Nujiang farmers use the innovative dryland rice cultivation technology developed by a Chinese expert team to grow yields and income.As April ushers in spring,mist clings to the deep valleys of the Nujiang Grand Canyon...Nujiang farmers use the innovative dryland rice cultivation technology developed by a Chinese expert team to grow yields and income.As April ushers in spring,mist clings to the deep valleys of the Nujiang Grand Canyon in Southwest China’s Yunnan Province.High on a mountainside in Ziji Village,Daxingdi Town,Lushui City,Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture,at an altitude exceeding 1,300 metres,62-year-old Lisu villager Cha Wenxing is planting rice.These demonstration plots,cultivating high-quality upland rice,seem to float amongst the clouds.展开更多
Agricultural land development is a pivotal strategy for addressing the global food security crisis.Barren grassland,especially those in mountainous regions,constitutes critical areas where cultivation can substantiall...Agricultural land development is a pivotal strategy for addressing the global food security crisis.Barren grassland,especially those in mountainous regions,constitutes critical areas where cultivation can substantially enhance land resources.This study highlights the necessity for a precise correlation between land development initiatives and constraints in order to optimize efficiency and enhance the effectiveness of such projects,with the core being the seamless integration of land development engineering and techniques to eliminate agricultural constraints.This study employs a systems engineering approach to classify improvement factors into mobile and fixed categories,elucidating the integration methods of constraint factors.Adhering to the Wooden Barrel Principle,these constraints were rigorously analyzed based on soil quality,land topography,water availability,and agricultural infrastructure.An innovative method of engineering type combination is proposed,which effectively explains the correlation between natural factors combination,project type combination,and target factors combination.It provides a convenient way for the selection of barren grassland development projects and lays a foundation for land planning,development project establishment,program selection,engineering design,and budget preparation.Taking Tang County of China as an example,it is divided into 19 factor improvement areas,a quick reference table of engineering types is established,and 14 main types of engineering combinations are obtained,which lays a foundation for the application of theoretical framework in practice.展开更多
Porphyry-skarn deposits are genetically associated with multistage intrusive complexes.However,their ore fertility varies markedly,as exemplified by the coexistence of mineralized and barren intrusions within a single...Porphyry-skarn deposits are genetically associated with multistage intrusive complexes.However,their ore fertility varies markedly,as exemplified by the coexistence of mineralized and barren intrusions within a single pluton.The factors controlling this disparity,particularly whether high oxygen fugacity(fO_(2))and volatile-rich magmas are essential,remain poorly constrained.This study investigates the Fengyan Zn-Pb-Mo deposit in the central Fujian region by comparing geochronological and geochemical features of ore-associated granite porphyry and barren monzogranite.SIMS zircon U-Pb dating reveals the mineralized intrusion crystallized at 142.5±1.6 Ma,significantly later than the barren monzogranite(150.3±1.3 Ma).The ore-associated porphyry exhibits higher magma temperatures and sulfur contents,yet lower fO_(2)and water content relative to the barren monzogranite.Hf-O isotopes reveal greater mantle input in the ore-related granite porphyry(ε_(Hf)(t)=-11.5 to-7.5;δ^(18)O=6.50‰to 7.11‰)than in the ore-barren monzogranite(ε_(Hf)(t)=-16.0 to-9.5;δ^(18)O=6.81‰to 8.00‰).Furthermore,elevated fO_(2)and volatile-rich conditions are not prerequisites for Zn-Pb-Mo mineralization,implying other factors are key.The barren rock formed during low-angle subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate,whereas the mineralized porphyry originated during slab rollback and lithospheric extension.This study highlights that medium-low fO_(2)(meanΔFMQ+0.39 in granite porphyry vs.+1.80 in monzogranite),volatile-poor magmatic systems in extensional settings can form significant mineralization,offering new insights for exploration in central Fujian and analogous regions.展开更多
Land is the root of rural revitalization, and its core is to reinvigorate land resources through the building up of land capacity. Since the late 1990s, land consolidation efforts have been widely extended to all part...Land is the root of rural revitalization, and its core is to reinvigorate land resources through the building up of land capacity. Since the late 1990s, land consolidation efforts have been widely extended to all parts of China. Land consolidation has served as an essential instrument for reinvigorating stock land, strengthening intensive land use, timely supplementing cultivated land, and promoting agricultural modernization, as well as urban-rural integration. This study uses a typical poor village(Dadao Village) in a state-designated impoverished county(Fuping County, Hebei Province), to analyze the socioeconomic benefits and eco-environmental impacts of land consolidation. With the aid of first-hand data from questionnaire surveys, face-to-face interviews and the visual interpretation of land use and land cover changes(LUCC), we found that: 1) the barren hilly land consolidation(BHLC)helps to promote the transformation of resource-advantages into asset-advantages in poverty-stricken areas. In 2017, 60.16% households in the study area gained the additional transferred-income with an annual average of 2843 yuan, while 19.11% households received the wage-income with an annual average of 9871 yuan. 2) Land consolidation inspires farmers' enthusiasm to participate in village government and helps alleviate rural poverty. From 2014 to 2017, land consolidation has helped 585 poor in the village out of poverty. Meanwhile,by land consolidation, most farmers' attitudes towards land consolidation have shifted from"not caring" to "have great concern," and their identity cognition has gradually changed from being bystanders to becoming decision makers and supervisors. 