The conversion of saline-alkali soils into paddy fields for long-term rice cultivation involves multiple disturbances,and as a result,soil microbial communities are altered to adapt to changing environmental condition...The conversion of saline-alkali soils into paddy fields for long-term rice cultivation involves multiple disturbances,and as a result,soil microbial communities are altered to adapt to changing environmental conditions.However,a comprehensive understanding of the succession of soil bacterial communities that occurs during this process is still lacking.In the present study,we utilized data obtained from paddy fields of different rice cultivation years(0-23 years)to investigate the compositional and functional succession of soil bacterial communities.We focused on core bacterial taxa that were specifically enriched at different successional stages.Generalized joint attribute modeling(GJAM)was used to identify core bacterial taxa.Results indicated that the bare saline-alkali soil(0 year,prior to any rice cultivation)shared few core amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)with paddy fields.In the bare saline-alkali soil,Longimicrobiaceae from the phylum Gemmatimonadetes was dominant,while the dominance was subsequently replaced by Burkholderiaceae and Pedosphaeraceae--phyla affiliated with Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia--after 5 and 23 years of rice cultivation,respectively.The relative abundances of nitrogen metabolism functions in the core bacterial communities of the bare saline-alkali soil were higher than those at other successional stages,while sulfur metabolism functions exhibited the opposite trend.These indicated that the role of the core bacterial taxa in mediating nutrient cycling also evolved and adapted to changing soil conditions as rice cultivation was established.Redundancy analysis(RDA)indicated that the composition of the core bacterial community in paddy fields with rice cultivation for 0,2 and 4,6,8,10,and 12,and 20 and 23 years were driven by soil nitrate nitrogen content,pH,available phosphorus content,and the ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen,respectively.In summary,the present study provides insights into the succession of soil bacterial communities and core bacterial taxa that occurs during long-term rice cultivation.展开更多
Rice-fish coculture(RFC)has aroused extensive concern for its contribution to food security and resource conservation,but whether it can improve soil phosphorus(P)availability and affect microbe-mediated P turnover re...Rice-fish coculture(RFC)has aroused extensive concern for its contribution to food security and resource conservation,but whether it can improve soil phosphorus(P)availability and affect microbe-mediated P turnover remains elusive.Herein,we conducted a microcosm experiment to assess the impacts of RFC combined with(50 mg P kg^(-1)as KH2PO4)and without inorganic P addition on P fractions,P availability,and phoD-harboring bacterial community composition.The results revealed that RFC without P addition significantly improved P availability and phosphatase activity in paddy soil,while soil available P(AP),pH,and microbial biomass P(MBP)contributed to regulating P fractions.Moreover,the phoD-harboring bacterial abundance was linked to phosphatase activity,AP,total carbon(TC),and total P(TP)contents,and the ratios of TC to total nitrogen(TN)and TN to TP.We also found that the keystone taxa of phoD-harboring bacteria contributed to phosphatase production as well as organic P mineralization,thereby improving P availability.Our findings suggest that RFC without P addition is beneficial for promoting the expression of phoD-harboring bacterial functions to improve the capacity of P mineralization.Overall,our study provides insights into the responses of phoD-harboring bacterial functions for P turnover to RFC combined with and without P addition,showing the potential utilization of P resources in agricultural soil and the contribution of phosphatase activity to P acquisition in agriculture ecosystem.展开更多
The use of green manures contributes to sustainable soil and nutrient management in agriculture;however, the responses of soil microbial communities to different fertilization regimes at the regional scale are uncerta...The use of green manures contributes to sustainable soil and nutrient management in agriculture;however, the responses of soil microbial communities to different fertilization regimes at the regional scale are uncertain. A study was undertaken across multiple sites and years in Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Henan,Hubei, and Fujian provinces of South China to investigate the effects of green manuring on the structure and function of soil bacterial communities in rice-green manure cropping systems. The study included four treatments: winter fallow with no chemical fertilizer as a control(NF), milk vetch as green manure without chemical fertilizer(GM), winter fallow and chemical fertilizer(CF), and a combination of chemical fertilizer and milk vetch(GMCF).Significant differences were found in the responses of soil microbial communities at different sites, with sampling sites explaining 72.33%(F = 36.59,P = 0.001) of the community composition variation. The bacterial communities in the soils from Anhui, Henan, and Hubei were broadly similar, while those from Hunan were distinctly different from other locations. The analysis of Weighted UniFrac distances showed that milk vetch changed soil microbial communities compared with winter fallow. Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi predominated in these paddy soils;however, the application of green manures increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria. There was evidence showing that the functional microbes which play important roles in the cycling of soil carbon, nitrogen(N), and sulfur(S) changed after several years of milk vetch utilization(linear discriminant analysis score > 2). The abundance of methane-oxidizing bacteria and S-reducing bacteria increased, and microbes involved in N fixation, nitrification, and denitrification also increased in some provinces. We concluded that the application of milk vetch changed the bacterial community structure and affected the functional groups related to nutrient transformation in soils at a regional scale.展开更多
