[Objectives]To investigate optimal storage methods and shelf life determination for several representative bagged traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)decoctions under centralized preparation conditions in intelligent TCM...[Objectives]To investigate optimal storage methods and shelf life determination for several representative bagged traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)decoctions under centralized preparation conditions in intelligent TCM pharmacies.[Methods]First,the nourishing formula was prepared and packaged in bags.Under the three storage conditions of 37℃before cold storage(including full high temperature),cold storage before 37℃(including full cold storage),and alternating 37℃and cold storage,the 30 d cycle was investigated to determine the total microbial colony count,so as to determine a reasonable storage method of traditional Chinese medicine decoction.Secondly,five representative prescriptions were prepared and packaged in bags,stored under 37℃,room temperature and cold conditions.The investigation period was 30 d.The pH,total bacterial count and soluble solid content were measured,and the changes of each index were analyzed to obtain the shelf life of the bagged Chinese medicine decoction.[Results]First,the nourishing formula was investigated for 30 d.The microbial results of refrigeration after 1-2 d of 37℃,complete refrigeration and 37℃cooling with an alternate interval of 2 d or less met the requirements,while the microbial results of refrigeration after 3 d or above of 37℃,refrigeration after 1-5 d and then 37℃,complete 37℃,37℃and cooling with an alternate interval of 3 d or above excessive microorganism.Second,under the condition of 37℃storage,the pH of the five prescriptions decreased significantly,the total microbial colonies exceeded the standard,and the solid content decreased significantly.However,under the condition of room temperature and cold storage,the pH,total microbial colonies,and solid content of the five prescriptions remained stable.[Conclusions]The first is to refrigerate the decoction after 1-2 d of 37℃,completely refrigerate it,and refrigerate the decoction with an alternate interval of 2 d or less at 37℃.The shelf life can last for 30 d.Several storage conditions are conducive to guiding the development of the storage mode of the decoction.Second,under the conditions of cold storage,all the indexes were stable,and the shelf life of the five representative formulas was 30 d.展开更多
In the present study, the effect of pollen grain sources on volatile com- pounds in bagged apple fruit of Yan Fuji 3, grown at two experiment sites and pol- linated by pollens of other five cultivars was evaluated, to...In the present study, the effect of pollen grain sources on volatile com- pounds in bagged apple fruit of Yan Fuji 3, grown at two experiment sites and pol- linated by pollens of other five cultivars was evaluated, to select appropriate poll- enizer cultivars for Fuji, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the flavor and aroma of bagged apple fruit of Fuji. The results proved the significant metaxe- nia effect of the five pollenizer cultivars on volatile compounds of bagged apple fruit of Fuji. The numbers of both volatile compounds and characteristic aroma com- pounds in bagged apple fruit pollinated by Golden Delicious were larger and those of the fruit pollinated by Gala were smaller at both experiment sites. However, there were differences in the numbers of volatile compounds and characteristic aroma compounds among the fruits pollinated by Starkrimson, Jinxiuhaitang and Ruby at both experimental sites. The differences were caused by 12 compounds that only existed at a low level in certain samples. All of them were not the aroma contribu- tors except ethyl 2-methylbutyrate. The content of alcohols in bagged Fuji fruit was largely increased by Starkrimson and Ruby pollination; the content of aldehydes was obviously increased by Golden Delicious, Starkrimson and Gala pollination; the con- tents of esters and terpenes were significantly increased by Golden Delicious, Starkrimson and Ruby pollination. Jinxiuhaitang pollination showed no significant ef- fects for improving the content of four categories of volatile compounds. The metax- enia of the pollenizer cultivars on volatile compounds in bagged Fuji fruit was stable at the two experimental sites.展开更多
In order to provide reference for the selection of appropriate pollination varieties facilitating the improvement of the flavor quality of bagged Fuji apple, the metaxenia effects of 5 pollination varieties on sugars,...In order to provide reference for the selection of appropriate pollination varieties facilitating the improvement of the flavor quality of bagged Fuji apple, the metaxenia effects of 5 pollination varieties on sugars, organic acids and flavor quality of bagged Fuji fruit were studied. The results showed that the 5 pollination varieties had significant metaxenia effects on sugars, organic acids and flavor quality of bagged Fuji fruit. For the sugar components, the fruits pollinated with Golden Delicious and Jinxiuhaitang showed higher glucose contents, and the fruit pollinated with Gala had the highest sucrose content; the fruits pollinated by Gala, Golden Delicious and Ruby exhibited higher malic acids, and the oxalic acid content and the succinic acid content were higher in the fruits pollinated with Jinxiuhaitang and Ruby ; and the fruit pollinated with Gala had the highest total sugar content, and the total acid content was higher in the fruits pollinated by Jinxiuhaitang and Ruby. The sugar-acid ratio was higher in the fruits pollinated with Gala and Golden Delicious, and the lowest in the fruit pollinated with Ruby. The senso- ry evaluation of fruits showed that the fruit pollinated with Ruby tasted sour-sweet, while the fruits pollinated with other 4 pollination varieties were sour and sweet moderately.展开更多
