Insect-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutes an essential component of TCM,with the earliest records found in“52 Bingfang”(Prescriptions of fifty-two diseases,which is one of the earliest Chinese medi...Insect-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutes an essential component of TCM,with the earliest records found in“52 Bingfang”(Prescriptions of fifty-two diseases,which is one of the earliest Chinese medical prescriptions).展开更多
Objective:To understand the facilitators and barriers for frail kidney transplant recipients(KTRs)practicing Baduanjin,and to provide a theoretical basis for developing intervention strategies.Subjects and Methods:Sem...Objective:To understand the facilitators and barriers for frail kidney transplant recipients(KTRs)practicing Baduanjin,and to provide a theoretical basis for developing intervention strategies.Subjects and Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 frail KTRs who participated in a 3-month Baduanjin practice.The Colaizzi seven-step analysis method was used to analyze,summarize,and extract themes from the interview data.Results:Two themes were extracted:facilitators and barriers.Facilitators included intrinsic motivation and perceived benefits,while barriers included conflicts with practice time,worsening physical condition,lack of immediate benefits,and difficulty integrating into daily life.Conclusion:The practice of Baduanjin by frail KTRs is influenced by various factors.Healthcare professionals should develop personalized intervention plans that take into account these factors and the needs of the patients.展开更多
Liver transplantation is a vital intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease;however,the Arab world faces significant barriers that hinder access to this life-saving procedure in terms of both practice and ...Liver transplantation is a vital intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease;however,the Arab world faces significant barriers that hinder access to this life-saving procedure in terms of both practice and research.This narrative review explores the multifaceted challenges,including financial constraints,limited healthcare infrastructure,cultural factors,and the prevalence of infectious diseases.In the Arab countries,both culture and religion were found to play major roles in the acceptability of liver transplantation.High rates of misconceptions and financial strain on patients and healthcare systems necessitate more transplantation programs and improved financial coverage and insurance policies.Enhancing healthcare facilities and improving access to innovative technologies through research is essential for optimizing transplantation outcomes,considering that common diseases in the region decrease the donor pool and increase complication risks.Public health initiatives to prevent and control prevalent liver diseases,particularly hepatitis,and to manage infection risk are also critical.Stricter regulations should be enforced in less developed countries in the region along with early screening practices to address inherited blood disorders and infectious diseases.Additionally,targeted research on liver diseases specific to the Arab context is crucial,along with fostering dialogue about cultural,religious,economic,and health-related factors affecting donor and recipient eligibility.By tackling these complex barriers through targeted comprehensive strategies,the Arab world can advance to a more equitable and effective liver transplantation system,ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.展开更多
BACKGROUNDLimited research exists on attitudes and barriers to organ donation in the UnitedArab Emirates, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of public perceptionsand challenges.AIMTo assess the attitudes...BACKGROUNDLimited research exists on attitudes and barriers to organ donation in the UnitedArab Emirates, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of public perceptionsand challenges.AIMTo assess the attitudes and barriers toward organ donation.METHODSA cross-sectional study was adopted and included 607 samples consisting ofstudents, faculty, and staff who were selected from three universities in Ajmanand who had signed consent forms. A validated self-administered questionnairethat included 13 attitudes and 14 barrier items was used as a tool. The reliabilityof the tool was 0.89 (Cronbach's alpha). In the analysis of attitude scores, responseswere rated on a scale from 0 to 4, with 0 representing 'strongly disagree'and 4 representing 'strongly agree' for supportive attitudes towards organdonation. Participants with a total attitude score of 39 or higher indicated agreementor strong agreement with all items, reflecting a generally supportiveattitude toward organ donation. Lower scores suggested that the respondent wasneutral or disagreed with one or more items, indicating a less supportive attitudetoward organ donation. Knowledge about organ donation was assessed by selfadministeredquestionnaire that included 13 items. Analysis was done using SPSSversion 29. χ2 was used to assess associations between variables.RESULTSMost participants were young (≤ 30 years old, 83.7%), female (79.2%), from World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region countries (69.5%), Muslim (82.4%), students (80.6%), single(83.9%), and from a nursing college (33.1%). The majority had no personal or family history of organ donation(93.2% and 93.9%, respectively). Supportive attitudes toward organ donation were significantly associated withreligion (P = 0.003), working status (P = 0.009), university (P = 0.019), and knowledge (P < 0.001). Additionally,those with a personal or family history of organ donation were significantly more supportive (56.8% vs 33.3%, P =0.004). Lack of awareness was the most reported barrier for organ donation (64.1%) followed by being afraid oforgan donation due to medical procedures required (51.9%).CONCLUSIONThe findings suggest that supportive attitudes toward organ donation are influenced by demographic factors,personal experiences, and knowledge levels. Lack of awareness and fear of medical procedures were the mostreported barriers to organ donation. These results highlight the need for targeted educational programs to increaseawareness and promote positive attitudes toward organ donation.展开更多
Background:Community-based first responders face high levels of workplace stressors that can pro-foundly impact their physical and mental health.Mindfulness-based interventions have shown promise in decreasing stress ...Background:Community-based first responders face high levels of workplace stressors that can pro-foundly impact their physical and mental health.Mindfulness-based interventions have shown promise in decreasing stress and increasing psychological resilience;however,implementation is difficult due to unpredictability of the job,department culture,and generational preferences.The objective of this qualitative study was to identify and enhance understanding of the specific needs and potential barriers and facilitators for the implementation of mindfulness-based programming for community-based first responders.Methods:A phenomenological qualitative study design was used to gain insights into the lived experiences of first responders and elicit perceptions regarding barriers and facilitators for engaging in mindfulness activities.During virtual semi-structured interviews,eleven career firefighters and emergency medical service(EMS)providers offered feedback relative to worksite mindfulness practices,and the use of a stress reduction smartphone application.The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to guide the analysis relative to barriers and facilitators of implementation success and sustainability.Results:First responders expressed openness to mindfulness-based interventions and a smartphone app that would provide stress reduction content,however,they were adamant that programming needed to be accessible and easily integrated into their workday.They also reinforced that organizational culture and leadership support for their health and well-being were overarching factors essential for implementation success.Conclusions:First responders were supportive of evidence-based mindfulness practices,optimally developed and/or facilitated by someone with intimate knowledge of their unique work environments and challenges.Organizational culture and leadership support were essential for implementation success and sustainability.展开更多
