Inspired by the recent discovery of breathing kagome materials Nb_(3)Cl_(8) and Nb_(3)TeCl_(7),we have explored the influence of the breathing effect on the Hubbard model of the kagome lattice.Utilizing the determinan...Inspired by the recent discovery of breathing kagome materials Nb_(3)Cl_(8) and Nb_(3)TeCl_(7),we have explored the influence of the breathing effect on the Hubbard model of the kagome lattice.Utilizing the determinant quantum Monte Carlo method,we first investigated the average sign problem in the breathing kagome lattice,which is influenced by both the breathing strength and the interaction strength.Secondly,we calculated the electronic kinetic energy,the direct current conductivity,and the electronic density of states at the Fermi level to determine the critical interaction strength for the metal-insulator transition.Our results indicate that the breathing effect,in conjunction with the interaction strength,drives the kagome system from a metal to an insulator.Finally,we evaluated the magnetic properties and constructed a phase diagram incorporating both transport and magnetic properties.The phase diagram reveals that as the interaction strength increases,the system transitions from a paramagnetic metal to a Mott insulator.Our research provides theoretical guidance for utilizing the breathing effect to control the band gaps,conductivity,and magnetic properties of kagome materials with electronic interactions.展开更多
This paper reports a case of cerebral stem infarction with quadriplegia and complete dependence on daily life.The course of the disease lasted more than 7 months.Frenchay's improved articulation Disorder Assessmen...This paper reports a case of cerebral stem infarction with quadriplegia and complete dependence on daily life.The course of the disease lasted more than 7 months.Frenchay's improved articulation Disorder Assessment Form has been assessed as severe articulation disorder.The patient has significantly improved his speech function and quality of life after systematic head control training,respiratory function training,articulation motor training,and articulation training.In the course of treatment,emphasis was placed on head postural control training and respiratory function training,and emphasis was placed on the strength and coordination training of articulatory organs,and the results were remarkable.After the patient was discharged from the hospital,the follow-up of basic daily life communication was not limited.展开更多
Objective:Based on the breathing exercise derived from the self-efficacy theory,this study aims to construct a breathing exercise intervention program according to the conditions of patients with chronic heart failure...Objective:Based on the breathing exercise derived from the self-efficacy theory,this study aims to construct a breathing exercise intervention program according to the conditions of patients with chronic heart failure,to improve their cardiac function,relieve dyspnea,enhance their quality of life,and further enrich the research on the efficacy of respiratory rehabilitation exercises for patients with chronic heart failure.Method:A total of 98 inpatients with chronic heart failure admitted to the hospital from April 2024 to April 2025 were selected and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group,with 49 patients in each group.The patients in the control group received conventional nursing,while the patients in the intervention group received the breathing exercise intervention program based on the self-efficacy theory in addition to the conventional nursing of the control group,with interventions conducted through guidance,psychological support,health education,and other methods.The conditions of patients in both groups before and after the intervention were observed.Results:After 1 month and 3 months of intervention,in terms of improving the degree of dyspnea in patients of both groups,the main effect of intervention and the time effect on the degree of dyspnea were statistically significant(F=13.948,P<0.001;F=38.423,P<0.001).Moreover,there was an interaction between the time factor and the intervention factor in both groups(F=113.763,P<0.001).In terms of increasing the 6-minute walking distance,the main effect and time effect in both groups were statistically significant(F=7.371,P=0.008;F=459.405,P<0.001),and there was an interaction effect between the time factor and intervention factor in both groups(F=177.180,P<0.001).After 1 month and 3 months of intervention,in terms of improving the level of exercise self-efficacy,the main effect of intervention and the time effect in both groups were statistically significant(F=6.860,P=0.01;F=25.133,P<0.001),and there was an interaction between the time factor and the intervention factor(F=159.576,P<0.05).Conclusion:Breathing exercise based on the self-efficacy theory is helpful to improve the sense of efficacy of patients with chronic heart failure,enable them to persist in breathing exercise for a long time,further alleviate their dyspnea,promote the recovery of cardiopulmonary function,and enhance their quality of life.Breathing exercise based on the self-efficacy theory can be used as a simple,home-based intervention method to provide corresponding help for patients with chronic heart failure during the rehabilitation period.展开更多
Higher-order topological insulators,which host topologically protected states at boundaries that are at least two dimensions lower than the bulk,are an emerging class of topological materials.They provide great opport...Higher-order topological insulators,which host topologically protected states at boundaries that are at least two dimensions lower than the bulk,are an emerging class of topological materials.They provide great opportunities for exploring novel topological phenomena and fascinating applications.Utilizing a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope,we construct breathing-kagome lattices with Fe adatoms on Ag(111)and investigate their electronic properties.We observe the higher-order topological boundary states in the topological phase but not in the trivial one,which is consistent with the theory.These states are found to be robust against the removal of bulk or edge adatoms.Further,we show the arbitrary positioning of these states either at corner,edge,or bulk sites by slightly modifying their neighbors.Our study not only demonstrates the formation and robustness of the electronic higher-order topological boundary states in real atomic systems but also provides a route for controlling their positions.展开更多
Aim:To explore the clinical characteristics of reversible respiratory chain deficiency in infants and young children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of a newborn with recurrent resp...Aim:To explore the clinical characteristics of reversible respiratory chain deficiency in infants and young children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of a newborn with recurrent respiratory distress and elevated lactate levels,and relevant literature was reviewed.The patient,male,22 days old,had difficulty breathing,no weight gain,and symptoms such as shortness of breath and cyanosis after birth,which lasted for 68 days.There was no history of birth asphyxia rescue;Treatment with antibiotics,respiratory support,diuresis,acid correction,multiple vitamins,and levocarnitine did not improve symptoms;Gradual worsening of breathing difficulties accompanied by feeding difficulties and slow weight gain;Multiple rechecks of blood gas analysis indicate an increase in lactate levels.The laboratory results showed that the child in this case had obvious clinical manifestations of MD.Genetic examination showed MT-TE gene mutation,and the mother was a carrier of MT-TE gene mutation.Conclusion:In the face of recurrent respiratory distress accompanied by elevated lactate levels in newborns,when clinical manifestations of unexplained lactate levels,feeding difficulties,poor aspiration,reduced spontaneous activity,and low muscle tone occur,the possibility of mitochondrial disease should be considered,and genetic testing should be actively improved to clarify the diagnosis.This type of disease is different from other types of mitochondrial diseases.After active and effective treatment,the prognosis is good.The key is early diagnosis,reasonable treatment,timely development of reasonable treatment plans,reduction of complications,and improvement of the final prognosis of the child.展开更多