Bagged and dispersed Pyrinuron (a self-formulated rodenticide) were tested for control of Clethrionomus rutilus and Clethrionomus rufocanus in larch plantation, Pingshan area, Heilongjiang Province from Oct. 1998 to A...Bagged and dispersed Pyrinuron (a self-formulated rodenticide) were tested for control of Clethrionomus rutilus and Clethrionomus rufocanus in larch plantation, Pingshan area, Heilongjiang Province from Oct. 1998 to Apr. 1999. The results showed that the bagged Pyrinuron has good result for control of the two rodent pests. The density of rodents was reduced by 90.5% after application of bagged Pyrinuron. This application method has characteristics of long residual period, bait not going mould and saving labour force.展开更多
Anthocyanins are vital secondary metabolites contributing to fruit pigmentation and antioxidative properties.While light is a well-known regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis,the molecular basis of light-independent a...Anthocyanins are vital secondary metabolites contributing to fruit pigmentation and antioxidative properties.While light is a well-known regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis,the molecular basis of light-independent anthocyanin accumulation remains underexplored.In this study,integrated analysis of metabolome and transcriptome showed that the anthocyanin content in blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosum‘Bluetta’)fruit was slightly decreased by light-impermeable bagging treatment,while anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were transcriptionally inhibited to different levels,suggesting a slight influence of the bagging treatment on anthocyanin accumulation.Further observation showed that fruit bagging did not alter ethylene production but decreased ABA content.Noticeably,two VcMYBA/MYB1s were not transcriptionally altered by the light-impermeable bagging treatment.Consistently,histochemical GUS analysis and pharmacological manipulation suggested light-independent and ethylene-inducible expression of VcMYBA/MYB1.Moreover,WGCNA analysis revealed 3759 genes positively associated with MYBA/MYB1 such as ethylene-associated genes,etc.Additionally,VcbZIP55s and VcCOP1s were activated and inactivated by the bagging treatment,respectively.These findings provided a framework of light-independent anthocyanin biosynthesis in blueberry fruit.展开更多
Red-fleshed fruits are valued for their vibrant color and high anthocyanin content.Pre-harvest fruit bagging enhances fruit peel pigmentation,but its effect on flesh coloration remains poorly characterized.This study ...Red-fleshed fruits are valued for their vibrant color and high anthocyanin content.Pre-harvest fruit bagging enhances fruit peel pigmentation,but its effect on flesh coloration remains poorly characterized.This study revealed that removing bags from‘Gengcunyangtao’red-fleshed peach fruits triggers the rapid and uniform accumulation of anthocyanins in the flesh,resulting in anthocyanin levels that exceed those in unbagged fruits.The exposure to light after bag removal triggered significant increases in anthocyanin levels within 24 h.This was accompanied by the rapid upregulation of light-responsive and flavonoid biosynthetic gene expression levels within 6 h.A metabolomic analysis indicated that anthocyanin precursors,especially p-coumaric acid,accumulated before bag removal,thereby increasing substrate availability for rapid anthocyanin synthesis.On the basis of a weighted gene co-expression network analysis,MYB transcription factors,anthocyanin transporters,glutathione S-transferase,and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion(MATE)were identified as key regulators that coordinate precursor storage along with light-induced transcriptional activation.Notably,PpMYB4 binds to the promoter of PpGSTF14 and activates its expression,thereby promoting anthocyanin accumulation.The study findings elucidated the temporal coordination of metabolic priming and light-responsive transcriptional regulation driving rapid anthocyanin biosynthesis,with possible implications for improving peach fruit flesh coloration.展开更多