This review examines the critical risks,barriers,and success factors in achieving sustainable affordable housing(SAH)by addressing environmental,economic,social and technical dimensions of sustainability.The aim of th...This review examines the critical risks,barriers,and success factors in achieving sustainable affordable housing(SAH)by addressing environmental,economic,social and technical dimensions of sustainability.The aim of this study is to identify different critical risks and barriers to the development of the Sustainable Affordable Housing(SAH)CSF framework.The objectives of this research are to define SAH(Sustainable Affordable Housing)and important factors for achieving SAH and to develop SAH Critical Success Factors(CSFs)frameworks.To achieve these objectives,there are two methods for reviewing and analyzing documents,i.e.,systematic review and bibliographic review.The years of publication are limited to 2014 to 2023 in the English language and restricted to open access.A total of 63 articles were retrieved and screened for relevance identified as directly relevant to our topic using the PRISMA systematic review process.The growth pattern aligns strongly with an exponential growth model,as evidenced by a high R^(2) value of 0.9133 indicating a robust correlation and demonstrating the accelerating interest in the field over the past decade.This comprehensive analysis led to the development of the sustainable affordable housing(SAH)critical success framework,providing a structured approach to understanding and implementing critical factors for sustainable and affordable housing initiatives.The findings emphasize the need for integrated policy reforms,innovative construction technologies,and collaborative stakeholder engagement to advance the SAH agenda.Future research directions include conducting longitudinal studies to assess the long-term impacts of SAH policies,comparative analyses of international best practices,and explorations into emerging construction technologies.展开更多
Dear Editor,Reproductive healthcare and autonomy are integral to overall health,well-being,and human fundamental rights[1].However,for individuals with disabilities,access to reproductive healthcare and their autonomy...Dear Editor,Reproductive healthcare and autonomy are integral to overall health,well-being,and human fundamental rights[1].However,for individuals with disabilities,access to reproductive healthcare and their autonomy is significantly jeopardized due to a combination of parameters[1].Disabled people have to deal with a wide range of social barriers while they decide to access healthcare facilities for reproductive health[2,3].展开更多
After 20 years of rapid development,China's photovoltaic industry has become a leading industry in the international market.In recent years,photovoltaic power,a renewable and clean energy,has attracted global atte...After 20 years of rapid development,China's photovoltaic industry has become a leading industry in the international market.In recent years,photovoltaic power,a renewable and clean energy,has attracted global attention.This paper sorts out the technical barriers to trade related to the photovoltaic industry in Europe and the United States,analyzes the short-term and long-term impact on China,and finally puts forward countermeasures.展开更多
Objectives To investigate the barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainable implementation of evidence-based practice(EBP)for Peristomal Irritant Contact Dermatitis(PICD)based on the Consolidated Framework for...Objectives To investigate the barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainable implementation of evidence-based practice(EBP)for Peristomal Irritant Contact Dermatitis(PICD)based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research(CFIR).Methods The sample consisted of 17 nurses from three urology wards at a tertiary hospital in Beijing,China,who had participated in the EBP.Guided by the CFIR,we identified constructs influencing the sustainability of implementation by conducting a directed content analysis of the 17 individual in-depth interviews.By rating,the valence and magnitude of each construct were determined.Results This study identified 19 factors across the five domains of the CFIR.Among these determinants,16 were identified as barriers,while three were recognized as facilitators.Common barriers across different contexts were identified,such as delayed evidence updating,the complexity of intervention components and steps,and incompatibility between the implementation process and clinical practices.In contrast,facilitators of intervention implementation were regular communication and feedback,support and drive from principals and a positive cultural atmosphere.In addition,we identified“regular evidence updating”as an independent construct outside of the CFIR,a finding that will provide key information for updating the CFIR framework.Conclusions Regular evidence updating is crucial for the sustainability of EBP implementation.Researchers should receive consistent feedback from practitioners and adjust or modify the EBP as necessary.Additionally,researchers must consider the compatibility or adaptability of the EBP’s content with clinical practice in formulating it rather than adding additional complexity to the original workflow.展开更多
With the increasing use of technology in language education,understanding the benefits and barriers of mobile-assisted language learning(MALL)is crucial for effective integration.Qualitative data were collected throug...With the increasing use of technology in language education,understanding the benefits and barriers of mobile-assisted language learning(MALL)is crucial for effective integration.Qualitative data were collected through interviews among Chinese English teachers in universities.Thematic analysis was employed to identify themes.The findings reveal that Chinese English teachers perceive MALL to offer benefits like convenience,effectiveness,efficiency,engagement,personalization,and resource richness.However,several barriers were identified,including low teacher ability,student device misuse,lack of institutional support,technical limitations,health concerns,and time constraints.These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of MALL in Chinese universities and have implications for language teaching practice.展开更多
The anti-inflammatory properties of silkworm pupa peptide(SPP)have been recognized for their potential benefits in colitis treatment.However,the underlying mechanism of SPP in colitis animal models remains unclear.The...The anti-inflammatory properties of silkworm pupa peptide(SPP)have been recognized for their potential benefits in colitis treatment.However,the underlying mechanism of SPP in colitis animal models remains unclear.The objective of our work was to investigate the improving effect and the mechanism of action of SPP on a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.The findings suggested that SPP effectively eased ulcerative colitis(UC)symptoms in mice by decreasing disease activity index,ameliorating histopathological injury,and decreasing serum and colonic markers of inflammation.In addition,our research findings demonstrated that SPP restored intestinal barrier function by increasing the production of tight junction proteins such as zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),claudin-1,claudin-3,occludin,and adherens junction protein E-cadherin1.Further,SPP supplementation enhanced the concentration of short-chain fatty acids and positively altered the makeup of the gut bacteria in the mice's gut.These findings underscore SPP's ability to slow the progression of colitis and point to its possible use as a functional component in dietary supplements for the prevention of early-stage colitis.展开更多