Fungistasis is one of the important approaches to control soil-borne plant pathogens.Some hypotheses about the mechanisms for soil fungistasis had been established,which mainly focused on the soil bacterial community ...Fungistasis is one of the important approaches to control soil-borne plant pathogens.Some hypotheses about the mechanisms for soil fungistasis had been established,which mainly focused on the soil bacterial community composition,structure,diversity as well as function.In this study,the bacterial community composition and diversity of a series of soils treated by autoclaving,which coming from the same original soil sample and showing gradient fungistasis to the target soil-borne pathogen fungi Fusarium grami...展开更多
A bstract Gut microbiota impacts the health of crustaceans. V ibrio alginolyticus is a main causative pathogen that induces the vibriosis in farmed swimming crabs, Portunus trituberculatus. However, it remains unknown...A bstract Gut microbiota impacts the health of crustaceans. V ibrio alginolyticus is a main causative pathogen that induces the vibriosis in farmed swimming crabs, Portunus trituberculatus. However, it remains unknown whether gut bacteria perform functions during the progression of vibriosis. In this study, 16 SrRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to investigate temporal alteration of gut bacterial community in swimming crabs in response to 72-h V. alginolyticus challenge. Our results show that V. alginolyticus infection resulted in dynamic changes of bacterial community composition in swimming crabs. Such changes were highlighted by the overwhelming overabundance of V ibrio and a significant fluctuation in the gut bacteria including the bacteria with high relative abundance and especially those with low relative abundance. These findings reveal that crab vibriosis gradually develops with the infection time of V. alginolyticus and tightly relates to the dysbiosis of gut bacterial community structure. This work contributes to our appreciation of the importance of the balance of gut bacterial community structure in maintaining the health of crustaceans.展开更多
Variations of precipitation have great impacts on soil carbon cycle and decomposition of soil organic matter.Soil bacteria are crucial participants in regulating these ecological processes and vulnerable to altered pr...Variations of precipitation have great impacts on soil carbon cycle and decomposition of soil organic matter.Soil bacteria are crucial participants in regulating these ecological processes and vulnerable to altered precipitation.Studying the impacts of altered precipitation on soil bacterial community structure can provide a novel insight into the potential impacts of altered precipitation on soil carbon cycle and carbon storage of grassland.Therefore,soil bacterial community structure under a precipitation manipulation experiment was researched in a semi-arid desert grassland in Chinese Loess Plateau.Five precipitation levels,i.e.,control,reduced and increased precipitation by 40%and 20%,respectively(referred here as CK,DP40,DP20,IP40,and IP20)were set.The results showed that soil bacterial alpha diversity and rare bacteria significantly changed with altered precipitation,but the dominant bacteria and soil bacterial beta diversity did not change,which may be ascribed to the ecological strategy of soil bacteria.The linear discriminate analysis(LDA)effect size(LEfSe)method found that major response patterns of soil bacteria to altered precipitation were resource-limited and drought-tolerant populations.In addition,increasing precipitation greatly promoted inter-species competition,while decreasing precipitation highly facilitated inter-species cooperation.These changes in species interaction can promote different distribution ratios of bacterial populations under different precipitation conditions.In structural equation model(SEM)analysis,with changes in precipitation,plant growth characteristics were found to be drivers of soil bacterial community composition,while soil properties were not.In conclusion,our results indicated that in desert grassland ecosystem,the sensitive of soil rare bacteria to altered precipitation was stronger than that of dominant taxa,which may be related to the ecological strategy of bacteria,species interaction,and precipitation-induced variations of plant growth characteristics.展开更多
Recently,the gut microbiota has been identified as a significant risk factor associated with metabolic disorders related to obesity.Advances in high-throu-ghput sequencing technology have clarified the relationship be...Recently,the gut microbiota has been identified as a significant risk factor associated with metabolic disorders related to obesity.Advances in high-throu-ghput sequencing technology have clarified the relationship between childhood obesity and changes in the gut microbiota.This commentary focuses on analyzing the study by Li et al,which utilized 16S rRNA molecular markers to compare differences in gut microbiota between obese and normal-weight children.Additionally,the review by Pan et al is referenced to supplement perspectives and evaluate the findings of this study.We also analyze the strengths and limitations of the original study and suggest potential research directions to elucidate the complex relationship between gut microbiota and childhood obesity,thereby providing a scientific basis for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.展开更多
