The apoplast is a critical interface where plants and pathogens engage in biochemical confrontation.Within this shared extracellular space,plant defense responses provoke countermeasures from pathogens.We introduce ap...The apoplast is a critical interface where plants and pathogens engage in biochemical confrontation.Within this shared extracellular space,plant defense responses provoke countermeasures from pathogens.We introduce apoplastic interactive balance(AIB),a framework depicting the dynamic equilibrium that emerges from these interactions.AIB emphasizes that system-level functional stability arises from both balanced and divergent molecular strategies,with transient imbalances driving coevolutionary refinement.These interactions are classified into four modules:metabolites,proteins,small peptides,and extracellular vesicles(EVs).Across these modules,plants and pathogens deploy parallel molecular tactics shaped by adaptive coevolution.This conceptual view provides a foundation for hypothesis generation,comparative analysis among species,and the design of rational immune strategies.展开更多
The equilibrium dynamics and nonlinear rheology of unentangled polymer blends remain inadequately understood,especially regarding the influence of short-chain matrix length N_(S) on the structure and rheological behav...The equilibrium dynamics and nonlinear rheology of unentangled polymer blends remain inadequately understood,especially regarding the influence of short-chain matrix length N_(S) on the structure and rheological behavior of dispersed long chains.Using molecular dynamics simulations based on the Kremer-Grest model,we systematically explore the N_(S)-dependence of static conformations,equilibrium dynamics,and nonlinear shear responses in unentangled long-chain/short-chain polymer blends.Our results demonstrate a decoupling between the static and dynamic sensitivity to N_(S):while the static chain size,R_g,follows Flory theory with slight swelling at small N_(S) due to incomplete excluded volume screening,the diffusion coefficient,D,and the relaxation time,τ_(0),exhibit a strong,non-monotonic N_(S)-dependence,transitioning from monomeric friction dominance at small N_(S) to collective segmental rearrangement at large N_(S).Additionally,we observe partial decoupling between the viscous and normal stress responses:while the zero-shear viscosity,η,is strongly N_(S)-dependent,the first and second normal stress coefficients,Ψ_(1) and Ψ_(2),collapse onto universal curves when scaled by the dimensionless shear rate,γτ_(0),suggesting a common mechanism of orientation and stretching.Under shear,long chains compress in the vorticity direction λ_(z)~Wi^(-0.2),which reduces collision frequency and contributes to shear thinning,while the scaling of weaker orientation resistance m_(G)~Wi^(0.35)reflects hydrodynamic screening by the short-chain matrix.These findings highlight the limitations of single-chain models and emphasize the necessity of considering N_(S)-dependent matrix dynamics and flow-induced structural changes in understanding the rheology of unentangled polymer blends.展开更多
Reaction of the non-substituted/substituted unsymmetric pinene-derived complex[Pt(N^C^N')Cl]with the aryl isocyanide 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide(CNXyl)afforded a mixture of two isomeric species:the ionic complex...Reaction of the non-substituted/substituted unsymmetric pinene-derived complex[Pt(N^C^N')Cl]with the aryl isocyanide 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide(CNXyl)afforded a mixture of two isomeric species:the ionic complex[Pt(κ^(3)-N^C^N')(CNXyl)]Cl([A]Cl)and the molecular complex[Pt(κ^(2)-N^C^N')(CNXyl)Cl](B).Isomer B was almost the dominating product.The structures of the isomer B derivatives bearing-CF_(3)and-Cl substituents on the pyridine ring of the pinene moiety(5B and 7B,respectively)have been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,revealing a slightly distorted square planar geometry with trans-N_(N^C^N'),CNR configuration(The terminal N atom of theκ^(2)-N^C^N'ligand is trans to the isocyanide ligand CNXyl.).Isomer B is thermodynamically more stable,as confirmed by theoretical calculations.CCDC:2416415,5B;2416414,7B.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter addresses the impulse game problem for a general scope of deterministic,multi-player,nonzero-sum differential games wherein all participants adopt impulse controls.Our objective is to formulate...Dear Editor,This letter addresses the impulse game problem for a general scope of deterministic,multi-player,nonzero-sum differential games wherein all participants adopt impulse controls.Our objective is to formulate this impulse game problem with the modified objective function including interaction costs among the players in a discontinuous fashion,and subsequently,to derive a verification theorem for identifying the feedback Nash equilibrium strategy.展开更多
This paper designs distributed Nash equilibrium seeking strategies for heterogeneous dynamic cyber-physical systems.In particular, we are concerned with parametric uncertainties in the control channel of the players. ...This paper designs distributed Nash equilibrium seeking strategies for heterogeneous dynamic cyber-physical systems.In particular, we are concerned with parametric uncertainties in the control channel of the players. Moreover, the weights on communication links can be compromised by time-varying uncertainties, which can result from possibly malicious attacks,faults and disturbances. To deal with the unavailability of measurement of optimization errors, an output observer is constructed,based on which adaptive laws are designed to compensate for physical uncertainties. With adaptive laws, a new distributed Nash equilibrium seeking strategy is designed by further integrating consensus protocols and gradient search algorithms.Moreover, to further accommodate compromised communication weights resulting from cyber-uncertainties, the coupling strengths of the consensus module are designed to be adaptive. As a byproduct, the coupling strengths are independent of any global information. With theoretical investigations, it is proven that the proposed strategies are resilient to these uncertainties and players' actions are convergent to the Nash equilibrium. Simulation examples are given to numerically validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents a solution to the problem of seeking Nash equilibrium(NE)in a class of non-cooperative games of multi-agent systems(MASs)subject to the input disturbance and the networked communicatio...Dear Editor,This letter presents a solution to the problem of seeking Nash equilibrium(NE)in a class of non-cooperative games of multi-agent systems(MASs)subject to the input disturbance and the networked communication.To this end,a novel distributed robust predefined-time algorithm is proposed,which ensures the precise convergence of agent states to the NE within a settling time that can be directly determined by adjusting one or more parameters.The proposed algorithm employs an integral sliding mode strategy to effectively reject disturbances.Additionally,a consensus-based estimator is designed to overcome the challenge of limited information availability,where each agent can only access information from its directly connected neighbors,which conflicts with the computation of the cost function that requires information from all agents.Finally,a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the algorithm's effectiveness and performance.展开更多