Global warming has led to the frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events(ECEs)in the ecologically frag ile Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Rural households face strong barriers in adaption,and food production is seriously ...Global warming has led to the frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events(ECEs)in the ecologically frag ile Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Rural households face strong barriers in adaption,and food production is seriously threatened.Current methods for increasing household adaptability take a holistic point of view,but do not ac curately identify groups experiencing different adaptive barriers.To better identify different barriers,this paper examines natural,economic,cognitive,and technical barriers.A total of 17 indicators were selected to com prehensively evaluate the degree of barriers to crops adaptation in response to ECEs.Key factors were further analyzed to identify paths to break down the barriers.The results showed the following.(1)Natural barriers were present at the highest degree,economic barriers appear to be smallest,and the overall barriers were bi ased towards the lower quartile.10.82%of the households with the highest barriers.(2)67.38%of households report taking adaptive measures in crops production.The increase of the barriers leads to an increase and then a decrease in the possibility of adaptive behavior.(3)Addressing technical barriers is key to rapidly increasing household adaptive behavior in response to ECEs.The study provides recommendations for local governments to improve household adaptation behavior from two perspectives:short-term and long-term optimization path ways.This study can help governments quickly locate households with different classes of barriers,and propose more targeted adaptation policies.The ultimate goal is to ensure the sustainability of crops production and the well-being of households in northeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.展开更多
Research Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition in children that significantly impacts physical health and quality of life. Adherence to treatment regimens is crucial for effective...Research Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition in children that significantly impacts physical health and quality of life. Adherence to treatment regimens is crucial for effective disease management but is often hindered by various psychosocial and socioeconomic barriers. Parental mental health issues, family dynamics, financial constraints, and limited access to specialized care contribute to inconsistent treatment adherence, exacerbating the condition. Purpose/Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the multifaceted barriers to treatment adherence in children with AD and evaluate the effectiveness of current interventions targeting these challenges. The study seeks to identify strategies that can improve adherence and health outcomes by addressing psychosocial and socioeconomic factors. Method: The method involves a comprehensive review of existing literature on the impact of psychosocial and socioeconomic factors on treatment adherence in children with AD. The study also examines various interventions designed to address these barriers, including community support programs, family-centered interventions, financial aid, integrated care models, and telehealth solutions. Results: Results indicate that psychosocial barriers, such as parental anxiety and depression, significantly hinder effective disease management. Family dynamics, including poor communication and single-parent households, complicate adherence efforts. Socioeconomic factors, such as financial constraints and limited healthcare access, further impede adherence. Interventions that address these barriers show promise in improving treatment adherence and health outcomes. Community support programs and family-centered interventions enhance parental mental health and family communication. Financial aid programs and integrated care models help mitigate economic and logistical challenges. Telehealth solutions improve access to specialized care, particularly in underserved areas. Conclusion: The study concludes that a holistic approach integrating medical treatment with psychosocial and socioeconomic support is essential for managing pediatric AD effectively. Policy recommendations include increased funding for community support programs, expanded telehealth services, and the integration of social services with medical care. Addressing these barriers comprehensively can enhance treatment adherence and improve the quality of life for children with AD. Further research should focus on long-term outcomes and diverse populations to refine these interventions and ensure they meet the needs of all affected children.展开更多
The clay–sand barriers in Minqin desert area,China,represent a pioneering windbreak and sand fixation project with a venerable history of 60 a.However,studies on evaluating the long-term effectiveness of clay–sand b...The clay–sand barriers in Minqin desert area,China,represent a pioneering windbreak and sand fixation project with a venerable history of 60 a.However,studies on evaluating the long-term effectiveness of clay–sand barriers against aeolian erosion,particularly from the perspective of surface sediment grain size,are limited and thus insufficient to ascertain the protective impact of these barriers on regional aeolian activities.This study focused on the surface sediments(topsoil of 0–3 cm depth)of clay–sand barriers in Minqin desert area to explain their erosion resistance from the perspective of surface sediment grain size.In March 2023,six clay–sand barrier sampling plots with clay–sand barriers of different deployment durations(1,5,10,20,40,and 60 a)were selected as experimental plots,and one control sampling plot was set in an adjacent mobile sandy area without sand barriers.Surface sediment samples were collected from the topsoil of each sampling plot in the study area in April 2023 and sediment grain size characteristics were analyzed.Results indicated a predominance of fine and medium sands in the surface sediments of the study area.The deployment of clay–sand barriers cultivated a fine quality in grain size composition of the regional surface sediments,increasing the average contents of very fine sand,silt,and clay by 30.82%,417.38%,and 381.52%,respectively.This trend became markedly pronounced a decade after the deployment of clay–sand barriers.The effectiveness of clay–sand barriers in erosion resistance was manifested through reduced wind velocity,the interception of sand flow,and the promotion of fine surface sediment particles.Coarser particles such as medium,coarse,and very coarse sands predominantly accumulated on the external side of the barriers,while finer particles such as fine and very fine sands concentrated in the upwind(northwest)region of the barriers.By contrast,the contents of finest particles such as silt and clay were higher in the downwind(southeast)region of the sampling plots.For the study area,the deployment of clay–sand barriers remains one of the most cost-effective engineering solutions for aeolian erosion control,with sediment grain size parameters serving as quantitative indicators for the assessment of these barriers in combating desertification.The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the construction of windbreak and sand fixation systems and the optimization of artificial sand control projects in arid desert areas.展开更多
Rockfall risk is often mitigated and managed by employing defensive structures to catch falling blocks(i.e.,passive works).Due to the widely spread nature of rockfall,the presence of such defensive structures is a com...Rockfall risk is often mitigated and managed by employing defensive structures to catch falling blocks(i.e.,passive works).Due to the widely spread nature of rockfall,the presence of such defensive structures is a common sight,especially in mountain areas.The most common passive defensive structures are rockfall flexible barriers,due to their significant flexibility and cost-effectiveness.The protective performance of said structures,though,can be severely reduced by prolonged exposure to weathering agents,vegetation growth,and rockfall impacts:these issues must be addressed by performing maintenance.With a view to optimizing the maintenance procedure,the need arises for a tool capable of providing useful information regarding the condition of existing rockfall barriers,in the simplest yet most complete and comprehensive way possible.The present work provides such a tool,alongside the required instruments for it to function properly.Basically,it consists of a survey spreadsheet to be used to collect raw data based on visual inspection of the barriers,coupled with the methodology to score their conditions and to produce a database with which to manage and plan their maintenance.An application to a suitable case study in the Central Italian Alps,featuring a number of barriers in different conditions,is then presented,and its results are discussed.展开更多
