The study aims to explore the impact of governance and macroeconomic conditions on financial stability in developed and emerging countries.The study sample comprised 122 countries from 2013 to 2020,and a comprehensive...The study aims to explore the impact of governance and macroeconomic conditions on financial stability in developed and emerging countries.The study sample comprised 122 countries from 2013 to 2020,and a comprehensive set of variables was used to construct the financial stability index(FSI).The results of the two-step system GMM analysis,robust with D–K regression,indicate that interest rate,GDP growth,voice and accountability,political stability and absence of violence/terrorism,government effectiveness,regulatory quality,and control of corruption have a positive and statistically significant impact on financial stability.However,inflation,money supply,and the rule of law have adverse and insignificant effects on financial stability.Notably,the findings vary between developed and emerging countries due to differences in governance and macroeconomic conditions and their role in financial stability.The study concludes that regulatory governance and macroeconomic conditions are crucial for financial stability.These outcomes are significant for central banks,academia,and policymakers,as they emphasize the need for stable financial systems and sustainable,balanced growth through governance and macroeconomic conditions.展开更多
A large number of residential buildings are still distributed above the elevation of the backwater line in a reservoir area of Baoshan City. The stability of the reservoir bank is a problem after the reservoir is impo...A large number of residential buildings are still distributed above the elevation of the backwater line in a reservoir area of Baoshan City. The stability of the reservoir bank is a problem after the reservoir is impounded. Through comprehensive engineering geological surveying and mapping, drilling and GIS results, the stability of bank collapse is analyzed and predicted, the engineering geological evaluation is carried out, and the treatment measures and suggestions are put forward.展开更多
Soil erosion and bank degradation is a major post-dam concern regarding the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The development and succession of vegetation is a main countermeasure,especially to enhance bank...Soil erosion and bank degradation is a major post-dam concern regarding the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The development and succession of vegetation is a main countermeasure,especially to enhance bank stability and mitigate soil erosion by the root system. In this study, the roots of four prevailing grass species, namely, Cynodon dactylon, Hemarthria altissima, Hemarthria compressa, and Paspalum paspaloides, in the riparian zone were investigated in relation to additional soil cohesion. Roots were sampled using a single root auger. Root length density（RLD） and root area ratio（RAR） were measured by using the Win RHIZO image analysis system. Root tensile strength（TR） was performed using a manualdynamometer, and the soil reinforcement caused by the roots was estimated using the simple Wu＇s perpendicular model. Results showed that RLD values of the studied species ranged from 0.24 cm/cm3 to20.89 cm/cm3 at different soil layers, and RLD were significantly greater at 0–10 cm depth in comparison to the deeper soil layers（＆gt;10 cm）. RAR measurements revealed that on average 0.21% of the reference soil area was occupied by grass roots for all the investigated species. The measured root tensile strength was the highest for P. paspaloides（62.26MPa） followed by C. dactylon（51.49 MPa）, H.compressa（50.66 MPa）, and H. altissima（48.81MPa）. Nevertheless, the estimated maximum root reinforcement in this investigation was 22.5 k Pa for H.altissima followed by H. compressa（21.1 k Pa）, P.paspaloides（19.5 k Pa）, and C. dactylon（15.4 k Pa） at0–5 cm depth soil layer. The root cohesion values estimated for all species were generally distributed at the 0–10 cm depth and decreased with the increment of soil depth. The higher root cohesion associated with H. altissima and H. compressa implies their suitability for revegetation purposes to strengthen the shallow soil in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Although the soil reinforcement induced by roots is only assessed from indirect indicators, the present results still useful for species selection in the framework of implementing and future vegetation recovery actions in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir and similar areas in the Yangtze River Basin.展开更多
文摘The study aims to explore the impact of governance and macroeconomic conditions on financial stability in developed and emerging countries.The study sample comprised 122 countries from 2013 to 2020,and a comprehensive set of variables was used to construct the financial stability index(FSI).The results of the two-step system GMM analysis,robust with D–K regression,indicate that interest rate,GDP growth,voice and accountability,political stability and absence of violence/terrorism,government effectiveness,regulatory quality,and control of corruption have a positive and statistically significant impact on financial stability.However,inflation,money supply,and the rule of law have adverse and insignificant effects on financial stability.Notably,the findings vary between developed and emerging countries due to differences in governance and macroeconomic conditions and their role in financial stability.The study concludes that regulatory governance and macroeconomic conditions are crucial for financial stability.These outcomes are significant for central banks,academia,and policymakers,as they emphasize the need for stable financial systems and sustainable,balanced growth through governance and macroeconomic conditions.
文摘A large number of residential buildings are still distributed above the elevation of the backwater line in a reservoir area of Baoshan City. The stability of the reservoir bank is a problem after the reservoir is impounded. Through comprehensive engineering geological surveying and mapping, drilling and GIS results, the stability of bank collapse is analyzed and predicted, the engineering geological evaluation is carried out, and the treatment measures and suggestions are put forward.
基金Financial support for this study was jointly provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41201272)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Action-plan for West Development (Grant No. KZCX2-XB3-09)the Chinese Academy of Science (Light of West China Program)
文摘Soil erosion and bank degradation is a major post-dam concern regarding the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The development and succession of vegetation is a main countermeasure,especially to enhance bank stability and mitigate soil erosion by the root system. In this study, the roots of four prevailing grass species, namely, Cynodon dactylon, Hemarthria altissima, Hemarthria compressa, and Paspalum paspaloides, in the riparian zone were investigated in relation to additional soil cohesion. Roots were sampled using a single root auger. Root length density（RLD） and root area ratio（RAR） were measured by using the Win RHIZO image analysis system. Root tensile strength（TR） was performed using a manualdynamometer, and the soil reinforcement caused by the roots was estimated using the simple Wu＇s perpendicular model. Results showed that RLD values of the studied species ranged from 0.24 cm/cm3 to20.89 cm/cm3 at different soil layers, and RLD were significantly greater at 0–10 cm depth in comparison to the deeper soil layers（＆gt;10 cm）. RAR measurements revealed that on average 0.21% of the reference soil area was occupied by grass roots for all the investigated species. The measured root tensile strength was the highest for P. paspaloides（62.26MPa） followed by C. dactylon（51.49 MPa）, H.compressa（50.66 MPa）, and H. altissima（48.81MPa）. Nevertheless, the estimated maximum root reinforcement in this investigation was 22.5 k Pa for H.altissima followed by H. compressa（21.1 k Pa）, P.paspaloides（19.5 k Pa）, and C. dactylon（15.4 k Pa） at0–5 cm depth soil layer. The root cohesion values estimated for all species were generally distributed at the 0–10 cm depth and decreased with the increment of soil depth. The higher root cohesion associated with H. altissima and H. compressa implies their suitability for revegetation purposes to strengthen the shallow soil in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Although the soil reinforcement induced by roots is only assessed from indirect indicators, the present results still useful for species selection in the framework of implementing and future vegetation recovery actions in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir and similar areas in the Yangtze River Basin.