We consider a single server constant retrial queue,in which a state-dependent service policy is used to control the service rate.Customer arrival follows Poisson process,while service time and retrial time are exponen...We consider a single server constant retrial queue,in which a state-dependent service policy is used to control the service rate.Customer arrival follows Poisson process,while service time and retrial time are exponential distributions.Whenever the server is available,it admits the retrial customers into service based on a first-come first-served rule.The service rate adjusts in real-time based on the retrial queue length.An iterative algorithm is proposed to numerically solve the personal optimal problem in the fully observable scenario.Furthermore,we investigate the impact of parameters on the social optimal threshold.The effectiveness of the results is illustrated by two examples.展开更多
The paper considers the methodology for a comprehensive analysis of the stability of an open pit-dump system,using limit equilibrium(LEM)and finite element(FEM)methods in the Russian CAE(computer-aided engineering)sof...The paper considers the methodology for a comprehensive analysis of the stability of an open pit-dump system,using limit equilibrium(LEM)and finite element(FEM)methods in the Russian CAE(computer-aided engineering)software Fidesys.It briefly highlights the issues of comparing limit equilibrium methods using the VNIMI(Research Institute of Geomechanics and Mine Surveying-Intersectoral Scientific Center"VNIMI")methodology and a specialized software product with numerical methods.The main focus of this study is to compare the results of the stability analysis in the volumetric model of the open pit-dump system using limit equilibrium and finite element methods in the CAE software Fidesys.It was found that,when modeling the combined operation of an open pit-dump system in complex terrain,both methods should be used,as each has its own advantages.The finite element method,for instance,has certain features that are not present in the calculations using the limit equilibrium approach.As a key scientific contribution,this paper introduces an automation program for calculating the stability of open-pit walls using the limit equilibrium method in CAE Fidesys,which was not previously integrated in the original software.The calculations performed with the use of this newly developed module were compared to those obtained from other widely used software solutions available on the market.The findings demonstrate a remarkable level of convergence in the calculation results for all relevant parameters,including the safety factor,localization,instability type,and deformation.The proposed approach i mproves the accuracy of calculati ons and ensures consistency between the higher stress design zones and the actual deformation and fracture patterns.It also enhances the ability to predict the behavior of rock mass when calculating stability parameters for facilities,both during operation and desi gn.展开更多
This paper, an addendum to “Dialectical Thermodynamics’ solution to the conceptual imbroglio that is the reversible path”, this journal, 10, 775-799, was written in response to the requests of several readers to pr...This paper, an addendum to “Dialectical Thermodynamics’ solution to the conceptual imbroglio that is the reversible path”, this journal, 10, 775-799, was written in response to the requests of several readers to provide further evidence of the said “imbroglio”. The evidence here presented relates to the incompatibility existing between the total-entropy and the Gibbs energy prescriptions for the reversible path. The previously published proof of the negentropic nature of the transformation of heat into work is here included to validate out conclusions about the Gibbs energy perspective.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter addresses the Nash equilibrium seeking problem for games with second-order players subject to unknown input deadzones and denial-of-service(DoS)attacks.By using ideas from the digital twin,a di...Dear Editor,This letter addresses the Nash equilibrium seeking problem for games with second-order players subject to unknown input deadzones and denial-of-service(DoS)attacks.By using ideas from the digital twin,a distributed Nash equilibrium seeking strategy is proposed.In the proposed strategy,the twin players are designed to be second-order integrators,based on which a distributed control law is provided so as to find the Nash equilibrium under DoS attacks.Moreover,adaptive control laws and sliding mode control laws are synthesized for the actual players such that they can track the twin players under unknown input dead-zones.Theoretical investigations show that the proposed strategy is effective to drive the actions of actual players to the Nash equilibrium under the given conditions.A numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.展开更多
Objective and fair scholar evaluation promotes academic engagement and ensures proper allocation of research resources.However,current evaluation methods face challenges such as insufficient consideration of disciplin...Objective and fair scholar evaluation promotes academic engagement and ensures proper allocation of research resources.However,current evaluation methods face challenges such as insufficient consideration of disciplinary differences,over-reliance on publication output,neglect of low-cited papers,and limited discriminative power.This paper proposes an improved evaluation metric—the Academic Equilibrium Value index(AEV-index)—based on academic equilibrium value.By incorporating weights for publication and citation tiers and integrating average publication and citation levels within disciplines,the AEV-index aims to offer a more comprehensive and equitable assessment of scholarly performance.Using Scopus data from computer science conference papers(2012-2021)across the subfields of"Network and Information Security","Computer Graphics and Multimedia",and"Artificial Intelligence",we weighted publications and citations to evaluate researchers'academic levels.The research findings indicate that:(i)The AEV-index enhances existing scholar evaluation metrics from multiple perspectives,providing a relatively reasonable and broadly applicable comprehensive evaluation index.(ii)The AEV-index is significantly correlated with traditional scholar evaluation indicators such as total publications,total citations,and the hindex,while also moderating disciplinary differences,thereby facilitating cross-disciplinary comparisons of academic influence.(iii)Additionally,the AEV-index mitigates the negative impact of low publication output,recognizes the value of low-cited but high-quality papers,and offers improved discriminative power,thereby addressing several limitations of existing evaluation metrics.展开更多