Objective:To assess the perspectives and barriers towards dengue preventive practices among the residents of Puducherry,India.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 300 households in Puducherry,using a popu...Objective:To assess the perspectives and barriers towards dengue preventive practices among the residents of Puducherry,India.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 300 households in Puducherry,using a population-proportionate(7:3)distribution from urban and rural areas by grid sampling.One adult interview per household was conducted and the participants were selected using a KISH grid.A semi-structured questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model(HBM)with additional questions on knowledge assessment was used.Knowledge was assessed based on the correctness of answers and the HBM scores were calculated on a 5-point Likert scale.Participants were categorized based on the median score under each domain.Logistic regression was used for adjusted analysis and models were built to predict the performances in each domain.Results:Four percent of the participants lacked basic knowledge regarding dengue transmission.While 208(69.3%)participants did not consider themselves at risk of contracting dengue within the next year,majority perceived dengue as a disease with low severity.Around 49.3%(148)were skeptical about the benefit of time and money spent on dengue prevention.Inadequate government efforts were stated as the major barrier(47.0%)and frequent reminders(142,47.3%)as the major cue to action.Age above 50 years(aOR 1.78,95%CI 1.04-3.06,P=0.037)and rural locality(aOR 2.68,95%CI 1.52-4.71,P=0.001)were found to be significantly associated with poor knowledge scores.Urban participants had a significantly higher chance to perceive low susceptibility as compared to the rural counterparts(aOR 1.74,95%CI 1.05-2.9,P=0.03).Participants with less than a high school education had low perceived benefits(aOR 2.46,95%CI 1.52-3.96,P<0.001)and low self-efficacy scores(aOR 2.66,95%CI 1.61-4.39,P<0.001).Conclusions:This study identifies key gaps in dengue prevention,including low perceived susceptibility,mild disease perception,limited knowledge of breeding sites,and overreliance on government efforts.Tailoring interventions to community needs,stratified to factors influencing the community perspectives can significantly improve dengue prevention efforts.展开更多
Photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction to produce high value-added carbon-based fuel has been proposed as a promising approach to mitigate global warming issues.However,the conversion efficiency and product selectivity are st...Photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction to produce high value-added carbon-based fuel has been proposed as a promising approach to mitigate global warming issues.However,the conversion efficiency and product selectivity are still low due to the sluggish dynamics of transfer processes involved in proton-assisted multi-electron reactions.Lowering the formation energy barriers of intermediate products is an effective method to enhance the selectivity and productivity of final products.In this study,we aim to regulate the surface electronic structure of Bi_(2)WO_(6)by doping surface chlorine atoms to achieve effective photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.Surface Cl atoms can enhance the absorption ability of light,affect its energy band structure and promote charge separation.Combined with DFT calculations,it is revealed that surface Cl atoms can not only change the surface charge distribution which affects the competitive adsorption of H_(2)O and CO_(2),but also lower the formation energy barrier of intermediate products to generate more intermediate*COOH,thus facilitating CO production.Overall,this study demonstrates a promising surface halogenation strategy to enhance the photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction activity of a layered structure Bi-based catalyst.展开更多
In sub-Saharan Africa(SSA),63%of new human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections in 2021 were among women,particularly adolescent girls,and young women.There is a high incidence of HIV among pregnant and lactating wom...In sub-Saharan Africa(SSA),63%of new human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections in 2021 were among women,particularly adolescent girls,and young women.There is a high incidence of HIV among pregnant and lactating women(PLW)in SSA.It is estimated that the risk of HIV-acquisition during pregnancy and the postpartum period more than doubles.In this article,we discuss the safety and effectiveness of drugs used for oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP),considerations for initiating PrEP in PLW,the barriers to initiating and adhering to PrEP among them and suggest recommendations to address these barriers.Tenofovir/emtricitabine,the most widely used combination in SSA,is safe,clinically effective,and cost-effective among PLW.Any PLW who requests PrEP and has no medical contraindications should receive it.PrEP users who are pregnant or lactating may experience barriers to starting and adhering for a variety of reasons,including personal,pill-related,and healthcare facility-related issues.To address the barriers,we recommend an increased provision of information on PrEP to the women and the communities,increasing and/or facilitating access to PrEP among the PLW,and developing strategies to increase adherence.展开更多
This paper summarizes the work held at the Cancéropôle Ile-de-France's annual SHS research seminar on the theme:Pluridisciplinarity and methods for SHS research in thefield of cancer.After clarifying the...This paper summarizes the work held at the Cancéropôle Ile-de-France's annual SHS research seminar on the theme:Pluridisciplinarity and methods for SHS research in thefield of cancer.After clarifying the concepts of pluri-,inter-,and transdisciplinarité,it aimed to describe how this type of research is carried out in practice,addressing successively:the role of stakeholders and their respective positions,the need for a shared language,the various temporalities involved and task sharing,the interview and analysis methods as well as the implication of patient-researchers.It highlighted the personal qualities required to practice this type of research,such as psychologicalflexibility and adaptability,a strong desire for collaborative work,acceptance of risk,and a humble stance.展开更多
In 2023,Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine awarded the mRNA vaccine technology.The synthetic vaccine prepared by encapsu-lating the modified mRNA within cationic lipid nanocarriers signif-icantly reduces the risk of d...In 2023,Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine awarded the mRNA vaccine technology.The synthetic vaccine prepared by encapsu-lating the modified mRNA within cationic lipid nanocarriers signif-icantly reduces the risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).In 2024,Kavli Prize recognizes the pioneering work of integrating engineered nanocarriers with biological functions for biomedical applications.The development of nanomedicine has changed the ways we approach the fundamental understand-ing,diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of diseases.These suc-cessful cases brought great excitement to the field of nanomedicine;however,many challenges still remain.In particular,it is critical to optimize nanocarriers to improve delivery effi-ciency and selectivity as well as reduce toxic side effects.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82222068,82070423,82270348,and 82173779)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Pro-gram of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China(Grant No:ZYYCXTD-D-202206)+1 种基金Fujian Province Science and Technology Project,China(Grant Nos.:2021J01420479,2021J02058,2022J011374,and 2022J02057)Fundamental Research Funds for the Chinese Central Universities,China(Grant No.:20720230070).
