This paper presents a programmable frequency scan algorithm based on harmonic balance.The core idea involves treating systems under perturbation as nonlinear time-periodic(NTP)systems.Steady-state harmonics are first ...This paper presents a programmable frequency scan algorithm based on harmonic balance.The core idea involves treating systems under perturbation as nonlinear time-periodic(NTP)systems.Steady-state harmonics are first solved via Newton-Raphson iteration through a set of nonlinear equations,and then input-output variables are selected to estimate the linear transfer function of the original NTP system without perturbations.The applications and insights of the proposed algorithm are discussed,particularly in guiding existing frequency scan algorithms,which are restricted by time-domain signal generation or measurement.This improvement is achieved through linear stability analysis of NTP systems with perturbations.展开更多
In-situ enlargement of super-large-span tunnels can intensify excavation-induced unloading in the surrounding rock,increasing deformation demand and failure risk during construction.This study combines laboratory mode...In-situ enlargement of super-large-span tunnels can intensify excavation-induced unloading in the surrounding rock,increasing deformation demand and failure risk during construction.This study combines laboratory model tests with FLAC3D simulations to evaluate the stabilizing role of prestressed anchor cables and to establish an energy-balance framework for support optimization.Comparative model tests of existing and enlarged tunnel sections,with and without anchors,show that reinforcement increases load-carrying capacity,reduces displacement,and confines damage to more localized zones.The numerical simulations reproduce displacement fields,shear-strain localization,and plastic-zone evolution with good agreement against the experimental observations.The energy framework is implemented in the in-situ simulations by quantifying unloading-related energy release in the rock mass and reinforcement work contributed by the anchors,and by introducing an energy release–reinforcement ratio as a stability indicator.Parametric analyses indicate that anchor length,spacing,and prestress influence stability in a nonlinear manner,with diminishing returns once reinforcement extends beyond the mechanically dominant deformation zone.An efficient parameter window is identified that improves deformation and yielding control while avoiding unnecessary reinforcement.The results provide an energy-consistent and design-oriented basis for prestressed anchorage selection in large-span tunnel expansion.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the improvement effect of early postoperative rehabilitation training on balance ability and quality of life in elderly patients with hip fracture.Methods:A total of 50 elderly patients with hip f...Objective:To analyze the improvement effect of early postoperative rehabilitation training on balance ability and quality of life in elderly patients with hip fracture.Methods:A total of 50 elderly patients with hip fracture admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected and divided into the observation group(25 cases)and the control group(25 cases)by random number table method.The control group received routine nursing,while the observation group received early rehabilitation training on the basis of routine nursing.The balance ability(Berg Balance Scale,BBS)and quality of life(SF-36)of the two groups were compared.Results:The BBS scores of the observation group at all postoperative time points were significantly higher than those of the control group(p<0.05),and the quality-of-life scores of the observation group were also significantly higher than those of the control group(p<0.05).Conclusion:Early postoperative rehabilitation training for elderly patients with hip fracture can improve their balance ability,enhance their quality of life,and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications,which is worthy of clinical promotion.展开更多
The development of a vertically aligned vortex is crucial for tropical cyclone(TC)intensification,especially in the presence of environmental vertical wind shear(VWS).In comparison with previous studies,this study pro...The development of a vertically aligned vortex is crucial for tropical cyclone(TC)intensification,especially in the presence of environmental vertical wind shear(VWS).In comparison with previous studies,this study provides more rigorous evidence supporting the role of balanced dynamics in the evolution of vortex tilt by using the potential vorticity(PV)inversion method.Based on two idealized simulations of TCs subjected to nearly constant easterly shear of approximately 6 m s^(–1) and 10 m s^(–1),we demonstrate that the wavenumber-1 circulations directly responsible for vortex tilt evolution are predominantly captured by the balanced component,characterized by vortex Rossby waves.Furthermore,the adiabatic lifting resulting from the balanced response of the shear-tilted vortex contributes to enhanced convection in the TC inner core.As an air parcel undergoes cyclonic rotation,it ascends on the right side of the tilt vector,which increases relative humidity,leads to saturation,and drives the development of convective asymmetries,with maximum upward motion aligned with the tilt direction.This study suggests that the response of TC vortices to the environmental VWS involves complex interactions between vortex tilt,asymmetries in TC structure,and convection,all of which can largely be understood within the framework of balanced dynamics.展开更多
In the complex architecture of global value-chain(GVC)trade,firms’technological content increasingly reflects external knowledge flows.This study examines how inter-regional technological complementarity shapes firms...In the complex architecture of global value-chain(GVC)trade,firms’technological content increasingly reflects external knowledge flows.This study examines how inter-regional technological complementarity shapes firms’GVC advancement,measured by the domestic value-added rate(DVAR)in exports.Using integrated Chinese microdata(2000-2014),we find this complementarity significantly boosts export DVAR,explaining about one-quarter of its observed growth.Two mechanisms drive this effect:increased use of domestic intermediates and gains in firm productivity.The benefits are especially large for firms with lower human capital and for those in accessible,innovation-peripheral regions,helping narrow productivity gaps across firms and space.Affected firms also exhibit broader export scopes,higher product quality,more diversified destinations,and greater markups-firm-level evidence of GVC upgrading.These findings highlight how external technological linkages drive upgrading and underscore the importance of fostering inter-regional synergies for balanced development.展开更多
Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have ...Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population.Posture and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms.To effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory signals.The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work.Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults.Insufficient emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance.In the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease.We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults.Lastly,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Reinforcing metal matrix composites(MMCs)with nanophases of distinct characteristics is an effective strategy for utilizing their individual advantages and achieving superior properties of the composite.In this study,...Reinforcing metal matrix composites(MMCs)with nanophases of distinct characteristics is an effective strategy for utilizing their individual advantages and achieving superior properties of the composite.In this study,a combination of molecular level mixing(MLM),segment ball milling(SBM),and in-situ solid-phase reaction was employed to fabricate Cu matrix composites(TiC-CNT/Cu)reinforced with TiC decorated CNT(TiC@CNT)and in-situ nanoscale TiC particles.The HRTEM results revealed the epitaxial growth of interfacial TiC on the surface of CNT(i.e.,CNT(0002)//TiC(200),and the formation of a semi-coherent interface between TiC and Cu matrix,which can effectively enhance the interfacial bonding strength and optimize load transfer efficiency of CNT.The independent in-situ TiC nanoparticles got into the grain interior through grain boundary migration,thereby significantly enhancing both strain hardening capacity and strength of the composite by fully utilizing the Orowan strengthening mechanism.Moreover,the enhanced bonding strength of the interface can also effectively suppress crack initiation and propagation,thereby improving the fracture toughness of the composite.The TiC-CNT/Cu composite with 1.2 vol.