To date,much of research on revegetation has focused on soil microorganisms due to their contributions in the formation of soil and soil remediation process.However,little is known about the soil bacteria and their fu...To date,much of research on revegetation has focused on soil microorganisms due to their contributions in the formation of soil and soil remediation process.However,little is known about the soil bacteria and their functions respond to the diverse vegetational types in the process of vegetation restoration.Effects of dominated vegetation,i.e.,Artemisia halodendron Turcz Ex Bess,Caragana microphylla Lam.,Hedysarum fruticosum Pall.and Pinus sylvestris L.on bacterial community structures and their potential functions in the Hulun Buir Sandy Land,China were determined using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states(PICRUSt)in 2015.Although the dominant phyla of soil bacterial community among different types of vegetation,including Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes,were similar,the relative abundance of these dominant groups significantly differed,indicating that different types of vegetation might result in variations in the composition of soil bacterial community.In addition,functional genes of bacterial populations were similar among different types of vegetation,whereas its relative abundance was significantly differed.Most carbon fixation genes showed a high relative abundance in P.sylvestris,vs.recalcitrant carbon decomposition genes in A.halodendron,suggesting the variations in carbon cycling potential of different types of vegetation.Abundance of assimilatory nitrate reduction genes was the highest in P.sylvestris,vs.dissimilatory nitrate reduction and nitrate reductase genes in A.halodendron,indicating higher nitrogen gasification loss and lower nitrogen utilization gene functions in A.halodendron.The structures and functional genes of soil bacterial community showed marked sensitivities to different plant species,presenting the potentials for regulating soil carbon and nitrogen cycling.展开更多
The elevational distributions of bacterial communities in natural mountain forests,especially along large elevational gradients,have been studied for many years.However,the distributional patterns that underlie variat...The elevational distributions of bacterial communities in natural mountain forests,especially along large elevational gradients,have been studied for many years.However,the distributional patterns that underlie variations in soil bacterial communities along small-scale elevational gradients in urban ecosystems are not yet well understood.Using Illumina MiSeq DNA sequencing,we surveyed soil bacterial communities at three elevations on Zijin Mountain in Nanjing City:the hilltop(300 m a.s.l.),the hillside(150 m a.s.l.),and the foot of the hill(0 m a.s.l.).The results showed that edaphic properties differed significantly with elevation.Bacterial community composition,rather than alpha diversity,strongly differed among the three elevations(Adonis:R2=0.12,P<0.01).Adonis and DistLM analyses demonstrated that bacterial community composition was highly correlated with soil pH,elevation,total nitrogen(TN),and dissolved organic carbon(DOC).The degree scores,betweenness centralities,and composition of keystone species were distinct among the elevations.These results demonstrate strong elevational partitioning in the distributions of soil bacterial communities along the gradient on Zijin Mountain.Soil pH and elevation together drove the smallscale elevational distribution of soil bacterial communities.This study broadens our understanding of distribution patterns and biotic co-occurrence associations of soil bacterial communities from large elevational gradients to short elevational gradients.展开更多
Background No-tillage(NT)is a widely used field management to reduce soil erosion and degradation and is suggested to be beneficial for enhancing soil carbon(C)sequestration capacity.Nonetheless,the effects of NT on s...Background No-tillage(NT)is a widely used field management to reduce soil erosion and degradation and is suggested to be beneficial for enhancing soil carbon(C)sequestration capacity.Nonetheless,the effects of NT on soil total carbon(TC)content in aeolian sandy soils are not extensively explored,and the underlying mechanisms are not clear.In our field experiments,the influence of NT and conventional tillage(CT)on sandy soil was studied.Methods We estimated the changes in soil TC in response to NT practice in a Cyperus esculentus L.field located at semi-arid Horqin sandy land,China.To unravel the underlying mechanisms,plant traits,soil properties and soil microbial characteristics were measured in parallel.The variations in soil bacterial community structure were investigated by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.The functionality of soil bacterial community was predicted based on OTU tables by using PICRUSt2.Results NT increased soil TC content in this sandy agroecosystem within a short-term experimental period,compared to CT.The underlying mechanisms might rely on three aspects.First,NT increased soil TC content through increasing photosynthesis and plant biomass,and thus,the plant-derived dissolved organic C.Second,NT increased the C immobilized in soil microbial biomass by increasing microbial C demands and C use efficiency.Third,NT increased the dominance of oligotrophic members in bacterial communities by decreasing available nutrient levels,which is associated with the recalcitrance and stability of the soil organic carbon.Conclusions The present study enriched our knowledge on the changes in the plant-soil-microbe continuum in response to NT in a semi-arid sandy agroecosystem.Still,this study provides a reference for modifying tillage practices to benefit crop yield as well as soil C sequestration.展开更多
