vehicles in adjacent RSUs.We formulate a resource allocation problem for maximizing the sum utility,which measures the satisfaction of vehicles'requests.We then transform the optimization problem into a maximum weighted independent set problem,and propose an algorithm to solve this effciently.Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the benchmark in terms of beacon reception ratio,vehicle driving safety,and location tracking accuracy.
基金the Defense Institute of Advanced Technology,Pune(DIAT,Pune)IIT Delhi。
文摘The study projects a flexible and compact wearable pear-shaped Super High Frequency(SHF)antenna that can provide detailed location recognition and tracking applicable to defense beacon technology.This mini aperture with electrical dimensions of 0.12λ_(0)×0.22λ_(0)×0.01λ_(0)attains a vast bandwidth over 3.1-34.5 GHz Super High Frequency(SHF)frequency band at S_(11)≤-10 dB,peak gain of 7.14 dBi and proportionately homogeneous radiation pattern.The fractional bandwidth(%BW)acquired is 168%that envelopes diversified frequency spectrum inclusive of X band specifically targeted to all kinds of defense and military operations.The proposed antenna can be worn on a soldier's uniform and hence the Specific Absorption Rate simulation is accomplished.The Peak SAR Value over 1 g of tissue is 1.48 W/kg and for 10 g of tissue is 0.27 W/kg well under the safety standards.The flexibility is proven by analyzing the full electromagnetic simulations for various bending conditions.Time response analysis is attained with its Fidelity Factor and Group Delay.Communication excellence is determined using Link Budget Analysis and it is seen that margin at 100 Mbps is 62 m and at 200 Mbps is 59 m.Prototype is fabricated along with experimental validation.All the results show harmony in shaping the antenna to provide critical situational awareness and data sharing capabilities required in defense beacon technology for location identification.
文摘Objective Detection and quantification of RNA synthesis in cells is a widely used technique for monitoring cell viability,health,and metabolic rate.After exposure to environmental stimuli,both the internal reference gene and target gene would be degraded.As a result,it is imperative to consider the accurate capture of nascent RNA and the detection of transcriptional levels of RNA following environmental stimulation.This study aims to create a Click Chemistry method that utilizes its property to capture nascent RNA from total RNA that was stimulated by the environment.Methods The new RNA was labeled with 5-ethyluridine(5-EU)instead of uracil,and the azido-biotin medium ligand was connected to the magnetic sphere using a combination of“Click Chemistry”and magnetic bead screening.Then the new RNA was captured and the transcription rate of 16S rRNA was detected by fluorescence molecular beacon(M.B.)and quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR).Results The bacterial nascent RNA captured by“Click Chemistry”screening can be used as a reverse transcription template to form cDNA.Combined with the fluorescent molecular beacon M.B.1,the synthesis rate of rRNA at 37℃is 1.2 times higher than that at 15℃.The 16S rRNA gene and cspI gene can be detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR,it was found that the measured relative gene expression changes were significantly enhanced at 25℃and 16℃when analyzed with nascent RNA rather than total RNA,enabling accurate detection of RNA transcription rates.Conclusion Compared to other article reported experimental methods that utilize screening magnetic columns,the technical scheme employed in this study is more suitable for bacteria,and the operation steps are simple and easy to implement,making it an effective RNA capture method for researchers.
文摘车载网络(Vehicular ad hoc networks,VANETs)是一种特殊形式的网络,具有节点高速移动、拓扑频繁的变化的特性,这些特性为消息的传播带来挑战,路由机制是实现消息传递的关键因素;地理位置路由被广泛地应用于VANETS,要求节点周期广播beacon消息;然而,节点周期地广播beacon消息,降低了路由性能,特别是在城市区域,由于节点密集,每个节点均广播beacon消息,恶化了路由性能;为此,针对城市环境,提出基于beacon控制的路由协议RPBC(Routing protocol with beacon control);在RPBC中,并非每个节点广播beacon消息,而设置有效的机制选择部分节点广播,从而降低了beacon冗余,同时,采用最短路径算法,减少数据传输跳数;仿真结果表明,提出的RBPC在分组投递率、端到端传输时延以及路由开销方面均有较好的性能。
文摘On the basis of Hartmann Shack sensor imaging analysis, a new method is presented with which the wavefront slope can be obtained when the object is incoherent and extended. This method, which is demonstrated by both theoretical interpreting and computer simulation, explains how to measure the wavefront slope difference between two sub apertures through the determination of image displacements on detector plane. It includes a fast and accurate digital algorithm for detecting wavefront disturbance, which is much suitable for realization in such electrical hardwares as digital signal processors.