%CNT exhibited a tensile strength of 372 MPa,achieving a super high strengthening efficiency of 270,while simultaneously maintaining a remarkable ductility of 21.2%.Furthermore,the impact toughness of the TiC-CNT/Cu composite exhibited a significant enhancement of 70.7%compared to that of the CNT/Cu composite,reaching an impressive value of 251 kJ/m^(2),thereby demonstrating exceptional fracture toughness.Fully exploiting the synergistic strengthening effect of different nanophases can be an effective way to improve the comprehensive properties of MMCs.展开更多
The aim of this study is to observe the therapeutic effect of Inonotus Obliquus Polysaccharide(IOP)on chronic nonbacterial prostatitis(CNP)and its effect on the helper T cells(Th17)and regulatory T cells(Treg)immune i...The aim of this study is to observe the therapeutic effect of Inonotus Obliquus Polysaccharide(IOP)on chronic nonbacterial prostatitis(CNP)and its effect on the helper T cells(Th17)and regulatory T cells(Treg)immune imbalance.The CNP rat models established by injecting Xiaozhiling injection were randomly divided into the model group,cernilton(40 mg/kg,i.g.)group and low-dose(35 mg/kg,i.g.),medium-dose(70 mg/kg,i.g.)and high-dose(140 mg/kg,i.g.)groups,with the same volume of saline injected into the same site as the control group.The prostate’s wet weight and body mass served as the basis for calculating the prostate index.The serum level of prostate-specific antigen(PSA)was detected by ELISA and the histopathology of prostate tissue was detected by HE staining.The protein expression of Foxp3,ROR-γt and STAT3 in rat prostatic tissue was determined by Western blot.The levels of Th17 and Treg cells infiltrated into the spleen were measured by flow cytometry.The results showed that treatment with IOP significantly reduced the levels of prostate index and serum PSA,and attenuated the pathological injury of the prostate tissue induced by CNP.With respect to samples induced by CNP alone,IOP treatment repressed the increased mRNA levels of IL-6,IL-17,IL-21,IL-23,ROR-γt and STAT3 in prostate tissue,while increasing the mRNA levels of IL-10,TGF-βand Foxp3 in prostate tissue.Meanwhile,IOP treatment attenuated the upregulation of the protein expression levels of ROR-γt and STAT3 in prostate tissue.Additionally,the protein expression of Foxp3 in prostate tissue was increased in the IOP-treated group.Flow cytometry analysis further demonstrated that IOP treatment regulated the balance between Th17 and Treg cells in the spleen in rat with CNP.Our study is the first to elucidate that IOP has significant therapeutic effects on CNP through regulation of Th17/Treg balance.Collectively,the study provides evidence for the potential of IOP to treat CNP.展开更多
This study uses prefecture-level city statistical data from China from 2000-2022 to measure the supply and demand of livestock manure nitrogen nutrients and calculates farmland livestock carrying capacity using the ni...This study uses prefecture-level city statistical data from China from 2000-2022 to measure the supply and demand of livestock manure nitrogen nutrients and calculates farmland livestock carrying capacity using the nitrogen nutrient balance method.We investigate nitrogen supply and demand and livestock carrying capacity in northeast China by comparing emissions from 2000-2022 over the past several decades.The poultry and livestock industry in northeast China has changed significantly over the past two decades:pigs are now the most bred animal and poultry production has increased dramatically.Regional livestock nitrogen emissions are influenced primarily by the size of the local livestock industry chain.Due to regional differences,each region has unique breeding structures.We also predict the anticipated situation in 2050 using the business-as usual scenario.High-risk livestock carrying capacity areas will be concentrated in the northeast and southeast regions,with significantly increased risk indices,compared with those of 2022,particularly in Shenyang,Fushun,and Tieling.Therefore,promoting farming and breeding,improving livestock manure utilization,and returning manure to nearby farmlands are crucial for meeting agricultural green development goals.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations between physical function assessment scales,such as Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)and Berg Balance Scale(BBS),with all-cause mortality in acute decompensated he...OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations between physical function assessment scales,such as Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)and Berg Balance Scale(BBS),with all-cause mortality in acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF)patients.METHODS A total of 108 ADHF patients were analyzed from October 2020 to October 2022,and followed up to May 2023.The association between baseline clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality was analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis,while for SPPB and BBS,univariate Cox regression analysis was followed by receiver operating characteristic curves,in which the area under the curve represented their predictive accuracy for all-cause mortality.Incremental predictive values for both physical function assessments were measured by calculating net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement scores.Optimal cutoff value for BBS was then identified using restricted cubic spline plots,and survival differences below and above that cut-off were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test.The clinical utility of BBS was measured using decision curve analysis.RESULTS For baseline characteristics,age,female,blood urea nitrogen,as well as statins,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,angiotensin II receptor blockers,or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors,were predictive for all-cause mortality for ADHF patients.With respect to SPPB and BBS,higher scores were associated with lower all-cause mortality rates for both assessments;similar area under the curves were measured for both(0.774 for SPPB and 0.776 for BBS).Furthermore,BBS≤36.5 was associated with significantly higher mortality,which was still applicable even adjusting for confounding factors;BBS was also found to have great clinical utility under decision curve analysis.CONCLUSIONS BBS or SPPB could be used as tools to assess physical function in ageing ADHF patients,as well as prognosticate on all-cause mortality.Moreover,prioritizing the improvement of balance capabilities of ADHF patients in cardiac rehabilitation regimens could aid in lowering mortality risk.展开更多
Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the t...Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the type of fluid are conflicting and generally come from small single-center randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effect of balanced solutions(BS)versus NS on patient-centered clinical outcomes in AP.Methods:From four databases searched up to October 2024,we included only RCTs of adult patients with AP that compared the use of BS(including LR,acetate Ringer’s,etc.)with NS.The primary out-come was the disease advances from AP to moderately severe and severe AP(MSAP/SAP).Trial sequential analyses(TSA)were conducted to control for type-I and type-II errors and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to assess the quality of evidence.Results:Six RCTs were identified and included,involving 260 patients treated with BS and 298 patients with NS.Patients who received the BS had less MSAP/SAP[odds ratio(OR)=0.50,95%confidence in-terval(CI):0.29 to 0.85,P=0.01,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,299 patients],reduced the need of ICU admission(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.39 to 0.93,P=0.02,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,507 patients)and shorter length of hospital stay[mean difference(MD)=-0.88,95%CI:-1.48 to-0.28,P=0.004,I^(2)=0%;6 studies,558 patients;confirmed by TSA with high certainty]compared with those who received NS.The evidence for most of the clinical outcomes was rated as moderate to low due to the risk of bias,imprecision and inconsistency.Conclusions:BS,compared with NS,was associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with AP.However,given the moderate to low quality of evidence for most of the outcomes assessed,further trials are warranted.展开更多
Despite rapid advancements in lidar technology,extremely long-range observation remains a signifi⁃cant challenge.Recently,2μm lasers have demonstrated a potential to be applied in CDWL(Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar)sys...Despite rapid advancements in lidar technology,extremely long-range observation remains a signifi⁃cant challenge.Recently,2μm lasers have demonstrated a potential to be applied in CDWL(Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar)system,for its high atmospheric penetration capability through the atmosphere and high potential la⁃ser power.In this study,we present a 2μm balanced detector that consists of a pair of commercial positive-intrin⁃sic-negative(PIN)diodes with a low-noise transimpedance circuit.To meet the high bandwidth requirements,the highspeed transimpedance circuit and bias voltage tuning method were utilized to overcome the large capaci⁃tance of PIN diodes.The circuit transfer function,stability analysis and noise calculation have been studied.The detector was co-packaged with a data acquisition module for convenient data transmission and bias voltage con⁃trol.The characteristics of the detector,including bandwidth,noise and bias voltage influence,are evaluated in laboratory.Results show that the RMS value of the balanced detector background noise is 539μV and the band⁃widths of the two diodes are 110.8 MHz and 110.3 MHz,respectively.The evaluation results show that the bal⁃anced detector meets the wind measurement requirements and allows for a 1.45×increase in bandwidth through bi⁃as voltage tuning.Our work offers insights into lidar detector design and bandwidth enhancement,providing a valuable reference for researchers and professionals in the field.More importantly,it lays a critical foundation for fu⁃ture ultra-long-range and space-borne 2μm coherent wind lidar systems by addressing key device-level challenges.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation aims to increase the survival of patients with end-stage liver diseases and improve their quality of life.The number of organs available for transplantation is lower than the demand.To...BACKGROUND Liver transplantation aims to increase the survival of patients with end-stage liver diseases and improve their quality of life.The number of organs available for transplantation is lower than the demand.To provide fair organ distribution,predictive mortality scores have been developed.AIM To compare the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV(APACHE IV),balance of risk(BAR),and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)scores as predictors of mortality.METHODS Retrospective cohort study,which included 283 adult patients in the postoperative period of deceased donor liver transplantation from 2014 to 2018.RESULTS The transplant recipients were mainly male,with a mean age of 58.1 years.Donors were mostly male,with a mean age of 41.6 years.The median cold ischemia time was 3.1 hours,and the median intensive care unit stay was 5 days.For APACHE IV,a mean of 59.6 was found,BAR 10.7,and MELD 24.2.The 28-day mortality rate was 9.5%,and at 90 days,it was 3.5%.The 28-day mortality prediction for APACHE IV was very good[area under the curve(AUC):0.85,P<0.001,95%CI:0.76-0.94],P<0.001,BAR(AUC:0.70,P<0.001,95%CI:0.58–0.81),and MELD(AUC:0.66,P<0.006,95%CI:0.55-0.78),P<0.008.At 90 days,the data for APACHE IV were very good(AUC:0.80,P<0.001,95%CI:0.71–0.90)and moderate for BAR and MELD,respectively,(AUC:0.66,P<0.004,95%CI:0.55–0.77),(AUC:0.62,P<0.026,95%CI:0.51–0.72).All showed good discrimination between deaths and survivors.As for the best value for liver transplantation,it was significant only for APACHE IV(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The APACHE IV assessment score was more accurate than BAR and MELD in predicting mortality in deceased donor liver transplant recipients.展开更多
The beam pumping unit(BPU)remains the most stable and reliable equipment for crude oil lifting.Despite its simple four-link mechanism,the structural design of the BPU presents a constrained single-objective optimizati...The beam pumping unit(BPU)remains the most stable and reliable equipment for crude oil lifting.Despite its simple four-link mechanism,the structural design of the BPU presents a constrained single-objective optimization problem.Currently,a comprehensive framework for the structural design and optimization of compound balanced BPUs is lacking.Therefore,this study proposes a novel structural design scheme for BPUs,aiming to meet the practical needs of designers and operators by sequentially optimizing both the dynamic characteristics and balance properties of the BPUs.A dynamic model of compound balanced BPU was established based on D'Alembert's principle.The constraints for structural dimensions were formulated based on the actual operational requirements and design experience with BPUs.To optimize the structure,three algorithms were employed:the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm,the genetic algorithm(GA),and the gray wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm.Each newly generated individuals are regulated by constraints to ensure the rationality of the outcomes.Furthermore,the integration of three algorithms ensures the increased likelihood of attaining the global optimal solution.The polished rod acceleration of the optimized structure is significantly reduced,and the dynamic characteristics of the up and down strokes are essentially symmetrical.Additionally,these three algorithms are also applied to the balance optimization of BPUs based on the measured dynamometer card.The calculation results demonstrate that the GWO-based optimization method exhibits excellent robustness in terms of structural optimization by enhancing the operational smoothness of the BPU,as well as in balance optimization by achieving energy conservation.By applying the optimization scheme proposed in this paper,the CYJW7-3-23HF type of BPU was designed,achieving a maximum polished rod acceleration of±0.675 m/s^(2) when operating at a stroke of 6 min^(−1).When deployed in two wells,the root-mean-square(RMS)torque was minimized,reaching values of 7.539 kN·m and 12.921 kN·m,respectively.The proposed design method not only contributes to the personalized customization but also improves the design efficiency of compound balanced BPUs.展开更多
Tai-Chi(TC)is a broadly used exercise that appeared to decrease the risk of falls.However,biomechanical mechanisms underlying the reduced fall risks following TC exercise remain unclear and hinder the ability to optim...Tai-Chi(TC)is a broadly used exercise that appeared to decrease the risk of falls.However,biomechanical mechanisms underlying the reduced fall risks following TC exercise remain unclear and hinder the ability to optimize TC intervention to target specific balance deficit disorders.In addition,combining TC gait exercise with ground support perturbation may be a viable approach to further challenge balance control compared to TC gait alone.The purpose of this study was to compare dynamic stability and limb support force production during comfortable walking speed(CWS),TC gait,and TC gait with medial(MED)and lateral(LAT)ground support perturbations in older and younger adults.Ten older adults and ten younger adults performed CWS,TC gait,LAT,and MED.Conditions involving TC gait showed decreased margin of stability(MoS)(main effect of condition,p<0.01)and increased vertical force impulse compared to CWS(p<0.01).Medial ground support perturbation induced the smallest MoS among all conditions.Older adults showed increased MoS compared to younger adults(p<0.01).These findings provided insight into how key balance control characteristics are modulated during TC exercise and indicate that combining ground support perturbation with TC may further challenge dynamic stability.展开更多