In environmental biosafety assessments of glyphosate-tolerant crops,it is essential to evaluate the effects of cultivating these crops and applying glyphosate on the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil,which p...In environmental biosafety assessments of glyphosate-tolerant crops,it is essential to evaluate the effects of cultivating these crops and applying glyphosate on the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil,which play a critical role in maintaining soil health,plant growth,and crop productivity.Maize(Zea mays)line GG2 was previously generated by transforming wild-type maize with the gat and gr79-epsps genes,endowing GG2 with both active and passive resistance to glyphosate.However,the ecological risk of introducing these two new glyphosate-tolerance genes into maize,as well as glyphosate treatment,to rhizosphere microorganisms remain unclear.In this study,we used high-throughput sequencing to analyze the diversity and composition of the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil around biotech maize GG2,with(GG2-H)and without glyphosate treatment(GG2-N),compared with the near-isogenic,non-biotech maize line ZD958 at seven stages of growth.The structure and diversity of the bacterial and fungal communities of GG2-H were similar to those of ZD958,whereas glyphosate treatment had temporary effects on bacterial and fungal diversity and richness.The differences in the bacterial and fungal communities were associated with changes in soil properties such as pH,available phosphorus and organic matter,and seasonal changes.These factors,rather than maize lines,made the greatest contributions to the shifts in bacterial and fungal community structure.This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of biotech crop cultivation,glyphosate treatment,soil physicochemical properties of soil,and maize growth stages on soil microbial communities,offering valuable insights for the large-scale adoption of biotech crops in China.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32371734,42007034,41920104008,and U22A20593)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA28020400)+2 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2023205)the Young Scientist Group Project of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of China(No.2022QNXZ04)the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province of China(No.YDZJ202101ZYTS006).
文摘The conversion of saline-alkali soils into paddy fields for long-term rice cultivation involves multiple disturbances,and as a result,soil microbial communities are altered to adapt to changing environmental conditions.However,a comprehensive understanding of the succession of soil bacterial communities that occurs during this process is still lacking.In the present study,we utilized data obtained from paddy fields of different rice cultivation years(0-23 years)to investigate the compositional and functional succession of soil bacterial communities.We focused on core bacterial taxa that were specifically enriched at different successional stages.Generalized joint attribute modeling(GJAM)was used to identify core bacterial taxa.Results indicated that the bare saline-alkali soil(0 year,prior to any rice cultivation)shared few core amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)with paddy fields.In the bare saline-alkali soil,Longimicrobiaceae from the phylum Gemmatimonadetes was dominant,while the dominance was subsequently replaced by Burkholderiaceae and Pedosphaeraceae--phyla affiliated with Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia--after 5 and 23 years of rice cultivation,respectively.The relative abundances of nitrogen metabolism functions in the core bacterial communities of the bare saline-alkali soil were higher than those at other successional stages,while sulfur metabolism functions exhibited the opposite trend.These indicated that the role of the core bacterial taxa in mediating nutrient cycling also evolved and adapted to changing soil conditions as rice cultivation was established.Redundancy analysis(RDA)indicated that the composition of the core bacterial community in paddy fields with rice cultivation for 0,2 and 4,6,8,10,and 12,and 20 and 23 years were driven by soil nitrate nitrogen content,pH,available phosphorus content,and the ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen,respectively.In summary,the present study provides insights into the succession of soil bacterial communities and core bacterial taxa that occurs during long-term rice cultivation.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(No.2021B0202030002)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(No.2019B030301007)+2 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Special Project of Rural Revitalization Strategy,China(No.(2021)12)the Joint Team Project of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,China(No.NT2021010)the Innovation Team Construction Project of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology Systems of Guangdong Province,China(No.2022KJ105).