We have designed a breathing paced television;a television that plays content in sync with users’ activity of exhaling through pursed lips, to achieve better motivation and compliance of such exercises. Described sys...We have designed a breathing paced television;a television that plays content in sync with users’ activity of exhaling through pursed lips, to achieve better motivation and compliance of such exercises. Described system has been tested with control group who have watched the same video. Breathing rate reduction was significantly higher in active group (54.48% ± 8.34%) than in control group (6.84% ± 17.21%), however, the proposed method of watching television is obviously not as trivial as watching television per se.展开更多
A micro direct methanol fuel cell （μDMFC） using MEMS technology is reported. The prototype features a unique 3D air-breathing cathode structure fabricated using KOH etching and double-side lithography. The optimiza...A micro direct methanol fuel cell （μDMFC） using MEMS technology is reported. The prototype features a unique 3D air-breathing cathode structure fabricated using KOH etching and double-side lithography. The optimization of the MEMS fabrication process is analyzed. The experimental results show the prototype generates a maximum power density of 2.52mW/cm^2 at room temperature. This performance is better than the published resuits of other silicon-based passive μDMFCs. Moreover,it is comparable with that of our previous active μDMFCs which require an external pump, certificating the feasibility of this new configuration.展开更多
Aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals, while resting at the water surface or ashore, breathe with a low frequency （f） by comparison to terrestrial mammals of the same body size, the difference increasing the larger the s...Aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals, while resting at the water surface or ashore, breathe with a low frequency （f） by comparison to terrestrial mammals of the same body size, the difference increasing the larger the species. Among various interpretations, it was suggested that the low-f breathing is a consequence of the end-inspiratory breath-holding pattern adopted by aquatic mammals to favour buoyancy at the water surface, and evolved to be part of the genetic makeup. If this interpretation was correct it could be expected that, differently from f, the heart rate （HR, beats/min） of aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals at rest would not need to differ from that of terrestrial mammals and that their HR-fratio would be higher than in terrestrial species. Literature data for HR （beats/min） in mammals at rest were gathered for 56 terrestrial and 27 aquatic species. In aquatic mammals the allometric curve （HR=191 .M^18; M= body mass, kg） did not differ from that of terrestrial species （HR=212.M^-0.22） and their HR-fratio （on average 32±5） was much higher than in terrestrial species （5±1） （P〈0.0001）. The comparison of these HR allometric curves to those forfpreviously published indicated that the HR-fratio was body size-independent in terrestrial species while it increased significantly with M in aquatic species. The similarity in HR and differences in f between aquatic and terrestrial mammals agree with the possibility that the lowfof aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals may have evolved for a non-respiratory function, namely the regulation of buoyancy at the water surface [Current Zoology 61（4）： 569-577, 2015].展开更多
In this paper, a new analytical method for vibration analysis of a cracked simply supported beam is investigated. By considering a nonlinear model for the fatigue crack, the governing equation of motion of the cracked...In this paper, a new analytical method for vibration analysis of a cracked simply supported beam is investigated. By considering a nonlinear model for the fatigue crack, the governing equation of motion of the cracked beam is solved using perturbation method. The solution of the governing equation reveals the superhaxmonics of the fundamental frequency due to the nonlinear effects in the dynamic response of the cracked beam. Furthermore, considering such a solution, an explicit expression is also derived for the system damping changes due to the changes in the crack parameters, geometric dimensions and mechanical properties of the cracked beam. The results show that an increase in the crack severity and approaching the crack location to the middle of the beam increase the system damping. In order to validate the results, changes in the fundamental frequency ratios against the fatigue crack severities are compared with those of experimental results available in the literature. Also, a comparison is made between the free response of the cracked beam with a given crack depth and location obtained by the proposed analytical solution and that of the numerical method. The results of the proposed method agree with the experimental and numerical results.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Some research exists on the effect of non-pharmacological approaches for labor pain relief However, there is limited information about effectiveness of breathing exercises in pregnant women to reduce mate...BACKGROUND： Some research exists on the effect of non-pharmacological approaches for labor pain relief However, there is limited information about effectiveness of breathing exercises in pregnant women to reduce maternal pain during labor. OBJECTIVE： To determine whether breathing exercises for pregnant women during the second stage of labor have beneficial effects on maternal pain, duration of labor, and the first-minute Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration （APGAR） scores. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： This randomized clinical trial involved 250 pregnant women, who were randomly divided into two groups： intervention group （IG; n = 125） and control group （CG; n = 125）. IG received one session breathing exercise training and performed breathing exercises during the second stage of labor versus the CG that did not receive any breathing exercise training. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The effects of breathing exercises on maternal pain were determined by Visual Analogue Scale （VAS）, duration of the second stage of labor, and the first-minute APGAR scores. RESULTS： The mean age of the participants was （23.2 _＋ 4.2） （range： 18 to 42） years. Both IG and CG had similar baseline characteristics in terms of age, education level, occupation, and smoking （P 〉 0.05）. The mean VAS scores of IG and CG were （88.2 ＋_ 6.3） and （90.5 ＋_ 7.0）, respectively （P 〈 0.001）. The duration of the second stage of labor was （369.6 ＋ 92.0） s for IG and （440.7 ＋ 142.5） s for CG （P 〈 0.001 ）. The mean first-minute APGAR scores were （8.84 ＋ 0.50） for IG and （8.73 ＋ 0.89） for CG （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Based on this study, breathing exercises with deep inhalation and exhalation in pregnant women are effective in reducing the perception of labor pain and shortening the duration of the second stage of delivery. Therefore, we recommend breathing exercises as an effective modality for labor pain management and shortening the duration of labor. TRIAL REGISTRATION： This study is registered on the website of ClinicalTrials.gov （www.clinicaltrials.gov） with the number of NCT03066973.展开更多
