Introduction
According to the WHO's World Health Report 2003, 1cardiovascular disease was responsible for 16.7 million deaths annually. As a result, it is now the leading cause of death in developed count... Introduction
According to the WHO's World Health Report 2003, 1cardiovascular disease was responsible for 16.7 million deaths annually. As a result, it is now the leading cause of death in developed countries and in many developing countries. Detecting and preventing the progression of coronary artery disease is the target of many pharmaceutical, technological and other scientific programs today. Presently, the main diagnostic tool for evaluating coronary arteries is thc conventional coronary angiogram (CCA).……展开更多
Agricultural development is regarded as the most important foundation of China’s modernisation.According to the Recommendations of the CPC Central Committee for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Econom...Agricultural development is regarded as the most important foundation of China’s modernisation.According to the Recommendations of the CPC Central Committee for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development(2026–2030),issues related to agriculture,rural areas and rural residents should be given top priority.In the coming years,China will promote coordinated urban and rural development,continue to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation,ensure basic modern living conditions in rural areas,and accelerate progress in building a strong agricultural sector.展开更多
AAV-PHP.eB is an artificial adeno-associated virus(AAV)that crosses the blood-brain barrier and targets neurons more efficiently than other AAVs when administered systematically.While AAV-PHP.eB has been used in vario...AAV-PHP.eB is an artificial adeno-associated virus(AAV)that crosses the blood-brain barrier and targets neurons more efficiently than other AAVs when administered systematically.While AAV-PHP.eB has been used in various disease models,its cellular tropism in cerebrovascular diseases remains unclear.In the present study,we aimed to elucidate the tropism of AAV-PHP.eB for different cell types in the brain in a mouse model of ischemic stroke and evaluate its effectiveness in mediating basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)gene therapy.Mice were injected intravenously with AAV-PHP.eB either 14 days prior to(pre-stroke)or 1 day following(post-stroke)transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.Notably,we observed a shift in tropism from neurons to endothelial cells with post-stroke administration of AAV-PHP.eB-mNeonGreen(mNG).This endothelial cell tropism correlated strongly with expression of the endothelial membrane receptor lymphocyte antigen 6 family member A(Ly6A).Furthermore,AAV-PHP.eB-mediated overexpression of bFGF markedly improved neurobehavioral outcomes and promoted long-term neurogenesis and angiogenesis post-ischemic stroke.Our findings underscore the significance of considering potential tropism shifts when utilizing AAV-PHP.eB-mediated gene therapy in neurological diseases and suggest a promising new strategy for bFGF gene therapy in stroke treatment.展开更多
There is so much terminology floating around with this issue that it is hard to make any sense of what it’s all about. That’s why you have to start by understanding what they’re talking about: the "good,"...There is so much terminology floating around with this issue that it is hard to make any sense of what it’s all about. That’s why you have to start by understanding what they’re talking about: the "good," the "bad, " and the ugly. 本文术语遍布,内容艰涩。因此你必须首先了解他们谈的内容:“好的”、“坏的”、还有丑陋的。展开更多
The purpose of this article is to provide an accessible introduction to foundational statistical procedures and present the steps of data analysis to address research questions and meet standards for scientific rigour...The purpose of this article is to provide an accessible introduction to foundational statistical procedures and present the steps of data analysis to address research questions and meet standards for scientific rigour.It is aimed at individuals new to research with less familiarity with statistics,or anyone interested in reviewing basic statistics.After examining a brief overview of foundational statistical techniques,for example,differences between descriptive and inferential statistics,the article illustrates 10 steps in conducting statistical analysis with examples of each.The following are the general steps for statistical analysis:(1)formulate a hypothesis,(2)select an appropriate statistical test,(3)conduct a power analysis,(4)prepare data for analysis,(5)start with descriptive statistics,(6)check assumptions of tests,(7)run the analysis,(8)examine the statistical model,(9)report the results and(10)evaluate threats to validity of the statistical analysis.Researchers in family medicine and community health can follow specific steps to ensure a systematic and rigorous analysis.展开更多
The selection of an appropriate basic detonation wave flow field is crucial for improving the performance and geometric design of standing detonation vehicles.This paper employs a detailed chemical reaction model and ...The selection of an appropriate basic detonation wave flow field is crucial for improving the performance and geometric design of standing detonation vehicles.This paper employs a detailed chemical reaction model and solves the unsteady axisymmetric Euler equation to study the characteristics of the Axisymmetric Inward Turning Curved Detonation Wave(AIT-CDW)flow field and the parameters affecting the stability of the wave system structure of AIT-CDW flow field.The numerical results demonstrate a radial compression effect in the AIT-CDW flow field.This effect causes the detonation wave to have a shorter initiation length than oblique detonation wave flow field and the detonation wave angle to gradually increase with the flow direction postdetonation.The AIT-CDW flow field is confined space,making it prone to normal detonation waves when the detonation wave reflects from the wall.This phenomenon is detrimental to the stability of the wave system structure in the flow field.It has been observed that increasing the center body radius and decreasing the fuel equivalent ratio can effectively reduce the height of the normal detonation wave or even eliminate it.Additionally,a well-designed generatrix shape of the center body can enhance airflow,reduce choked flow,and promote the stability of the wave structure in the flow field.展开更多
