Benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylene(BTEX)pollution poses a serious threat to public health and the environment because of its respiratory and neurological effects,carcinogenic properties,and adverse effects on air...Benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylene(BTEX)pollution poses a serious threat to public health and the environment because of its respiratory and neurological effects,carcinogenic properties,and adverse effects on air quality.BTEX exposure is a matter of grave concern in India owing to the growing vehicular and development activities,necessitating the assessment of atmospheric concentrations and their spatial variation.This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of ambient concentrations and spatiotemporal variations of BTEX in India.The study investigates the correlation of BTEX with other criteria pollutants andmeteorological parameters,aiming to identify interrelationships and diagnostic indicators for the source characterization of BTEX emissions.Additionally,the paper categorizes various regions in India according to the Air Quality Index(AQI)based on BTEX pollution levels.The results reveal that the northern zone of India exhibits the highest levels of BTEX pollution compared to central,eastern,and western regions.In contrast,the southern zone experiences the least pollution with BTEX.Seasonal analysis indicates that winter and postmonsoon periods,characterized by lower temperatures,are associated with higher BTEX levels due to the accumulation of localized emissions.When comparing the different zones in India,high traffic emissions and localized activities,such as solvent use and solvent evaporation,are found to be the primary sources of BTEX.The findings of the current study aid in source characterization and identification,and better understanding of the region’s air quality problems,which helps in the development of focused BTEX pollution reduction and control strategies.展开更多
Evidence on the association of occupational exposure to benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylene(BTEX)with hematologic and hepatic profiles were equivocal,and few studies have investigated overall effect of BTEX mixtur...Evidence on the association of occupational exposure to benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylene(BTEX)with hematologic and hepatic profiles were equivocal,and few studies have investigated overall effect of BTEX mixtures.Herein,significant higher concentrations(p<0.05)of hippuric acid,1,2-dihydroxybenzene,mandelic acid,trans,trans-muconic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid were found in petrochemical workers than the controls,in accordance with higher levels of hematologic and hepatic profiles found in petrochemical workers(p<0.05).Occupational exposure to individual BTEX was associated with elevated levels of white blood cell(WBC),lymphocyte(LYMPH),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT).Further,the Weighted Quantile Sum Regression model and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression model consistently identified a positive associa-tion between BTEX mixture exposure and WBC,LYMPH,and GGT.Xylene was the primary contributor to increased WBC,LYMPH,and GGT levels.Furthermore,BTEX exposure resulting in the increased inflammation indices were mainly related to perturbations of sphingolipid metabolism,biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,and primary bile acid biosynthesis.Whereas metabolites mediated the correlation between BTEX exposure and liver function indiceswere related to the perturbations of biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,arachidonic acid metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,primary bile acid biosynthesis,etc.Our findings revealed potential health risk of occupational exposure to BTEX andmight help one to understand the link between BTEX exposure and hematologic and hepatic profiles.展开更多
文摘Benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylene(BTEX)pollution poses a serious threat to public health and the environment because of its respiratory and neurological effects,carcinogenic properties,and adverse effects on air quality.BTEX exposure is a matter of grave concern in India owing to the growing vehicular and development activities,necessitating the assessment of atmospheric concentrations and their spatial variation.This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of ambient concentrations and spatiotemporal variations of BTEX in India.The study investigates the correlation of BTEX with other criteria pollutants andmeteorological parameters,aiming to identify interrelationships and diagnostic indicators for the source characterization of BTEX emissions.Additionally,the paper categorizes various regions in India according to the Air Quality Index(AQI)based on BTEX pollution levels.The results reveal that the northern zone of India exhibits the highest levels of BTEX pollution compared to central,eastern,and western regions.In contrast,the southern zone experiences the least pollution with BTEX.Seasonal analysis indicates that winter and postmonsoon periods,characterized by lower temperatures,are associated with higher BTEX levels due to the accumulation of localized emissions.When comparing the different zones in India,high traffic emissions and localized activities,such as solvent use and solvent evaporation,are found to be the primary sources of BTEX.The findings of the current study aid in source characterization and identification,and better understanding of the region’s air quality problems,which helps in the development of focused BTEX pollution reduction and control strategies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(Nos.2019YFC1804503 and 2019YFC1804502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42307477 and 42207485)Guangdong Provincial Key R&D Program(No.2022-GDUT-A0007).
文摘Evidence on the association of occupational exposure to benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylene(BTEX)with hematologic and hepatic profiles were equivocal,and few studies have investigated overall effect of BTEX mixtures.Herein,significant higher concentrations(p<0.05)of hippuric acid,1,2-dihydroxybenzene,mandelic acid,trans,trans-muconic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid were found in petrochemical workers than the controls,in accordance with higher levels of hematologic and hepatic profiles found in petrochemical workers(p<0.05).Occupational exposure to individual BTEX was associated with elevated levels of white blood cell(WBC),lymphocyte(LYMPH),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT).Further,the Weighted Quantile Sum Regression model and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression model consistently identified a positive associa-tion between BTEX mixture exposure and WBC,LYMPH,and GGT.Xylene was the primary contributor to increased WBC,LYMPH,and GGT levels.Furthermore,BTEX exposure resulting in the increased inflammation indices were mainly related to perturbations of sphingolipid metabolism,biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,and primary bile acid biosynthesis.Whereas metabolites mediated the correlation between BTEX exposure and liver function indiceswere related to the perturbations of biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,arachidonic acid metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,primary bile acid biosynthesis,etc.Our findings revealed potential health risk of occupational exposure to BTEX andmight help one to understand the link between BTEX exposure and hematologic and hepatic profiles.