While Metaheuristic optimization techniques are known to work well for clustering and large-scale numerical optimization,algorithms in this category suffer from issues like reinforcement stagnation and poor late-stage...While Metaheuristic optimization techniques are known to work well for clustering and large-scale numerical optimization,algorithms in this category suffer from issues like reinforcement stagnation and poor late-stage refinement.In this paper,we propose the Improved Geyser-Inspired Optimization Algorithm(IGIOA),an enhancement of the Geyser-Inspired Optimization Algorithm(GIOA),which integrates two primary components:the Adaptive Turbulence Operator(ATO)and the Dynamic Pressure Equilibrium Operator(DPEO).ATO allows IGIOA to periodically disrupt stagnation and explore different regions by using turbulence,while DPEO ensures refinement in later iterations by adaptively modulating convergence pressure.We implemented IGIOA on 23 benchmark functions with both unimodal and multimodal contours,in addition to eight problems pertaining to cluster analysis at the UCI.IGIOA,out of all the tested methods,was able to converge most accurately while also achieving a stable convergence rate.The mitigation of premature convergence and low-level exploitation was made possible by the turbulence and pressure-based refinements.The findings from the tests confirm that the adaptation of baseline strategies by IGIOA helps deal with complex data distributions more effectively.However,additional hyperparameters which add complexity are introduced,along with increased computational cost.These include automatic tuning of parameters,ensemble or parallel variations,and hybridization with dedicated local search strategies to extend the reach of IGIOA for general optimization while also specializing it for clustering focused tasks and applications.展开更多
The EHL-2(ENN He-Long 2)spherical torus(ST)project focuses on advancing spherical torus technology to address the unique challenges of p-^(11)B fusion,which demands significantly higher ion temperature and heat flux t...The EHL-2(ENN He-Long 2)spherical torus(ST)project focuses on advancing spherical torus technology to address the unique challenges of p-^(11)B fusion,which demands significantly higher ion temperature and heat flux to the divertor plate compared to traditional deuterium-tritium fusion.With a major radius of 1.05 m and a plasma current of 3 MA,the project aims to evaluate and optimize advanced divertor configurations,specifically the Super-X and X-point target(XPT)divertors.The design incorporates an up-down double-null configuration featuring a conventional inner divertor and an XPT outer divertor to effectively reduce the heat flux.The poloidal field(PF)coil system is meticulously optimized to balance engineering constraints with the flexibility in equilibrium configurations.This design is expected to provide a reference equilibrium configuration for other physics design issues and offer critical insight into heat load management.展开更多
This paper investigates nonlinear Landau damping in the 3D Vlasov-Poisson(VP)system.We study the asymptotic stability of the Poisson equilibriumμ(v)=1/π^(2)(1+|v|^(2))^(2) under small perturbations.Building on the f...This paper investigates nonlinear Landau damping in the 3D Vlasov-Poisson(VP)system.We study the asymptotic stability of the Poisson equilibriumμ(v)=1/π^(2)(1+|v|^(2))^(2) under small perturbations.Building on the foundational work of Ionescu,Pausader,Wang and Widmayer[28],we provide a streamlined proof of nonlinear Landau damping for the 3D unscreened VP system.Our analysis leverages sharp decay estimates,novel decomposition techniques to demonstrate the stabilization of the particle distribution and the decay of electric field.These results reveal the free transport-like behavior for the perturbed densityρ(t,x),and enhance the understanding of Landau damping in an unconfined setting near stable equilibria.展开更多
Several results on iterative methods for equilibrium problems have been proposed and studied in the literature.Most of these results are obtained when the associated bifunction of the equilibrium problem is either a m...Several results on iterative methods for equilibrium problems have been proposed and studied in the literature.Most of these results are obtained when the associated bifunction of the equilibrium problem is either a monotone or pseudomonotone operator.Results on iterative methods for equilibrium problems without monotonicity conditions on the bifunction are still few in the literature.In this paper,we study equilibrium problems for which the underlined bifunction is not assumed any form of monotonicity.We propose two weakly convergent iterative algorithms and one strongly convergent algorithm.We obtain our convergence results without assuming either monotonicity or pseudomonotonicity condition on the bifunction.Our proposed algorithms are tested numerically to be more efficient and faster than some few available algorithms for equilibrium problems without monotonicity in the literature.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter studies the distributed Nash equilibrium seeking problem of aggregative game,in which the decision of each player obeys second-order dynamics and is constrained by nonidentical convex sets.To s...Dear Editor,This letter studies the distributed Nash equilibrium seeking problem of aggregative game,in which the decision of each player obeys second-order dynamics and is constrained by nonidentical convex sets.To seek the generalized Nash equilibrium(GNE),a projectionbased distributed algorithm via constant step-sizes is developed with linear convergence.In particular,a variable tracking technique is incorporated to estimate the aggregative function,and an event-triggered mechanism is designed to reduce the communication cost.Finally,a numerical example demonstrates the theoretical results.展开更多