NOx sensors, as a core component of diesel engine exhaust treatment system, play an important role in exhaust emission control, which can accurately and quickly detect the NOx and O2 concentration. It has become a nec...NOx sensors, as a core component of diesel engine exhaust treatment system, play an important role in exhaust emission control, which can accurately and quickly detect the NOx and O2 concentration. It has become a necessary option for the detection of existing exhaust emission standards. At present, there is limited and scattered information on knowledge and test methods of NOx sensors, the research of NOx sensors has become a challenging research topic at home and abroad. Based on these requirements, the article systematically integrates the knowledge of principle and testing methods. First of all, through introducing functional description of NOx sensors and the basic principle of NOx sensors, the relevant scholars can have an overall understanding of the product and master the operation mode of products. Secondly, the current status of performance test bench and methods of NOx sensors were described, which can contribute to having a clear understanding of the development process. After that, a new structure of NOx sensors test bench was purposed, which contains six major units including standard gas source, gas mixing unit, analyzer measurement unit, sensor measurement unit, data processing and display unit, exhaust gas treatment unit. And the test bench was validated. The experimental results show that the test bench has the advantages of high-repeatability, high reliability and low cost. And it can realize automatic detection of multiple target values, which is worthy further promotion. Thereby, the article can contribute to the development of its technology indirectly.展开更多
The wetting behavior of slag–coke is a crucial factor influencing the permeability of the lower part of the blast furnace.However,a systematic understanding of the wetting behavior and underlying mechanisms between t...The wetting behavior of slag–coke is a crucial factor influencing the permeability of the lower part of the blast furnace.However,a systematic understanding of the wetting behavior and underlying mechanisms between titanium-containing slag and tuyere coke remains lacking.The sessile drop method was employed to explore the effects of temperature,binary basicity,FeO,and TiO_(2) contents on the wetting behavior of titanium-containing slag and tuyere coke.The results indicate that increasing the temperature enhances the adhesion and wettability of the droplet,reducing the contact angle.Meanwhile,it accelerates the chemical reactions between slag and coke,leading to faster equilibrium.Conversely,increasing slag basicity elevates the contact angle by inhibiting chemical reactions at the slag–coke interface.This inhibition reduces both contact area and depth,thereby hindering slag droplet spreading on the coke surface.The contact angle decreases as the FeO content in the slag increases.Notably,the increase in TiO_(2) content has a dual effect on slag–coke wettability.Initially,it promotes wetting by reducing surface tension and lowering the contact angle.While the TiO_(2) content exceeds 20 wt.%,Ti(C,N)forms a barrier layer at the slag–coke interface,hindering the contact between slag and coke and resulting in an increased contact angle.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)and their risk factors are exerting an increasingly significant impact on public health,and the incidence rate of CVD continues to rise.This article provides an interpretation of essentials...Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)and their risk factors are exerting an increasingly significant impact on public health,and the incidence rate of CVD continues to rise.This article provides an interpretation of essentials from the newly published Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China(2024),aiming to offer scientific evidence for CVD prevention,treatment,and the formulation of relevant policies.展开更多
During the continuous casting process of high-Mn high-Al steels,various types of gases such as Ar need to escape through the top of the mold.In which,the behavior of bubbles traversing the liquid slag serves as a rest...During the continuous casting process of high-Mn high-Al steels,various types of gases such as Ar need to escape through the top of the mold.In which,the behavior of bubbles traversing the liquid slag serves as a restrictive link,closely associated with viscosity and the thickness of liquid slag.In contrast to two-dimensional surface observation,three-dimensional(3D)analysis method can offer a more intuitive,accurate,and comprehensive information.Therefore,this study employs a 3D X-ray microscope(3D-XRM)to obtained spatial distribution and 3D morphological characteristics of residual bubbles in mold flux under different basicity of liquid slag,different temperatures,and different holding times.The results indicate that as basicity of slag increases from 0.52 to 1.03,temperature increases from 1423 to 1573 K,the viscosity of slag decreases,the floating rate of bubbles increases.In addition,when holding time increases from 10 to 30 s,the bubbles floating distance increases,and the volume fraction and average equivalent sphere diameter of the bubbles solidified in the mold flux gradually decreases.In one word,increasing the basicity,temperature,and holding time leading to an increase in the removal rate of bubbles especially for the large.These findings of bubbles escape behavior provide valuable insights into optimizing low basicity mold flux for high-Mn high-Al steels.展开更多