Under the context of global warming,the mechanism of glacier shrinkage has become a central focus in cryospheric research.The Ányêmaqên Mountain is the most densely distributed glacier area in the sourc...Under the context of global warming,the mechanism of glacier shrinkage has become a central focus in cryospheric research.The Ányêmaqên Mountain is the most densely distributed glacier area in the source region of the Yellow River on the Tibetan Plateau,and it is highly sensitive to climate change.This study utilized the distributed Coupled Snowpack and Ice Energy and Mass Balance Model(COSIMA),integrating High Asia Refinement Analysis(HAR)data and meteorological station observations,to simulate spatiotemporal patterns of energy and mass balance for Ányêmaqên Mountain glaciers.The results demonstrated an annual glacier mass balance of-0.50 m w.e.from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2023,with substantial mass loss(peaking at-5.4 m w.e.)observed in zones below 5300 m a.s.l.,notably the Halong,Weigeledangxiong,and Yehelong glaciers.The main energy sources for glacier melt were net shortwave radiation(79.38%),sensible heat flux(12.31%)and ground heat flux(8.30%).The main expenditure items of energy included net longwave radiation(67.05%),available heat for melt(14.97%)and latent heat flux(17.98%).Solid precipitation accounted for 95%of the accumulation of glacier mass balance,and melt-water refreezing accounted for 5.0%.Sensitivity experiments revealed that rising air temperatures and declining precipitation were the principal drivers of mass loss,with a 1 K temperature increase requiring a 20%annual precipitation increase to offset equivalent mass loss.The mass loss of glaciers was mainly caused by superimposed ice surface ablation and subsurface ablation.This study is an important reference for a deeper understanding of the glacier’s response to climate change in the source region of Yellow River.展开更多
Agroforestry systems,as composite ecosystems,possess dual characteristics of both forest and agricultural ecosystems.They have been widely recognized as an important land-use approach in agriculture and play a signifi...Agroforestry systems,as composite ecosystems,possess dual characteristics of both forest and agricultural ecosystems.They have been widely recognized as an important land-use approach in agriculture and play a significant role in changing the climate.However,they also face limitations,including uncertainties related to future global climate change,land use,and land cover.This paper summarized the important role of agroforestry systems in the global carbon cycle and carbon balance from the methods and means used in the research on carbon storage and carbon balance and the research status of carbon storage and carbon balance in agroforestry ecosystems at home and abroad,and pointed out the problems that need to be paid attention to in future research.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg)defciency is becoming a limiting factor for citrus production in acid soils of subtropical and tropical zones.It is speculated that soil Mg leaching and thereby its imbalance may be a major cause of yield...Magnesium(Mg)defciency is becoming a limiting factor for citrus production in acid soils of subtropical and tropical zones.It is speculated that soil Mg leaching and thereby its imbalance may be a major cause of yield decline,yet Mg defciency in citrus receives little attention.A two-year feld experiment was therefore conducted to quantify soil Mg leaching in a typical citrus orchard in China fertilized with varying levels of Mg(Mg0,no Mg fertilizer;Mg45,45 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1);Mg90,90 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1);Mg180,180 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1)).Results showed that Mg application signifcantly increased citrus fruit yield by 4.1-16.4%compared with where MgO was not added.The average amount of soil Mg leaching was 65.7 kg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)where no Mg fertilizer was added,while it reached up to 91.3 kg Mg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)where MgO was added at the rate of 180 kg ha^(-1).Over the 4 treatments,Mg leaching accounted for 12.1-42.4%of the applied Mg fertilizer.Mg leaching and its removal through harvested fruits resulted in an orchard soil Mg balance of-69.9,-51.1,-27.4 and 10.9 kg ha^(-1)in the Mg0,Mg45,Mg90and Mg180,treatments,respectively.The pH values of leachate from the acid soil were alkaline and it contained higher amounts of calcium and potassium than that of Mg.Considering the high leaching of Mg from the acid soils of citrus orchards,applications of Mg fertilizer or Mg-fortifed soil conditioner are vital to sustain soil Mg balance,high fruit yield and fruit quality in citrus production systems in humid subtropical regions.展开更多
IBI351,a synthetic compound,exerts its anti-tumor effects by specifically,covalently,and irreversibly modifying the 12th cysteine residue of KRAS G12C.However,the pharmacokinetic profile of IBI351 in humans has not ye...IBI351,a synthetic compound,exerts its anti-tumor effects by specifically,covalently,and irreversibly modifying the 12th cysteine residue of KRAS G12C.However,the pharmacokinetic profile of IBI351 in humans has not yet been reported.The current study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of IBI351 in healthy Chinese male subjects.A single oral dose of 600 mg combined with 150μCi[^(14)C]IBI351 was administered to six healthy male volunteers.Blood,urine,and fecal samples were collected at multiple time points to quantify the parent drug and its metabolites.IBI351 showed favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and was well tolerated by all participants.Seventeen major metabolites were identified in plasma,urine,and feces.The main metabolic pathways included oxidation,hydrogenation,sulfonate conjugation,glucuronide conjugation,and cysteine conjugation.Excretion of IBI351 and its metabolites occurred mainly through feces.Collectively,this first-in-human study provides essential data on the metabolism and safety of IBI351 in Chinese subjects and lays the foundation for its further clinical development as a novel anti-tumor drug.展开更多
Aiming at the problems such as low throughput and unbalanced load of data center network caused by traditional multipath routing strategy,a dynamic load balancing strategy for flow classification oriented to Fat-Tree ...Aiming at the problems such as low throughput and unbalanced load of data center network caused by traditional multipath routing strategy,a dynamic load balancing strategy for flow classification oriented to Fat-Tree topology based on the software defined network(SDN)architecture is proposed,named DLB-FC.Multi-index evaluation methods such as link state information and network traffic characteristics are considered.DLB-FC mechanism can dynamically adjust the flow classification threshold to differentiate between large and small flows.The scheme selects different forwarding paths to meet the transmission performance requirements of different flow characteristics.On this basis,an SDN simulation platform is built for performance testing.The simulation results show that DLB-FC algorithm can dynamically distinguish large flows from small flows and achieve load balancing effectively.Compared with equal-cost multi-path(ECMP),global first fit(GFF)and minmum total delay load routing(MTDLR)algorithms,DLB-FC scheme improves the network throughput and link utilization of the data center network effectively.The transmission delay is also reduced with better load balance.展开更多
基金supported by China Southern Power Grid Corporation(036000KC23090005(GDKJXM20231027)).