Litter decomposition is an essential ecosystem process influenced by multiple factors,including substrate quality,climate,edaphic environment,and decomposer communities.However,the role of canopy species identity and ...Litter decomposition is an essential ecosystem process influenced by multiple factors,including substrate quality,climate,edaphic environment,and decomposer communities.However,the role of canopy species identity and diversity on leaf litter decomposition in forests remains understudied.By controlling for macroclimate,soil properties,and litter substrate in a mature common garden,we investigated whether a three-month tea bag incubation of standardized green and rooibos tea substrate is driven by canopy tree species characteristics and diversity.Our study hypothesized two primary pathways:a chemical engineering effect,where trees alter soil properties and decomposer communities through litter input,and a physical engineering effect,where tree canopy structure modulates the local microclimate.The results showed that even under uniform macroclimatic and initial soil conditions,mass loss rates varied widely for green tea(27.4%–73.2%)and rooibos tea(6.1%–34.7%),comparable as found in other research between distinct biomes.While substrate quality was the dominant factor,both engineering pathways and,to a minor extent,tree diversity modulated mass losses.For green tea,tree chemical and physical characteristics seemed equally important,while the physical environment showed an increased importance for rooibos.Incubation depth played a key role,where forest floor decomposition rates are more susceptible to temporal climate variations,and soil-layer decomposition rates are less susceptible to climate variations and more determined by tree species identity.Our findings suggest that tea bag experiments focusing solely on topsoil burial may underestimate processes in the forest floor and the mineralorganic boundary layer.This study underscores the critical role of litter substrate quality in decomposition while demonstrating that tree community composition and the associated herbaceous layer,through both chemical and physical engineering pathways,strongly modulate decomposition rates.展开更多
BCL2-associated anthanogene 3 facilitates the clearance of tau protein aggregates:BCL2-associated anthanogene 3(BAG3)is a ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved multi-functional co-chaperone protein involved in m...BCL2-associated anthanogene 3 facilitates the clearance of tau protein aggregates:BCL2-associated anthanogene 3(BAG3)is a ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved multi-functional co-chaperone protein involved in many biological processes that supports cellular homeostasis,including the inhibition of apoptosis by preventing mitochondrial BAX localization(Lin et al.,2022)and the promotion of the degradation of hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates by its interactions with SQSTM1(p62)(Hamano and Mutoh,2022).展开更多
Dear Editor,Systemic sclerosis(SSc)is an autoimmune connective tissue disease in which there are vascular abnormalities,inflammation,and fibrosis[1].These three characteristics primarily affect the skin and lungs.Of a...Dear Editor,Systemic sclerosis(SSc)is an autoimmune connective tissue disease in which there are vascular abnormalities,inflammation,and fibrosis[1].These three characteristics primarily affect the skin and lungs.Of all the autoimmune rheumatic diseases,SSc has the highest all-cause mortality rate,and the underlying pathogenic processes that mediate disease are still obscure,with wide diff erences in presentation and progression[2,3].展开更多
文摘[Objectives]To investigate optimal storage methods and shelf life determination for several representative bagged traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)decoctions under centralized preparation conditions in intelligent TCM pharmacies.[Methods]First,the nourishing formula was prepared and packaged in bags.Under the three storage conditions of 37℃before cold storage(including full high temperature),cold storage before 37℃(including full cold storage),and alternating 37℃and cold storage,the 30 d cycle was investigated to determine the total microbial colony count,so as to determine a reasonable storage method of traditional Chinese medicine decoction.Secondly,five representative prescriptions were prepared and packaged in bags,stored under 37℃,room temperature and cold conditions.The investigation period was 30 d.The pH,total bacterial count and soluble solid content were measured,and the changes of each index were analyzed to obtain the shelf life of the bagged Chinese medicine decoction.[Results]First,the nourishing formula was investigated for 30 d.The microbial results of refrigeration after 1-2 d of 37℃,complete refrigeration and 37℃cooling with an alternate interval of 2 d or less met the requirements,while the microbial results of refrigeration after 3 d or above of 37℃,refrigeration after 1-5 d and then 37℃,complete 37℃,37℃and cooling with an alternate interval of 3 d or above excessive microorganism.Second,under the condition of 37℃storage,the pH of the five prescriptions decreased significantly,the total microbial colonies exceeded the standard,and the solid content decreased significantly.However,under the condition of room temperature and cold storage,the pH,total microbial colonies,and solid content of the five prescriptions remained stable.[Conclusions]The first is to refrigerate the decoction after 1-2 d of 37℃,completely refrigerate it,and refrigerate the decoction with an alternate interval of 2 d or less at 37℃.The shelf life can last for 30 d.Several storage conditions are conducive to guiding the development of the storage mode of the decoction.Second,under the conditions of cold storage,all the indexes were stable,and the shelf life of the five representative formulas was 30 d.