文摘 Introduction
According to the WHO's World Health Report 2003, 1cardiovascular disease was responsible for 16.7 million deaths annually. As a result, it is now the leading cause of death in developed countries and in many developing countries. Detecting and preventing the progression of coronary artery disease is the target of many pharmaceutical, technological and other scientific programs today. Presently, the main diagnostic tool for evaluating coronary arteries is thc conventional coronary angiogram (CCA).……
文摘Agricultural development is regarded as the most important foundation of China’s modernisation.According to the Recommendations of the CPC Central Committee for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development(2026–2030),issues related to agriculture,rural areas and rural residents should be given top priority.In the coming years,China will promote coordinated urban and rural development,continue to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation,ensure basic modern living conditions in rural areas,and accelerate progress in building a strong agricultural sector.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81870921(to YW),81974179(to ZZ),82271320(to ZZ),82071284(to YT)National Key R&D Program of China,No.2022YFA1603600(to ZZ),2019YFA0112000(to YT)+1 种基金Scientific Research and Innovation Program of Shanghai Education Commission,No.2019-01-07-00-02-E00064(to GYY)Scientific and Technological Innovation Act Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.20JC1411900(to GYY).
文摘AAV-PHP.eB is an artificial adeno-associated virus(AAV)that crosses the blood-brain barrier and targets neurons more efficiently than other AAVs when administered systematically.While AAV-PHP.eB has been used in various disease models,its cellular tropism in cerebrovascular diseases remains unclear.In the present study,we aimed to elucidate the tropism of AAV-PHP.eB for different cell types in the brain in a mouse model of ischemic stroke and evaluate its effectiveness in mediating basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)gene therapy.Mice were injected intravenously with AAV-PHP.eB either 14 days prior to(pre-stroke)or 1 day following(post-stroke)transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.Notably,we observed a shift in tropism from neurons to endothelial cells with post-stroke administration of AAV-PHP.eB-mNeonGreen(mNG).This endothelial cell tropism correlated strongly with expression of the endothelial membrane receptor lymphocyte antigen 6 family member A(Ly6A).Furthermore,AAV-PHP.eB-mediated overexpression of bFGF markedly improved neurobehavioral outcomes and promoted long-term neurogenesis and angiogenesis post-ischemic stroke.Our findings underscore the significance of considering potential tropism shifts when utilizing AAV-PHP.eB-mediated gene therapy in neurological diseases and suggest a promising new strategy for bFGF gene therapy in stroke treatment.
文摘There is so much terminology floating around with this issue that it is hard to make any sense of what it’s all about. That’s why you have to start by understanding what they’re talking about: the "good," the "bad, " and the ugly. 本文术语遍布,内容艰涩。因此你必须首先了解他们谈的内容:“好的”、“坏的”、还有丑陋的。
基金funded by the National Institutes of Health(10.13039/100000002)and grant number 1K01LM012739.
文摘The purpose of this article is to provide an accessible introduction to foundational statistical procedures and present the steps of data analysis to address research questions and meet standards for scientific rigour.It is aimed at individuals new to research with less familiarity with statistics,or anyone interested in reviewing basic statistics.After examining a brief overview of foundational statistical techniques,for example,differences between descriptive and inferential statistics,the article illustrates 10 steps in conducting statistical analysis with examples of each.The following are the general steps for statistical analysis:(1)formulate a hypothesis,(2)select an appropriate statistical test,(3)conduct a power analysis,(4)prepare data for analysis,(5)start with descriptive statistics,(6)check assumptions of tests,(7)run the analysis,(8)examine the statistical model,(9)report the results and(10)evaluate threats to validity of the statistical analysis.Researchers in family medicine and community health can follow specific steps to ensure a systematic and rigorous analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A2069,62376234 and 123B2037)the Advanced Aero-Power Innovation Workstation,China(No.HKCX2024-01-017)。
文摘The selection of an appropriate basic detonation wave flow field is crucial for improving the performance and geometric design of standing detonation vehicles.This paper employs a detailed chemical reaction model and solves the unsteady axisymmetric Euler equation to study the characteristics of the Axisymmetric Inward Turning Curved Detonation Wave(AIT-CDW)flow field and the parameters affecting the stability of the wave system structure of AIT-CDW flow field.The numerical results demonstrate a radial compression effect in the AIT-CDW flow field.This effect causes the detonation wave to have a shorter initiation length than oblique detonation wave flow field and the detonation wave angle to gradually increase with the flow direction postdetonation.The AIT-CDW flow field is confined space,making it prone to normal detonation waves when the detonation wave reflects from the wall.This phenomenon is detrimental to the stability of the wave system structure in the flow field.It has been observed that increasing the center body radius and decreasing the fuel equivalent ratio can effectively reduce the height of the normal detonation wave or even eliminate it.Additionally,a well-designed generatrix shape of the center body can enhance airflow,reduce choked flow,and promote the stability of the wave structure in the flow field.