文摘This paper presents a programmable frequency scan algorithm based on harmonic balance.The core idea involves treating systems under perturbation as nonlinear time-periodic(NTP)systems.Steady-state harmonics are first solved via Newton-Raphson iteration through a set of nonlinear equations,and then input-output variables are selected to estimate the linear transfer function of the original NTP system without perturbations.The applications and insights of the proposed algorithm are discussed,particularly in guiding existing frequency scan algorithms,which are restricted by time-domain signal generation or measurement.This improvement is achieved through linear stability analysis of NTP systems with perturbations.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China,China(No.2024YFF0507903)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFF0507904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(Grant No.52379114).These supports are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘In-situ enlargement of super-large-span tunnels can intensify excavation-induced unloading in the surrounding rock,increasing deformation demand and failure risk during construction.This study combines laboratory model tests with FLAC3D simulations to evaluate the stabilizing role of prestressed anchor cables and to establish an energy-balance framework for support optimization.Comparative model tests of existing and enlarged tunnel sections,with and without anchors,show that reinforcement increases load-carrying capacity,reduces displacement,and confines damage to more localized zones.The numerical simulations reproduce displacement fields,shear-strain localization,and plastic-zone evolution with good agreement against the experimental observations.The energy framework is implemented in the in-situ simulations by quantifying unloading-related energy release in the rock mass and reinforcement work contributed by the anchors,and by introducing an energy release–reinforcement ratio as a stability indicator.Parametric analyses indicate that anchor length,spacing,and prestress influence stability in a nonlinear manner,with diminishing returns once reinforcement extends beyond the mechanically dominant deformation zone.An efficient parameter window is identified that improves deformation and yielding control while avoiding unnecessary reinforcement.The results provide an energy-consistent and design-oriented basis for prestressed anchorage selection in large-span tunnel expansion.
基金Chongqing Education Science Planning Project.Project Name:Research on Talent Training of Community Rehabilitation Major in Higher Vocational Colleges Based on OBE Concept(Project No.:K23ZG3420222)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the improvement effect of early postoperative rehabilitation training on balance ability and quality of life in elderly patients with hip fracture.Methods:A total of 50 elderly patients with hip fracture admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected and divided into the observation group(25 cases)and the control group(25 cases)by random number table method.The control group received routine nursing,while the observation group received early rehabilitation training on the basis of routine nursing.The balance ability(Berg Balance Scale,BBS)and quality of life(SF-36)of the two groups were compared.Results:The BBS scores of the observation group at all postoperative time points were significantly higher than those of the control group(p<0.05),and the quality-of-life scores of the observation group were also significantly higher than those of the control group(p<0.05).Conclusion:Early postoperative rehabilitation training for elderly patients with hip fracture can improve their balance ability,enhance their quality of life,and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications,which is worthy of clinical promotion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42192551,42150710531).
文摘The development of a vertically aligned vortex is crucial for tropical cyclone(TC)intensification,especially in the presence of environmental vertical wind shear(VWS).In comparison with previous studies,this study provides more rigorous evidence supporting the role of balanced dynamics in the evolution of vortex tilt by using the potential vorticity(PV)inversion method.Based on two idealized simulations of TCs subjected to nearly constant easterly shear of approximately 6 m s^(–1) and 10 m s^(–1),we demonstrate that the wavenumber-1 circulations directly responsible for vortex tilt evolution are predominantly captured by the balanced component,characterized by vortex Rossby waves.Furthermore,the adiabatic lifting resulting from the balanced response of the shear-tilted vortex contributes to enhanced convection in the TC inner core.As an air parcel undergoes cyclonic rotation,it ascends on the right side of the tilt vector,which increases relative humidity,leads to saturation,and drives the development of convective asymmetries,with maximum upward motion aligned with the tilt direction.This study suggests that the response of TC vortices to the environmental VWS involves complex interactions between vortex tilt,asymmetries in TC structure,and convection,all of which can largely be understood within the framework of balanced dynamics.
基金supported by the following grants:National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)(Major Project)“Research on the Mechanism and Breakthrough Path for Achieving Key Core Technologies through the Coupling of Innovation Chains and Industrial Chains”(Grant No.22&ZD093)Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences,Ministry of Education“Research on Innovation Development Theory Based on Chinese Practice”(Grant No.23CEDRZ03).
文摘In the complex architecture of global value-chain(GVC)trade,firms’technological content increasingly reflects external knowledge flows.This study examines how inter-regional technological complementarity shapes firms’GVC advancement,measured by the domestic value-added rate(DVAR)in exports.Using integrated Chinese microdata(2000-2014),we find this complementarity significantly boosts export DVAR,explaining about one-quarter of its observed growth.Two mechanisms drive this effect:increased use of domestic intermediates and gains in firm productivity.The benefits are especially large for firms with lower human capital and for those in accessible,innovation-peripheral regions,helping narrow productivity gaps across firms and space.Affected firms also exhibit broader export scopes,higher product quality,more diversified destinations,and greater markups-firm-level evidence of GVC upgrading.These findings highlight how external technological linkages drive upgrading and underscore the importance of fostering inter-regional synergies for balanced development.
文摘Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population.Posture and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms.To effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory signals.The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work.Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults.Insufficient emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance.In the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease.We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults.Lastly,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371136)the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.202202AG050004).