文摘Insect-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutes an essential component of TCM,with the earliest records found in“52 Bingfang”(Prescriptions of fifty-two diseases,which is one of the earliest Chinese medical prescriptions).
基金funded by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072553)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022-JYB-JBZR-026).
文摘Objective:To understand the facilitators and barriers for frail kidney transplant recipients(KTRs)practicing Baduanjin,and to provide a theoretical basis for developing intervention strategies.Subjects and Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 frail KTRs who participated in a 3-month Baduanjin practice.The Colaizzi seven-step analysis method was used to analyze,summarize,and extract themes from the interview data.Results:Two themes were extracted:facilitators and barriers.Facilitators included intrinsic motivation and perceived benefits,while barriers included conflicts with practice time,worsening physical condition,lack of immediate benefits,and difficulty integrating into daily life.Conclusion:The practice of Baduanjin by frail KTRs is influenced by various factors.Healthcare professionals should develop personalized intervention plans that take into account these factors and the needs of the patients.
文摘Liver transplantation is a vital intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease;however,the Arab world faces significant barriers that hinder access to this life-saving procedure in terms of both practice and research.This narrative review explores the multifaceted challenges,including financial constraints,limited healthcare infrastructure,cultural factors,and the prevalence of infectious diseases.In the Arab countries,both culture and religion were found to play major roles in the acceptability of liver transplantation.High rates of misconceptions and financial strain on patients and healthcare systems necessitate more transplantation programs and improved financial coverage and insurance policies.Enhancing healthcare facilities and improving access to innovative technologies through research is essential for optimizing transplantation outcomes,considering that common diseases in the region decrease the donor pool and increase complication risks.Public health initiatives to prevent and control prevalent liver diseases,particularly hepatitis,and to manage infection risk are also critical.Stricter regulations should be enforced in less developed countries in the region along with early screening practices to address inherited blood disorders and infectious diseases.Additionally,targeted research on liver diseases specific to the Arab context is crucial,along with fostering dialogue about cultural,religious,economic,and health-related factors affecting donor and recipient eligibility.By tackling these complex barriers through targeted comprehensive strategies,the Arab world can advance to a more equitable and effective liver transplantation system,ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
文摘BACKGROUNDLimited research exists on attitudes and barriers to organ donation in the UnitedArab Emirates, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of public perceptionsand challenges.AIMTo assess the attitudes and barriers toward organ donation.METHODSA cross-sectional study was adopted and included 607 samples consisting ofstudents, faculty, and staff who were selected from three universities in Ajmanand who had signed consent forms. A validated self-administered questionnairethat included 13 attitudes and 14 barrier items was used as a tool. The reliabilityof the tool was 0.89 (Cronbach's alpha). In the analysis of attitude scores, responseswere rated on a scale from 0 to 4, with 0 representing 'strongly disagree'and 4 representing 'strongly agree' for supportive attitudes towards organdonation. Participants with a total attitude score of 39 or higher indicated agreementor strong agreement with all items, reflecting a generally supportiveattitude toward organ donation. Lower scores suggested that the respondent wasneutral or disagreed with one or more items, indicating a less supportive attitudetoward organ donation. Knowledge about organ donation was assessed by selfadministeredquestionnaire that included 13 items. Analysis was done using SPSSversion 29. χ2 was used to assess associations between variables.RESULTSMost participants were young (≤ 30 years old, 83.7%), female (79.2%), from World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region countries (69.5%), Muslim (82.4%), students (80.6%), single(83.9%), and from a nursing college (33.1%). The majority had no personal or family history of organ donation(93.2% and 93.9%, respectively). Supportive attitudes toward organ donation were significantly associated withreligion (P = 0.003), working status (P = 0.009), university (P = 0.019), and knowledge (P < 0.001). Additionally,those with a personal or family history of organ donation were significantly more supportive (56.8% vs 33.3%, P =0.004). Lack of awareness was the most reported barrier for organ donation (64.1%) followed by being afraid oforgan donation due to medical procedures required (51.9%).CONCLUSIONThe findings suggest that supportive attitudes toward organ donation are influenced by demographic factors,personal experiences, and knowledge levels. Lack of awareness and fear of medical procedures were the mostreported barriers to organ donation. These results highlight the need for targeted educational programs to increaseawareness and promote positive attitudes toward organ donation.