3) Further analysis demonstrated that land consolidation could not only increase the quantity and quality of arable land,but also have a certain impact on eco-environment. During 2014–2016, the BHLC in the study area transformed 242.12 ha unused barren hilly land and open forest land into well-facilitated arable land, and increased the average arable land by 0.19 ha per capita. Also, the index of land use intensity increased by 27.01% between 2014 and 2016. Farmers' perceptions of environmental awareness have confirmed that such high-intensity LUCC were significant enough to make two-side impacts on eco-environment. We appeal to establish a combined organization and encouragement mechanism of rural land consolidation, to take the full breadth and depth of farmers' participation into consideration, and to formulate more scientific and sustainable land consolidation planning. Also, we put forward some suggestions and notes for the implementation and promotion of BHLC model. These findings can provide beneficial references for those involved in policymaking and planning in the areas of land consolidation and poverty alleviation in China, as well as other developing countries around the world.展开更多
Holly hill and barren hill both exist in karst landform,karst forest is a fragile and low-biomass ecosystem with barren soil and low resilience and resistance capabilities to disturbance.The holly hill is the place wh...Holly hill and barren hill both exist in karst landform,karst forest is a fragile and low-biomass ecosystem with barren soil and low resilience and resistance capabilities to disturbance.The holly hill is the place where the vegetation is well protected by the indigenous people who live nearby based on their beliefs,the barren hill is comprised of rocky karst formations that contain the areas of exposed bedrock due to human disturbance.The study is about comparison of carbon storage of ecosystem in holly hill and barren hill,the carbon stocks of holly hill and barren hill ecosystems were studied through field work,laboratory analysis and statistic at Luocheng,Guangxi,China.The results showed that vegetation,soil and litter carbon storage of holly hill ecosystems were 7.42,5.9 and 1.1 times those of barren hill ecosystems respectively.Carbon storage were 137.06,93.73 t·hm^(-2)at holly hill and barren hill ecosystems respectively,soil carbon storage contributed most in the two ecosystems,and understory and litter contributed less.The comparison of carbon storage of holly hill and barren hill reflects the importance of protecting karst forest,keeping traditional aboriginal culture means a lot for protecting ecological environment and improving carbon sequestration.展开更多
A systematic account of micro-textures and a few compositional profiles of plagioclase from high-alumina basaltic aa lava erupted during the year 1994-1995, from Barren Island Volcano, NE India ocean, are presented fo...A systematic account of micro-textures and a few compositional profiles of plagioclase from high-alumina basaltic aa lava erupted during the year 1994-1995, from Barren Island Volcano, NE India ocean, are presented for the first time. The identified micro-textures can be grouped into two categories： （i） Growth related textures in the form of coarse/fine-sieve morphology, fine-scale oscillatory zoning and resorption surfaces resulted when the equilibrium at the crystal-melt interface was fluctuated due to change in temperature or H20 or pressure or composition of the crystallizing melt; and （ii） morphological texture, like glomerocryst, synneusis, swallow-tailed crystal, microlite and broken crystals, formed by the influence of dynamic behavior of the crystallizing magma （convection, turbulence, degassing, etc.）. Each micro-texture has developed in a specific magmatic environment, accordingly, a first order magma plumbing model and crystallization dynamics are envisaged for the studied lava unit. Magma generated has undergone extensive fractional crystallization of An-rich plagioclase in stable magmatic environment at a deeper depth. Subsequently they ascend to a shallow chamber where the newly brought crystals and pre-existing crystals have undergone dynamic crystallization via dissolution-regrowth processes in a convective self- mixing environment. Such repeated recharge-recycling processes have produced various populations of plagioclase with different micro-textural stratigraphy in the studied lava unit. Intermittent degassing and eruption related decompression have also played a major role in the final stage of crystallization dynamics.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to study the inheritance pattern of ear tip-barrenness trait in maize （Zea mays L.）. Ear tipbarrenness trait in maize can be classified into two types, tip-barren and tip-barrenless. Two inb...The aim of this paper is to study the inheritance pattern of ear tip-barrenness trait in maize （Zea mays L.）. Ear tipbarrenness trait in maize can be classified into two types, tip-barren and tip-barrenless. Two inbred lines, lx01-3 （tipbarrenless type）, wx04-1 （tip-barren type）, and their F1, F2, BC1, BC2 generations were analyzed on their ear tip-barrenness types. Results showed that F1 was tip-barren type; the ratio of tip-barren type versus tip-barrenless type followed a 12.78： 1 ratio in F2 segregation population and a 2.75：1 ratio in BC1. Z2 test indicated that the trait of ear tip-barrenness type followed an inheritance pattern of 2 duplicate dominant genes. SPSS analysis indicated that the trait of ear tip-barrenness length is of abnormal distribution. Above results mean that： （1） The trait of maize ear tip-barrenness type is controlled by 2 duplicate dominant genes; tip-barren type is dominant over tip-barrenless type; （2） the trait of tip-barrenness length is a quantitative character controlled by polygene with major genes expected.展开更多