文摘Reinforcing metal matrix composites(MMCs)with nanophases of distinct characteristics is an effective strategy for utilizing their individual advantages and achieving superior properties of the composite.In this study,a combination of molecular level mixing(MLM),segment ball milling(SBM),and in-situ solid-phase reaction was employed to fabricate Cu matrix composites(TiC-CNT/Cu)reinforced with TiC decorated CNT(TiC@CNT)and in-situ nanoscale TiC particles.The HRTEM results revealed the epitaxial growth of interfacial TiC on the surface of CNT(i.e.,CNT(0002)//TiC(200),and the formation of a semi-coherent interface between TiC and Cu matrix,which can effectively enhance the interfacial bonding strength and optimize load transfer efficiency of CNT.The independent in-situ TiC nanoparticles got into the grain interior through grain boundary migration,thereby significantly enhancing both strain hardening capacity and strength of the composite by fully utilizing the Orowan strengthening mechanism.Moreover,the enhanced bonding strength of the interface can also effectively suppress crack initiation and propagation,thereby improving the fracture toughness of the composite.The TiC-CNT/Cu composite with 1.2 vol.%CNT exhibited a tensile strength of 372 MPa,achieving a super high strengthening efficiency of 270,while simultaneously maintaining a remarkable ductility of 21.2%.Furthermore,the impact toughness of the TiC-CNT/Cu composite exhibited a significant enhancement of 70.7%compared to that of the CNT/Cu composite,reaching an impressive value of 251 kJ/m^(2),thereby demonstrating exceptional fracture toughness.Fully exploiting the synergistic strengthening effect of different nanophases can be an effective way to improve the comprehensive properties of MMCs.
基金Shanxi Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration Research Project(Grant No.2022ZYYC094)Science and technology innovation project of universities in Shanxi Province(Grant No.2022L342)+1 种基金Shanxi Leader Team of Medical Science&Technology Innovations(Grant No.2020TD02)Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine Chemistry(Grant No.2024XKJS-25).
文摘The aim of this study is to observe the therapeutic effect of Inonotus Obliquus Polysaccharide(IOP)on chronic nonbacterial prostatitis(CNP)and its effect on the helper T cells(Th17)and regulatory T cells(Treg)immune imbalance.The CNP rat models established by injecting Xiaozhiling injection were randomly divided into the model group,cernilton(40 mg/kg,i.g.)group and low-dose(35 mg/kg,i.g.),medium-dose(70 mg/kg,i.g.)and high-dose(140 mg/kg,i.g.)groups,with the same volume of saline injected into the same site as the control group.The prostate’s wet weight and body mass served as the basis for calculating the prostate index.The serum level of prostate-specific antigen(PSA)was detected by ELISA and the histopathology of prostate tissue was detected by HE staining.The protein expression of Foxp3,ROR-γt and STAT3 in rat prostatic tissue was determined by Western blot.The levels of Th17 and Treg cells infiltrated into the spleen were measured by flow cytometry.The results showed that treatment with IOP significantly reduced the levels of prostate index and serum PSA,and attenuated the pathological injury of the prostate tissue induced by CNP.With respect to samples induced by CNP alone,IOP treatment repressed the increased mRNA levels of IL-6,IL-17,IL-21,IL-23,ROR-γt and STAT3 in prostate tissue,while increasing the mRNA levels of IL-10,TGF-βand Foxp3 in prostate tissue.Meanwhile,IOP treatment attenuated the upregulation of the protein expression levels of ROR-γt and STAT3 in prostate tissue.Additionally,the protein expression of Foxp3 in prostate tissue was increased in the IOP-treated group.Flow cytometry analysis further demonstrated that IOP treatment regulated the balance between Th17 and Treg cells in the spleen in rat with CNP.Our study is the first to elucidate that IOP has significant therapeutic effects on CNP through regulation of Th17/Treg balance.Collectively,the study provides evidence for the potential of IOP to treat CNP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Youth Project“Research on the Environmental-economic Synergistic Mechanism and Promotion Strategy of Farming and Breeding Circular Pattern in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China”[Grant No.72303087].
文摘This study uses prefecture-level city statistical data from China from 2000-2022 to measure the supply and demand of livestock manure nitrogen nutrients and calculates farmland livestock carrying capacity using the nitrogen nutrient balance method.We investigate nitrogen supply and demand and livestock carrying capacity in northeast China by comparing emissions from 2000-2022 over the past several decades.The poultry and livestock industry in northeast China has changed significantly over the past two decades:pigs are now the most bred animal and poultry production has increased dramatically.Regional livestock nitrogen emissions are influenced primarily by the size of the local livestock industry chain.Due to regional differences,each region has unique breeding structures.We also predict the anticipated situation in 2050 using the business-as usual scenario.High-risk livestock carrying capacity areas will be concentrated in the northeast and southeast regions,with significantly increased risk indices,compared with those of 2022,particularly in Shenyang,Fushun,and Tieling.Therefore,promoting farming and breeding,improving livestock manure utilization,and returning manure to nearby farmlands are crucial for meeting agricultural green development goals.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Special Project of the Autonomous Region(No.2022B03023-3)the Key Supported Discipline of Health System in Shanghai(No.2023ZDFC0302)。
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations between physical function assessment scales,such as Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)and Berg Balance Scale(BBS),with all-cause mortality in acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF)patients.METHODS A total of 108 ADHF patients were analyzed from October 2020 to October 2022,and followed up to May 2023.The association between baseline clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality was analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis,while for SPPB and BBS,univariate Cox regression analysis was followed by receiver operating characteristic curves,in which the area under the curve represented their predictive accuracy for all-cause mortality.Incremental predictive values for both physical function assessments were measured by calculating net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement scores.Optimal cutoff value for BBS was then identified using restricted cubic spline plots,and survival differences below and above that cut-off were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test.The clinical utility of BBS was measured using decision curve analysis.RESULTS For baseline characteristics,age,female,blood urea nitrogen,as well as statins,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,angiotensin II receptor blockers,or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors,were predictive for all-cause mortality for ADHF patients.With respect to SPPB and BBS,higher scores were associated with lower all-cause mortality rates for both assessments;similar area under the curves were measured for both(0.774 for SPPB and 0.776 for BBS).Furthermore,BBS≤36.5 was associated with significantly higher mortality,which was still applicable even adjusting for confounding factors;BBS was also found to have great clinical utility under decision curve analysis.CONCLUSIONS BBS or SPPB could be used as tools to assess physical function in ageing ADHF patients,as well as prognosticate on all-cause mortality.Moreover,prioritizing the improvement of balance capabilities of ADHF patients in cardiac rehabilitation regimens could aid in lowering mortality risk.
文摘Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the type of fluid are conflicting and generally come from small single-center randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effect of balanced solutions(BS)versus NS on patient-centered clinical outcomes in AP.Methods:From four databases searched up to October 2024,we included only RCTs of adult patients with AP that compared the use of BS(including LR,acetate Ringer’s,etc.)with NS.The primary out-come was the disease advances from AP to moderately severe and severe AP(MSAP/SAP).Trial sequential analyses(TSA)were conducted to control for type-I and type-II errors and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to assess the quality of evidence.Results:Six RCTs were identified and included,involving 260 patients treated with BS and 298 patients with NS.Patients who received the BS had less MSAP/SAP[odds ratio(OR)=0.50,95%confidence in-terval(CI):0.29 to 0.85,P=0.01,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,299 patients],reduced the need of ICU admission(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.39 to 0.93,P=0.02,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,507 patients)and shorter length of hospital stay[mean difference(MD)=-0.88,95%CI:-1.48 to-0.28,P=0.004,I^(2)=0%;6 studies,558 patients;confirmed by TSA with high certainty]compared with those who received NS.The evidence for most of the clinical outcomes was rated as moderate to low due to the risk of bias,imprecision and inconsistency.Conclusions:BS,compared with NS,was associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with AP.However,given the moderate to low quality of evidence for most of the outcomes assessed,further trials are warranted.