An initialization-improved equilibrium constant method was used for modelling the copper matte smelting process with flash technology.Initial molar amounts of species were calculated by distributing the amounts of giv...An initialization-improved equilibrium constant method was used for modelling the copper matte smelting process with flash technology.Initial molar amounts of species were calculated by distributing the amounts of given elements.The species containing the largest amount of one element was chosen to be the corresponding thermodynamic component.The equilibrium values were derived via the Newton−Raphson method and converted to industrial forecast values using the mechanical entrainment equations.The results indicate that the calculated equilibrium value for copper concentration in the slag is 0.32 wt.%,while the industrial forecast value is 1.03 wt.%,with the industrial value being 1.13 wt.%.The present model required only 31 outer loops to derive the approximate solution close to the equilibrium value.The iterative path during the computation is considerably reduced and the risk of non-convergence during the computation is decreased.展开更多
As the demand for advanced material design and performance prediction continues to grow,traditional phase-field models are increasingly challenged by limitations in computational efficiency and predictive accuracy,par...As the demand for advanced material design and performance prediction continues to grow,traditional phase-field models are increasingly challenged by limitations in computational efficiency and predictive accuracy,particularly when addressing high-dimensional and complex data in multicomponent systems.To overcome these challenges,this study proposes an innovative model,LSGWO-BP,which integrates an improved Grey Wolf Optimizer(GWO)with a backpropagation neural network(BP)to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of quasi-phase equilibrium predictions within the KKS phase-field framework.Three mapping enhancement strategies were investigated–Circle-Root,Tent-Cosine,and Logistic-Sine mappings-with the Logistic mapping further improved via Sine perturbation to boost global search capability and convergence speed in large-scale,complex data scenarios.Evaluation results demonstrate that the LSGWO-BP model significantly outperforms conventional machine learning approaches in predicting quasi-phase equilibrium,achieving a 14%–28%reduction in mean absolute error(MAE).Substantial improvements were also observed in mean squared error,root mean squared error,and mean absolute percentage error,alongside a 7%–33%increase in the coefficient of determination(R2).Furthermore,the model exhibits strong potential for microstructural simulation applications.Overall,the study confirms the effectiveness of the LSGWO-BP model in materials science,especially in enhancing phase-field modeling efficiency and enabling accurate,intelligent prediction for multicomponent alloy systems,thereby offering robust support for microstructure prediction and control.展开更多
Phase equilibrium modeling using internally consistent thermodynamic dataset and associated activity-composition(a-x)models are very helpful for quantifying P-T evolution for eclogite,which is the basis for decipherin...Phase equilibrium modeling using internally consistent thermodynamic dataset and associated activity-composition(a-x)models are very helpful for quantifying P-T evolution for eclogite,which is the basis for deciphering the geodynamic processes in subduction zones.In this study,we apply different versions of datasets(ds55 and ds62)and associated a-x relations to a wellestablished LT-HP eclogite at Huwan in the classic western Dabie orogen to constrain its P-T evolution.The eclogite comprises garnet+omphacite+amphibole+white mica+epidote+quartz+chlorite+rutile/ilmenite/sphene.Garnet porphyroblasts show mono-variation in the end members(spessartine from 17 mol%to 0,pyrope from 2 mol%to 18 mol%,almandine from 47 mol%to 64mol%and grossular from 35 mol%to 18 mol%)from core to rim.Phase diagrams combined with compositional isopleth thermobarometry show that dataset ds62 and associated a-x relations yield P_(max)of~33 kbar at~560℃,conflicting with our petrological observations and previous studies.On the other hand,phase equilibrium modeling using dataset ds62 and a revised symmetric garnet a-x model irrespective of Fe^(3+)(O)gives P_(max)of~27 kbar at~560℃,consistent with the results using dataset ds55 and associated a-x relations.Therefore,we recommend a symmetric model for garnet involving py,alm,gr and spss,without Fe~(3+)components,instead of the asymmetric garnet a-x relations involving py,alm,gr,spss and kho by White et al.(2014),for calculating phase diagrams for LT-(U)HP eclogite when using dataset ds62.In this study,the defined P-T path is characterized by a segment of the prograde evolution showing a first moderate slope,followed by gentle then steep slopes,representing the thermal structure evolution recorded by slab surface during continental subduction.Our work combined with previous studies conclude that in western Dabie,the Huwan HP eclogite belt to the north and the Hong'an HP eclogite belt to the south belong to the same HP slice overlying the Xinxian UHP slice.展开更多
This paper presents a comprehensive overview of distributed Nash equilibrium(NE)seeking algorithms in non-cooperative games for multiagent systems(MASs),with a distinct emphasis on the dynamic control perspective.It s...This paper presents a comprehensive overview of distributed Nash equilibrium(NE)seeking algorithms in non-cooperative games for multiagent systems(MASs),with a distinct emphasis on the dynamic control perspective.It specifically focuses on the research addressing distributed NE seeking problems in which agents are governed by heterogeneous dynamics.The paper begins by introducing fundamental concepts of general non-cooperative games and the NE,along with definitions of specific game structures such as aggregative games and multi-cluster games.It then systematically reviews existing studies on distributed NE seeking for various classes of MASs from the viewpoint of agent dynamics,including first-order,second-order,high-order,linear,and Euler-Lagrange(EL)systems.Furthermore,the paper highlights practical applications of these theoretical advances in cooperative control scenarios involving autonomous systems with complex dynamics,such as autonomous surface vessels,autonomous aerial vehicles,and other autonomous vehicles.Finally,the paper outlines several promising directions for future research.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272557 and 32072500)the Major Basic Research Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022ZD23 and ZR2024ZD07)+4 种基金the Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan(2024CXGC010908 and 2024LZGCQY009)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(tstp20221117)the Zaozhuang Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project(2023GH12)the Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project of the Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(NKYG-25-21)the"First Class Discipline"Construction Project of Shandong Agricultural University(811).
