Worldwide,the dietary deficiency of zinc(Zn)is prevailing in almost all arid and semi-arid regions.Zinc deficiency is not only the major constraint of lower yield,but also dietary Zn deficiency in cereals grains may c...Worldwide,the dietary deficiency of zinc(Zn)is prevailing in almost all arid and semi-arid regions.Zinc deficiency is not only the major constraint of lower yield,but also dietary Zn deficiency in cereals grains may cause increasing malnutrition and chronic health problems in human.Exogenous application of Zn through basal soil nutrition might be a useful option to recover Zn deficiency in mung bean.Therefore,field study was conducted to optimize the optimum level and method of Zn nutrition to enhance crop yield and Zn biofortification of mung bean through basal application.Zinc was applied at 0,5,10 and 15 kg/ha as basal application and side dressing,and in combination(50%basal application+50%side dressing).The results highlighted that Zn nutrition prominently improved the mung bean yield as compared with control(no Zn applied).The maximum grains yield and Zn concentration in grains were obtained where Zn was applied at 15 kg/ha as basal application as compared with all other combinations.Better improvement in grain yield was due to significant increase in more number of pods and grain size owing to well-developed root system,improved leaf area index and high chlorophyll contents in mung beans leaves.Amongst all applied Zn nutrition’s the basal application of Zn(15 kg/ha)was a viable option to get higher yield and Zn biofortification of mung bean.展开更多
Excessive nitrogen(N) fertilization with a high basal N ratio in wheat can result in lower N use efficiency(NUE) and has led to environmental problems in the Yangtze River Basin, China. However, wheat requires less N ...Excessive nitrogen(N) fertilization with a high basal N ratio in wheat can result in lower N use efficiency(NUE) and has led to environmental problems in the Yangtze River Basin, China. However, wheat requires less N fertilizer at seedling growth stage, and its basal N fertilizer utilization efficiency is relatively low; therefore, reducing the N application rate at the seedling stage and postponing the N fertilization period may be effective for reducing N application and increasing wheat yield and NUE. A 4-year field experiment was conducted with two cultivars under four N rates(240 kg N ha–1(N240), 180 kg N ha–1(N180), 150 kg N ha–1(N150), and 0 kg N ha–1(N0)) and three basal N application stages(seeding(L0), fourleaf stage(L4), and six-leaf stage(L6)) to investigate the effects of reducing the basal N application rate and postponing the basal N fertilization period on grain yield, NUE, and N balance in a soil-wheat system. There was no significant difference in grain yield between the N180 L4 and N240 L0(control) treatments, and the maximum N recovery efficiency and N agronomy efficiency were observed in the N180 L4 treatment. Grain yield and NUE were the highest in the L4 treatment. The leaf area index, flag leaf photosynthesis rate, flag leaf nitrate reductase and glutamine synthase activities, dry matter accumulation, and N uptake post-jointing under N180 L4 did not differ significantly from those under N240 L0. Reduced N application decreased the inorganic N content in the 0–60-cm soil layer, and the inorganic N content of the L6 treatment was higher than those of the L0 and L4 treatments at the same N level. Surplus N was low under the reduced N rates and delayed basal N application treatments. Therefore, postponing and reducing basal N fertilization could maintain a high yield and improve NUE by improving the photosynthetic production capacity, promoting N uptake and assimilation, and reducing surplus N in soil-wheat systems.展开更多
