长期以来,由于受到考古样品保存和研究方法的限制,成都平原先秦农业结构变化、人类生业方式、农业发展与微环境的关系等研究尚不够完善。本文对成都平原的新津宝墩遗址和青白江三星村遗址约4500 cal.a B.P.以来的文化层沉积物进行了农...长期以来,由于受到考古样品保存和研究方法的限制,成都平原先秦农业结构变化、人类生业方式、农业发展与微环境的关系等研究尚不够完善。本文对成都平原的新津宝墩遗址和青白江三星村遗址约4500 cal.a B.P.以来的文化层沉积物进行了农作物植硅体分析,结果表明宝墩文化(4500~3700 a B.P.)以利用水稻(Oryza sativa)为主体(约84%),仅有少量粟(Setaria italica)、黍(Panicum miliaceum)出现(约16%);宝墩文化晚期(约4000~3700 a B.P.)水稻植硅体浓度到达峰值(303160粒/g)后有所下降,粟、黍基本消失;到三星堆文化早期(3700~3400 a B.P.)水稻浓度仍保持下降趋势,粟、黍仍未出现,揭示了以宝墩文化为代表的成都平原新石器文化是以水稻为主,兼有少量粟、黍的稻-旱兼作农业结构,这一结构至少持续至三星堆文化早期。宝墩遗址中水稻驯化程度自文化层底部开始,整体呈逐渐上升趋势,推测与成都平原农业活动不断加强,遗址区域水资源增加有一定关系。上述发现,不仅为理解成都平原新石器时代农业发展进程提供了新的参考资料,同时也为我国稻旱兼作农业的研究提供了新证据。展开更多
The Bashu area was one of the most civilized agricultural areas in ancient China.Since the late Eastern Han Dynasty,it has been reputed as the“Land of Abundance”due to its abundant resources.Archaeological data show...The Bashu area was one of the most civilized agricultural areas in ancient China.Since the late Eastern Han Dynasty,it has been reputed as the“Land of Abundance”due to its abundant resources.Archaeological data show that the Shu area cultivated millet as early as the prehistoric period.The legend goes that Can Cong was the first ruler of the Shu area during the pre-Qin period,indicating that agricultural production at that time had made great progress compared with the prehistoric period.During this period,the agricultural pattern of the Shu area experienced profound changes,from dryland millet farming originating from the Western Sichuan Plateau to rice farming that is more suitable for Sichuan Basin,especially for the Chengdu Plain,where there are abundant rainfalls and high temperatures.Since then,rice farming has become a long-established farming tradition in the Shu area.The agricultural production tools and grain crop seeds unearthed from the Baodun site,where the archaeological remains of Can Cong Culture were discovered,show the prosperity of early agriculture in the Shu area.During the Baodun Culture period,the accelerated economic and social development in the Shu area promoted complicated and hierarchical changes in the social organization structure of settlements,which gradually evolved into early states.展开更多
宝墩文化(4500~3700 a B. P.)是成都平原史前农业转型的关键阶段。成都市大邑县高山古城遗址(30°27′09.5″N, 103°34′46.3″E)主体遗存属于宝墩文化早期,部分遗存早于宝墩文化,是成都平原重要的史前遗址。本研究对该遗址201...宝墩文化(4500~3700 a B. P.)是成都平原史前农业转型的关键阶段。成都市大邑县高山古城遗址(30°27′09.5″N, 103°34′46.3″E)主体遗存属于宝墩文化早期,部分遗存早于宝墩文化,是成都平原重要的史前遗址。本研究对该遗址2015~2017年发掘时采集的106份浮选土样(来自75个灰坑、 10个灰沟和21个地层)和111份植硅体土样(来自76个灰坑、 13个灰沟和22个地层)进行了分析,鉴定出6233粒炭化植物种子,包括稻、粟、黍、大豆等农作物,以及禾本科、豆科、蓼科、莎草科等非农作物;还有26种植硅体类型,它们分别来自稻、粟、黍这3种农作物和芦苇、竹亚科等非农作物。研究结果显示:1)农业种植和家畜饲养是高山古城聚落生业经济的主体,同时先民也采集利用一些野生动植物资源;2)高山古城遗址农作物的结构以稻为主,粟、黍次之,少量大豆;从早到晚,稻在农作物中的占比逐渐提高;作物加工的分析显示,发掘区的植物遗存多数来自作物加工的后期阶段,少数由前期加工产生,大部分植物遗存属于加工废弃物;3)对比高山古城与宝墩古城两个遗址的植物考古研究结果发现,成都平原史前时期农作物结构有明显的共性,都是以稻为主的、稻旱混作模式;但是,高山古城出土更多的旱作遗存可能与其地理位置有关,一方面是位于成都平原西北更容易受到甘青地区和川西北高原的影响,另一方面则是靠近山地更适合发展旱作农业;而高山古城遗址农作物多样性高于宝墩古城遗址,则可能与宝墩古城遗址的核心聚落地位有关。高山古城遗址植物遗存的分析结果为了解成都平原新石器时代晚期的农业提供了重要资料,对探索中国西南地区史前农业的发展及其与文明演进的关系有重要意义。展开更多