文摘The apoplast is a critical interface where plants and pathogens engage in biochemical confrontation.Within this shared extracellular space,plant defense responses provoke countermeasures from pathogens.We introduce apoplastic interactive balance(AIB),a framework depicting the dynamic equilibrium that emerges from these interactions.AIB emphasizes that system-level functional stability arises from both balanced and divergent molecular strategies,with transient imbalances driving coevolutionary refinement.These interactions are classified into four modules:metabolites,proteins,small peptides,and extracellular vesicles(EVs).Across these modules,plants and pathogens deploy parallel molecular tactics shaped by adaptive coevolution.This conceptual view provides a foundation for hypothesis generation,comparative analysis among species,and the design of rational immune strategies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22341304,22303100 and 12205270)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2023YFA1008800 and 2020YFA0713601)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDC0180303)。
文摘The equilibrium dynamics and nonlinear rheology of unentangled polymer blends remain inadequately understood,especially regarding the influence of short-chain matrix length N_(S) on the structure and rheological behavior of dispersed long chains.Using molecular dynamics simulations based on the Kremer-Grest model,we systematically explore the N_(S)-dependence of static conformations,equilibrium dynamics,and nonlinear shear responses in unentangled long-chain/short-chain polymer blends.Our results demonstrate a decoupling between the static and dynamic sensitivity to N_(S):while the static chain size,R_g,follows Flory theory with slight swelling at small N_(S) due to incomplete excluded volume screening,the diffusion coefficient,D,and the relaxation time,τ_(0),exhibit a strong,non-monotonic N_(S)-dependence,transitioning from monomeric friction dominance at small N_(S) to collective segmental rearrangement at large N_(S).Additionally,we observe partial decoupling between the viscous and normal stress responses:while the zero-shear viscosity,η,is strongly N_(S)-dependent,the first and second normal stress coefficients,Ψ_(1) and Ψ_(2),collapse onto universal curves when scaled by the dimensionless shear rate,γτ_(0),suggesting a common mechanism of orientation and stretching.Under shear,long chains compress in the vorticity direction λ_(z)~Wi^(-0.2),which reduces collision frequency and contributes to shear thinning,while the scaling of weaker orientation resistance m_(G)~Wi^(0.35)reflects hydrodynamic screening by the short-chain matrix.These findings highlight the limitations of single-chain models and emphasize the necessity of considering N_(S)-dependent matrix dynamics and flow-induced structural changes in understanding the rheology of unentangled polymer blends.
文摘Reaction of the non-substituted/substituted unsymmetric pinene-derived complex[Pt(N^C^N')Cl]with the aryl isocyanide 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide(CNXyl)afforded a mixture of two isomeric species:the ionic complex[Pt(κ^(3)-N^C^N')(CNXyl)]Cl([A]Cl)and the molecular complex[Pt(κ^(2)-N^C^N')(CNXyl)Cl](B).Isomer B was almost the dominating product.The structures of the isomer B derivatives bearing-CF_(3)and-Cl substituents on the pyridine ring of the pinene moiety(5B and 7B,respectively)have been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,revealing a slightly distorted square planar geometry with trans-N_(N^C^N'),CNR configuration(The terminal N atom of theκ^(2)-N^C^N'ligand is trans to the isocyanide ligand CNXyl.).Isomer B is thermodynamically more stable,as confirmed by theoretical calculations.CCDC:2416415,5B;2416414,7B.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173051)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2024CDJCGJ012,2023CDJXY-010)+1 种基金the Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Key Project(CSTB2022TIADCUX0015,CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0162)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M763865)
文摘Dear Editor,This letter addresses the impulse game problem for a general scope of deterministic,multi-player,nonzero-sum differential games wherein all participants adopt impulse controls.Our objective is to formulate this impulse game problem with the modified objective function including interaction costs among the players in a discontinuous fashion,and subsequently,to derive a verification theorem for identifying the feedback Nash equilibrium strategy.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022ZD0119604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62173181,62222308,62221004)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220139)
文摘This paper designs distributed Nash equilibrium seeking strategies for heterogeneous dynamic cyber-physical systems.In particular, we are concerned with parametric uncertainties in the control channel of the players. Moreover, the weights on communication links can be compromised by time-varying uncertainties, which can result from possibly malicious attacks,faults and disturbances. To deal with the unavailability of measurement of optimization errors, an output observer is constructed,based on which adaptive laws are designed to compensate for physical uncertainties. With adaptive laws, a new distributed Nash equilibrium seeking strategy is designed by further integrating consensus protocols and gradient search algorithms.Moreover, to further accommodate compromised communication weights resulting from cyber-uncertainties, the coupling strengths of the consensus module are designed to be adaptive. As a byproduct, the coupling strengths are independent of any global information. With theoretical investigations, it is proven that the proposed strategies are resilient to these uncertainties and players' actions are convergent to the Nash equilibrium. Simulation examples are given to numerically validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373162,U24A20268,624B2055).