文摘Background:Community-based first responders face high levels of workplace stressors that can pro-foundly impact their physical and mental health.Mindfulness-based interventions have shown promise in decreasing stress and increasing psychological resilience;however,implementation is difficult due to unpredictability of the job,department culture,and generational preferences.The objective of this qualitative study was to identify and enhance understanding of the specific needs and potential barriers and facilitators for the implementation of mindfulness-based programming for community-based first responders.Methods:A phenomenological qualitative study design was used to gain insights into the lived experiences of first responders and elicit perceptions regarding barriers and facilitators for engaging in mindfulness activities.During virtual semi-structured interviews,eleven career firefighters and emergency medical service(EMS)providers offered feedback relative to worksite mindfulness practices,and the use of a stress reduction smartphone application.The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to guide the analysis relative to barriers and facilitators of implementation success and sustainability.Results:First responders expressed openness to mindfulness-based interventions and a smartphone app that would provide stress reduction content,however,they were adamant that programming needed to be accessible and easily integrated into their workday.They also reinforced that organizational culture and leadership support for their health and well-being were overarching factors essential for implementation success.Conclusions:First responders were supportive of evidence-based mindfulness practices,optimally developed and/or facilitated by someone with intimate knowledge of their unique work environments and challenges.Organizational culture and leadership support were essential for implementation success and sustainability.
文摘This review examines the critical risks,barriers,and success factors in achieving sustainable affordable housing(SAH)by addressing environmental,economic,social and technical dimensions of sustainability.The aim of this study is to identify different critical risks and barriers to the development of the Sustainable Affordable Housing(SAH)CSF framework.The objectives of this research are to define SAH(Sustainable Affordable Housing)and important factors for achieving SAH and to develop SAH Critical Success Factors(CSFs)frameworks.To achieve these objectives,there are two methods for reviewing and analyzing documents,i.e.,systematic review and bibliographic review.The years of publication are limited to 2014 to 2023 in the English language and restricted to open access.A total of 63 articles were retrieved and screened for relevance identified as directly relevant to our topic using the PRISMA systematic review process.The growth pattern aligns strongly with an exponential growth model,as evidenced by a high R^(2) value of 0.9133 indicating a robust correlation and demonstrating the accelerating interest in the field over the past decade.This comprehensive analysis led to the development of the sustainable affordable housing(SAH)critical success framework,providing a structured approach to understanding and implementing critical factors for sustainable and affordable housing initiatives.The findings emphasize the need for integrated policy reforms,innovative construction technologies,and collaborative stakeholder engagement to advance the SAH agenda.Future research directions include conducting longitudinal studies to assess the long-term impacts of SAH policies,comparative analyses of international best practices,and explorations into emerging construction technologies.
文摘Dear Editor,Reproductive healthcare and autonomy are integral to overall health,well-being,and human fundamental rights[1].However,for individuals with disabilities,access to reproductive healthcare and their autonomy is significantly jeopardized due to a combination of parameters[1].Disabled people have to deal with a wide range of social barriers while they decide to access healthcare facilities for reproductive health[2,3].
文摘After 20 years of rapid development,China's photovoltaic industry has become a leading industry in the international market.In recent years,photovoltaic power,a renewable and clean energy,has attracted global attention.This paper sorts out the technical barriers to trade related to the photovoltaic industry in Europe and the United States,analyzes the short-term and long-term impact on China,and finally puts forward countermeasures.
基金supported by the Peking University Nursing Discipline Research Development Fund(No.TYZH2023001)。
文摘Objectives To investigate the barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainable implementation of evidence-based practice(EBP)for Peristomal Irritant Contact Dermatitis(PICD)based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research(CFIR).Methods The sample consisted of 17 nurses from three urology wards at a tertiary hospital in Beijing,China,who had participated in the EBP.Guided by the CFIR,we identified constructs influencing the sustainability of implementation by conducting a directed content analysis of the 17 individual in-depth interviews.By rating,the valence and magnitude of each construct were determined.Results This study identified 19 factors across the five domains of the CFIR.Among these determinants,16 were identified as barriers,while three were recognized as facilitators.Common barriers across different contexts were identified,such as delayed evidence updating,the complexity of intervention components and steps,and incompatibility between the implementation process and clinical practices.In contrast,facilitators of intervention implementation were regular communication and feedback,support and drive from principals and a positive cultural atmosphere.In addition,we identified“regular evidence updating”as an independent construct outside of the CFIR,a finding that will provide key information for updating the CFIR framework.Conclusions Regular evidence updating is crucial for the sustainability of EBP implementation.Researchers should receive consistent feedback from practitioners and adjust or modify the EBP as necessary.Additionally,researchers must consider the compatibility or adaptability of the EBP’s content with clinical practice in formulating it rather than adding additional complexity to the original workflow.
文摘With the increasing use of technology in language education,understanding the benefits and barriers of mobile-assisted language learning(MALL)is crucial for effective integration.Qualitative data were collected through interviews among Chinese English teachers in universities.Thematic analysis was employed to identify themes.The findings reveal that Chinese English teachers perceive MALL to offer benefits like convenience,effectiveness,efficiency,engagement,personalization,and resource richness.However,several barriers were identified,including low teacher ability,student device misuse,lack of institutional support,technical limitations,health concerns,and time constraints.These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of MALL in Chinese universities and have implications for language teaching practice.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1103802)。
文摘The anti-inflammatory properties of silkworm pupa peptide(SPP)have been recognized for their potential benefits in colitis treatment.However,the underlying mechanism of SPP in colitis animal models remains unclear.The objective of our work was to investigate the improving effect and the mechanism of action of SPP on a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.The findings suggested that SPP effectively eased ulcerative colitis(UC)symptoms in mice by decreasing disease activity index,ameliorating histopathological injury,and decreasing serum and colonic markers of inflammation.In addition,our research findings demonstrated that SPP restored intestinal barrier function by increasing the production of tight junction proteins such as zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),claudin-1,claudin-3,occludin,and adherens junction protein E-cadherin1.Further,SPP supplementation enhanced the concentration of short-chain fatty acids and positively altered the makeup of the gut bacteria in the mice's gut.These findings underscore SPP's ability to slow the progression of colitis and point to its possible use as a functional component in dietary supplements for the prevention of early-stage colitis.