Using the split-step Fourier transform method, we numerically investigate the generation of breathing solitons in the propagation and interactions of Airy–Gaussian（AiG） beams in a cubic–quintic nonlinear medium in...Using the split-step Fourier transform method, we numerically investigate the generation of breathing solitons in the propagation and interactions of Airy–Gaussian（AiG） beams in a cubic–quintic nonlinear medium in one transverse dimension. We show that the propagation of single AiG beams can generate stable breathing solitons that do not accelerate within a certain initial power range. The propagation direction of these breathing solitons can be controlled by introducing a launch angle to the incident AiG beams. When two AiG beams accelerated in opposite directions interact with each other,different breathing solitons and soliton pairs are observed by adjusting the phase shift, the beam interval, the amplitudes,and the light field distribution of the initial AiG beams.展开更多
Background Sleep-disordered breathing （SDB） is known to occur frequently in and may predict worsening progression of patients with congestive heart failure （CHF）. SDB is also known to play an important role in the...Background Sleep-disordered breathing （SDB） is known to occur frequently in and may predict worsening progression of patients with congestive heart failure （CHF）. SDB is also known to play an important role in the development of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hyper- tension （PAH） via inducing endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling, a pathological process that can be significantly influenced by factors such as osteoprotegerin （OPG） and endothelial progenitor cells （EPCs）. The objective of this study is to determine if CHF with SDB is associated with changes in OPG, EPCs, and PAIl. Methods EPCs were isolated, cultured, and quantified from CHF patients with SDB （n = 52）, or without SDB （n - 68）. OPG and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） from each group was analyzed and cor- related with EPCs and the mean pulmonary artery pressure （mPAP） measured by right heart catheterization. Results A significant decrease in circulating EPCs （29.30 ± 9.01 vs. 45.17 ± 10.51 EPCs/x 200 field; P 〈 0.05） was found in CHF patients with SDB compared to those without SDB. Both OPG （789.83 ±89.38 vs. 551.29 ± 42.12 pg/mL; P 〈 0.05） and NT-proBNP （5946.50 ± 1434.50 vs. 3028.60 ± 811.90 ng/mL; P 〈 0.05） were also significantly elevated in SDB CHF patients who also had significantly elevated mPAP （50.2 ± 9.5 vs. 36.4 ± 4.1 mm Hg; P 〈 0.05）. EPC numbers correlated inversely with the episodes of apnea and hypopnea per hour （RDI, r = -0.45, P = 0.037） and blood level of OPG （r =-0.53, P = 0.011）. Although NT-proBNP was also increased significantly in patients with SDB, it had no correlation with either EPCs or RD1. Conclusions SDBdue to hypoxemia from decompensated CHF is associated with （1） OPG elevation, （2） EPC depletion, and （3） mPAP elevation. The inverse relationship of circulating OPG with EPCs suggests a likely mechanism for hypoxemia and OPG in the development of pulmonary vascular dysfunction via depleting EPCs, thus worsening prognosis of CHF.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of slow deep breathing relaxation exercise(SDBRE)in reducing patients’pain levels during chest tube removal(CTR)post coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)surg...Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of slow deep breathing relaxation exercise(SDBRE)in reducing patients’pain levels during chest tube removal(CTR)post coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)surgery.Methods:In 2019,fifty post-CABG patients were conveniently selected from a cardiac intensive care unit in Jordan’s major referral heart institute.The patients were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group.A total of 25 patients were assigned into the experimental group who received slow deep breathing relaxation Exercise(SDBRE)alongside the conventional care before CTR.The remaining 25 patients constituted the control group(50%)that had CTR following conventional care.The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)was used to measure the participants’pain levels during three phases:before CTR(Time 1),5-min post CTR(Time 2),and 15-min post CTR(Time 2)to compare the intervention effect between the two groups.Results:The data analysis findings for the control and intervention group of patients showed that there was a statistically significant decline in their pain level across time for both groups(H¼32.71,P<0.01;H=47.23,P<0.01)respectively.The intervention group had significantly lower pain levels than the control group at Time 2(3.50[1.20,5.30]vs.7.90[7.00,9.00],P<0.01)and Time 3(0.00[0.00,1.30]vs.3.60[2.40,4.10]P<0.01).Conclusions:Using SDBRE during CTR is an effective technique for reducing pain which can minimize the need for analgesics and their associated adverse effects.展开更多
Guided waves are generally considered as a powerful approach for crack detection in structures,which are commonly investigated using the finite element method(FEM).However,the traditional FEM has many disadvantages in...Guided waves are generally considered as a powerful approach for crack detection in structures,which are commonly investigated using the finite element method(FEM).However,the traditional FEM has many disadvantages in solving wave propagation due to the strict requirement of mesh density.To tackle this issue,this paper proposes an efficient time-domain spectral finite element method(SFEM)to analyze wave propagation in cracked structures,in which the breathing crack is modeled by definiiig the spectral gap element.Moreover,novel orthogonal polynomials and Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre quadrature rules are adopted to construct the spectral element.Meanwhile,a separable hard contact is utilized to simulate the breathing behavior.Finally,a comparison of the numerical results between the FEM and the SFEM is conducted to demonstrate the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.Based on the developed SFEM,the nonlinear features of waves and influence of the incident mode are also studied in detail,which provides a helpful guide for a physical understanding of the wave propagation behavior in structures with breathing cracks.展开更多
