During 2009 and 2010, 23 night-time mosquito captures were made at Kanci obora in south-eastern Moravia, Czech Republic. It was used in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDCP） miniature light traps wit...During 2009 and 2010, 23 night-time mosquito captures were made at Kanci obora in south-eastern Moravia, Czech Republic. It was used in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDCP） miniature light traps with CO2 （dry ice） and baited lard-can traps in which sentinel animals were replaced with a container filled with CO2 （dry ice）. In the observed period, a total of 31,882 female mosquitoes were captured by CDC miniature light traps with CO2. Lard-can traps baited with CO2 captured 995 females under the same conditions, which is just 3.12% of the quantity from the CDC traps. At the same time, there were significant differences in the proportional captures of various species. Compared to CDC miniature light traps, baited lard-can traps much more often captured Aedes cinereus （16.58% of total versus 1.93% in CDC traps）, Culex modestus （15.48% versus 4.62%）, and Ae. rossicus （6.13% versus 2.67%）. On the other hand, capture of female Ae. vexans was proportionally much lower （15.38% versus 36.41%）. Capture of Cx. pipiens was more or less the same 14.77% （miniature light traps） and 15.76% （baited lard-can traps）. The occurrence of the calamity species Ae. sticticus was proportionally very high in both trap types （30.05% in lard-can traps baited with CO2, 33.58% in CDC miniature light traps）. The findings prove that a trap＇s design itself significantly affects not only the overall capture of mosquitoes but also the proportional representation of individual species.展开更多
Ants make up an important group of insects of the Cerrado in terms of biomass, number of individuals, and ecological impact. The main goals of this study were to quantify the species richness and species diversity of ...Ants make up an important group of insects of the Cerrado in terms of biomass, number of individuals, and ecological impact. The main goals of this study were to quantify the species richness and species diversity of the family Formicidae in two riparian Cerrado physiognomies: Ciliary Forest and Gallery Forest, and to evaluate the effectiveness of two collection techniques for these organisms. The study was conducted during the dry season, comprising the months of May to October 2012, in the municipality of Quirinópolis, Goiás State, Brazil. Samples were made using two capture techniques: sardine baits and pitfall traps. Manual collection was employed to extend the range of faunistic composition of the ants. We collected 24 species of ants in the Gallery Forest and 23 in the Ciliary Forest. The genus Megalomyrmex was the most representative, being present in 49.46% of the samples, and secondly the genus Pheidole, with 15.36% of the total individuals captured. From a total of 10,917 individuals, 9140 were captured using the bait technique, 1738 with traps, and 39 individuals through manual collection. Similar results were found in the Cerrado of Paineiras, with 45 ant species distributed in 16 genera belonging to 5 subfamilies.展开更多
A survey of two-year studies (2001—2003) was carried out in two olive grovessited at two representative olive growing areas, namely Paradise Park (arid area) and Burg El-Arabfarm (semi-arid area) to monitor the frequ...A survey of two-year studies (2001—2003) was carried out in two olive grovessited at two representative olive growing areas, namely Paradise Park (arid area) and Burg El-Arabfarm (semi-arid area) to monitor the frequency of endemic Trichogramma species on olive moth (Praysoleae) and jasmine moth (Palpita unionalis). The suspended host bait traps were found to be a morepractical and effective tool for collecting Trichogramma wasps than the attached ones. Fournaturally occurring Trichogramma species were collected for the first time in Egypt from the olivegroves, where releases have never been conducted. T. bourarachae was collected exclusively from BurgEl-Arab farm. It seems that this wasp species adapts well to the semi-arid area. Three species,namely T. cordubensis, T. nr. pretiosum and T. cacociae were isolated from Paradise Park farm. Allof these wasps were also bred from naturally parasitized host eggs during favorable and even atunfavorable temperature conditions of June-August. However, these endemic species did not occurnaturally in sufficient numbers to keep the pest populations from reaching damaging levels. Theexcessive usage of insecticides and the oophagous predators (e.g., ants and lacewing larvae) aresome factors that affect the performance of Trichogramma wasps in olive farms. The presence of warmweather wasp strains suggests the existence of well-adapted wasp species or strains which may beappropriate candidates for the control of target pests in olive groves. Additional study is requiredto determine the best 'habitat-specific' species/ strains of Trichogramma for augmentative releaseof naturally occurring wasps and to incorporate them into integrated pest management programs.Efforts should be made to conserve these endemic species from oophagous predators, hot weather andinsecticides. The olive and jasmine moth-larvae and pupae found under tree canopies were bred andemerged parasitoids were listed.展开更多
