Seedless barberry (Berberis vulgaris L. var. asperma) is one of the few unique crops grown only in Iran and southkhorasan. Barberry is a well known medicinal plant in Iran and has been widely used as food additive. Th...Seedless barberry (Berberis vulgaris L. var. asperma) is one of the few unique crops grown only in Iran and southkhorasan. Barberry is a well known medicinal plant in Iran and has been widely used as food additive. The comprehensive survey of fungal contamination of barberry was undertaken in the market of Birjand, during March to June at 2012. Fungal infections of barberry were studied in thirty samples. Among these, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Mucor spp. were major contaminants also the results showed that 57% of barberry was infected and most fungal species related to Aspergillus spp. and penicillium spp. Therefore it needs to undertake the management practices.展开更多
[Objectives] To establish the quality standard of barberry branches. [Methods] Microscopic identification and thin layer identification were used to qualitatively identify barberry branches. Berberine content was dete...[Objectives] To establish the quality standard of barberry branches. [Methods] Microscopic identification and thin layer identification were used to qualitatively identify barberry branches. Berberine content was determined by HPLC method, and the content of water, total ash, acid insoluble ash and extract was detected according to the method of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition). [Results] The microscopic identification showed that the features were obvious, and stone cells, cork cells, epidermal cells, stomata, fibers and catheter with reticulated pores could be found. Berberine was detected in barberry branches by thin layer chromatography, and the characteristic spots were separated clearly. Moisture, total ash, and acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 13%, 6%, and 3%, respectively, and extract content shall not be less than 10%. Berberine hydrochloride (C_(20)H_(18)ClNO_(4)) should be calculated in the branches of Berberis wilsonae Hemsley and Berberis aggregata C. K. Schneid., and berberine (C_(20)H_(17)NO_(4)) content should not be less than 0.05%. The linear relationship was good in the range of 0.002-0.240 mg/mL ( R^(2)=0.999 5). The average recovery was 89.63%, and RSD was 5.28%. [Conclusions] The method was simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the quality control of barberry branches.展开更多
Objective:To investigate suppressive effects of barberry ingredients on macrophage.Methods:Barberry alcoholic and aqueous extracts were obtained and tested on macrophages and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages....Objective:To investigate suppressive effects of barberry ingredients on macrophage.Methods:Barberry alcoholic and aqueous extracts were obtained and tested on macrophages and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages.Nitric oxide levels were determined using Griess method and MTT assay which were done for evaluation of macrophage viability.Supernatant tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-12(IL-12)were measured by ELISA kits.Results:MTT reduction capability was the same in all groups,unless the group with higher doses of extracts(P<0.05).Both extracts suppressed nitric oxide production(P<0.05).TNF-αproduction were suppressed by low doses of both extracts and induced by aqueous extract(P<0.05).IL-6 release was suppressed and IL-12 was induced(P<0.05).Conclusions:This study showed anti-inflammatory functions of barberry’s ingredients on macrophages,and at the same time displayed a low cytotoxic effect.Changes in cytokine production was various as data shows decrease in TNF-αand IL-6 levels and induction in IL-12 released by macrophages.These data propose diverse medical use of barberry in treatment of different disorders but with more precision.展开更多
Objective:To examine the protective effects of green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles with Berberis vulgaris L.fruit aqueous extract(BVZnONPs)on cyclophosphamide(CP)-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats.Methods:3...Objective:To examine the protective effects of green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles with Berberis vulgaris L.fruit aqueous extract(BVZnONPs)on cyclophosphamide(CP)-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats.Methods:35 Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups:normal,BVZnONPs(20 mg/kg),CP(100 mg/kg),and 2 co-treatment groups receiving CP with BVZnONPs(10 and 20 mg/kg).All treatments were administered intraperitoneally for 28 days.Serum levels of antioxidant enzymes(catalase,superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase,nitric oxide)and kidney function parameters(creatinine,total protein,blood urea nitrogen)were measured.The expressions of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins were assessed via immunohistochemical assay while kidney volume and substructures were estimated stereologically.Results:CP induced nephrotoxicity with significant increases(P<0.05)in nitric oxide,creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen levels,and decreases(P<0.05)in catalase,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione peroxidase levels.It also increased p53 protein expression and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression.Treatment with BVZnONPs significantly increased(P<0.05)antioxidant enzyme levels and decreased nitric oxide levels in the 20 mg/kg group compared to CP.Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were significantly reduced in the BVZnONPs-treated groups,with greater effects at 20 mg/kg.However,total protein serum levels were not significant(P>0.05)in the BVZnONPs-treated groups compared to CP.Conclusions:These findings suggest that BVZnONPs can mitigate CP-induced nephrotoxicity,likely due to their antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties,though longer treatment duration may be necessary for tissue-level improvements.展开更多