This study experimentally studied the dispersion of exhaled pollutant in the breathing microenvironment(BM)in a room equipped with a displacement ventilation(DV)system and indoor air stability conditions(i.e.,stable a...This study experimentally studied the dispersion of exhaled pollutant in the breathing microenvironment(BM)in a room equipped with a displacement ventilation(DV)system and indoor air stability conditions(i.e.,stable and unstable conditions).The vertical temperature differences and the carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration in the BM were measured.Results show that when DV is combined with the stable condition(DS),pollutant tends to accumulate in the BM,leading to a high pollutant concentration in this region.Whereas,when DV is combined with the unstable condition(DU),pollutant diffuses to a relatively wider area beyond the BM,thus the pollutant concentration in the BM is substantially reduced.Moreover,increasing the flow rate can reduce the pollutant concentration in the BM of the DS but yields little difference of the DU.In addition,personal exposure intensity increases with time,and the DS has a relatively higher increase rate than DU.The results suggest that indoor air stability will affect the performance of DV systems.DS will lead to a higher health risk for people when they stay in the indoor environment with pollutant sources,and DU is recommended for minimizing pollutant level in the BM in order to reduce the pollutant concentration and providing better air environments for the occupants.展开更多
Patients with interstitial lung disease commonly exhibit abnormal sleep architecture and increased sleep fragmentation on polysomnography. Fatigue is a frequent complaint, and it is likely that poor sleep quality is a...Patients with interstitial lung disease commonly exhibit abnormal sleep architecture and increased sleep fragmentation on polysomnography. Fatigue is a frequent complaint, and it is likely that poor sleep quality is a significant contributor. A number of studies have shown that sleep disordered breathing is prevalent in this population, particularly in the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis subgroup. The factors that predispose these patients to obstructive sleep apnoea are not well understood, however it is believed that reduced caudal traction on the upper airway can enhance collapsibility. Ventilatory control system instability may also be an important factor, particularly in those with increased chemo-responsiveness, and in hypoxic conditions. Transient, repetitive nocturnal oxygen desaturation is frequently observed in interstitial lung disease, both with and without associated obstructive apnoeas. There is increasing evidence that sleep-desaturation is associated with increased mortality, and may be important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in this population.展开更多
The American Heart Association considers device-guided breathing as a reasonable treatment modality in their statement on non-pharmacological options for lowering blood pressure. This review discusses all randomized c...The American Heart Association considers device-guided breathing as a reasonable treatment modality in their statement on non-pharmacological options for lowering blood pressure. This review discusses all randomized controlled trials that have investigated the effects of device-guided breathing on blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Thirteen studies were included in this review. In total, 627 patients were in-cluded, of which 365 patients were allocated to device-guided breathing. Only 6 studies used acceptable control groups: listening to music, meditative relaxa-tion exercises, or a sham-device. Two sponsored trials showed beneficial effects of device-guided breathing, both used listening to music as a control group. The remaining 4 studies, which had no employees of the manufacturer listed as co-author, observed no benefi-cial effects on blood pressure. There is only 1 study that used a sham device as a control group. All other studies were to some extend methodologically flawed. Based on the studies with an acceptable methodologi-cal quality, there is no clear evidence supporting a short-term beneficial effect on blood pressure by using device-guided breathing.展开更多
Several studies have reported the detrimental impacts of hypoxia exposure on sleep.Chinese Kunlun Station(altitude 4087 m)is located at Dome A,the highest point on the Antarctic ice sheet and one of the most extreme e...Several studies have reported the detrimental impacts of hypoxia exposure on sleep.Chinese Kunlun Station(altitude 4087 m)is located at Dome A,the highest point on the Antarctic ice sheet and one of the most extreme environments on Earth.This study investigated alteration of sleep,breathing and mood status in healthy expeditioners at Kunlun Station at Dome A.The study examined 10 male volunteers of the inland transverse party to Kunlun Station during the 31st Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,and valid data from eight volunteers were analyzed.Sleep structure,breathing pattern and mood were monitored using portable polysomnography(PSG)and profile of mood state(POMS)at two time points:(1)at Zhongshan Station(10 m)before departure to Kunlun Station;(2)on nights 12–13 of residence at Kunlun Station.Slow-wave sleep(Stage 3 non-rapid eye movement)was markedly reduced at Kunlun Station(P<0.01).Total sleep time,sleep efficiency and sleep latency showed no significant changes.Total respiratory events(P<0.05),apnea/hypopnea index(AHI)(P<0.05)and hypopnea index(P<0.01)substantially increased at Kunlun Station.The most common respiratory disorder was periodic breathing,occurring almost exclusively during non-rapid eye movement sleep.The oxygen desaturation index increased markedly(P<0.05),while nocturnal oxygen saturation dramatically fell at Kunlun Station(P<0.05).Vigor scores decreased at Kunlun Station(P<0.05).Expeditioners exhibited reduced slow wave sleep,induced periodic breathing,decreased oxygen saturation and decreased vigor at Kunlun Station.展开更多
Background:The basic exercise involved in TCC is a series of individual movements that are linked together in a continuous manner and that flow smoothly from one movement to another.Deep breathing and mental concentra...Background:The basic exercise involved in TCC is a series of individual movements that are linked together in a continuous manner and that flow smoothly from one movement to another.Deep breathing and mental concentration are also required to achieve harmony展开更多
We perform a detailed investigation of the new ＇breathing＇ pyrochlore compound LiInCr4O8 through Rh substi- tution with measurements of magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and x-ray powder diffraction. The antif...We perform a detailed investigation of the new ＇breathing＇ pyrochlore compound LiInCr4O8 through Rh substi- tution with measurements of magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and x-ray powder diffraction. The antiferro- magnetic phase of LiInCr4O8 is found to be slowly suppressed with increasing Rh, up to the critical concentration of x = 0.1 where the antiferromagnetic phase is still observed with the peak in specific heat Tp = 12.5 K, slightly lower than Tp =14.3 K for the x = 0 compound. From tile measurements of magnetization we also uncover evidence that substitution increases the amount of frustration. Comparisons are made with the LiGayIn1-yCr4O8 system as well as other frustrated pyrochlore-related materials and comparable amounts of frustration are found. The results of this work show that the engineered breathing pyrochlores present an important method to further understand the complex magnetism in frustrated systems.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12474218)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.1242022 and 1252022).