The addition of biochar(BC)or Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)alone has been reported to promote plant growth,while their synergistic effects on Allium schoenoprasum root morphology and rhizosphere fungal community i...The addition of biochar(BC)or Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)alone has been reported to promote plant growth,while their synergistic effects on Allium schoenoprasum root morphology and rhizosphere fungal community in barren soil is still unclear.In this study,we investigated the effects of BC and AMF(Funneliformis mosseae)on plant growth and root morphology in barren soil and revealed the structure of soil fungal communities Therefore,a greenhouse pot trial consisting of five treatments was enforced.The results showed that the combination of biochar and AMF significantly improved plant biomass,nutrient uptake,mycorrhizal colonization rates and soil properties and significantly impacted rhizosphere fungal community composition and structure.Biochar significantly increased the fungal community stability and enhanced their positive correlation with plants.Our findings indicated that the combination of AMF and biochar play synergic role for plant growth and rhizosphere fungal community in barren soil.展开更多
Increasing the planting density is one way to enhance grain production in maize.However,high planting density brings about growth and developmental defects such as barrenness,which is the major factor limiting grain y...Increasing the planting density is one way to enhance grain production in maize.However,high planting density brings about growth and developmental defects such as barrenness,which is the major factor limiting grain yield.In this study,the barrenness was characterized in an association panel comprising 280 inbred lines under normal(67500 plants ha–1,ND)and high(120000 plants ha–1,HD)planting densities in 2017 and 2018.The population was genotyped using 776254 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers with criteria of minor allele frequency>5%and<20%missing data.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)was conducted for barrenness under ND and HD,as well as the barrenness ratio(HD/ND),by applying a Mixed Linear Model that controls both population structure and relative kinship(Q+K).In total,20 SNPs located in nine genes were significantly(P<6.44×10–8)associated with barrenness under the different planting densities.Among them,seven SNPs for barrenness at ND and HD were located in two genes,four of which were common under both ND and HD.In addition,13 SNPs for the barrenness ratio were located in seven genes.A complementary pathway analysis indicated that the metabolic pathways of amino acids,such as glutamate and arginine,and the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway might play important roles in tolerance to high planting density.These results provide insights into the genetic basis of high planting density tolerance and will facilitate high yield maize breeding.展开更多
Discriminating barren and fertile intrusions is one of the main challenges in the search for rare-element pegmatites.Diagrams comprising more than one element can make discrimination of productive and barren samples m...Discriminating barren and fertile intrusions is one of the main challenges in the search for rare-element pegmatites.Diagrams comprising more than one element can make discrimination of productive and barren samples more valid.These diagrams distinguish samples by simultaneous means of positive and/or negative correlations between variables.A ternary diagram for S-type peraluminous granites has been obtained in this study.Firstly,a database composed of Ta-bearing and barren granitic systems was created,then geochemical behavior of trace elements was studied,and statistical investigations were done using GCDkit software,which resulted in the Ga-(Nb+Ta)-(Nb/Ta)(Zr/Hf)ternary diagram which can distinguish the non-mineralized granites from productive ones.The Ta-bearing samples,which are situated in the fertile field in the diagram,are those which have high Nb and Ta contents,elevated Ga content and the lowest Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf values.展开更多
Dongchuan District of Kunming City has undulating terrain with large fluctuations, fragile ecological environment, low rainfall and high evaporation, coupled with frequent debris flow activities, resulting in very low...Dongchuan District of Kunming City has undulating terrain with large fluctuations, fragile ecological environment, low rainfall and high evaporation, coupled with frequent debris flow activities, resulting in very low forest coverage rate in Dongchuan. In this study, a comprehensive and systematic investigation was carried out to the green planting of barren hills in Dongchuan District from January to June, 2016. The results showed that the major planting tree species in the region with an altitude of less than 1 600 m were Leucaena leucocephala, Cupressus torulosa, L. leucocephala, C. torulosa, Celtis yunnanensis, Melia azedarach , among which L. leucocephala had become of pioneer tree species of afforestation in the Dongchuan dry-hot valley. The major planting tree species at the altitude of 1 600-2 500 m were C. torulosa, Sabina chinensis, Alnus nepalensis, C. yunnanensis, and Pinus armandi , and at the altitude of over 2 500 m, the major tree species were Sabina chinensis, Abies georgei var. smithii, P.densata. Based on the investigation, suggestions were proposed for the existing problems in the greening and planting of Dongchuan barren hills, in order to provide certain theoretical basis for the sustainable development of forestry in Dongchuan.展开更多
Fire is an important ecological factor and what constitutes appropriate fire management is much debated in the US and elsewhere. The role of fire as a source of greenhouse gases has been intensively investigated, but ...Fire is an important ecological factor and what constitutes appropriate fire management is much debated in the US and elsewhere. The role of fire as a source of greenhouse gases has been intensively investigated, but less is known about the production rate of the solid black carbon residue from fires. Black carbon accumulates in soil as it has longer turnover times than plant residues. To understand the significance of black carbon production during wildfire, we quantified black carbon using hydropyrolysis in O and A horizons before and after a prescribed bum at four sites in the New Jersey Pine Barrens forest in the North-Eastern US. Black carbon was found in both O- and A-horizons at all investigated sites, stocks in the range of 61.31-168.15 g m^-2 in the O-horizon and 169.59-425.25 g m^-2 in the A-horizon. Total black carbon stocks did not increase following the fire suggesting that either black carbon production in fires may be small compared to the variability, or that equivalent amounts of black carbon formed in previous fires may have been consumed in the fire. The study raises questions about how black carbon production and consumption in ftres can be quantified separately.展开更多
Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi contribute globally to ecosystem services and play an important role in sustainable crop production.However,it is unclear which factors contribute most to their colonization and communi...Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi contribute globally to ecosystem services and play an important role in sustainable crop production.However,it is unclear which factors contribute most to their colonization and community structure at different sites,particularly in understudied ecosystems.This study investigated the AM fungal communities associated with switchgrass(Panicum virgatum L.)in the understudied acidic and oligotrophic pine barrens ecosystem using next-generation sequencing.Switchgrass was also sampled from agroecosystems,as well as,from a native prairie for comparison.The pine barrens switchgrass harbored a distinct AM fungal community−Acaulospora and Ambispora were almost exclusively found in the pine barrens sites,and some of these species may represent undescribed taxa.Glomus was the most ubiquitous AM fungal genus recovered from all sites.This study suggests differences in the AM fungal community structure under different soil properties and land uses.This is the first sequence-based report of the AM fungal communities in the pine barrens ecosystem.展开更多
The Barren Island volcano in the Western Sunda Arc has displayed explosive Strombolian eruptions for more than two decades.This recent explosive event,together with the historic and prehistoric volcanic landforms,pres...The Barren Island volcano in the Western Sunda Arc has displayed explosive Strombolian eruptions for more than two decades.This recent explosive event,together with the historic and prehistoric volcanic landforms,present reliable information about explosive Strombolian eruptions and the volcanological evolution of the Barren Island volcano.This study is a re-evaluation of existing knowledge and incorporates new information and interpretations of the recent and past volcanic activity on Barren Island.Direct observations of explosive eruptions since 1991 showed discrete events of bursting and ballistic transport of blocks and formation of sustained ash plumes,indicating Strombolian and violent Strombolian eruptions.展开更多
Aims Serpentine barrens of the Mid-Atlantic United States are globally rare,grass-dominated ecosystems thought to exclude C3 spe-cies and characterized by unique soil composition.However,like many grassland ecosystems...Aims Serpentine barrens of the Mid-Atlantic United States are globally rare,grass-dominated ecosystems thought to exclude C3 spe-cies and characterized by unique soil composition.However,like many grassland ecosystems globally,these sites are presently facing encroachment by surrounding forest.In this ecosystem,the tendril climbing vine,Smilax rotundifolia,forms dense thickets around bar-rens that typically precede forest encroachment.While numerous factors speculatively initiate and promote encroachment in these systems,few studies have examined photosynthetic responses of serpentine grasses to changes in resource availability initiated by encroachers or physiological ability of encroaching S.rotundifolia to colonize high-light barren environments.We sought to under-stand both environmental and physiological dynamics of encroach-ment along an irradiance gradient in these systems.Methods At three serpentine barren sites in southeastern Pennsylvania,physiological responses of the native grasses Sorghastrum nutans and Schizachyrium scoparium to increased shading by S.rotundi-folia were examined.Additionally,the physiological performance of S.rotundifolia in the forest understory was compared to that in sunlit barrens environments.Light-saturated photosynthesis(A_(sat)),stomatal conductance(g_(s)),instantaneous transpiration efficiency(ITE),maximum efficiency of photosystem II(F_(v)/F_(m)),midday leaf water potential(ψ_(leaf))and specific leaf area(SLA)were measured for all species over the course of the 2014 growing season.Two-way analyses of variance were used to assess changes in these param-eters across growing environments,as well as seasonally for each species.Multiple regression analyses were also performed to inves-tigate the influence of vapor pressure deficit(D)and leaf tempera-ture(T_(leaf))on A_(sat) and ITE.Important Findings Light-saturated photosynthesis was significantly greater in S.rotun-difolia growing in sun than in the shade(P<0.001)and early in the season(P=0.012).Sun S.rotundifolia had up to 27%greater A_(sat) than shaded plants.Even with reducedψleaf in the barrens,S.rotundifolia maintained high g_(s) though A_(sat) was limited by high D later in the growing season.These data are in agreement with recent research suggesting that plants are not subject to water limi-tation in Mid-Atlantic barrens.Unexpectedly,shaded grasses at the encroachment interface did not exhibit any significant reduc-tion in A_(sat).Declines in grass photosynthesis do not likely occur until S.rotundifolia rhizomes transition into monotypic thickets,completely excluding grasses.Encroachment by S.rotundifolia appears to be primarily facilitated by its ability to capitalize on light resources early on in the summer growing season,when environ-mental conditions are less stressful.展开更多
文摘Nujiang farmers use the innovative dryland rice cultivation technology developed by a Chinese expert team to grow yields and income.As April ushers in spring,mist clings to the deep valleys of the Nujiang Grand Canyon in Southwest China’s Yunnan Province.High on a mountainside in Ziji Village,Daxingdi Town,Lushui City,Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture,at an altitude exceeding 1,300 metres,62-year-old Lisu villager Cha Wenxing is planting rice.These demonstration plots,cultivating high-quality upland rice,seem to float amongst the clouds.