文摘During 2009 and 2010, 23 night-time mosquito captures were made at Kanci obora in south-eastern Moravia, Czech Republic. It was used in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDCP） miniature light traps with CO2 （dry ice） and baited lard-can traps in which sentinel animals were replaced with a container filled with CO2 （dry ice）. In the observed period, a total of 31,882 female mosquitoes were captured by CDC miniature light traps with CO2. Lard-can traps baited with CO2 captured 995 females under the same conditions, which is just 3.12% of the quantity from the CDC traps. At the same time, there were significant differences in the proportional captures of various species. Compared to CDC miniature light traps, baited lard-can traps much more often captured Aedes cinereus （16.58% of total versus 1.93% in CDC traps）, Culex modestus （15.48% versus 4.62%）, and Ae. rossicus （6.13% versus 2.67%）. On the other hand, capture of female Ae. vexans was proportionally much lower （15.38% versus 36.41%）. Capture of Cx. pipiens was more or less the same 14.77% （miniature light traps） and 15.76% （baited lard-can traps）. The occurrence of the calamity species Ae. sticticus was proportionally very high in both trap types （30.05% in lard-can traps baited with CO2, 33.58% in CDC miniature light traps）. The findings prove that a trap＇s design itself significantly affects not only the overall capture of mosquitoes but also the proportional representation of individual species.
文摘Ants make up an important group of insects of the Cerrado in terms of biomass, number of individuals, and ecological impact. The main goals of this study were to quantify the species richness and species diversity of the family Formicidae in two riparian Cerrado physiognomies: Ciliary Forest and Gallery Forest, and to evaluate the effectiveness of two collection techniques for these organisms. The study was conducted during the dry season, comprising the months of May to October 2012, in the municipality of Quirinópolis, Goiás State, Brazil. Samples were made using two capture techniques: sardine baits and pitfall traps. Manual collection was employed to extend the range of faunistic composition of the ants. We collected 24 species of ants in the Gallery Forest and 23 in the Ciliary Forest. The genus Megalomyrmex was the most representative, being present in 49.46% of the samples, and secondly the genus Pheidole, with 15.36% of the total individuals captured. From a total of 10,917 individuals, 9140 were captured using the bait technique, 1738 with traps, and 39 individuals through manual collection. Similar results were found in the Cerrado of Paineiras, with 45 ant species distributed in 16 genera belonging to 5 subfamilies.
文摘A survey of two-year studies (2001—2003) was carried out in two olive grovessited at two representative olive growing areas, namely Paradise Park (arid area) and Burg El-Arabfarm (semi-arid area) to monitor the frequency of endemic Trichogramma species on olive moth (Praysoleae) and jasmine moth (Palpita unionalis). The suspended host bait traps were found to be a morepractical and effective tool for collecting Trichogramma wasps than the attached ones. Fournaturally occurring Trichogramma species were collected for the first time in Egypt from the olivegroves, where releases have never been conducted. T. bourarachae was collected exclusively from BurgEl-Arab farm. It seems that this wasp species adapts well to the semi-arid area. Three species,namely T. cordubensis, T. nr. pretiosum and T. cacociae were isolated from Paradise Park farm. Allof these wasps were also bred from naturally parasitized host eggs during favorable and even atunfavorable temperature conditions of June-August. However, these endemic species did not occurnaturally in sufficient numbers to keep the pest populations from reaching damaging levels. Theexcessive usage of insecticides and the oophagous predators (e.g., ants and lacewing larvae) aresome factors that affect the performance of Trichogramma wasps in olive farms. The presence of warmweather wasp strains suggests the existence of well-adapted wasp species or strains which may beappropriate candidates for the control of target pests in olive groves. Additional study is requiredto determine the best 'habitat-specific' species/ strains of Trichogramma for augmentative releaseof naturally occurring wasps and to incorporate them into integrated pest management programs.Efforts should be made to conserve these endemic species from oophagous predators, hot weather andinsecticides. The olive and jasmine moth-larvae and pupae found under tree canopies were bred andemerged parasitoids were listed.