文摘Inspired by the recent discovery of breathing kagome materials Nb_(3)Cl_(8) and Nb_(3)TeCl_(7),we have explored the influence of the breathing effect on the Hubbard model of the kagome lattice.Utilizing the determinant quantum Monte Carlo method,we first investigated the average sign problem in the breathing kagome lattice,which is influenced by both the breathing strength and the interaction strength.Secondly,we calculated the electronic kinetic energy,the direct current conductivity,and the electronic density of states at the Fermi level to determine the critical interaction strength for the metal-insulator transition.Our results indicate that the breathing effect,in conjunction with the interaction strength,drives the kagome system from a metal to an insulator.Finally,we evaluated the magnetic properties and constructed a phase diagram incorporating both transport and magnetic properties.The phase diagram reveals that as the interaction strength increases,the system transitions from a paramagnetic metal to a Mott insulator.Our research provides theoretical guidance for utilizing the breathing effect to control the band gaps,conductivity,and magnetic properties of kagome materials with electronic interactions.
基金Teaching and Research Project of Anhui Urban Management Vocational College(Project No.:2024kfkc001)。
文摘This paper reports a case of cerebral stem infarction with quadriplegia and complete dependence on daily life.The course of the disease lasted more than 7 months.Frenchay's improved articulation Disorder Assessment Form has been assessed as severe articulation disorder.The patient has significantly improved his speech function and quality of life after systematic head control training,respiratory function training,articulation motor training,and articulation training.In the course of treatment,emphasis was placed on head postural control training and respiratory function training,and emphasis was placed on the strength and coordination training of articulatory organs,and the results were remarkable.After the patient was discharged from the hospital,the follow-up of basic daily life communication was not limited.
文摘Objective:Based on the breathing exercise derived from the self-efficacy theory,this study aims to construct a breathing exercise intervention program according to the conditions of patients with chronic heart failure,to improve their cardiac function,relieve dyspnea,enhance their quality of life,and further enrich the research on the efficacy of respiratory rehabilitation exercises for patients with chronic heart failure.Method:A total of 98 inpatients with chronic heart failure admitted to the hospital from April 2024 to April 2025 were selected and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group,with 49 patients in each group.The patients in the control group received conventional nursing,while the patients in the intervention group received the breathing exercise intervention program based on the self-efficacy theory in addition to the conventional nursing of the control group,with interventions conducted through guidance,psychological support,health education,and other methods.The conditions of patients in both groups before and after the intervention were observed.Results:After 1 month and 3 months of intervention,in terms of improving the degree of dyspnea in patients of both groups,the main effect of intervention and the time effect on the degree of dyspnea were statistically significant(F=13.948,P<0.001;F=38.423,P<0.001).Moreover,there was an interaction between the time factor and the intervention factor in both groups(F=113.763,P<0.001).In terms of increasing the 6-minute walking distance,the main effect and time effect in both groups were statistically significant(F=7.371,P=0.008;F=459.405,P<0.001),and there was an interaction effect between the time factor and intervention factor in both groups(F=177.180,P<0.001).After 1 month and 3 months of intervention,in terms of improving the level of exercise self-efficacy,the main effect of intervention and the time effect in both groups were statistically significant(F=6.860,P=0.01;F=25.133,P<0.001),and there was an interaction between the time factor and the intervention factor(F=159.576,P<0.05).Conclusion:Breathing exercise based on the self-efficacy theory is helpful to improve the sense of efficacy of patients with chronic heart failure,enable them to persist in breathing exercise for a long time,further alleviate their dyspnea,promote the recovery of cardiopulmonary function,and enhance their quality of life.Breathing exercise based on the self-efficacy theory can be used as a simple,home-based intervention method to provide corresponding help for patients with chronic heart failure during the rehabilitation period.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA140850,2022YFA1403601,and 2023YFC2410501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.12241402,12474059,12274203,12374113,and 12274204)。
文摘Higher-order topological insulators,which host topologically protected states at boundaries that are at least two dimensions lower than the bulk,are an emerging class of topological materials.They provide great opportunities for exploring novel topological phenomena and fascinating applications.Utilizing a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope,we construct breathing-kagome lattices with Fe adatoms on Ag(111)and investigate their electronic properties.We observe the higher-order topological boundary states in the topological phase but not in the trivial one,which is consistent with the theory.These states are found to be robust against the removal of bulk or edge adatoms.Further,we show the arbitrary positioning of these states either at corner,edge,or bulk sites by slightly modifying their neighbors.Our study not only demonstrates the formation and robustness of the electronic higher-order topological boundary states in real atomic systems but also provides a route for controlling their positions.