基金funded by Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department[QN2023085].
文摘Agricultural land development is a pivotal strategy for addressing the global food security crisis.Barren grassland,especially those in mountainous regions,constitutes critical areas where cultivation can substantially enhance land resources.This study highlights the necessity for a precise correlation between land development initiatives and constraints in order to optimize efficiency and enhance the effectiveness of such projects,with the core being the seamless integration of land development engineering and techniques to eliminate agricultural constraints.This study employs a systems engineering approach to classify improvement factors into mobile and fixed categories,elucidating the integration methods of constraint factors.Adhering to the Wooden Barrel Principle,these constraints were rigorously analyzed based on soil quality,land topography,water availability,and agricultural infrastructure.An innovative method of engineering type combination is proposed,which effectively explains the correlation between natural factors combination,project type combination,and target factors combination.It provides a convenient way for the selection of barren grassland development projects and lays a foundation for land planning,development project establishment,program selection,engineering design,and budget preparation.Taking Tang County of China as an example,it is divided into 19 factor improvement areas,a quick reference table of engineering types is established,and 14 main types of engineering combinations are obtained,which lays a foundation for the application of theoretical framework in practice.
基金jointly funded by Innovation Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2024J08144)the Open Fund Project of the Key Laboratory of Ionic Rare Earth Resources and Environment,Ministry of Natural Resources(Grant no.2022IRERE101)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41820104010)Basic Scientific Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(No.JYYWF20180601)China Scholarship Council(CSC,201908110163)。
文摘Porphyry-skarn deposits are genetically associated with multistage intrusive complexes.However,their ore fertility varies markedly,as exemplified by the coexistence of mineralized and barren intrusions within a single pluton.The factors controlling this disparity,particularly whether high oxygen fugacity(fO_(2))and volatile-rich magmas are essential,remain poorly constrained.This study investigates the Fengyan Zn-Pb-Mo deposit in the central Fujian region by comparing geochronological and geochemical features of ore-associated granite porphyry and barren monzogranite.SIMS zircon U-Pb dating reveals the mineralized intrusion crystallized at 142.5±1.6 Ma,significantly later than the barren monzogranite(150.3±1.3 Ma).The ore-associated porphyry exhibits higher magma temperatures and sulfur contents,yet lower fO_(2)and water content relative to the barren monzogranite.Hf-O isotopes reveal greater mantle input in the ore-related granite porphyry(ε_(Hf)(t)=-11.5 to-7.5;δ^(18)O=6.50‰to 7.11‰)than in the ore-barren monzogranite(ε_(Hf)(t)=-16.0 to-9.5;δ^(18)O=6.81‰to 8.00‰).Furthermore,elevated fO_(2)and volatile-rich conditions are not prerequisites for Zn-Pb-Mo mineralization,implying other factors are key.The barren rock formed during low-angle subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate,whereas the mineralized porphyry originated during slab rollback and lithospheric extension.This study highlights that medium-low fO_(2)(meanΔFMQ+0.39 in granite porphyry vs.+1.80 in monzogranite),volatile-poor magmatic systems in extensional settings can form significant mineralization,offering new insights for exploration in central Fujian and analogous regions.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2017YFC0504701Key Project of National Social Science Foundation of China,No.15ZDA021National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41871183,No.41601172
文摘Land is the root of rural revitalization, and its core is to reinvigorate land resources through the building up of land capacity. Since the late 1990s, land consolidation efforts have been widely extended to all parts of China. Land consolidation has served as an essential instrument for reinvigorating stock land, strengthening intensive land use, timely supplementing cultivated land, and promoting agricultural modernization, as well as urban-rural integration. This study uses a typical poor village(Dadao Village) in a state-designated impoverished county(Fuping County, Hebei Province), to analyze the socioeconomic benefits and eco-environmental impacts of land consolidation. With the aid of first-hand data from questionnaire surveys, face-to-face interviews and the visual interpretation of land use and land cover changes(LUCC), we found that: 1) the barren hilly land consolidation(BHLC)helps to promote the transformation of resource-advantages into asset-advantages in poverty-stricken areas. In 2017, 60.16% households in the study area gained the additional transferred-income with an annual average of 2843 yuan, while 19.11% households received the wage-income with an annual average of 9871 yuan. 2) Land consolidation inspires farmers' enthusiasm to participate in village government and helps alleviate rural poverty. From 2014 to 2017, land consolidation has helped 585 poor in the village out of poverty. Meanwhile,by land consolidation, most farmers' attitudes towards land consolidation have shifted from"not caring" to "have great concern," and their identity cognition has gradually changed from being bystanders to becoming decision makers and supervisors. 