基金supported by the Second Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau(Grant No.2019QZKK0405-05)method-ological support from the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72033005)is also appreciated greatly.
文摘Global warming has led to the frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events(ECEs)in the ecologically frag ile Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Rural households face strong barriers in adaption,and food production is seriously threatened.Current methods for increasing household adaptability take a holistic point of view,but do not ac curately identify groups experiencing different adaptive barriers.To better identify different barriers,this paper examines natural,economic,cognitive,and technical barriers.A total of 17 indicators were selected to com prehensively evaluate the degree of barriers to crops adaptation in response to ECEs.Key factors were further analyzed to identify paths to break down the barriers.The results showed the following.(1)Natural barriers were present at the highest degree,economic barriers appear to be smallest,and the overall barriers were bi ased towards the lower quartile.10.82%of the households with the highest barriers.(2)67.38%of households report taking adaptive measures in crops production.The increase of the barriers leads to an increase and then a decrease in the possibility of adaptive behavior.(3)Addressing technical barriers is key to rapidly increasing household adaptive behavior in response to ECEs.The study provides recommendations for local governments to improve household adaptation behavior from two perspectives:short-term and long-term optimization path ways.This study can help governments quickly locate households with different classes of barriers,and propose more targeted adaptation policies.The ultimate goal is to ensure the sustainability of crops production and the well-being of households in northeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
文摘Research Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition in children that significantly impacts physical health and quality of life. Adherence to treatment regimens is crucial for effective disease management but is often hindered by various psychosocial and socioeconomic barriers. Parental mental health issues, family dynamics, financial constraints, and limited access to specialized care contribute to inconsistent treatment adherence, exacerbating the condition. Purpose/Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the multifaceted barriers to treatment adherence in children with AD and evaluate the effectiveness of current interventions targeting these challenges. The study seeks to identify strategies that can improve adherence and health outcomes by addressing psychosocial and socioeconomic factors. Method: The method involves a comprehensive review of existing literature on the impact of psychosocial and socioeconomic factors on treatment adherence in children with AD. The study also examines various interventions designed to address these barriers, including community support programs, family-centered interventions, financial aid, integrated care models, and telehealth solutions. Results: Results indicate that psychosocial barriers, such as parental anxiety and depression, significantly hinder effective disease management. Family dynamics, including poor communication and single-parent households, complicate adherence efforts. Socioeconomic factors, such as financial constraints and limited healthcare access, further impede adherence. Interventions that address these barriers show promise in improving treatment adherence and health outcomes. Community support programs and family-centered interventions enhance parental mental health and family communication. Financial aid programs and integrated care models help mitigate economic and logistical challenges. Telehealth solutions improve access to specialized care, particularly in underserved areas. Conclusion: The study concludes that a holistic approach integrating medical treatment with psychosocial and socioeconomic support is essential for managing pediatric AD effectively. Policy recommendations include increased funding for community support programs, expanded telehealth services, and the integration of social services with medical care. Addressing these barriers comprehensively can enhance treatment adherence and improve the quality of life for children with AD. Further research should focus on long-term outcomes and diverse populations to refine these interventions and ensure they meet the needs of all affected children.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230720,32160410,42167069)the Gansu Key Research and Development Program(22YF7FA078,GZTZ20240415)Gansu Province Forestry and Grassland Science and Technology Innovation Project(LCCX202303).
文摘The clay–sand barriers in Minqin desert area,China,represent a pioneering windbreak and sand fixation project with a venerable history of 60 a.However,studies on evaluating the long-term effectiveness of clay–sand barriers against aeolian erosion,particularly from the perspective of surface sediment grain size,are limited and thus insufficient to ascertain the protective impact of these barriers on regional aeolian activities.This study focused on the surface sediments(topsoil of 0–3 cm depth)of clay–sand barriers in Minqin desert area to explain their erosion resistance from the perspective of surface sediment grain size.In March 2023,six clay–sand barrier sampling plots with clay–sand barriers of different deployment durations(1,5,10,20,40,and 60 a)were selected as experimental plots,and one control sampling plot was set in an adjacent mobile sandy area without sand barriers.Surface sediment samples were collected from the topsoil of each sampling plot in the study area in April 2023 and sediment grain size characteristics were analyzed.Results indicated a predominance of fine and medium sands in the surface sediments of the study area.The deployment of clay–sand barriers cultivated a fine quality in grain size composition of the regional surface sediments,increasing the average contents of very fine sand,silt,and clay by 30.82%,417.38%,and 381.52%,respectively.This trend became markedly pronounced a decade after the deployment of clay–sand barriers.The effectiveness of clay–sand barriers in erosion resistance was manifested through reduced wind velocity,the interception of sand flow,and the promotion of fine surface sediment particles.Coarser particles such as medium,coarse,and very coarse sands predominantly accumulated on the external side of the barriers,while finer particles such as fine and very fine sands concentrated in the upwind(northwest)region of the barriers.By contrast,the contents of finest particles such as silt and clay were higher in the downwind(southeast)region of the sampling plots.For the study area,the deployment of clay–sand barriers remains one of the most cost-effective engineering solutions for aeolian erosion control,with sediment grain size parameters serving as quantitative indicators for the assessment of these barriers in combating desertification.The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the construction of windbreak and sand fixation systems and the optimization of artificial sand control projects in arid desert areas.