文摘Rice-fish coculture(RFC)has aroused extensive concern for its contribution to food security and resource conservation,but whether it can improve soil phosphorus(P)availability and affect microbe-mediated P turnover remains elusive.Herein,we conducted a microcosm experiment to assess the impacts of RFC combined with(50 mg P kg^(-1)as KH2PO4)and without inorganic P addition on P fractions,P availability,and phoD-harboring bacterial community composition.The results revealed that RFC without P addition significantly improved P availability and phosphatase activity in paddy soil,while soil available P(AP),pH,and microbial biomass P(MBP)contributed to regulating P fractions.Moreover,the phoD-harboring bacterial abundance was linked to phosphatase activity,AP,total carbon(TC),and total P(TP)contents,and the ratios of TC to total nitrogen(TN)and TN to TP.We also found that the keystone taxa of phoD-harboring bacteria contributed to phosphatase production as well as organic P mineralization,thereby improving P availability.Our findings suggest that RFC without P addition is beneficial for promoting the expression of phoD-harboring bacterial functions to improve the capacity of P mineralization.Overall,our study provides insights into the responses of phoD-harboring bacterial functions for P turnover to RFC combined with and without P addition,showing the potential utilization of P resources in agricultural soil and the contribution of phosphatase activity to P acquisition in agriculture ecosystem.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System-Green Manure,China (No.CARS-22)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42007071)。
文摘The use of green manures contributes to sustainable soil and nutrient management in agriculture;however, the responses of soil microbial communities to different fertilization regimes at the regional scale are uncertain. A study was undertaken across multiple sites and years in Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Henan,Hubei, and Fujian provinces of South China to investigate the effects of green manuring on the structure and function of soil bacterial communities in rice-green manure cropping systems. The study included four treatments: winter fallow with no chemical fertilizer as a control(NF), milk vetch as green manure without chemical fertilizer(GM), winter fallow and chemical fertilizer(CF), and a combination of chemical fertilizer and milk vetch(GMCF).Significant differences were found in the responses of soil microbial communities at different sites, with sampling sites explaining 72.33%(F = 36.59,P = 0.001) of the community composition variation. The bacterial communities in the soils from Anhui, Henan, and Hubei were broadly similar, while those from Hunan were distinctly different from other locations. The analysis of Weighted UniFrac distances showed that milk vetch changed soil microbial communities compared with winter fallow. Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi predominated in these paddy soils;however, the application of green manures increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria. There was evidence showing that the functional microbes which play important roles in the cycling of soil carbon, nitrogen(N), and sulfur(S) changed after several years of milk vetch utilization(linear discriminant analysis score > 2). The abundance of methane-oxidizing bacteria and S-reducing bacteria increased, and microbes involved in N fixation, nitrification, and denitrification also increased in some provinces. We concluded that the application of milk vetch changed the bacterial community structure and affected the functional groups related to nutrient transformation in soils at a regional scale.
文摘Fungistasis is one of the important approaches to control soil-borne plant pathogens.Some hypotheses about the mechanisms for soil fungistasis had been established,which mainly focused on the soil bacterial community composition,structure,diversity as well as function.In this study,the bacterial community composition and diversity of a series of soils treated by autoclaving,which coming from the same original soil sample and showing gradient fungistasis to the target soil-borne pathogen fungi Fusarium grami...