3) Further analysis demonstrated that land consolidation could not only increase the quantity and quality of arable land,but also have a certain impact on eco-environment. During 2014–2016, the BHLC in the study area transformed 242.12 ha unused barren hilly land and open forest land into well-facilitated arable land, and increased the average arable land by 0.19 ha per capita. Also, the index of land use intensity increased by 27.01% between 2014 and 2016. Farmers' perceptions of environmental awareness have confirmed that such high-intensity LUCC were significant enough to make two-side impacts on eco-environment. We appeal to establish a combined organization and encouragement mechanism of rural land consolidation, to take the full breadth and depth of farmers' participation into consideration, and to formulate more scientific and sustainable land consolidation planning. Also, we put forward some suggestions and notes for the implementation and promotion of BHLC model. These findings can provide beneficial references for those involved in policymaking and planning in the areas of land consolidation and poverty alleviation in China, as well as other developing countries around the world.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31761143001)Qinzhou University HighLevel Scientific Research Foundation for Talent Introduction(2017KYQD203)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf(2018TS01)
文摘Holly hill and barren hill both exist in karst landform,karst forest is a fragile and low-biomass ecosystem with barren soil and low resilience and resistance capabilities to disturbance.The holly hill is the place where the vegetation is well protected by the indigenous people who live nearby based on their beliefs,the barren hill is comprised of rocky karst formations that contain the areas of exposed bedrock due to human disturbance.The study is about comparison of carbon storage of ecosystem in holly hill and barren hill,the carbon stocks of holly hill and barren hill ecosystems were studied through field work,laboratory analysis and statistic at Luocheng,Guangxi,China.The results showed that vegetation,soil and litter carbon storage of holly hill ecosystems were 7.42,5.9 and 1.1 times those of barren hill ecosystems respectively.Carbon storage were 137.06,93.73 t·hm^(-2)at holly hill and barren hill ecosystems respectively,soil carbon storage contributed most in the two ecosystems,and understory and litter contributed less.The comparison of carbon storage of holly hill and barren hill reflects the importance of protecting karst forest,keeping traditional aboriginal culture means a lot for protecting ecological environment and improving carbon sequestration.
文摘A systematic account of micro-textures and a few compositional profiles of plagioclase from high-alumina basaltic aa lava erupted during the year 1994-1995, from Barren Island Volcano, NE India ocean, are presented for the first time. The identified micro-textures can be grouped into two categories： （i） Growth related textures in the form of coarse/fine-sieve morphology, fine-scale oscillatory zoning and resorption surfaces resulted when the equilibrium at the crystal-melt interface was fluctuated due to change in temperature or H20 or pressure or composition of the crystallizing melt; and （ii） morphological texture, like glomerocryst, synneusis, swallow-tailed crystal, microlite and broken crystals, formed by the influence of dynamic behavior of the crystallizing magma （convection, turbulence, degassing, etc.）. Each micro-texture has developed in a specific magmatic environment, accordingly, a first order magma plumbing model and crystallization dynamics are envisaged for the studied lava unit. Magma generated has undergone extensive fractional crystallization of An-rich plagioclase in stable magmatic environment at a deeper depth. Subsequently they ascend to a shallow chamber where the newly brought crystals and pre-existing crystals have undergone dynamic crystallization via dissolution-regrowth processes in a convective self- mixing environment. Such repeated recharge-recycling processes have produced various populations of plagioclase with different micro-textural stratigraphy in the studied lava unit. Intermittent degassing and eruption related decompression have also played a major role in the final stage of crystallization dynamics.