基金Supported by Major Applied Technology Innovation Program of Agriculture in Shandong Province(2014)Special Scientific Research Fund for Taishan Scholars([2013]123)Earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China(CARS-28)~~
文摘In the present study, the effect of pollen grain sources on volatile com- pounds in bagged apple fruit of Yan Fuji 3, grown at two experiment sites and pol- linated by pollens of other five cultivars was evaluated, to select appropriate poll- enizer cultivars for Fuji, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the flavor and aroma of bagged apple fruit of Fuji. The results proved the significant metaxe- nia effect of the five pollenizer cultivars on volatile compounds of bagged apple fruit of Fuji. The numbers of both volatile compounds and characteristic aroma com- pounds in bagged apple fruit pollinated by Golden Delicious were larger and those of the fruit pollinated by Gala were smaller at both experiment sites. However, there were differences in the numbers of volatile compounds and characteristic aroma compounds among the fruits pollinated by Starkrimson, Jinxiuhaitang and Ruby at both experimental sites. The differences were caused by 12 compounds that only existed at a low level in certain samples. All of them were not the aroma contribu- tors except ethyl 2-methylbutyrate. The content of alcohols in bagged Fuji fruit was largely increased by Starkrimson and Ruby pollination; the content of aldehydes was obviously increased by Golden Delicious, Starkrimson and Gala pollination; the con- tents of esters and terpenes were significantly increased by Golden Delicious, Starkrimson and Ruby pollination. Jinxiuhaitang pollination showed no significant ef- fects for improving the content of four categories of volatile compounds. The metax- enia of the pollenizer cultivars on volatile compounds in bagged Fuji fruit was stable at the two experimental sites.
基金Supported by Major Agricultural Applied Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2014)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2016B07)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-28)
文摘In order to provide reference for the selection of appropriate pollination varieties facilitating the improvement of the flavor quality of bagged Fuji apple, the metaxenia effects of 5 pollination varieties on sugars, organic acids and flavor quality of bagged Fuji fruit were studied. The results showed that the 5 pollination varieties had significant metaxenia effects on sugars, organic acids and flavor quality of bagged Fuji fruit. For the sugar components, the fruits pollinated with Golden Delicious and Jinxiuhaitang showed higher glucose contents, and the fruit pollinated with Gala had the highest sucrose content; the fruits pollinated by Gala, Golden Delicious and Ruby exhibited higher malic acids, and the oxalic acid content and the succinic acid content were higher in the fruits pollinated with Jinxiuhaitang and Ruby ; and the fruit pollinated with Gala had the highest total sugar content, and the total acid content was higher in the fruits pollinated by Jinxiuhaitang and Ruby. The sugar-acid ratio was higher in the fruits pollinated with Gala and Golden Delicious, and the lowest in the fruit pollinated with Ruby. The senso- ry evaluation of fruits showed that the fruit pollinated with Ruby tasted sour-sweet, while the fruits pollinated with other 4 pollination varieties were sour and sweet moderately.
文摘Bagged and dispersed Pyrinuron (a self-formulated rodenticide) were tested for control of Clethrionomus rutilus and Clethrionomus rufocanus in larch plantation, Pingshan area, Heilongjiang Province from Oct. 1998 to Apr. 1999. The results showed that the bagged Pyrinuron has good result for control of the two rodent pests. The density of rodents was reduced by 90.5% after application of bagged Pyrinuron. This application method has characteristics of long residual period, bait not going mould and saving labour force.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1600500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32272680).
文摘Anthocyanins are vital secondary metabolites contributing to fruit pigmentation and antioxidative properties.While light is a well-known regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis,the molecular basis of light-independent anthocyanin accumulation remains underexplored.In this study,integrated analysis of metabolome and transcriptome showed that the anthocyanin content in blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosum‘Bluetta’)fruit was slightly decreased by light-impermeable bagging treatment,while anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were transcriptionally inhibited to different levels,suggesting a slight influence of the bagging treatment on anthocyanin accumulation.Further observation showed that fruit bagging did not alter ethylene production but decreased ABA content.Noticeably,two VcMYBA/MYB1s were not transcriptionally altered by the light-impermeable bagging treatment.Consistently,histochemical GUS analysis and pharmacological manipulation suggested light-independent and ethylene-inducible expression of VcMYBA/MYB1.Moreover,WGCNA analysis revealed 3759 genes positively associated with MYBA/MYB1 such as ethylene-associated genes,etc.Additionally,VcbZIP55s and VcCOP1s were activated and inactivated by the bagging treatment,respectively.These findings provided a framework of light-independent anthocyanin biosynthesis in blueberry fruit.