Since the recent discovery of barberry(Berberis spp.)as an alternate host for the stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis,many Chinese Berberis species have been identified as alternate hosts for P.striiformis f.sp....Since the recent discovery of barberry(Berberis spp.)as an alternate host for the stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis,many Chinese Berberis species have been identified as alternate hosts for P.striiformis f.sp.tritici.However,little is known about Berberis species and their distribution in wheat-growing regions in Xinjiang,China,where stripe rust is endemic.As the largest province or autonomous region,Xinjiang represents a relatively independent epidemic region for wheat stripe rust in China.In this study,we con ducted a survey of barberry plants in the main wheat-growi ng areas of Xinjiang.We iden tified three Berberis species,B.heteropoda,B.nummularia and B.kaschgarica,and con firmed their roles as potential alternate hosts for P.striiformis f.sp.tritici in the laboratory.展开更多
Puccinia striiformis Westend.is an obligate biotrophic parasite that could infect wheat and grasses to cause stripe rusts.P.striiformis,a species of rust fungi,is divided into several formae speciales based on host sp...Puccinia striiformis Westend.is an obligate biotrophic parasite that could infect wheat and grasses to cause stripe rusts.P.striiformis,a species of rust fungi,is divided into several formae speciales based on host specialization,including P.striiformis f.sp.tritici,P.striiformis f.sp.hordei,P.striiformis f.sp.elymi,P.striiformis f.sp.agropyri,and P.striiformis f.sp.secalis.Among the five forms of P.striiformis,sexual stage was confirmed only for the wheat form of the rust,P.striiformis f.sp.tritici,but not known for the rest four forms.In the present study,we investigated the host specialization of three forms of P.striiformis including P.striiformis f.sp.agropyri,P.striiformis f.sp.elymi,and P.striiformis f.sp.hordei,compared the morphology of their urediniospores and teliospores,and analyzed the molecular phylogenic tree of the three forms of P.striiformis and other related species in the genus Puccinia.Each of the three forms was able to infect barberry to complete pycnial and aecial stages under artificial inoculation.Further inoculations of grass,barley cv.Guoluo and wheat cv.Mingxian 169,highly susceptible to P.striiformis f.sp.tritici,using the resultant aeciospores showed that the aeciospores could successfully infect their respective hosts and produce uredinia with high infection types,with the exception on wheat cv.Mingxian 169 where only necrosis was observed.The results suggested that Berberis spp.were alternate hosts for the three formae speciales of P.striiformis,and confirmed that the three rusts were macrocyclic and heteroecious rust fungi completing the whole life cycle on primary hosts and alternate hosts.Our study provides a basis for studying pathogenic variation of the rust fungi through sexual hybridization between formae speciales of P.striiformis.展开更多
Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),the cause of wheat stripe rust,is a biotrophic and heteroecious rust fungus with five spore types.Cool and humid climatic conditions are conducive for the development of wheat st...Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),the cause of wheat stripe rust,is a biotrophic and heteroecious rust fungus with five spore types.Cool and humid climatic conditions are conducive for the development of wheat stripe rust,and in turn,temperatures above 22°C limit or even cease the disease.The survival of Pst during summer after wheat harvest is responsible for the infection on autumn-sown wheat to maintain disease cycle all the year round.Teliospores formed at late stage of wheat growth are essential for initiating sexual reproduction in spring.Although Chinese native grasses have been experimentally testified as susceptible hosts for Pst and teliospores produced on wheat have been shown to be potential inoculum sources causing infection on alternate hosts(mainly Berberis)in spring,the roles of grass hosts in harboring the survival of urediospores and teliospores of Pst and promoting the emergence of diverse races under field conditions in China have not been known.Herein,Gansu,as a hotspot and an important oversummering region for Pst,was exemplified to demonstrate these roles of grass hosts.As a result,63 Pst isolates,derived from 2184 uredial samples collected from grass hosts during harvesting period(from mid-June to mid-to-late July)and seeding period(mid to late September)in 2012 and 2013,were identified as 52 diverse phenotypes(82.5%)on the Chinese differential hosts.Subsequently,after inoculation of barberry,52 Pst isolates with high infection type,20 known races and 32 new races,were recovered from 1,712 single aecium,which are derived from 35 telial samples of grass hosts.Our experiments showed that Pst urediospores can oversummer on grass species in Gansu or other oversummering regions with similar ecological and climatic conditions.Pst teliospores,which are produced on these grass hosts,are important inoculum source for barberry infection in spring.Therefore,treatment of grasses hosts should be taken into consideration in management of wheat stripe rust.展开更多
文摘Seedless barberry (Berberis vulgaris L. var. asperma) is one of the few unique crops grown only in Iran and southkhorasan. Barberry is a well known medicinal plant in Iran and has been widely used as food additive. The comprehensive survey of fungal contamination of barberry was undertaken in the market of Birjand, during March to June at 2012. Fungal infections of barberry were studied in thirty samples. Among these, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Mucor spp. were major contaminants also the results showed that 57% of barberry was infected and most fungal species related to Aspergillus spp. and penicillium spp. Therefore it needs to undertake the management practices.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan(2018YFC-06101)Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2022NSFSC1605)+2 种基金Traditional Chinese Medicine(Ethnic Medicine)Standard Improvement of Sichuan Medical Products Administration(510201202102305)Leading Talents Support Plan of National Ethnic Affairs Commission in 2022Special Project for the University-Level Innovation Team in the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYN2022067).