文摘The aim of this paper is to study the inheritance pattern of ear tip-barrenness trait in maize （Zea mays L.）. Ear tipbarrenness trait in maize can be classified into two types, tip-barren and tip-barrenless. Two inbred lines, lx01-3 （tipbarrenless type）, wx04-1 （tip-barren type）, and their F1, F2, BC1, BC2 generations were analyzed on their ear tip-barrenness types. Results showed that F1 was tip-barren type; the ratio of tip-barren type versus tip-barrenless type followed a 12.78： 1 ratio in F2 segregation population and a 2.75：1 ratio in BC1. Z2 test indicated that the trait of ear tip-barrenness type followed an inheritance pattern of 2 duplicate dominant genes. SPSS analysis indicated that the trait of ear tip-barrenness length is of abnormal distribution. Above results mean that： （1） The trait of maize ear tip-barrenness type is controlled by 2 duplicate dominant genes; tip-barren type is dominant over tip-barrenless type; （2） the trait of tip-barrenness length is a quantitative character controlled by polygene with major genes expected.
基金the Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province(Grant No.202204c06020021)Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U21A20235 and 32201308).
文摘The addition of biochar(BC)or Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)alone has been reported to promote plant growth,while their synergistic effects on Allium schoenoprasum root morphology and rhizosphere fungal community in barren soil is still unclear.In this study,we investigated the effects of BC and AMF(Funneliformis mosseae)on plant growth and root morphology in barren soil and revealed the structure of soil fungal communities Therefore,a greenhouse pot trial consisting of five treatments was enforced.The results showed that the combination of biochar and AMF significantly improved plant biomass,nutrient uptake,mycorrhizal colonization rates and soil properties and significantly impacted rhizosphere fungal community composition and structure.Biochar significantly increased the fungal community stability and enhanced their positive correlation with plants.Our findings indicated that the combination of AMF and biochar play synergic role for plant growth and rhizosphere fungal community in barren soil.
基金the 2020 Research Program of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(SKJC-2020-02-005)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP)of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ZDRW202004 and CAAS-ZDRW202109).
文摘Increasing the planting density is one way to enhance grain production in maize.However,high planting density brings about growth and developmental defects such as barrenness,which is the major factor limiting grain yield.In this study,the barrenness was characterized in an association panel comprising 280 inbred lines under normal(67500 plants ha–1,ND)and high(120000 plants ha–1,HD)planting densities in 2017 and 2018.The population was genotyped using 776254 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers with criteria of minor allele frequency>5%and<20%missing data.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)was conducted for barrenness under ND and HD,as well as the barrenness ratio(HD/ND),by applying a Mixed Linear Model that controls both population structure and relative kinship(Q+K).In total,20 SNPs located in nine genes were significantly(P<6.44×10–8)associated with barrenness under the different planting densities.Among them,seven SNPs for barrenness at ND and HD were located in two genes,four of which were common under both ND and HD.In addition,13 SNPs for the barrenness ratio were located in seven genes.A complementary pathway analysis indicated that the metabolic pathways of amino acids,such as glutamate and arginine,and the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway might play important roles in tolerance to high planting density.These results provide insights into the genetic basis of high planting density tolerance and will facilitate high yield maize breeding.
文摘Discriminating barren and fertile intrusions is one of the main challenges in the search for rare-element pegmatites.Diagrams comprising more than one element can make discrimination of productive and barren samples more valid.These diagrams distinguish samples by simultaneous means of positive and/or negative correlations between variables.A ternary diagram for S-type peraluminous granites has been obtained in this study.Firstly,a database composed of Ta-bearing and barren granitic systems was created,then geochemical behavior of trace elements was studied,and statistical investigations were done using GCDkit software,which resulted in the Ga-(Nb+Ta)-(Nb/Ta)(Zr/Hf)ternary diagram which can distinguish the non-mineralized granites from productive ones.The Ta-bearing samples,which are situated in the fertile field in the diagram,are those which have high Nb and Ta contents,elevated Ga content and the lowest Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf values.
基金Supported by the Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project of Yunnan([2014]CX05)
文摘Dongchuan District of Kunming City has undulating terrain with large fluctuations, fragile ecological environment, low rainfall and high evaporation, coupled with frequent debris flow activities, resulting in very low forest coverage rate in Dongchuan. In this study, a comprehensive and systematic investigation was carried out to the green planting of barren hills in Dongchuan District from January to June, 2016. The results showed that the major planting tree species in the region with an altitude of less than 1 600 m were Leucaena leucocephala, Cupressus torulosa, L. leucocephala, C. torulosa, Celtis yunnanensis, Melia azedarach , among which L. leucocephala had become of pioneer tree species of afforestation in the Dongchuan dry-hot valley. The major planting tree species at the altitude of 1 600-2 500 m were C. torulosa, Sabina chinensis, Alnus nepalensis, C. yunnanensis, and Pinus armandi , and at the altitude of over 2 500 m, the major tree species were Sabina chinensis, Abies georgei var. smithii, P.densata. Based on the investigation, suggestions were proposed for the existing problems in the greening and planting of Dongchuan barren hills, in order to provide certain theoretical basis for the sustainable development of forestry in Dongchuan.
