Automated vehicles(AVs)hold great promise for creating a safer,more efficient,more equitable,and more sustainable transportation system.However,the rapid adoption of AVs requires a thorough understanding in their coex...Automated vehicles(AVs)hold great promise for creating a safer,more efficient,more equitable,and more sustainable transportation system.However,the rapid adoption of AVs requires a thorough understanding in their coexistence with the human environment in the current roadway network,particularly with respect to interactions between AVs and non-motorists.Bike Pittsburgh(BikePGH)conducted a 2019 survey to examine nonmotorists’perceptions of AV safety.Using Bayesian network(BN)analysis,the study identified key factors such as safety perception,AV technology knowledge,and real-world interaction experiences that influence non-motorists’overall perception of AV safety using BikePGH survey data.The study also explored several counterfactual scenarios to gain insights into non-motorists’viewpoints on AV safety.Notably,the study found that the differences in the ways of AVs and human-driven vehicles interacted with non-motorists at intersections played a crucial role in shaping survey participants’opinions.By taking into account the key insights identified in this study,policymakers can develop evidence-based strategies to achieve sustainable urban mobility goals while ensuring the safety and wellbeing of all road users,particularly non-motorists.展开更多
Background:The current standard of care for advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)‐positive breast cancer is pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and docetaxel as first‐line therapy.However,with the developm...Background:The current standard of care for advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)‐positive breast cancer is pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and docetaxel as first‐line therapy.However,with the development of newer treatment regimens,there is a lack of evidence regarding which is the optimal treatment strategy.The aim of this network meta‐analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of first‐line regimens for advanced HER2‐positive breast cancer by indirect comparisons.Methods:A systematic review and Bayesian network meta‐analysis were conducted.The PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant articles published through to December 2023.The hazard ratio(HR)and 95%credible interval(CrI)were used to compare progressionfree survival(PFS)between treatments,and the odds ratio and 95%CrI were used to compare the objective response rate(ORR)and safety.Results:Twenty randomized clinical trials that included 15 regimens and 7094 patients were analyzed.Compared with the traditional trastuzumab and docetaxel regimen,PFS was longer on the pyrotinib and trastuzumab plus docetaxel regimen(HR:0.41,95%CrI:0.22–0.75)and the pertuzumab and trastuzumab plus docetaxel regimen(HR:0.65,95%CrI:0.43–0.98).Consistent with the results for PFS,the ORR was better on the pyrotinib and trastuzumab plus docetaxel regimen and the pertuzumab and trastuzumab plus docetaxel regimen than on the traditional trastuzumab and docetaxel regimen.The surface under the cumulative ranking curve indicated that the pyrotinib and trastuzumab plus docetaxel regimen was most likely to rank first in achieving the best PFS and ORR.Comparable results were found for grade≥3 AE rates of≥10%.Conclusions:Our results suggest that the pyrotinib and trastuzumab plus docetaxel regimen is most likely to be the optimal first‐line therapy for patients with HER2‐positive breast cancer.展开更多
文摘Automated vehicles(AVs)hold great promise for creating a safer,more efficient,more equitable,and more sustainable transportation system.However,the rapid adoption of AVs requires a thorough understanding in their coexistence with the human environment in the current roadway network,particularly with respect to interactions between AVs and non-motorists.Bike Pittsburgh(BikePGH)conducted a 2019 survey to examine nonmotorists’perceptions of AV safety.Using Bayesian network(BN)analysis,the study identified key factors such as safety perception,AV technology knowledge,and real-world interaction experiences that influence non-motorists’overall perception of AV safety using BikePGH survey data.The study also explored several counterfactual scenarios to gain insights into non-motorists’viewpoints on AV safety.Notably,the study found that the differences in the ways of AVs and human-driven vehicles interacted with non-motorists at intersections played a crucial role in shaping survey participants’opinions.By taking into account the key insights identified in this study,policymakers can develop evidence-based strategies to achieve sustainable urban mobility goals while ensuring the safety and wellbeing of all road users,particularly non-motorists.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFF1201300National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82230058。
文摘Background:The current standard of care for advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)‐positive breast cancer is pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and docetaxel as first‐line therapy.However,with the development of newer treatment regimens,there is a lack of evidence regarding which is the optimal treatment strategy.The aim of this network meta‐analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of first‐line regimens for advanced HER2‐positive breast cancer by indirect comparisons.Methods:A systematic review and Bayesian network meta‐analysis were conducted.The PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant articles published through to December 2023.The hazard ratio(HR)and 95%credible interval(CrI)were used to compare progressionfree survival(PFS)between treatments,and the odds ratio and 95%CrI were used to compare the objective response rate(ORR)and safety.Results:Twenty randomized clinical trials that included 15 regimens and 7094 patients were analyzed.Compared with the traditional trastuzumab and docetaxel regimen,PFS was longer on the pyrotinib and trastuzumab plus docetaxel regimen(HR:0.41,95%CrI:0.22–0.75)and the pertuzumab and trastuzumab plus docetaxel regimen(HR:0.65,95%CrI:0.43–0.98).Consistent with the results for PFS,the ORR was better on the pyrotinib and trastuzumab plus docetaxel regimen and the pertuzumab and trastuzumab plus docetaxel regimen than on the traditional trastuzumab and docetaxel regimen.The surface under the cumulative ranking curve indicated that the pyrotinib and trastuzumab plus docetaxel regimen was most likely to rank first in achieving the best PFS and ORR.Comparable results were found for grade≥3 AE rates of≥10%.Conclusions:Our results suggest that the pyrotinib and trastuzumab plus docetaxel regimen is most likely to be the optimal first‐line therapy for patients with HER2‐positive breast cancer.