文摘Dear Editor,This letter presents a solution to the problem of seeking Nash equilibrium(NE)in a class of non-cooperative games of multi-agent systems(MASs)subject to the input disturbance and the networked communication.To this end,a novel distributed robust predefined-time algorithm is proposed,which ensures the precise convergence of agent states to the NE within a settling time that can be directly determined by adjusting one or more parameters.The proposed algorithm employs an integral sliding mode strategy to effectively reject disturbances.Additionally,a consensus-based estimator is designed to overcome the challenge of limited information availability,where each agent can only access information from its directly connected neighbors,which conflicts with the computation of the cost function that requires information from all agents.Finally,a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the algorithm's effectiveness and performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11971486)。
文摘We consider a single server constant retrial queue,in which a state-dependent service policy is used to control the service rate.Customer arrival follows Poisson process,while service time and retrial time are exponential distributions.Whenever the server is available,it admits the retrial customers into service based on a first-come first-served rule.The service rate adjusts in real-time based on the retrial queue length.An iterative algorithm is proposed to numerically solve the personal optimal problem in the fully observable scenario.Furthermore,we investigate the impact of parameters on the social optimal threshold.The effectiveness of the results is illustrated by two examples.
文摘The paper considers the methodology for a comprehensive analysis of the stability of an open pit-dump system,using limit equilibrium(LEM)and finite element(FEM)methods in the Russian CAE(computer-aided engineering)software Fidesys.It briefly highlights the issues of comparing limit equilibrium methods using the VNIMI(Research Institute of Geomechanics and Mine Surveying-Intersectoral Scientific Center"VNIMI")methodology and a specialized software product with numerical methods.The main focus of this study is to compare the results of the stability analysis in the volumetric model of the open pit-dump system using limit equilibrium and finite element methods in the CAE software Fidesys.It was found that,when modeling the combined operation of an open pit-dump system in complex terrain,both methods should be used,as each has its own advantages.The finite element method,for instance,has certain features that are not present in the calculations using the limit equilibrium approach.As a key scientific contribution,this paper introduces an automation program for calculating the stability of open-pit walls using the limit equilibrium method in CAE Fidesys,which was not previously integrated in the original software.The calculations performed with the use of this newly developed module were compared to those obtained from other widely used software solutions available on the market.The findings demonstrate a remarkable level of convergence in the calculation results for all relevant parameters,including the safety factor,localization,instability type,and deformation.The proposed approach i mproves the accuracy of calculati ons and ensures consistency between the higher stress design zones and the actual deformation and fracture patterns.It also enhances the ability to predict the behavior of rock mass when calculating stability parameters for facilities,both during operation and desi gn.
文摘This paper, an addendum to “Dialectical Thermodynamics’ solution to the conceptual imbroglio that is the reversible path”, this journal, 10, 775-799, was written in response to the requests of several readers to provide further evidence of the said “imbroglio”. The evidence here presented relates to the incompatibility existing between the total-entropy and the Gibbs energy prescriptions for the reversible path. The previously published proof of the negentropic nature of the transformation of heat into work is here included to validate out conclusions about the Gibbs energy perspective.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62222308,62173181,62221004)the Natural Science Foundation and Maojiao Ye of Jiangsu Province(BK20220139).
文摘Dear Editor,This letter addresses the Nash equilibrium seeking problem for games with second-order players subject to unknown input deadzones and denial-of-service(DoS)attacks.By using ideas from the digital twin,a distributed Nash equilibrium seeking strategy is proposed.In the proposed strategy,the twin players are designed to be second-order integrators,based on which a distributed control law is provided so as to find the Nash equilibrium under DoS attacks.Moreover,adaptive control laws and sliding mode control laws are synthesized for the actual players such that they can track the twin players under unknown input dead-zones.Theoretical investigations show that the proposed strategy is effective to drive the actions of actual players to the Nash equilibrium under the given conditions.A numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
基金Supported by National Social Science Found of China(21BTQ012,22BTQ065)Jiangsu Provincial Social Science Fund Project(22TQB002)+1 种基金Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX24_0102)China Scholarship Council Program(202406190114)。
文摘Objective and fair scholar evaluation promotes academic engagement and ensures proper allocation of research resources.However,current evaluation methods face challenges such as insufficient consideration of disciplinary differences,over-reliance on publication output,neglect of low-cited papers,and limited discriminative power.This paper proposes an improved evaluation metric—the Academic Equilibrium Value index(AEV-index)—based on academic equilibrium value.By incorporating weights for publication and citation tiers and integrating average publication and citation levels within disciplines,the AEV-index aims to offer a more comprehensive and equitable assessment of scholarly performance.Using Scopus data from computer science conference papers(2012-2021)across the subfields of"Network and Information Security","Computer Graphics and Multimedia",and"Artificial Intelligence",we weighted publications and citations to evaluate researchers'academic levels.The research findings indicate that:(i)The AEV-index enhances existing scholar evaluation metrics from multiple perspectives,providing a relatively reasonable and broadly applicable comprehensive evaluation index.(ii)The AEV-index is significantly correlated with traditional scholar evaluation indicators such as total publications,total citations,and the hindex,while also moderating disciplinary differences,thereby facilitating cross-disciplinary comparisons of academic influence.(iii)Additionally,the AEV-index mitigates the negative impact of low publication output,recognizes the value of low-cited but high-quality papers,and offers improved discriminative power,thereby addressing several limitations of existing evaluation metrics.