文摘Fire is an important ecological factor and what constitutes appropriate fire management is much debated in the US and elsewhere. The role of fire as a source of greenhouse gases has been intensively investigated, but less is known about the production rate of the solid black carbon residue from fires. Black carbon accumulates in soil as it has longer turnover times than plant residues. To understand the significance of black carbon production during wildfire, we quantified black carbon using hydropyrolysis in O and A horizons before and after a prescribed bum at four sites in the New Jersey Pine Barrens forest in the North-Eastern US. Black carbon was found in both O- and A-horizons at all investigated sites, stocks in the range of 61.31-168.15 g m^-2 in the O-horizon and 169.59-425.25 g m^-2 in the A-horizon. Total black carbon stocks did not increase following the fire suggesting that either black carbon production in fires may be small compared to the variability, or that equivalent amounts of black carbon formed in previous fires may have been consumed in the fire. The study raises questions about how black carbon production and consumption in ftres can be quantified separately.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(grant number DEB 1452971)Rutgers Alberts Research Awards in Biodiversity,Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station to N.Zhangthe National Military Family Association,and the Garden Club of America。
文摘Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi contribute globally to ecosystem services and play an important role in sustainable crop production.However,it is unclear which factors contribute most to their colonization and community structure at different sites,particularly in understudied ecosystems.This study investigated the AM fungal communities associated with switchgrass(Panicum virgatum L.)in the understudied acidic and oligotrophic pine barrens ecosystem using next-generation sequencing.Switchgrass was also sampled from agroecosystems,as well as,from a native prairie for comparison.The pine barrens switchgrass harbored a distinct AM fungal community−Acaulospora and Ambispora were almost exclusively found in the pine barrens sites,and some of these species may represent undescribed taxa.Glomus was the most ubiquitous AM fungal genus recovered from all sites.This study suggests differences in the AM fungal community structure under different soil properties and land uses.This is the first sequence-based report of the AM fungal communities in the pine barrens ecosystem.
基金sponsored by DST,Govt of India to PCB under USERS scheme(file no.SB/UR/14/2012).
文摘The Barren Island volcano in the Western Sunda Arc has displayed explosive Strombolian eruptions for more than two decades.This recent explosive event,together with the historic and prehistoric volcanic landforms,present reliable information about explosive Strombolian eruptions and the volcanological evolution of the Barren Island volcano.This study is a re-evaluation of existing knowledge and incorporates new information and interpretations of the recent and past volcanic activity on Barren Island.Direct observations of explosive eruptions since 1991 showed discrete events of bursting and ballistic transport of blocks and formation of sustained ash plumes,indicating Strombolian and violent Strombolian eruptions.
文摘Aims Serpentine barrens of the Mid-Atlantic United States are globally rare,grass-dominated ecosystems thought to exclude C3 spe-cies and characterized by unique soil composition.However,like many grassland ecosystems globally,these sites are presently facing encroachment by surrounding forest.In this ecosystem,the tendril climbing vine,Smilax rotundifolia,forms dense thickets around bar-rens that typically precede forest encroachment.While numerous factors speculatively initiate and promote encroachment in these systems,few studies have examined photosynthetic responses of serpentine grasses to changes in resource availability initiated by encroachers or physiological ability of encroaching S.rotundifolia to colonize high-light barren environments.We sought to under-stand both environmental and physiological dynamics of encroach-ment along an irradiance gradient in these systems.Methods At three serpentine barren sites in southeastern Pennsylvania,physiological responses of the native grasses Sorghastrum nutans and Schizachyrium scoparium to increased shading by S.rotundi-folia were examined.Additionally,the physiological performance of S.rotundifolia in the forest understory was compared to that in sunlit barrens environments.Light-saturated photosynthesis(A_(sat)),stomatal conductance(g_(s)),instantaneous transpiration efficiency(ITE),maximum efficiency of photosystem II(F_(v)/F_(m)),midday leaf water potential(ψ_(leaf))and specific leaf area(SLA)were measured for all species over the course of the 2014 growing season.Two-way analyses of variance were used to assess changes in these param-eters across growing environments,as well as seasonally for each species.Multiple regression analyses were also performed to inves-tigate the influence of vapor pressure deficit(D)and leaf tempera-ture(T_(leaf))on A_(sat) and ITE.Important Findings Light-saturated photosynthesis was significantly greater in S.rotun-difolia growing in sun than in the shade(P<0.001)and early in the season(P=0.012).Sun S.rotundifolia had up to 27%greater A_(sat) than shaded plants.Even with reducedψleaf in the barrens,S.rotundifolia maintained high g_(s) though A_(sat) was limited by high D later in the growing season.These data are in agreement with recent research suggesting that plants are not subject to water limi-tation in Mid-Atlantic barrens.Unexpectedly,shaded grasses at the encroachment interface did not exhibit any significant reduc-tion in A_(sat).Declines in grass photosynthesis do not likely occur until S.rotundifolia rhizomes transition into monotypic thickets,completely excluding grasses.Encroachment by S.rotundifolia appears to be primarily facilitated by its ability to capitalize on light resources early on in the summer growing season,when environ-mental conditions are less stressful.
