BSCS(Biology Science Curriculum Study)教材是由美国生物科学课程研究会编写的美国高中生物学系列教材,包括BSCS A molecular Approach教材、BSCS A Human Approach教材、BSCS An Ecological Approach教材等。简要介绍了美国高中生物...BSCS(Biology Science Curriculum Study)教材是由美国生物科学课程研究会编写的美国高中生物学系列教材,包括BSCS A molecular Approach教材、BSCS A Human Approach教材、BSCS An Ecological Approach教材等。简要介绍了美国高中生物学教材Biology A Human Approach的主要编写特色。展开更多
Biological soil crusts(BSCs)play crucial roles in improving soil fertility and promoting plants settlement and reproduction in arid areas.However,the specific effects of BSCs on growth status and nutrient accumulation...Biological soil crusts(BSCs)play crucial roles in improving soil fertility and promoting plants settlement and reproduction in arid areas.However,the specific effects of BSCs on growth status and nutrient accumulation of plants are still unclear in different arid areas.This study analyzed the effects of three different BSCs treatments(without crust(WC),intact crust(IC),and broken crust(BC))on the growth,inorganic nutrient absorption,and organic solute synthesis of three typical desert plants(Grubovia dasyphylla(Fisch.&C.A.Mey.)Freitag&G.Kadereit,Nitraria tangutorum Bobrov,and Caragana koraiensis Kom.)in the Minqin desert-oasis ecotone of Northwest China.Results showed that the effects of three BSCs treatments on seed emergence and survival of three plants varied with seed types.The IC treatment significantly hindered the emergence and survival of seeds,while the BC treatment was more conducive to seed emergence and survival of plants.BSCs significantly promoted the growth of three plants,but their effects on plant growth varied at different stages of the growth.Briefly,the growth of G.dasyphylla was affected by BSCs in early stage,but the effects on the growth of G.dasyphylla significantly weakened in the middle and late stages.However,the growth of N.tangutorum and C.koraiensis only showed differences at the middle and late stages,with a significant enhancement in growth.Analysis of variance showed that BSCs,plant species,growth period,and their interactions had significant effects on the biomass and root:shoot ratio of three plants.BSC significantly affected the nutrients absorption and organic solute synthesis in plants.Specifically,BSCs significantly promoted nitrogen(N)absorption in plants and increased plant adaptability in N poor desert ecosystems,but had no significant effects on phosphorus(P)absorption.The effects of BSCs on inorganic nutrient absorption and organic solute synthesis in plants varied significantly among different plant species.The results suggest that BSCs have significant effects on the growth and nutrient accumulation of desert plants,which will provide theoretical basis for exploring the effects of BSCs on desert plant diversity,biodiversity conservation,and ecosystem management measures in arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
The effects of various biological soil crusts(BSCs)on soil properties have been extensively studied.However,the impacts of specific species such as Placidium squamulosum,Peccania terricola,and Grimmia ovalis on soil p...The effects of various biological soil crusts(BSCs)on soil properties have been extensively studied.However,the impacts of specific species such as Placidium squamulosum,Peccania terricola,and Grimmia ovalis on soil properties in arid regions have not been documented.Besides,the effects of soil parent rock on the extent of changes in soil properties caused by BSCs have not been thoroughly investigated.The objective of this study was to examine how BSCs including two different terricolous lichen species(Placidium squamulosum and Peccania terricola)and a moss species(Grimmia ovalis)could change major soil chemical and nutritional properties in an arid area under different parent rocks.Triplicate BSC-free surface soil and soil associated with the abovementioned BSCs were sampled from 13 different sites with sedimentary and igneous parent rocks in an arid area in Isfahan,Iran.Soil properties including p H,electrical conductivity(EC),organic matter(OM),calcium carbonate equivalent(CCE),total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium were determined in all the samples.The results indicated that the presence of lichens and mosses significantly changed the soil chemical and nutritional properties.Specifically,the content of total nitrogen,organic matter,and available potassium in the soil environment increased under the activity of these biological crusts developed on both sedimentary and igneous formations.Additionally,these biological crusts resulted in a significant reduction in soil p H,CCE,and available phosphorus.The electrical conductivity of soils slightly increased due to the activity of biological crusts.In general,biological crusts including both chlorolichen(Placidium squamulosum)and cyanolichen(Peccania terricola)species,as well as a moss species(Grimmia ovalis)appear to create a unique microenvironment in terms of biochemical and nutritional conditions,which is substantially different from those typically observed in drylands.展开更多
文摘BSCS(Biology Science Curriculum Study)教材是由美国生物科学课程研究会编写的美国高中生物学系列教材,包括BSCS A molecular Approach教材、BSCS A Human Approach教材、BSCS An Ecological Approach教材等。简要介绍了美国高中生物学教材Biology A Human Approach的主要编写特色。
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(24JRRA733,23JRRA589)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42377470,42207539)the Light of Western Light Program of Talent Cultivation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(22JR9KA028).