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41673076)the Major Agriculture Program of Ningbo(No.2017C110007)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘A bstract Gut microbiota impacts the health of crustaceans. V ibrio alginolyticus is a main causative pathogen that induces the vibriosis in farmed swimming crabs, Portunus trituberculatus. However, it remains unknown whether gut bacteria perform functions during the progression of vibriosis. In this study, 16 SrRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to investigate temporal alteration of gut bacterial community in swimming crabs in response to 72-h V. alginolyticus challenge. Our results show that V. alginolyticus infection resulted in dynamic changes of bacterial community composition in swimming crabs. Such changes were highlighted by the overwhelming overabundance of V ibrio and a significant fluctuation in the gut bacteria including the bacteria with high relative abundance and especially those with low relative abundance. These findings reveal that crab vibriosis gradually develops with the infection time of V. alginolyticus and tightly relates to the dysbiosis of gut bacterial community structure. This work contributes to our appreciation of the importance of the balance of gut bacterial community structure in maintaining the health of crustaceans.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41761043, 41201196)the Youth Teacher Scientific Capability Promoting Project of Northwest Normal University, China (NWNU-LKQN2020-06, NWNU-LKQN-17-7)the Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province, China (20YF3FA042)
文摘Variations of precipitation have great impacts on soil carbon cycle and decomposition of soil organic matter.Soil bacteria are crucial participants in regulating these ecological processes and vulnerable to altered precipitation.Studying the impacts of altered precipitation on soil bacterial community structure can provide a novel insight into the potential impacts of altered precipitation on soil carbon cycle and carbon storage of grassland.Therefore,soil bacterial community structure under a precipitation manipulation experiment was researched in a semi-arid desert grassland in Chinese Loess Plateau.Five precipitation levels,i.e.,control,reduced and increased precipitation by 40%and 20%,respectively(referred here as CK,DP40,DP20,IP40,and IP20)were set.The results showed that soil bacterial alpha diversity and rare bacteria significantly changed with altered precipitation,but the dominant bacteria and soil bacterial beta diversity did not change,which may be ascribed to the ecological strategy of soil bacteria.The linear discriminate analysis(LDA)effect size(LEfSe)method found that major response patterns of soil bacteria to altered precipitation were resource-limited and drought-tolerant populations.In addition,increasing precipitation greatly promoted inter-species competition,while decreasing precipitation highly facilitated inter-species cooperation.These changes in species interaction can promote different distribution ratios of bacterial populations under different precipitation conditions.In structural equation model(SEM)analysis,with changes in precipitation,plant growth characteristics were found to be drivers of soil bacterial community composition,while soil properties were not.In conclusion,our results indicated that in desert grassland ecosystem,the sensitive of soil rare bacteria to altered precipitation was stronger than that of dominant taxa,which may be related to the ecological strategy of bacteria,species interaction,and precipitation-induced variations of plant growth characteristics.
文摘Recently,the gut microbiota has been identified as a significant risk factor associated with metabolic disorders related to obesity.Advances in high-throu-ghput sequencing technology have clarified the relationship between childhood obesity and changes in the gut microbiota.This commentary focuses on analyzing the study by Li et al,which utilized 16S rRNA molecular markers to compare differences in gut microbiota between obese and normal-weight children.Additionally,the review by Pan et al is referenced to supplement perspectives and evaluate the findings of this study.We also analyze the strengths and limitations of the original study and suggest potential research directions to elucidate the complex relationship between gut microbiota and childhood obesity,thereby providing a scientific basis for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0500905)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31600584)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2015ZCQSB-02)
文摘To date,much of research on revegetation has focused on soil microorganisms due to their contributions in the formation of soil and soil remediation process.However,little is known about the soil bacteria and their functions respond to the diverse vegetational types in the process of vegetation restoration.Effects of dominated vegetation,i.e.,Artemisia halodendron Turcz Ex Bess,Caragana microphylla Lam.,Hedysarum fruticosum Pall.and Pinus sylvestris L.on bacterial community structures and their potential functions in the Hulun Buir Sandy Land,China were determined using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states(PICRUSt)in 2015.Although the dominant phyla of soil bacterial community among different types of vegetation,including Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes,were similar,the relative abundance of these dominant groups significantly differed,indicating that different types of vegetation might result in variations in the composition of soil bacterial community.In addition,functional genes of bacterial populations were similar among different types of vegetation,whereas its relative abundance was significantly differed.Most carbon fixation genes showed a high relative abundance in P.sylvestris,vs.recalcitrant carbon decomposition genes in A.halodendron,suggesting the variations in carbon cycling potential of different types of vegetation.Abundance of assimilatory nitrate reduction genes was the highest in P.sylvestris,vs.dissimilatory nitrate reduction and nitrate reductase genes in A.halodendron,indicating higher nitrogen gasification loss and lower nitrogen utilization gene functions in A.halodendron.The structures and functional genes of soil bacterial community showed marked sensitivities to different plant species,presenting the potentials for regulating soil carbon and nitrogen cycling.
基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB15010101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41907039)the China Biodiversity Observation Networks(Sino BON).
