Suffusion is the process defined as the migration of relatively small soil particles through the pores of a soil matrix composed of relatively large particles,driven by substantial hydrodynamic forces and weak attract...Suffusion is the process defined as the migration of relatively small soil particles through the pores of a soil matrix composed of relatively large particles,driven by substantial hydrodynamic forces and weak attraction energies.This study investigates the influence of flow direction(upward and downward)on suffusion induced by interaction energies in sand-clay mixtures under both saturated and unsaturated conditions.The impact of clay mineralogy(kaolinite,illite,and montmorillonite),sand-grain size,and ionic concentration(IC)gradient were discussed based on the observed breakthrough curves(BTCs)and relative saturation rate(Sr)during injection(particularly for unsaturated conditions).Under saturated conditions,higher susceptibility to suffusion was observed in sand-kaolinite and sand-illite mixtures under downward flow compared to upward flow,whereas the suffusion of montmorillonite was more significant under upward flow than under downward flow.In contrast,for unsaturated conditions,more substantial suffusion of kaolinite and illite particles occurred under upward flow compared to downward flow,whereas the opposite trend was observed in sand-montmorillonite mixtures.In addition,the impact of sand-grain size(or the size ratio between sand and clay)on the suffusion of kaolinite and illite under unsaturated conditions suggests a reduced size ratio that leads to relatively significant suffusion under downward flow compared to upward flow.The findings presented in this study contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the influence of flow direction on suffusion in sand-clay mixtures under both saturated and unsaturated conditions.展开更多
Compound [Co 3(BTC)(HBTC)(H 2BTC)(C 2H 4O 2) 3]·3(DMF)·6(H 3O) was synthesized under mild conditions and its crystal structure was determined by using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure ...Compound [Co 3(BTC)(HBTC)(H 2BTC)(C 2H 4O 2) 3]·3(DMF)·6(H 3O) was synthesized under mild conditions and its crystal structure was determined by using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure was solved by direct method and refined by full-matrix least-square method. The crystal is monoclinic and belongs to space group Cc with a=2.645 3(5) nm, b= 1.670 4(3) nm, c=1\^821 6(4) nm, β=128.16(3) °, V=6.329(2) nm 3, Z=2 , D c=20.200 Mg/m 3, M r= 1 314.744, μ=10.274 mm -1, F(000) =38 226, GOF=0.99, R=0.094 1, ωR=0.257 3.展开更多
A new inorganic-organic hybrid framework microporous material Cd 3(BDC) 0.5(BTC) 2·(DMF)(H 2O)·3DMF·H 3O·H 2O, in which two kinds of carboxylate ligands coordinate with cadmium ions synchronously, ...A new inorganic-organic hybrid framework microporous material Cd 3(BDC) 0.5(BTC) 2·(DMF)(H 2O)·3DMF·H 3O·H 2O, in which two kinds of carboxylate ligands coordinate with cadmium ions synchronously, was obtained under a mild synthesis condition. The titled compound is crystallized in a monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/c with a=1.584 7(7) nm, b=1.426 7(6) nm, c=1.936 3(6) nm, β=113.186(7)°, V=4.024 6(3) nm 3, Z=4, D X=1.947 mg/m 3, M r=1 179.92, μ=1.662 mm -1, F(000)=2 344, R=0.074 8, wR=0.215 1. Three cadmium centers link with each other through BDC or BTC ligand to form a 3-D open framework.展开更多
文摘胆道恶性肿瘤(biliary tract cancer,BTC)在消化道肿瘤中仅占3%,但具有侵袭性强、死亡率高、预后差的特点[1]。由于发病隐匿,多数患者确诊时已处于中晚期,错失手术根治的最佳时机,且传统放化疗改善患者生存效果欠佳。近年,随着以程序性死亡受体1(programmed death 1,PD-1)/程序性死亡受体配体1(programmed death ligand l,PD-L1)为代表的免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitor,ICI)的出现,为BTC治疗带来新的希望[2-3]。近年来,多项针对BTC免疫治疗的临床试验相继开展。
基金supported by the Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement under the Ministry of Land,Infrastructure and Transport (Grant No.RS-2024-00410248)by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)grants funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (Grant No.RS-2022R1C1C1007296).
文摘Suffusion is the process defined as the migration of relatively small soil particles through the pores of a soil matrix composed of relatively large particles,driven by substantial hydrodynamic forces and weak attraction energies.This study investigates the influence of flow direction(upward and downward)on suffusion induced by interaction energies in sand-clay mixtures under both saturated and unsaturated conditions.The impact of clay mineralogy(kaolinite,illite,and montmorillonite),sand-grain size,and ionic concentration(IC)gradient were discussed based on the observed breakthrough curves(BTCs)and relative saturation rate(Sr)during injection(particularly for unsaturated conditions).Under saturated conditions,higher susceptibility to suffusion was observed in sand-kaolinite and sand-illite mixtures under downward flow compared to upward flow,whereas the suffusion of montmorillonite was more significant under upward flow than under downward flow.In contrast,for unsaturated conditions,more substantial suffusion of kaolinite and illite particles occurred under upward flow compared to downward flow,whereas the opposite trend was observed in sand-montmorillonite mixtures.In addition,the impact of sand-grain size(or the size ratio between sand and clay)on the suffusion of kaolinite and illite under unsaturated conditions suggests a reduced size ratio that leads to relatively significant suffusion under downward flow compared to upward flow.The findings presented in this study contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the influence of flow direction on suffusion in sand-clay mixtures under both saturated and unsaturated conditions.
文摘Compound [Co 3(BTC)(HBTC)(H 2BTC)(C 2H 4O 2) 3]·3(DMF)·6(H 3O) was synthesized under mild conditions and its crystal structure was determined by using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure was solved by direct method and refined by full-matrix least-square method. The crystal is monoclinic and belongs to space group Cc with a=2.645 3(5) nm, b= 1.670 4(3) nm, c=1\^821 6(4) nm, β=128.16(3) °, V=6.329(2) nm 3, Z=2 , D c=20.200 Mg/m 3, M r= 1 314.744, μ=10.274 mm -1, F(000) =38 226, GOF=0.99, R=0.094 1, ωR=0.257 3.
文摘A new inorganic-organic hybrid framework microporous material Cd 3(BDC) 0.5(BTC) 2·(DMF)(H 2O)·3DMF·H 3O·H 2O, in which two kinds of carboxylate ligands coordinate with cadmium ions synchronously, was obtained under a mild synthesis condition. The titled compound is crystallized in a monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/c with a=1.584 7(7) nm, b=1.426 7(6) nm, c=1.936 3(6) nm, β=113.186(7)°, V=4.024 6(3) nm 3, Z=4, D X=1.947 mg/m 3, M r=1 179.92, μ=1.662 mm -1, F(000)=2 344, R=0.074 8, wR=0.215 1. Three cadmium centers link with each other through BDC or BTC ligand to form a 3-D open framework.