文摘Aim:To explore the clinical characteristics of reversible respiratory chain deficiency in infants and young children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of a newborn with recurrent respiratory distress and elevated lactate levels,and relevant literature was reviewed.The patient,male,22 days old,had difficulty breathing,no weight gain,and symptoms such as shortness of breath and cyanosis after birth,which lasted for 68 days.There was no history of birth asphyxia rescue;Treatment with antibiotics,respiratory support,diuresis,acid correction,multiple vitamins,and levocarnitine did not improve symptoms;Gradual worsening of breathing difficulties accompanied by feeding difficulties and slow weight gain;Multiple rechecks of blood gas analysis indicate an increase in lactate levels.The laboratory results showed that the child in this case had obvious clinical manifestations of MD.Genetic examination showed MT-TE gene mutation,and the mother was a carrier of MT-TE gene mutation.Conclusion:In the face of recurrent respiratory distress accompanied by elevated lactate levels in newborns,when clinical manifestations of unexplained lactate levels,feeding difficulties,poor aspiration,reduced spontaneous activity,and low muscle tone occur,the possibility of mitochondrial disease should be considered,and genetic testing should be actively improved to clarify the diagnosis.This type of disease is different from other types of mitochondrial diseases.After active and effective treatment,the prognosis is good.The key is early diagnosis,reasonable treatment,timely development of reasonable treatment plans,reduction of complications,and improvement of the final prognosis of the child.
文摘We have designed a breathing paced television;a television that plays content in sync with users’ activity of exhaling through pursed lips, to achieve better motivation and compliance of such exercises. Described system has been tested with control group who have watched the same video. Breathing rate reduction was significantly higher in active group (54.48% ± 8.34%) than in control group (6.84% ± 17.21%), however, the proposed method of watching television is obviously not as trivial as watching television per se.
文摘A micro direct methanol fuel cell （μDMFC） using MEMS technology is reported. The prototype features a unique 3D air-breathing cathode structure fabricated using KOH etching and double-side lithography. The optimization of the MEMS fabrication process is analyzed. The experimental results show the prototype generates a maximum power density of 2.52mW/cm^2 at room temperature. This performance is better than the published resuits of other silicon-based passive μDMFCs. Moreover,it is comparable with that of our previous active μDMFCs which require an external pump, certificating the feasibility of this new configuration.
文摘Aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals, while resting at the water surface or ashore, breathe with a low frequency （f） by comparison to terrestrial mammals of the same body size, the difference increasing the larger the species. Among various interpretations, it was suggested that the low-f breathing is a consequence of the end-inspiratory breath-holding pattern adopted by aquatic mammals to favour buoyancy at the water surface, and evolved to be part of the genetic makeup. If this interpretation was correct it could be expected that, differently from f, the heart rate （HR, beats/min） of aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals at rest would not need to differ from that of terrestrial mammals and that their HR-fratio would be higher than in terrestrial species. Literature data for HR （beats/min） in mammals at rest were gathered for 56 terrestrial and 27 aquatic species. In aquatic mammals the allometric curve （HR=191 .M^18; M= body mass, kg） did not differ from that of terrestrial species （HR=212.M^-0.22） and their HR-fratio （on average 32±5） was much higher than in terrestrial species （5±1） （P〈0.0001）. The comparison of these HR allometric curves to those forfpreviously published indicated that the HR-fratio was body size-independent in terrestrial species while it increased significantly with M in aquatic species. The similarity in HR and differences in f between aquatic and terrestrial mammals agree with the possibility that the lowfof aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals may have evolved for a non-respiratory function, namely the regulation of buoyancy at the water surface [Current Zoology 61（4）： 569-577, 2015].
文摘In this paper, a new analytical method for vibration analysis of a cracked simply supported beam is investigated. By considering a nonlinear model for the fatigue crack, the governing equation of motion of the cracked beam is solved using perturbation method. The solution of the governing equation reveals the superhaxmonics of the fundamental frequency due to the nonlinear effects in the dynamic response of the cracked beam. Furthermore, considering such a solution, an explicit expression is also derived for the system damping changes due to the changes in the crack parameters, geometric dimensions and mechanical properties of the cracked beam. The results show that an increase in the crack severity and approaching the crack location to the middle of the beam increase the system damping. In order to validate the results, changes in the fundamental frequency ratios against the fatigue crack severities are compared with those of experimental results available in the literature. Also, a comparison is made between the free response of the cracked beam with a given crack depth and location obtained by the proposed analytical solution and that of the numerical method. The results of the proposed method agree with the experimental and numerical results.