基金King Saud University for funding this work through Researchers Supporting Project number(RSPD2024R697),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabiafinancial support European Union under the REFRESH-Research Excellence For REgion Sustainability and High-tech Industries project number CZ.10.03.01/00/22_/0000048 via the Operational Programme Just Transition.
文摘While Metaheuristic optimization techniques are known to work well for clustering and large-scale numerical optimization,algorithms in this category suffer from issues like reinforcement stagnation and poor late-stage refinement.In this paper,we propose the Improved Geyser-Inspired Optimization Algorithm(IGIOA),an enhancement of the Geyser-Inspired Optimization Algorithm(GIOA),which integrates two primary components:the Adaptive Turbulence Operator(ATO)and the Dynamic Pressure Equilibrium Operator(DPEO).ATO allows IGIOA to periodically disrupt stagnation and explore different regions by using turbulence,while DPEO ensures refinement in later iterations by adaptively modulating convergence pressure.We implemented IGIOA on 23 benchmark functions with both unimodal and multimodal contours,in addition to eight problems pertaining to cluster analysis at the UCI.IGIOA,out of all the tested methods,was able to converge most accurately while also achieving a stable convergence rate.The mitigation of premature convergence and low-level exploitation was made possible by the turbulence and pressure-based refinements.The findings from the tests confirm that the adaptation of baseline strategies by IGIOA helps deal with complex data distributions more effectively.However,additional hyperparameters which add complexity are introduced,along with increased computational cost.These include automatic tuning of parameters,ensemble or parallel variations,and hybridization with dedicated local search strategies to extend the reach of IGIOA for general optimization while also specializing it for clustering focused tasks and applications.
基金supported by the ENN Group and the ENN Energy Research Institute.
文摘The EHL-2(ENN He-Long 2)spherical torus(ST)project focuses on advancing spherical torus technology to address the unique challenges of p-^(11)B fusion,which demands significantly higher ion temperature and heat flux to the divertor plate compared to traditional deuterium-tritium fusion.With a major radius of 1.05 m and a plasma current of 3 MA,the project aims to evaluate and optimize advanced divertor configurations,specifically the Super-X and X-point target(XPT)divertors.The design incorporates an up-down double-null configuration featuring a conventional inner divertor and an XPT outer divertor to effectively reduce the heat flux.The poloidal field(PF)coil system is meticulously optimized to balance engineering constraints with the flexibility in equilibrium configurations.This design is expected to provide a reference equilibrium configuration for other physics design issues and offer critical insight into heat load management.
基金supported by the Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences startup fund+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12050410257,12288201)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1000800)partially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1001500)partially supported by the NSF of China(12288101)。
文摘This paper investigates nonlinear Landau damping in the 3D Vlasov-Poisson(VP)system.We study the asymptotic stability of the Poisson equilibriumμ(v)=1/π^(2)(1+|v|^(2))^(2) under small perturbations.Building on the foundational work of Ionescu,Pausader,Wang and Widmayer[28],we provide a streamlined proof of nonlinear Landau damping for the 3D unscreened VP system.Our analysis leverages sharp decay estimates,novel decomposition techniques to demonstrate the stabilization of the particle distribution and the decay of electric field.These results reveal the free transport-like behavior for the perturbed densityρ(t,x),and enhance the understanding of Landau damping in an unconfined setting near stable equilibria.
文摘Several results on iterative methods for equilibrium problems have been proposed and studied in the literature.Most of these results are obtained when the associated bifunction of the equilibrium problem is either a monotone or pseudomonotone operator.Results on iterative methods for equilibrium problems without monotonicity conditions on the bifunction are still few in the literature.In this paper,we study equilibrium problems for which the underlined bifunction is not assumed any form of monotonicity.We propose two weakly convergent iterative algorithms and one strongly convergent algorithm.We obtain our convergence results without assuming either monotonicity or pseudomonotonicity condition on the bifunction.Our proposed algorithms are tested numerically to be more efficient and faster than some few available algorithms for equilibrium problems without monotonicity in the literature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62473048,61925303,62088101,62273195,U19B2029).