文摘长期以来,由于受到考古样品保存和研究方法的限制,成都平原先秦农业结构变化、人类生业方式、农业发展与微环境的关系等研究尚不够完善。本文对成都平原的新津宝墩遗址和青白江三星村遗址约4500 cal.a B.P.以来的文化层沉积物进行了农作物植硅体分析,结果表明宝墩文化(4500~3700 a B.P.)以利用水稻(Oryza sativa)为主体(约84%),仅有少量粟(Setaria italica)、黍(Panicum miliaceum)出现(约16%);宝墩文化晚期(约4000~3700 a B.P.)水稻植硅体浓度到达峰值(303160粒/g)后有所下降,粟、黍基本消失;到三星堆文化早期(3700~3400 a B.P.)水稻浓度仍保持下降趋势,粟、黍仍未出现,揭示了以宝墩文化为代表的成都平原新石器文化是以水稻为主,兼有少量粟、黍的稻-旱兼作农业结构,这一结构至少持续至三星堆文化早期。宝墩遗址中水稻驯化程度自文化层底部开始,整体呈逐渐上升趋势,推测与成都平原农业活动不断加强,遗址区域水资源增加有一定关系。上述发现,不仅为理解成都平原新石器时代农业发展进程提供了新的参考资料,同时也为我国稻旱兼作农业的研究提供了新证据。
基金This paper is a joint achievement of the Humanities and Social Science Research Project of the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission entitled“Exploration and Inheritance of the Core Values of Ba Culture from the Perspective of Cultural Confidence”(Project No.:20SKGH034)the 2019 University-level Philosophy and Social Sciences Special Research Project of Chongqing Medical University entitled“Research on the Chineseization of Indigenous Ethnic Groups in Bashu Area in the Qin and Han Dynasties”(Project No.:ZX190306).
文摘The Bashu area was one of the most civilized agricultural areas in ancient China.Since the late Eastern Han Dynasty,it has been reputed as the“Land of Abundance”due to its abundant resources.Archaeological data show that the Shu area cultivated millet as early as the prehistoric period.The legend goes that Can Cong was the first ruler of the Shu area during the pre-Qin period,indicating that agricultural production at that time had made great progress compared with the prehistoric period.During this period,the agricultural pattern of the Shu area experienced profound changes,from dryland millet farming originating from the Western Sichuan Plateau to rice farming that is more suitable for Sichuan Basin,especially for the Chengdu Plain,where there are abundant rainfalls and high temperatures.Since then,rice farming has become a long-established farming tradition in the Shu area.The agricultural production tools and grain crop seeds unearthed from the Baodun site,where the archaeological remains of Can Cong Culture were discovered,show the prosperity of early agriculture in the Shu area.During the Baodun Culture period,the accelerated economic and social development in the Shu area promoted complicated and hierarchical changes in the social organization structure of settlements,which gradually evolved into early states.
文摘宝墩文化(4500~3700 a B. P.)是成都平原史前农业转型的关键阶段。成都市大邑县高山古城遗址(30°27′09.5″N, 103°34′46.3″E)主体遗存属于宝墩文化早期,部分遗存早于宝墩文化,是成都平原重要的史前遗址。本研究对该遗址2015~2017年发掘时采集的106份浮选土样(来自75个灰坑、 10个灰沟和21个地层)和111份植硅体土样(来自76个灰坑、 13个灰沟和22个地层)进行了分析,鉴定出6233粒炭化植物种子,包括稻、粟、黍、大豆等农作物,以及禾本科、豆科、蓼科、莎草科等非农作物;还有26种植硅体类型,它们分别来自稻、粟、黍这3种农作物和芦苇、竹亚科等非农作物。研究结果显示:1)农业种植和家畜饲养是高山古城聚落生业经济的主体,同时先民也采集利用一些野生动植物资源;2)高山古城遗址农作物的结构以稻为主,粟、黍次之,少量大豆;从早到晚,稻在农作物中的占比逐渐提高;作物加工的分析显示,发掘区的植物遗存多数来自作物加工的后期阶段,少数由前期加工产生,大部分植物遗存属于加工废弃物;3)对比高山古城与宝墩古城两个遗址的植物考古研究结果发现,成都平原史前时期农作物结构有明显的共性,都是以稻为主的、稻旱混作模式;但是,高山古城出土更多的旱作遗存可能与其地理位置有关,一方面是位于成都平原西北更容易受到甘青地区和川西北高原的影响,另一方面则是靠近山地更适合发展旱作农业;而高山古城遗址农作物多样性高于宝墩古城遗址,则可能与宝墩古城遗址的核心聚落地位有关。高山古城遗址植物遗存的分析结果为了解成都平原新石器时代晚期的农业提供了重要资料,对探索中国西南地区史前农业的发展及其与文明演进的关系有重要意义。