文摘BACKGROUND： Some research exists on the effect of non-pharmacological approaches for labor pain relief However, there is limited information about effectiveness of breathing exercises in pregnant women to reduce maternal pain during labor. OBJECTIVE： To determine whether breathing exercises for pregnant women during the second stage of labor have beneficial effects on maternal pain, duration of labor, and the first-minute Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration （APGAR） scores. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： This randomized clinical trial involved 250 pregnant women, who were randomly divided into two groups： intervention group （IG; n = 125） and control group （CG; n = 125）. IG received one session breathing exercise training and performed breathing exercises during the second stage of labor versus the CG that did not receive any breathing exercise training. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The effects of breathing exercises on maternal pain were determined by Visual Analogue Scale （VAS）, duration of the second stage of labor, and the first-minute APGAR scores. RESULTS： The mean age of the participants was （23.2 _＋ 4.2） （range： 18 to 42） years. Both IG and CG had similar baseline characteristics in terms of age, education level, occupation, and smoking （P 〉 0.05）. The mean VAS scores of IG and CG were （88.2 ＋_ 6.3） and （90.5 ＋_ 7.0）, respectively （P 〈 0.001）. The duration of the second stage of labor was （369.6 ＋ 92.0） s for IG and （440.7 ＋ 142.5） s for CG （P 〈 0.001 ）. The mean first-minute APGAR scores were （8.84 ＋ 0.50） for IG and （8.73 ＋ 0.89） for CG （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Based on this study, breathing exercises with deep inhalation and exhalation in pregnant women are effective in reducing the perception of labor pain and shortening the duration of the second stage of delivery. Therefore, we recommend breathing exercises as an effective modality for labor pain management and shortening the duration of labor. TRIAL REGISTRATION： This study is registered on the website of ClinicalTrials.gov （www.clinicaltrials.gov） with the number of NCT03066973.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51602028)the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province,China(Grant No.20160520114JH)+1 种基金the Youth Science Fund of Changchun University of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.XQNJJ-2017-04)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City,China(Grant No.13JCYBJC16400)
文摘Using the split-step Fourier transform method, we numerically investigate the generation of breathing solitons in the propagation and interactions of Airy–Gaussian（AiG） beams in a cubic–quintic nonlinear medium in one transverse dimension. We show that the propagation of single AiG beams can generate stable breathing solitons that do not accelerate within a certain initial power range. The propagation direction of these breathing solitons can be controlled by introducing a launch angle to the incident AiG beams. When two AiG beams accelerated in opposite directions interact with each other,different breathing solitons and soliton pairs are observed by adjusting the phase shift, the beam interval, the amplitudes,and the light field distribution of the initial AiG beams.
文摘Background Sleep-disordered breathing （SDB） is known to occur frequently in and may predict worsening progression of patients with congestive heart failure （CHF）. SDB is also known to play an important role in the development of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hyper- tension （PAH） via inducing endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling, a pathological process that can be significantly influenced by factors such as osteoprotegerin （OPG） and endothelial progenitor cells （EPCs）. The objective of this study is to determine if CHF with SDB is associated with changes in OPG, EPCs, and PAIl. Methods EPCs were isolated, cultured, and quantified from CHF patients with SDB （n = 52）, or without SDB （n - 68）. OPG and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） from each group was analyzed and cor- related with EPCs and the mean pulmonary artery pressure （mPAP） measured by right heart catheterization. Results A significant decrease in circulating EPCs （29.30 ± 9.01 vs. 45.17 ± 10.51 EPCs/x 200 field; P 〈 0.05） was found in CHF patients with SDB compared to those without SDB. Both OPG （789.83 ±89.38 vs. 551.29 ± 42.12 pg/mL; P 〈 0.05） and NT-proBNP （5946.50 ± 1434.50 vs. 3028.60 ± 811.90 ng/mL; P 〈 0.05） were also significantly elevated in SDB CHF patients who also had significantly elevated mPAP （50.2 ± 9.5 vs. 36.4 ± 4.1 mm Hg; P 〈 0.05）. EPC numbers correlated inversely with the episodes of apnea and hypopnea per hour （RDI, r = -0.45, P = 0.037） and blood level of OPG （r =-0.53, P = 0.011）. Although NT-proBNP was also increased significantly in patients with SDB, it had no correlation with either EPCs or RD1. Conclusions SDBdue to hypoxemia from decompensated CHF is associated with （1） OPG elevation, （2） EPC depletion, and （3） mPAP elevation. The inverse relationship of circulating OPG with EPCs suggests a likely mechanism for hypoxemia and OPG in the development of pulmonary vascular dysfunction via depleting EPCs, thus worsening prognosis of CHF.
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of slow deep breathing relaxation exercise(SDBRE)in reducing patients’pain levels during chest tube removal(CTR)post coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)surgery.Methods:In 2019,fifty post-CABG patients were conveniently selected from a cardiac intensive care unit in Jordan’s major referral heart institute.The patients were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group.A total of 25 patients were assigned into the experimental group who received slow deep breathing relaxation Exercise(SDBRE)alongside the conventional care before CTR.The remaining 25 patients constituted the control group(50%)that had CTR following conventional care.The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)was used to measure the participants’pain levels during three phases:before CTR(Time 1),5-min post CTR(Time 2),and 15-min post CTR(Time 2)to compare the intervention effect between the two groups.Results:The data analysis findings for the control and intervention group of patients showed that there was a statistically significant decline in their pain level across time for both groups(H¼32.71,P<0.01;H=47.23,P<0.01)respectively.The intervention group had significantly lower pain levels than the control group at Time 2(3.50[1.20,5.30]vs.7.90[7.00,9.00],P<0.01)and Time 3(0.00[0.00,1.30]vs.3.60[2.40,4.10]P<0.01).Conclusions:Using SDBRE during CTR is an effective technique for reducing pain which can minimize the need for analgesics and their associated adverse effects.
基金the National Natural Sclenee Foundation of China(Grant No.51704222)China Pastdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2018M633570)Fundamental Research Funds for the Cemtal Unveritiee(Grant No.3102017090004).