文摘[Objectives] To establish the quality standard of barberry branches. [Methods] Microscopic identification and thin layer identification were used to qualitatively identify barberry branches. Berberine content was determined by HPLC method, and the content of water, total ash, acid insoluble ash and extract was detected according to the method of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition). [Results] The microscopic identification showed that the features were obvious, and stone cells, cork cells, epidermal cells, stomata, fibers and catheter with reticulated pores could be found. Berberine was detected in barberry branches by thin layer chromatography, and the characteristic spots were separated clearly. Moisture, total ash, and acid insoluble ash content shall not exceed 13%, 6%, and 3%, respectively, and extract content shall not be less than 10%. Berberine hydrochloride (C_(20)H_(18)ClNO_(4)) should be calculated in the branches of Berberis wilsonae Hemsley and Berberis aggregata C. K. Schneid., and berberine (C_(20)H_(17)NO_(4)) content should not be less than 0.05%. The linear relationship was good in the range of 0.002-0.240 mg/mL ( R^(2)=0.999 5). The average recovery was 89.63%, and RSD was 5.28%. [Conclusions] The method was simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the quality control of barberry branches.
文摘Objective:To investigate suppressive effects of barberry ingredients on macrophage.Methods:Barberry alcoholic and aqueous extracts were obtained and tested on macrophages and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages.Nitric oxide levels were determined using Griess method and MTT assay which were done for evaluation of macrophage viability.Supernatant tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-12(IL-12)were measured by ELISA kits.Results:MTT reduction capability was the same in all groups,unless the group with higher doses of extracts(P<0.05).Both extracts suppressed nitric oxide production(P<0.05).TNF-αproduction were suppressed by low doses of both extracts and induced by aqueous extract(P<0.05).IL-6 release was suppressed and IL-12 was induced(P<0.05).Conclusions:This study showed anti-inflammatory functions of barberry’s ingredients on macrophages,and at the same time displayed a low cytotoxic effect.Changes in cytokine production was various as data shows decrease in TNF-αand IL-6 levels and induction in IL-12 released by macrophages.These data propose diverse medical use of barberry in treatment of different disorders but with more precision.
文摘Objective:To examine the protective effects of green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles with Berberis vulgaris L.fruit aqueous extract(BVZnONPs)on cyclophosphamide(CP)-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats.Methods:35 Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups:normal,BVZnONPs(20 mg/kg),CP(100 mg/kg),and 2 co-treatment groups receiving CP with BVZnONPs(10 and 20 mg/kg).All treatments were administered intraperitoneally for 28 days.Serum levels of antioxidant enzymes(catalase,superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase,nitric oxide)and kidney function parameters(creatinine,total protein,blood urea nitrogen)were measured.The expressions of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins were assessed via immunohistochemical assay while kidney volume and substructures were estimated stereologically.Results:CP induced nephrotoxicity with significant increases(P<0.05)in nitric oxide,creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen levels,and decreases(P<0.05)in catalase,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione peroxidase levels.It also increased p53 protein expression and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression.Treatment with BVZnONPs significantly increased(P<0.05)antioxidant enzyme levels and decreased nitric oxide levels in the 20 mg/kg group compared to CP.Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were significantly reduced in the BVZnONPs-treated groups,with greater effects at 20 mg/kg.However,total protein serum levels were not significant(P>0.05)in the BVZnONPs-treated groups compared to CP.Conclusions:These findings suggest that BVZnONPs can mitigate CP-induced nephrotoxicity,likely due to their antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties,though longer treatment duration may be necessary for tissue-level improvements.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD0200408, 2018YFD0200402)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (2017JM3006)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (3107164)the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB127700)
文摘Since the recent discovery of barberry(Berberis spp.)as an alternate host for the stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis,many Chinese Berberis species have been identified as alternate hosts for P.striiformis f.sp.tritici.However,little is known about Berberis species and their distribution in wheat-growing regions in Xinjiang,China,where stripe rust is endemic.As the largest province or autonomous region,Xinjiang represents a relatively independent epidemic region for wheat stripe rust in China.In this study,we con ducted a survey of barberry plants in the main wheat-growi ng areas of Xinjiang.We iden tified three Berberis species,B.heteropoda,B.nummularia and B.kaschgarica,and con firmed their roles as potential alternate hosts for P.striiformis f.sp.tritici in the laboratory.