基金Supported by the National key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3903103,2023YFC3081100)。
文摘Despite rapid advancements in lidar technology,extremely long-range observation remains a signifi⁃cant challenge.Recently,2μm lasers have demonstrated a potential to be applied in CDWL(Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar)system,for its high atmospheric penetration capability through the atmosphere and high potential la⁃ser power.In this study,we present a 2μm balanced detector that consists of a pair of commercial positive-intrin⁃sic-negative(PIN)diodes with a low-noise transimpedance circuit.To meet the high bandwidth requirements,the highspeed transimpedance circuit and bias voltage tuning method were utilized to overcome the large capaci⁃tance of PIN diodes.The circuit transfer function,stability analysis and noise calculation have been studied.The detector was co-packaged with a data acquisition module for convenient data transmission and bias voltage con⁃trol.The characteristics of the detector,including bandwidth,noise and bias voltage influence,are evaluated in laboratory.Results show that the RMS value of the balanced detector background noise is 539μV and the band⁃widths of the two diodes are 110.8 MHz and 110.3 MHz,respectively.The evaluation results show that the bal⁃anced detector meets the wind measurement requirements and allows for a 1.45×increase in bandwidth through bi⁃as voltage tuning.Our work offers insights into lidar detector design and bandwidth enhancement,providing a valuable reference for researchers and professionals in the field.More importantly,it lays a critical foundation for fu⁃ture ultra-long-range and space-borne 2μm coherent wind lidar systems by addressing key device-level challenges.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver transplantation aims to increase the survival of patients with end-stage liver diseases and improve their quality of life.The number of organs available for transplantation is lower than the demand.To provide fair organ distribution,predictive mortality scores have been developed.AIM To compare the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV(APACHE IV),balance of risk(BAR),and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)scores as predictors of mortality.METHODS Retrospective cohort study,which included 283 adult patients in the postoperative period of deceased donor liver transplantation from 2014 to 2018.RESULTS The transplant recipients were mainly male,with a mean age of 58.1 years.Donors were mostly male,with a mean age of 41.6 years.The median cold ischemia time was 3.1 hours,and the median intensive care unit stay was 5 days.For APACHE IV,a mean of 59.6 was found,BAR 10.7,and MELD 24.2.The 28-day mortality rate was 9.5%,and at 90 days,it was 3.5%.The 28-day mortality prediction for APACHE IV was very good[area under the curve(AUC):0.85,P<0.001,95%CI:0.76-0.94],P<0.001,BAR(AUC:0.70,P<0.001,95%CI:0.58–0.81),and MELD(AUC:0.66,P<0.006,95%CI:0.55-0.78),P<0.008.At 90 days,the data for APACHE IV were very good(AUC:0.80,P<0.001,95%CI:0.71–0.90)and moderate for BAR and MELD,respectively,(AUC:0.66,P<0.004,95%CI:0.55–0.77),(AUC:0.62,P<0.026,95%CI:0.51–0.72).All showed good discrimination between deaths and survivors.As for the best value for liver transplantation,it was significant only for APACHE IV(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The APACHE IV assessment score was more accurate than BAR and MELD in predicting mortality in deceased donor liver transplant recipients.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Petroleum and Natural Gas Equipment,Ministry of Education(No.OGE202303-08)Engineering Technology Research Center for Industrial Internet of Things and Intelligent Sensing,Hubei Province(No.KXZ 202203).
文摘The beam pumping unit(BPU)remains the most stable and reliable equipment for crude oil lifting.Despite its simple four-link mechanism,the structural design of the BPU presents a constrained single-objective optimization problem.Currently,a comprehensive framework for the structural design and optimization of compound balanced BPUs is lacking.Therefore,this study proposes a novel structural design scheme for BPUs,aiming to meet the practical needs of designers and operators by sequentially optimizing both the dynamic characteristics and balance properties of the BPUs.A dynamic model of compound balanced BPU was established based on D'Alembert's principle.The constraints for structural dimensions were formulated based on the actual operational requirements and design experience with BPUs.To optimize the structure,three algorithms were employed:the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm,the genetic algorithm(GA),and the gray wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm.Each newly generated individuals are regulated by constraints to ensure the rationality of the outcomes.Furthermore,the integration of three algorithms ensures the increased likelihood of attaining the global optimal solution.The polished rod acceleration of the optimized structure is significantly reduced,and the dynamic characteristics of the up and down strokes are essentially symmetrical.Additionally,these three algorithms are also applied to the balance optimization of BPUs based on the measured dynamometer card.The calculation results demonstrate that the GWO-based optimization method exhibits excellent robustness in terms of structural optimization by enhancing the operational smoothness of the BPU,as well as in balance optimization by achieving energy conservation.By applying the optimization scheme proposed in this paper,the CYJW7-3-23HF type of BPU was designed,achieving a maximum polished rod acceleration of±0.675 m/s^(2) when operating at a stroke of 6 min^(−1).When deployed in two wells,the root-mean-square(RMS)torque was minimized,reaching values of 7.539 kN·m and 12.921 kN·m,respectively.The proposed design method not only contributes to the personalized customization but also improves the design efficiency of compound balanced BPUs.
基金College of Education Small Grant Award at the University of Texas at Austin.
文摘Tai-Chi(TC)is a broadly used exercise that appeared to decrease the risk of falls.However,biomechanical mechanisms underlying the reduced fall risks following TC exercise remain unclear and hinder the ability to optimize TC intervention to target specific balance deficit disorders.In addition,combining TC gait exercise with ground support perturbation may be a viable approach to further challenge balance control compared to TC gait alone.The purpose of this study was to compare dynamic stability and limb support force production during comfortable walking speed(CWS),TC gait,and TC gait with medial(MED)and lateral(LAT)ground support perturbations in older and younger adults.Ten older adults and ten younger adults performed CWS,TC gait,LAT,and MED.Conditions involving TC gait showed decreased margin of stability(MoS)(main effect of condition,p<0.01)and increased vertical force impulse compared to CWS(p<0.01).Medial ground support perturbation induced the smallest MoS among all conditions.Older adults showed increased MoS compared to younger adults(p<0.01).These findings provided insight into how key balance control characteristics are modulated during TC exercise and indicate that combining ground support perturbation with TC may further challenge dynamic stability.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3206300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271156)the program of the Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering,CAS(No.CSFSE-ZZ-2402).