Boron,one of the essential trace elements for normal growth and development of tobacco,has a great impact on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The objective of this study is to explore the best pattern and ...Boron,one of the essential trace elements for normal growth and development of tobacco,has a great impact on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The objective of this study is to explore the best pattern and level of boron fertilizer supply of red soil in the Honghe tobacco area. In this study,the randomized block design was used to study different boron fertilizer supply methods and levels. The results showed that during transplanting,it was good to apply 1. 50 kg/ha Fertibor boron with pure boron content≥15%; at the resettling stage,it was good to spray 225 kg solution composed of 75 m L/ha Compo liquid boron with pure boron content≥130 g/L mixed with water onto leaves when night fell in a sunny day. The two fertilization methods had better effect than the basal application of boron fertilizer,and the resistance to pests and diseases or economic character of tobacco plants was better than under spraying treatment.展开更多
The need to maintain high rice yields and improve fertilizer nitrogen(N)-use efficiency has fueled the use of tools such as leaf colour chart(LCC) and chlorophyll meter(SPAD meter) in managing fertilizer N based on co...The need to maintain high rice yields and improve fertilizer nitrogen(N)-use efficiency has fueled the use of tools such as leaf colour chart(LCC) and chlorophyll meter(SPAD meter) in managing fertilizer N based on colour of the leaf. Field experiments were conducted during 2011 to 2013 at Ludhiana, India to assess the need for basal N application and to establish critical threshold values of leaf greenness as measured by LCC and SPAD meter for formulating strategies for in-season management of fertilizer N in dry direct-seeded rice(DDSR). Avoiding application of N at sowing did not adversely affect rice grain yield, indicating that basal N application in DDSR was not necessary and might lead to reduced N-use efficiency. Monitoring N uptake rate during the growing season of DDSR suggested that N uptake rate peaked at the two growth stages: maximum tillering(42 to 56 days after sowing(DAS))and panicle initiation stages(70 to 84 DAS). Using the Cate-Nelson procedure, critical LCC and SPAD meter values for fertilizer N application worked out to be 4 and 37, respectively. Real-time fertilizer N management strategy based on applying 30 kg N ha-1whenever SPAD meter or LCC readings fell below the critical values maintained optimum rice yields along with higher N-use efficiency than that observed by following blanket recommendation for fertilizer N in the region. The fixed-time variable-dose strategy consisted of applying prescriptive doses of 20 kg N ha-1at 14 DAS and 30 kg N ha-1at 28 DAS and corrective doses of 30, 40 or 50 kg N ha-1at 49 and 70 DAS depending upon LCC shade to be ≥ 4, 4–3.5, or < 3.5 and SPAD meter readings to be ≥ 40, 40–35, or< 35, respectively. This strategy also resulted in optimal rice yield along with higher N-use efficiency as compared to the blanket recommendation. This study revealed that in DDSR, fertilizer N could be managed more efficiently using the tools of LCC and SPAD meter than the current blanket recommendation.展开更多
文摘Worldwide,the dietary deficiency of zinc(Zn)is prevailing in almost all arid and semi-arid regions.Zinc deficiency is not only the major constraint of lower yield,but also dietary Zn deficiency in cereals grains may cause increasing malnutrition and chronic health problems in human.Exogenous application of Zn through basal soil nutrition might be a useful option to recover Zn deficiency in mung bean.Therefore,field study was conducted to optimize the optimum level and method of Zn nutrition to enhance crop yield and Zn biofortification of mung bean through basal application.Zinc was applied at 0,5,10 and 15 kg/ha as basal application and side dressing,and in combination(50%basal application+50%side dressing).The results highlighted that Zn nutrition prominently improved the mung bean yield as compared with control(no Zn applied).The maximum grains yield and Zn concentration in grains were obtained where Zn was applied at 15 kg/ha as basal application as compared with all other combinations.Better improvement in grain yield was due to significant increase in more number of pods and grain size owing to well-developed root system,improved leaf area index and high chlorophyll contents in mung beans leaves.Amongst all applied Zn nutrition’s the basal application of Zn(15 kg/ha)was a viable option to get higher yield and Zn biofortification of mung bean.