基金financially supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0200500)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2017JM3006)+2 种基金The Key Project of Science and Technology of tibet Autonomous Region,China(XZ201702NB15)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071641)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-13-0490).
文摘Puccinia striiformis Westend.is an obligate biotrophic parasite that could infect wheat and grasses to cause stripe rusts.P.striiformis,a species of rust fungi,is divided into several formae speciales based on host specialization,including P.striiformis f.sp.tritici,P.striiformis f.sp.hordei,P.striiformis f.sp.elymi,P.striiformis f.sp.agropyri,and P.striiformis f.sp.secalis.Among the five forms of P.striiformis,sexual stage was confirmed only for the wheat form of the rust,P.striiformis f.sp.tritici,but not known for the rest four forms.In the present study,we investigated the host specialization of three forms of P.striiformis including P.striiformis f.sp.agropyri,P.striiformis f.sp.elymi,and P.striiformis f.sp.hordei,compared the morphology of their urediniospores and teliospores,and analyzed the molecular phylogenic tree of the three forms of P.striiformis and other related species in the genus Puccinia.Each of the three forms was able to infect barberry to complete pycnial and aecial stages under artificial inoculation.Further inoculations of grass,barley cv.Guoluo and wheat cv.Mingxian 169,highly susceptible to P.striiformis f.sp.tritici,using the resultant aeciospores showed that the aeciospores could successfully infect their respective hosts and produce uredinia with high infection types,with the exception on wheat cv.Mingxian 169 where only necrosis was observed.The results suggested that Berberis spp.were alternate hosts for the three formae speciales of P.striiformis,and confirmed that the three rusts were macrocyclic and heteroecious rust fungi completing the whole life cycle on primary hosts and alternate hosts.Our study provides a basis for studying pathogenic variation of the rust fungi through sexual hybridization between formae speciales of P.striiformis.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1401000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072358,31871918,and 31071641)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2020JZ-15),National“111 Plan”(BP0719026).
文摘Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),the cause of wheat stripe rust,is a biotrophic and heteroecious rust fungus with five spore types.Cool and humid climatic conditions are conducive for the development of wheat stripe rust,and in turn,temperatures above 22°C limit or even cease the disease.The survival of Pst during summer after wheat harvest is responsible for the infection on autumn-sown wheat to maintain disease cycle all the year round.Teliospores formed at late stage of wheat growth are essential for initiating sexual reproduction in spring.Although Chinese native grasses have been experimentally testified as susceptible hosts for Pst and teliospores produced on wheat have been shown to be potential inoculum sources causing infection on alternate hosts(mainly Berberis)in spring,the roles of grass hosts in harboring the survival of urediospores and teliospores of Pst and promoting the emergence of diverse races under field conditions in China have not been known.Herein,Gansu,as a hotspot and an important oversummering region for Pst,was exemplified to demonstrate these roles of grass hosts.As a result,63 Pst isolates,derived from 2184 uredial samples collected from grass hosts during harvesting period(from mid-June to mid-to-late July)and seeding period(mid to late September)in 2012 and 2013,were identified as 52 diverse phenotypes(82.5%)on the Chinese differential hosts.Subsequently,after inoculation of barberry,52 Pst isolates with high infection type,20 known races and 32 new races,were recovered from 1,712 single aecium,which are derived from 35 telial samples of grass hosts.Our experiments showed that Pst urediospores can oversummer on grass species in Gansu or other oversummering regions with similar ecological and climatic conditions.Pst teliospores,which are produced on these grass hosts,are important inoculum source for barberry infection in spring.Therefore,treatment of grasses hosts should be taken into consideration in management of wheat stripe rust.