文摘Biological soil crusts(BSCs)play crucial roles in improving soil fertility and promoting plants settlement and reproduction in arid areas.However,the specific effects of BSCs on growth status and nutrient accumulation of plants are still unclear in different arid areas.This study analyzed the effects of three different BSCs treatments(without crust(WC),intact crust(IC),and broken crust(BC))on the growth,inorganic nutrient absorption,and organic solute synthesis of three typical desert plants(Grubovia dasyphylla(Fisch.&C.A.Mey.)Freitag&G.Kadereit,Nitraria tangutorum Bobrov,and Caragana koraiensis Kom.)in the Minqin desert-oasis ecotone of Northwest China.Results showed that the effects of three BSCs treatments on seed emergence and survival of three plants varied with seed types.The IC treatment significantly hindered the emergence and survival of seeds,while the BC treatment was more conducive to seed emergence and survival of plants.BSCs significantly promoted the growth of three plants,but their effects on plant growth varied at different stages of the growth.Briefly,the growth of G.dasyphylla was affected by BSCs in early stage,but the effects on the growth of G.dasyphylla significantly weakened in the middle and late stages.However,the growth of N.tangutorum and C.koraiensis only showed differences at the middle and late stages,with a significant enhancement in growth.Analysis of variance showed that BSCs,plant species,growth period,and their interactions had significant effects on the biomass and root:shoot ratio of three plants.BSC significantly affected the nutrients absorption and organic solute synthesis in plants.Specifically,BSCs significantly promoted nitrogen(N)absorption in plants and increased plant adaptability in N poor desert ecosystems,but had no significant effects on phosphorus(P)absorption.The effects of BSCs on inorganic nutrient absorption and organic solute synthesis in plants varied significantly among different plant species.The results suggest that BSCs have significant effects on the growth and nutrient accumulation of desert plants,which will provide theoretical basis for exploring the effects of BSCs on desert plant diversity,biodiversity conservation,and ecosystem management measures in arid and semi-arid areas.
文摘The effects of various biological soil crusts(BSCs)on soil properties have been extensively studied.However,the impacts of specific species such as Placidium squamulosum,Peccania terricola,and Grimmia ovalis on soil properties in arid regions have not been documented.Besides,the effects of soil parent rock on the extent of changes in soil properties caused by BSCs have not been thoroughly investigated.The objective of this study was to examine how BSCs including two different terricolous lichen species(Placidium squamulosum and Peccania terricola)and a moss species(Grimmia ovalis)could change major soil chemical and nutritional properties in an arid area under different parent rocks.Triplicate BSC-free surface soil and soil associated with the abovementioned BSCs were sampled from 13 different sites with sedimentary and igneous parent rocks in an arid area in Isfahan,Iran.Soil properties including p H,electrical conductivity(EC),organic matter(OM),calcium carbonate equivalent(CCE),total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium were determined in all the samples.The results indicated that the presence of lichens and mosses significantly changed the soil chemical and nutritional properties.Specifically,the content of total nitrogen,organic matter,and available potassium in the soil environment increased under the activity of these biological crusts developed on both sedimentary and igneous formations.Additionally,these biological crusts resulted in a significant reduction in soil p H,CCE,and available phosphorus.The electrical conductivity of soils slightly increased due to the activity of biological crusts.In general,biological crusts including both chlorolichen(Placidium squamulosum)and cyanolichen(Peccania terricola)species,as well as a moss species(Grimmia ovalis)appear to create a unique microenvironment in terms of biochemical and nutritional conditions,which is substantially different from those typically observed in drylands.