文摘NOx sensors, as a core component of diesel engine exhaust treatment system, play an important role in exhaust emission control, which can accurately and quickly detect the NOx and O2 concentration. It has become a necessary option for the detection of existing exhaust emission standards. At present, there is limited and scattered information on knowledge and test methods of NOx sensors, the research of NOx sensors has become a challenging research topic at home and abroad. Based on these requirements, the article systematically integrates the knowledge of principle and testing methods. First of all, through introducing functional description of NOx sensors and the basic principle of NOx sensors, the relevant scholars can have an overall understanding of the product and master the operation mode of products. Secondly, the current status of performance test bench and methods of NOx sensors were described, which can contribute to having a clear understanding of the development process. After that, a new structure of NOx sensors test bench was purposed, which contains six major units including standard gas source, gas mixing unit, analyzer measurement unit, sensor measurement unit, data processing and display unit, exhaust gas treatment unit. And the test bench was validated. The experimental results show that the test bench has the advantages of high-repeatability, high reliability and low cost. And it can realize automatic detection of multiple target values, which is worthy further promotion. Thereby, the article can contribute to the development of its technology indirectly.
基金supported by the Postdoctor Project of Hubei Province(2024HBBHCXA074)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51974212)+2 种基金China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation(BWLCF202116)Foundation of Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking(NPISlab25-03)Science and Technology Major Project of Wuhan(2023020302020572).
文摘The wetting behavior of slag–coke is a crucial factor influencing the permeability of the lower part of the blast furnace.However,a systematic understanding of the wetting behavior and underlying mechanisms between titanium-containing slag and tuyere coke remains lacking.The sessile drop method was employed to explore the effects of temperature,binary basicity,FeO,and TiO_(2) contents on the wetting behavior of titanium-containing slag and tuyere coke.The results indicate that increasing the temperature enhances the adhesion and wettability of the droplet,reducing the contact angle.Meanwhile,it accelerates the chemical reactions between slag and coke,leading to faster equilibrium.Conversely,increasing slag basicity elevates the contact angle by inhibiting chemical reactions at the slag–coke interface.This inhibition reduces both contact area and depth,thereby hindering slag droplet spreading on the coke surface.The contact angle decreases as the FeO content in the slag increases.Notably,the increase in TiO_(2) content has a dual effect on slag–coke wettability.Initially,it promotes wetting by reducing surface tension and lowering the contact angle.While the TiO_(2) content exceeds 20 wt.%,Ti(C,N)forms a barrier layer at the slag–coke interface,hindering the contact between slag and coke and resulting in an increased contact angle.
文摘Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)and their risk factors are exerting an increasingly significant impact on public health,and the incidence rate of CVD continues to rise.This article provides an interpretation of essentials from the newly published Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China(2024),aiming to offer scientific evidence for CVD prevention,treatment,and the formulation of relevant policies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52274315 and 52374320)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.FRF-TP-22-011A1 and FRF-DF22-16)。
文摘During the continuous casting process of high-Mn high-Al steels,various types of gases such as Ar need to escape through the top of the mold.In which,the behavior of bubbles traversing the liquid slag serves as a restrictive link,closely associated with viscosity and the thickness of liquid slag.In contrast to two-dimensional surface observation,three-dimensional(3D)analysis method can offer a more intuitive,accurate,and comprehensive information.Therefore,this study employs a 3D X-ray microscope(3D-XRM)to obtained spatial distribution and 3D morphological characteristics of residual bubbles in mold flux under different basicity of liquid slag,different temperatures,and different holding times.The results indicate that as basicity of slag increases from 0.52 to 1.03,temperature increases from 1423 to 1573 K,the viscosity of slag decreases,the floating rate of bubbles increases.In addition,when holding time increases from 10 to 30 s,the bubbles floating distance increases,and the volume fraction and average equivalent sphere diameter of the bubbles solidified in the mold flux gradually decreases.In one word,increasing the basicity,temperature,and holding time leading to an increase in the removal rate of bubbles especially for the large.These findings of bubbles escape behavior provide valuable insights into optimizing low basicity mold flux for high-Mn high-Al steels.