文摘Dear Editor,This letter studies the distributed Nash equilibrium seeking problem of aggregative game,in which the decision of each player obeys second-order dynamics and is constrained by nonidentical convex sets.To seek the generalized Nash equilibrium(GNE),a projectionbased distributed algorithm via constant step-sizes is developed with linear convergence.In particular,a variable tracking technique is incorporated to estimate the aggregative function,and an event-triggered mechanism is designed to reduce the communication cost.Finally,a numerical example demonstrates the theoretical results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.51825403)Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52121004)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(No.2021RC3013)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3901602)the Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province,China(No.21ZD4GD033).
文摘An initialization-improved equilibrium constant method was used for modelling the copper matte smelting process with flash technology.Initial molar amounts of species were calculated by distributing the amounts of given elements.The species containing the largest amount of one element was chosen to be the corresponding thermodynamic component.The equilibrium values were derived via the Newton−Raphson method and converted to industrial forecast values using the mechanical entrainment equations.The results indicate that the calculated equilibrium value for copper concentration in the slag is 0.32 wt.%,while the industrial forecast value is 1.03 wt.%,with the industrial value being 1.13 wt.%.The present model required only 31 outer loops to derive the approximate solution close to the equilibrium value.The iterative path during the computation is considerably reduced and the risk of non-convergence during the computation is decreased.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52161002,51661020 and 11364024)。
文摘As the demand for advanced material design and performance prediction continues to grow,traditional phase-field models are increasingly challenged by limitations in computational efficiency and predictive accuracy,particularly when addressing high-dimensional and complex data in multicomponent systems.To overcome these challenges,this study proposes an innovative model,LSGWO-BP,which integrates an improved Grey Wolf Optimizer(GWO)with a backpropagation neural network(BP)to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of quasi-phase equilibrium predictions within the KKS phase-field framework.Three mapping enhancement strategies were investigated–Circle-Root,Tent-Cosine,and Logistic-Sine mappings-with the Logistic mapping further improved via Sine perturbation to boost global search capability and convergence speed in large-scale,complex data scenarios.Evaluation results demonstrate that the LSGWO-BP model significantly outperforms conventional machine learning approaches in predicting quasi-phase equilibrium,achieving a 14%–28%reduction in mean absolute error(MAE).Substantial improvements were also observed in mean squared error,root mean squared error,and mean absolute percentage error,alongside a 7%–33%increase in the coefficient of determination(R2).Furthermore,the model exhibits strong potential for microstructural simulation applications.Overall,the study confirms the effectiveness of the LSGWO-BP model in materials science,especially in enhancing phase-field modeling efficiency and enabling accurate,intelligent prediction for multicomponent alloy systems,thereby offering robust support for microstructure prediction and control.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41930215)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)。
文摘Phase equilibrium modeling using internally consistent thermodynamic dataset and associated activity-composition(a-x)models are very helpful for quantifying P-T evolution for eclogite,which is the basis for deciphering the geodynamic processes in subduction zones.In this study,we apply different versions of datasets(ds55 and ds62)and associated a-x relations to a wellestablished LT-HP eclogite at Huwan in the classic western Dabie orogen to constrain its P-T evolution.The eclogite comprises garnet+omphacite+amphibole+white mica+epidote+quartz+chlorite+rutile/ilmenite/sphene.Garnet porphyroblasts show mono-variation in the end members(spessartine from 17 mol%to 0,pyrope from 2 mol%to 18 mol%,almandine from 47 mol%to 64mol%and grossular from 35 mol%to 18 mol%)from core to rim.Phase diagrams combined with compositional isopleth thermobarometry show that dataset ds62 and associated a-x relations yield P_(max)of~33 kbar at~560℃,conflicting with our petrological observations and previous studies.On the other hand,phase equilibrium modeling using dataset ds62 and a revised symmetric garnet a-x model irrespective of Fe^(3+)(O)gives P_(max)of~27 kbar at~560℃,consistent with the results using dataset ds55 and associated a-x relations.Therefore,we recommend a symmetric model for garnet involving py,alm,gr and spss,without Fe~(3+)components,instead of the asymmetric garnet a-x relations involving py,alm,gr,spss and kho by White et al.(2014),for calculating phase diagrams for LT-(U)HP eclogite when using dataset ds62.In this study,the defined P-T path is characterized by a segment of the prograde evolution showing a first moderate slope,followed by gentle then steep slopes,representing the thermal structure evolution recorded by slab surface during continental subduction.Our work combined with previous studies conclude that in western Dabie,the Huwan HP eclogite belt to the north and the Hong'an HP eclogite belt to the south belong to the same HP slice overlying the Xinxian UHP slice.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62325304).
文摘This paper presents a comprehensive overview of distributed Nash equilibrium(NE)seeking algorithms in non-cooperative games for multiagent systems(MASs),with a distinct emphasis on the dynamic control perspective.It specifically focuses on the research addressing distributed NE seeking problems in which agents are governed by heterogeneous dynamics.The paper begins by introducing fundamental concepts of general non-cooperative games and the NE,along with definitions of specific game structures such as aggregative games and multi-cluster games.It then systematically reviews existing studies on distributed NE seeking for various classes of MASs from the viewpoint of agent dynamics,including first-order,second-order,high-order,linear,and Euler-Lagrange(EL)systems.Furthermore,the paper highlights practical applications of these theoretical advances in cooperative control scenarios involving autonomous systems with complex dynamics,such as autonomous surface vessels,autonomous aerial vehicles,and other autonomous vehicles.Finally,the paper outlines several promising directions for future research.