文摘Under the context of global warming,the mechanism of glacier shrinkage has become a central focus in cryospheric research.The Ányêmaqên Mountain is the most densely distributed glacier area in the source region of the Yellow River on the Tibetan Plateau,and it is highly sensitive to climate change.This study utilized the distributed Coupled Snowpack and Ice Energy and Mass Balance Model(COSIMA),integrating High Asia Refinement Analysis(HAR)data and meteorological station observations,to simulate spatiotemporal patterns of energy and mass balance for Ányêmaqên Mountain glaciers.The results demonstrated an annual glacier mass balance of-0.50 m w.e.from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2023,with substantial mass loss(peaking at-5.4 m w.e.)observed in zones below 5300 m a.s.l.,notably the Halong,Weigeledangxiong,and Yehelong glaciers.The main energy sources for glacier melt were net shortwave radiation(79.38%),sensible heat flux(12.31%)and ground heat flux(8.30%).The main expenditure items of energy included net longwave radiation(67.05%),available heat for melt(14.97%)and latent heat flux(17.98%).Solid precipitation accounted for 95%of the accumulation of glacier mass balance,and melt-water refreezing accounted for 5.0%.Sensitivity experiments revealed that rising air temperatures and declining precipitation were the principal drivers of mass loss,with a 1 K temperature increase requiring a 20%annual precipitation increase to offset equivalent mass loss.The mass loss of glaciers was mainly caused by superimposed ice surface ablation and subsurface ablation.This study is an important reference for a deeper understanding of the glacier’s response to climate change in the source region of Yellow River.
文摘Agroforestry systems,as composite ecosystems,possess dual characteristics of both forest and agricultural ecosystems.They have been widely recognized as an important land-use approach in agriculture and play a significant role in changing the climate.However,they also face limitations,including uncertainties related to future global climate change,land use,and land cover.This paper summarized the important role of agroforestry systems in the global carbon cycle and carbon balance from the methods and means used in the research on carbon storage and carbon balance and the research status of carbon storage and carbon balance in agroforestry ecosystems at home and abroad,and pointed out the problems that need to be paid attention to in future research.
基金supported by the International Magnesium Institute,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172676)+2 种基金the Danling Science&Technology Backyard Project,China(F2024236)the Dalian Xinmei Project,China(MY01-2023-2025-02)the Sichuan Province Regional Innovation Cooperation Project,China(22QYCX0073)。
文摘Magnesium(Mg)defciency is becoming a limiting factor for citrus production in acid soils of subtropical and tropical zones.It is speculated that soil Mg leaching and thereby its imbalance may be a major cause of yield decline,yet Mg defciency in citrus receives little attention.A two-year feld experiment was therefore conducted to quantify soil Mg leaching in a typical citrus orchard in China fertilized with varying levels of Mg(Mg0,no Mg fertilizer;Mg45,45 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1);Mg90,90 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1);Mg180,180 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1)).Results showed that Mg application signifcantly increased citrus fruit yield by 4.1-16.4%compared with where MgO was not added.The average amount of soil Mg leaching was 65.7 kg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)where no Mg fertilizer was added,while it reached up to 91.3 kg Mg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)where MgO was added at the rate of 180 kg ha^(-1).Over the 4 treatments,Mg leaching accounted for 12.1-42.4%of the applied Mg fertilizer.Mg leaching and its removal through harvested fruits resulted in an orchard soil Mg balance of-69.9,-51.1,-27.4 and 10.9 kg ha^(-1)in the Mg0,Mg45,Mg90and Mg180,treatments,respectively.The pH values of leachate from the acid soil were alkaline and it contained higher amounts of calcium and potassium than that of Mg.Considering the high leaching of Mg from the acid soils of citrus orchards,applications of Mg fertilizer or Mg-fortifed soil conditioner are vital to sustain soil Mg balance,high fruit yield and fruit quality in citrus production systems in humid subtropical regions.
基金supported by funding from the 13th Five-Year Plan New Drug Creation Program—Isotope Tracer Technology Platform for Clinical Evaluation of Innovative Drugs(Grant No.2017ZX09304032 with project leaders Jun Zhao and Chen Zhou).
文摘IBI351,a synthetic compound,exerts its anti-tumor effects by specifically,covalently,and irreversibly modifying the 12th cysteine residue of KRAS G12C.However,the pharmacokinetic profile of IBI351 in humans has not yet been reported.The current study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of IBI351 in healthy Chinese male subjects.A single oral dose of 600 mg combined with 150μCi[^(14)C]IBI351 was administered to six healthy male volunteers.Blood,urine,and fecal samples were collected at multiple time points to quantify the parent drug and its metabolites.IBI351 showed favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and was well tolerated by all participants.Seventeen major metabolites were identified in plasma,urine,and feces.The main metabolic pathways included oxidation,hydrogenation,sulfonate conjugation,glucuronide conjugation,and cysteine conjugation.Excretion of IBI351 and its metabolites occurred mainly through feces.Collectively,this first-in-human study provides essential data on the metabolism and safety of IBI351 in Chinese subjects and lays the foundation for its further clinical development as a novel anti-tumor drug.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61672270)Jiangsu Provionce Teaching Reform Project for Cloud Computing Technology and Application Talent Training(No.201802130049).
文摘Aiming at the problems such as low throughput and unbalanced load of data center network caused by traditional multipath routing strategy,a dynamic load balancing strategy for flow classification oriented to Fat-Tree topology based on the software defined network(SDN)architecture is proposed,named DLB-FC.Multi-index evaluation methods such as link state information and network traffic characteristics are considered.DLB-FC mechanism can dynamically adjust the flow classification threshold to differentiate between large and small flows.The scheme selects different forwarding paths to meet the transmission performance requirements of different flow characteristics.On this basis,an SDN simulation platform is built for performance testing.The simulation results show that DLB-FC algorithm can dynamically distinguish large flows from small flows and achieve load balancing effectively.Compared with equal-cost multi-path(ECMP),global first fit(GFF)and minmum total delay load routing(MTDLR)algorithms,DLB-FC scheme improves the network throughput and link utilization of the data center network effectively.The transmission delay is also reduced with better load balance.