基金supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Grant of Zhejiang for Breeding New Agricultural Varieties(Grant No.2021C12066-4)Huzhou Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(Grant No.2022HN01).
文摘Red-fleshed fruits are valued for their vibrant color and high anthocyanin content.Pre-harvest fruit bagging enhances fruit peel pigmentation,but its effect on flesh coloration remains poorly characterized.This study revealed that removing bags from‘Gengcunyangtao’red-fleshed peach fruits triggers the rapid and uniform accumulation of anthocyanins in the flesh,resulting in anthocyanin levels that exceed those in unbagged fruits.The exposure to light after bag removal triggered significant increases in anthocyanin levels within 24 h.This was accompanied by the rapid upregulation of light-responsive and flavonoid biosynthetic gene expression levels within 6 h.A metabolomic analysis indicated that anthocyanin precursors,especially p-coumaric acid,accumulated before bag removal,thereby increasing substrate availability for rapid anthocyanin synthesis.On the basis of a weighted gene co-expression network analysis,MYB transcription factors,anthocyanin transporters,glutathione S-transferase,and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion(MATE)were identified as key regulators that coordinate precursor storage along with light-induced transcriptional activation.Notably,PpMYB4 binds to the promoter of PpGSTF14 and activates its expression,thereby promoting anthocyanin accumulation.The study findings elucidated the temporal coordination of metabolic priming and light-responsive transcriptional regulation driving rapid anthocyanin biosynthesis,with possible implications for improving peach fruit flesh coloration.
基金funded by the Global PhD Scholarship between KU Leuven and UCLouvain。
文摘Litter decomposition is an essential ecosystem process influenced by multiple factors,including substrate quality,climate,edaphic environment,and decomposer communities.However,the role of canopy species identity and diversity on leaf litter decomposition in forests remains understudied.By controlling for macroclimate,soil properties,and litter substrate in a mature common garden,we investigated whether a three-month tea bag incubation of standardized green and rooibos tea substrate is driven by canopy tree species characteristics and diversity.Our study hypothesized two primary pathways:a chemical engineering effect,where trees alter soil properties and decomposer communities through litter input,and a physical engineering effect,where tree canopy structure modulates the local microclimate.The results showed that even under uniform macroclimatic and initial soil conditions,mass loss rates varied widely for green tea(27.4%–73.2%)and rooibos tea(6.1%–34.7%),comparable as found in other research between distinct biomes.While substrate quality was the dominant factor,both engineering pathways and,to a minor extent,tree diversity modulated mass losses.For green tea,tree chemical and physical characteristics seemed equally important,while the physical environment showed an increased importance for rooibos.Incubation depth played a key role,where forest floor decomposition rates are more susceptible to temporal climate variations,and soil-layer decomposition rates are less susceptible to climate variations and more determined by tree species identity.Our findings suggest that tea bag experiments focusing solely on topsoil burial may underestimate processes in the forest floor and the mineralorganic boundary layer.This study underscores the critical role of litter substrate quality in decomposition while demonstrating that tree community composition and the associated herbaceous layer,through both chemical and physical engineering pathways,strongly modulate decomposition rates.
基金supported by the award W81XWH1910309 (to HF) from the Department of Defensethe award R01-AG075092-01 (to HF)+2 种基金the award RF1AG063521 from the National Institute of Aging at the National Institutes of Healththe Neurological Research Institute Seed grant (to HF) from The Ohio State Universitythe Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (to NS) from The Ohio State University Chronic Brain Injury Discovery Theme
文摘BCL2-associated anthanogene 3 facilitates the clearance of tau protein aggregates:BCL2-associated anthanogene 3(BAG3)is a ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved multi-functional co-chaperone protein involved in many biological processes that supports cellular homeostasis,including the inhibition of apoptosis by preventing mitochondrial BAX localization(Lin et al.,2022)and the promotion of the degradation of hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates by its interactions with SQSTM1(p62)(Hamano and Mutoh,2022).
文摘Dear Editor,Systemic sclerosis(SSc)is an autoimmune connective tissue disease in which there are vascular abnormalities,inflammation,and fibrosis[1].These three characteristics primarily affect the skin and lungs.Of all the autoimmune rheumatic diseases,SSc has the highest all-cause mortality rate,and the underlying pathogenic processes that mediate disease are still obscure,with wide diff erences in presentation and progression[2,3].