文摘The elevational distributions of bacterial communities in natural mountain forests,especially along large elevational gradients,have been studied for many years.However,the distributional patterns that underlie variations in soil bacterial communities along small-scale elevational gradients in urban ecosystems are not yet well understood.Using Illumina MiSeq DNA sequencing,we surveyed soil bacterial communities at three elevations on Zijin Mountain in Nanjing City:the hilltop(300 m a.s.l.),the hillside(150 m a.s.l.),and the foot of the hill(0 m a.s.l.).The results showed that edaphic properties differed significantly with elevation.Bacterial community composition,rather than alpha diversity,strongly differed among the three elevations(Adonis:R2=0.12,P<0.01).Adonis and DistLM analyses demonstrated that bacterial community composition was highly correlated with soil pH,elevation,total nitrogen(TN),and dissolved organic carbon(DOC).The degree scores,betweenness centralities,and composition of keystone species were distinct among the elevations.These results demonstrate strong elevational partitioning in the distributions of soil bacterial communities along the gradient on Zijin Mountain.Soil pH and elevation together drove the smallscale elevational distribution of soil bacterial communities.This study broadens our understanding of distribution patterns and biotic co-occurrence associations of soil bacterial communities from large elevational gradients to short elevational gradients.
基金financially supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA 28060300)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC0507601-03)the Applied Basic Research Programs of Liaoning Province(2023JH2/101700353)
文摘Background No-tillage(NT)is a widely used field management to reduce soil erosion and degradation and is suggested to be beneficial for enhancing soil carbon(C)sequestration capacity.Nonetheless,the effects of NT on soil total carbon(TC)content in aeolian sandy soils are not extensively explored,and the underlying mechanisms are not clear.In our field experiments,the influence of NT and conventional tillage(CT)on sandy soil was studied.Methods We estimated the changes in soil TC in response to NT practice in a Cyperus esculentus L.field located at semi-arid Horqin sandy land,China.To unravel the underlying mechanisms,plant traits,soil properties and soil microbial characteristics were measured in parallel.The variations in soil bacterial community structure were investigated by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.The functionality of soil bacterial community was predicted based on OTU tables by using PICRUSt2.Results NT increased soil TC content in this sandy agroecosystem within a short-term experimental period,compared to CT.The underlying mechanisms might rely on three aspects.First,NT increased soil TC content through increasing photosynthesis and plant biomass,and thus,the plant-derived dissolved organic C.Second,NT increased the C immobilized in soil microbial biomass by increasing microbial C demands and C use efficiency.Third,NT increased the dominance of oligotrophic members in bacterial communities by decreasing available nutrient levels,which is associated with the recalcitrance and stability of the soil organic carbon.Conclusions The present study enriched our knowledge on the changes in the plant-soil-microbe continuum in response to NT in a semi-arid sandy agroecosystem.Still,this study provides a reference for modifying tillage practices to benefit crop yield as well as soil C sequestration.
基金supported by the Nanfan Special Project(Grant No.YBXM2318)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ZDRW202402)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD0400602).
文摘In environmental biosafety assessments of glyphosate-tolerant crops,it is essential to evaluate the effects of cultivating these crops and applying glyphosate on the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil,which play a critical role in maintaining soil health,plant growth,and crop productivity.Maize(Zea mays)line GG2 was previously generated by transforming wild-type maize with the gat and gr79-epsps genes,endowing GG2 with both active and passive resistance to glyphosate.However,the ecological risk of introducing these two new glyphosate-tolerance genes into maize,as well as glyphosate treatment,to rhizosphere microorganisms remain unclear.In this study,we used high-throughput sequencing to analyze the diversity and composition of the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil around biotech maize GG2,with(GG2-H)and without glyphosate treatment(GG2-N),compared with the near-isogenic,non-biotech maize line ZD958 at seven stages of growth.The structure and diversity of the bacterial and fungal communities of GG2-H were similar to those of ZD958,whereas glyphosate treatment had temporary effects on bacterial and fungal diversity and richness.The differences in the bacterial and fungal communities were associated with changes in soil properties such as pH,available phosphorus and organic matter,and seasonal changes.These factors,rather than maize lines,made the greatest contributions to the shifts in bacterial and fungal community structure.This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of biotech crop cultivation,glyphosate treatment,soil physicochemical properties of soil,and maize growth stages on soil microbial communities,offering valuable insights for the large-scale adoption of biotech crops in China.