基金financial support from theNational Natural Science Foundation of China (31471443, 31501262)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (KJQN201632)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University
文摘Excessive nitrogen(N) fertilization with a high basal N ratio in wheat can result in lower N use efficiency(NUE) and has led to environmental problems in the Yangtze River Basin, China. However, wheat requires less N fertilizer at seedling growth stage, and its basal N fertilizer utilization efficiency is relatively low; therefore, reducing the N application rate at the seedling stage and postponing the N fertilization period may be effective for reducing N application and increasing wheat yield and NUE. A 4-year field experiment was conducted with two cultivars under four N rates(240 kg N ha–1(N240), 180 kg N ha–1(N180), 150 kg N ha–1(N150), and 0 kg N ha–1(N0)) and three basal N application stages(seeding(L0), fourleaf stage(L4), and six-leaf stage(L6)) to investigate the effects of reducing the basal N application rate and postponing the basal N fertilization period on grain yield, NUE, and N balance in a soil-wheat system. There was no significant difference in grain yield between the N180 L4 and N240 L0(control) treatments, and the maximum N recovery efficiency and N agronomy efficiency were observed in the N180 L4 treatment. Grain yield and NUE were the highest in the L4 treatment. The leaf area index, flag leaf photosynthesis rate, flag leaf nitrate reductase and glutamine synthase activities, dry matter accumulation, and N uptake post-jointing under N180 L4 did not differ significantly from those under N240 L0. Reduced N application decreased the inorganic N content in the 0–60-cm soil layer, and the inorganic N content of the L6 treatment was higher than those of the L0 and L4 treatments at the same N level. Surplus N was low under the reduced N rates and delayed basal N application treatments. Therefore, postponing and reducing basal N fertilization could maintain a high yield and improve NUE by improving the photosynthetic production capacity, promoting N uptake and assimilation, and reducing surplus N in soil-wheat systems.
基金Supported by Yunnan Tobacco Company Program(2015YN192014YN25)
文摘Boron,one of the essential trace elements for normal growth and development of tobacco,has a great impact on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The objective of this study is to explore the best pattern and level of boron fertilizer supply of red soil in the Honghe tobacco area. In this study,the randomized block design was used to study different boron fertilizer supply methods and levels. The results showed that during transplanting,it was good to apply 1. 50 kg/ha Fertibor boron with pure boron content≥15%; at the resettling stage,it was good to spray 225 kg solution composed of 75 m L/ha Compo liquid boron with pure boron content≥130 g/L mixed with water onto leaves when night fell in a sunny day. The two fertilization methods had better effect than the basal application of boron fertilizer,and the resistance to pests and diseases or economic character of tobacco plants was better than under spraying treatment.
基金supported by the Indian Council of Cultural Relations and Egypt Government through the Cultural Exchange Programme
文摘The need to maintain high rice yields and improve fertilizer nitrogen(N)-use efficiency has fueled the use of tools such as leaf colour chart(LCC) and chlorophyll meter(SPAD meter) in managing fertilizer N based on colour of the leaf. Field experiments were conducted during 2011 to 2013 at Ludhiana, India to assess the need for basal N application and to establish critical threshold values of leaf greenness as measured by LCC and SPAD meter for formulating strategies for in-season management of fertilizer N in dry direct-seeded rice(DDSR). Avoiding application of N at sowing did not adversely affect rice grain yield, indicating that basal N application in DDSR was not necessary and might lead to reduced N-use efficiency. Monitoring N uptake rate during the growing season of DDSR suggested that N uptake rate peaked at the two growth stages: maximum tillering(42 to 56 days after sowing(DAS))and panicle initiation stages(70 to 84 DAS). Using the Cate-Nelson procedure, critical LCC and SPAD meter values for fertilizer N application worked out to be 4 and 37, respectively. Real-time fertilizer N management strategy based on applying 30 kg N ha-1whenever SPAD meter or LCC readings fell below the critical values maintained optimum rice yields along with higher N-use efficiency than that observed by following blanket recommendation for fertilizer N in the region. The fixed-time variable-dose strategy consisted of applying prescriptive doses of 20 kg N ha-1at 14 DAS and 30 kg N ha-1at 28 DAS and corrective doses of 30, 40 or 50 kg N ha-1at 49 and 70 DAS depending upon LCC shade to be ≥ 4, 4–3.5, or < 3.5 and SPAD meter readings to be ≥ 40, 40–35, or< 35, respectively. This strategy also resulted in optimal rice yield along with higher N-use efficiency as compared to the blanket recommendation. This study revealed that in DDSR, fertilizer N could be managed more efficiently using the tools of LCC and SPAD meter than the current blanket recommendation.