文摘Guided waves are generally considered as a powerful approach for crack detection in structures,which are commonly investigated using the finite element method(FEM).However,the traditional FEM has many disadvantages in solving wave propagation due to the strict requirement of mesh density.To tackle this issue,this paper proposes an efficient time-domain spectral finite element method(SFEM)to analyze wave propagation in cracked structures,in which the breathing crack is modeled by definiiig the spectral gap element.Moreover,novel orthogonal polynomials and Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre quadrature rules are adopted to construct the spectral element.Meanwhile,a separable hard contact is utilized to simulate the breathing behavior.Finally,a comparison of the numerical results between the FEM and the SFEM is conducted to demonstrate the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.Based on the developed SFEM,the nonlinear features of waves and influence of the incident mode are also studied in detail,which provides a helpful guide for a physical understanding of the wave propagation behavior in structures with breathing cracks.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51378186)the National Science&Technology Supporting Program(No.2015BAJ03B00)the China Scholarship Council for financial support at the University of Cambridge(No.201806130150)。
文摘This study experimentally studied the dispersion of exhaled pollutant in the breathing microenvironment(BM)in a room equipped with a displacement ventilation(DV)system and indoor air stability conditions(i.e.,stable and unstable conditions).The vertical temperature differences and the carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration in the BM were measured.Results show that when DV is combined with the stable condition(DS),pollutant tends to accumulate in the BM,leading to a high pollutant concentration in this region.Whereas,when DV is combined with the unstable condition(DU),pollutant diffuses to a relatively wider area beyond the BM,thus the pollutant concentration in the BM is substantially reduced.Moreover,increasing the flow rate can reduce the pollutant concentration in the BM of the DS but yields little difference of the DU.In addition,personal exposure intensity increases with time,and the DS has a relatively higher increase rate than DU.The results suggest that indoor air stability will affect the performance of DV systems.DS will lead to a higher health risk for people when they stay in the indoor environment with pollutant sources,and DU is recommended for minimizing pollutant level in the BM in order to reduce the pollutant concentration and providing better air environments for the occupants.
基金Supported by An Australian Postgraduate Award through the University of Sydney(Troy LK is supported)
文摘Patients with interstitial lung disease commonly exhibit abnormal sleep architecture and increased sleep fragmentation on polysomnography. Fatigue is a frequent complaint, and it is likely that poor sleep quality is a significant contributor. A number of studies have shown that sleep disordered breathing is prevalent in this population, particularly in the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis subgroup. The factors that predispose these patients to obstructive sleep apnoea are not well understood, however it is believed that reduced caudal traction on the upper airway can enhance collapsibility. Ventilatory control system instability may also be an important factor, particularly in those with increased chemo-responsiveness, and in hypoxic conditions. Transient, repetitive nocturnal oxygen desaturation is frequently observed in interstitial lung disease, both with and without associated obstructive apnoeas. There is increasing evidence that sleep-desaturation is associated with increased mortality, and may be important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in this population.
文摘The American Heart Association considers device-guided breathing as a reasonable treatment modality in their statement on non-pharmacological options for lowering blood pressure. This review discusses all randomized controlled trials that have investigated the effects of device-guided breathing on blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Thirteen studies were included in this review. In total, 627 patients were in-cluded, of which 365 patients were allocated to device-guided breathing. Only 6 studies used acceptable control groups: listening to music, meditative relaxa-tion exercises, or a sham-device. Two sponsored trials showed beneficial effects of device-guided breathing, both used listening to music as a control group. The remaining 4 studies, which had no employees of the manufacturer listed as co-author, observed no benefi-cial effects on blood pressure. There is only 1 study that used a sham device as a control group. All other studies were to some extend methodologically flawed. Based on the studies with an acceptable methodologi-cal quality, there is no clear evidence supporting a short-term beneficial effect on blood pressure by using device-guided breathing.
基金the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administrationthe Polar Research Institute of China,Ministry of Natural Resources(MNR)for their full support+1 种基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Science Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grant no.,2017-I2M-1-009)the fund of Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation&Assessment Programmes(Grant no.,CHINARE 02-01)。
文摘Several studies have reported the detrimental impacts of hypoxia exposure on sleep.Chinese Kunlun Station(altitude 4087 m)is located at Dome A,the highest point on the Antarctic ice sheet and one of the most extreme environments on Earth.This study investigated alteration of sleep,breathing and mood status in healthy expeditioners at Kunlun Station at Dome A.The study examined 10 male volunteers of the inland transverse party to Kunlun Station during the 31st Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,and valid data from eight volunteers were analyzed.Sleep structure,breathing pattern and mood were monitored using portable polysomnography(PSG)and profile of mood state(POMS)at two time points:(1)at Zhongshan Station(10 m)before departure to Kunlun Station;(2)on nights 12–13 of residence at Kunlun Station.Slow-wave sleep(Stage 3 non-rapid eye movement)was markedly reduced at Kunlun Station(P<0.01).Total sleep time,sleep efficiency and sleep latency showed no significant changes.Total respiratory events(P<0.05),apnea/hypopnea index(AHI)(P<0.05)and hypopnea index(P<0.01)substantially increased at Kunlun Station.The most common respiratory disorder was periodic breathing,occurring almost exclusively during non-rapid eye movement sleep.The oxygen desaturation index increased markedly(P<0.05),while nocturnal oxygen saturation dramatically fell at Kunlun Station(P<0.05).Vigor scores decreased at Kunlun Station(P<0.05).Expeditioners exhibited reduced slow wave sleep,induced periodic breathing,decreased oxygen saturation and decreased vigor at Kunlun Station.
文摘Background:The basic exercise involved in TCC is a series of individual movements that are linked together in a continuous manner and that flow smoothly from one movement to another.Deep breathing and mental concentration are also required to achieve harmony
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology under Grant No 2016YFA0300503
文摘We perform a detailed investigation of the new ＇breathing＇ pyrochlore compound LiInCr4O8 through Rh substi- tution with measurements of magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and x-ray powder diffraction. The antiferro- magnetic phase of LiInCr4O8 is found to be slowly suppressed with increasing Rh, up to the critical concentration of x = 0.1 where the antiferromagnetic phase is still observed with the peak in specific heat Tp = 12.5 K, slightly lower than Tp =14.3 K for the x = 0 compound. From tile measurements of magnetization we also uncover evidence that substitution increases the amount of frustration. Comparisons are made with the LiGayIn1-yCr4O8 system as well as other frustrated pyrochlore-related materials and comparable amounts of frustration are found. The results of this work show that the engineered breathing pyrochlores present an important method to further understand the complex magnetism in frustrated systems.