文摘Rockfall risk is often mitigated and managed by employing defensive structures to catch falling blocks(i.e.,passive works).Due to the widely spread nature of rockfall,the presence of such defensive structures is a common sight,especially in mountain areas.The most common passive defensive structures are rockfall flexible barriers,due to their significant flexibility and cost-effectiveness.The protective performance of said structures,though,can be severely reduced by prolonged exposure to weathering agents,vegetation growth,and rockfall impacts:these issues must be addressed by performing maintenance.With a view to optimizing the maintenance procedure,the need arises for a tool capable of providing useful information regarding the condition of existing rockfall barriers,in the simplest yet most complete and comprehensive way possible.The present work provides such a tool,alongside the required instruments for it to function properly.Basically,it consists of a survey spreadsheet to be used to collect raw data based on visual inspection of the barriers,coupled with the methodology to score their conditions and to produce a database with which to manage and plan their maintenance.An application to a suitable case study in the Central Italian Alps,featuring a number of barriers in different conditions,is then presented,and its results are discussed.
基金This work was supported intramurally by Student thesis funding for Masters in public Health Entomology(2022)from the Indian Council of Medical Research-Vector Control Research Centre,Puducherry.
文摘Objective:To assess the perspectives and barriers towards dengue preventive practices among the residents of Puducherry,India.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 300 households in Puducherry,using a population-proportionate(7:3)distribution from urban and rural areas by grid sampling.One adult interview per household was conducted and the participants were selected using a KISH grid.A semi-structured questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model(HBM)with additional questions on knowledge assessment was used.Knowledge was assessed based on the correctness of answers and the HBM scores were calculated on a 5-point Likert scale.Participants were categorized based on the median score under each domain.Logistic regression was used for adjusted analysis and models were built to predict the performances in each domain.Results:Four percent of the participants lacked basic knowledge regarding dengue transmission.While 208(69.3%)participants did not consider themselves at risk of contracting dengue within the next year,majority perceived dengue as a disease with low severity.Around 49.3%(148)were skeptical about the benefit of time and money spent on dengue prevention.Inadequate government efforts were stated as the major barrier(47.0%)and frequent reminders(142,47.3%)as the major cue to action.Age above 50 years(aOR 1.78,95%CI 1.04-3.06,P=0.037)and rural locality(aOR 2.68,95%CI 1.52-4.71,P=0.001)were found to be significantly associated with poor knowledge scores.Urban participants had a significantly higher chance to perceive low susceptibility as compared to the rural counterparts(aOR 1.74,95%CI 1.05-2.9,P=0.03).Participants with less than a high school education had low perceived benefits(aOR 2.46,95%CI 1.52-3.96,P<0.001)and low self-efficacy scores(aOR 2.66,95%CI 1.61-4.39,P<0.001).Conclusions:This study identifies key gaps in dengue prevention,including low perceived susceptibility,mild disease perception,limited knowledge of breeding sites,and overreliance on government efforts.Tailoring interventions to community needs,stratified to factors influencing the community perspectives can significantly improve dengue prevention efforts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51708078)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0815)+2 种基金Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KJQN202200542)the Chongqing Innovative Research Group Project(Grant No.CXQT21015)Foundation of Chongqing Normal University(22XLB022).
文摘Photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction to produce high value-added carbon-based fuel has been proposed as a promising approach to mitigate global warming issues.However,the conversion efficiency and product selectivity are still low due to the sluggish dynamics of transfer processes involved in proton-assisted multi-electron reactions.Lowering the formation energy barriers of intermediate products is an effective method to enhance the selectivity and productivity of final products.In this study,we aim to regulate the surface electronic structure of Bi_(2)WO_(6)by doping surface chlorine atoms to achieve effective photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.Surface Cl atoms can enhance the absorption ability of light,affect its energy band structure and promote charge separation.Combined with DFT calculations,it is revealed that surface Cl atoms can not only change the surface charge distribution which affects the competitive adsorption of H_(2)O and CO_(2),but also lower the formation energy barrier of intermediate products to generate more intermediate*COOH,thus facilitating CO production.Overall,this study demonstrates a promising surface halogenation strategy to enhance the photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction activity of a layered structure Bi-based catalyst.
文摘In sub-Saharan Africa(SSA),63%of new human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections in 2021 were among women,particularly adolescent girls,and young women.There is a high incidence of HIV among pregnant and lactating women(PLW)in SSA.It is estimated that the risk of HIV-acquisition during pregnancy and the postpartum period more than doubles.In this article,we discuss the safety and effectiveness of drugs used for oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP),considerations for initiating PrEP in PLW,the barriers to initiating and adhering to PrEP among them and suggest recommendations to address these barriers.Tenofovir/emtricitabine,the most widely used combination in SSA,is safe,clinically effective,and cost-effective among PLW.Any PLW who requests PrEP and has no medical contraindications should receive it.PrEP users who are pregnant or lactating may experience barriers to starting and adhering for a variety of reasons,including personal,pill-related,and healthcare facility-related issues.To address the barriers,we recommend an increased provision of information on PrEP to the women and the communities,increasing and/or facilitating access to PrEP among the PLW,and developing strategies to increase adherence.
文摘This paper summarizes the work held at the Cancéropôle Ile-de-France's annual SHS research seminar on the theme:Pluridisciplinarity and methods for SHS research in thefield of cancer.After clarifying the concepts of pluri-,inter-,and transdisciplinarité,it aimed to describe how this type of research is carried out in practice,addressing successively:the role of stakeholders and their respective positions,the need for a shared language,the various temporalities involved and task sharing,the interview and analysis methods as well as the implication of patient-researchers.It highlighted the personal qualities required to practice this type of research,such as psychologicalflexibility and adaptability,a strong desire for collaborative work,acceptance of risk,and a humble stance.
文摘In 2023,Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine awarded the mRNA vaccine technology.The synthetic vaccine prepared by encapsu-lating the modified mRNA within cationic lipid nanocarriers signif-icantly reduces the risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).In 2024,Kavli Prize recognizes the pioneering work of integrating engineered nanocarriers with biological functions for biomedical applications.The development of nanomedicine has changed the ways we approach the fundamental understand-ing,diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of diseases.These suc-cessful cases brought great excitement to the field of nanomedicine;however,many challenges still remain.In particular,it is critical to optimize nanocarriers to improve delivery effi-ciency and selectivity as well as reduce toxic side effects.
