BACKGROUND Diabetes and hypertension are metabolic disorders that are becoming more prevalent.Breastfeeding is recommended by the World Health Organization for women who have given birth and have been reported to redu...BACKGROUND Diabetes and hypertension are metabolic disorders that are becoming more prevalent.Breastfeeding is recommended by the World Health Organization for women who have given birth and have been reported to reduce the risk of chronic diseases potentially.However,there is no systematic review to explore the relationship between breastfeeding and diabetes/hypertension by consolidating all available evidence on the topic.AIM To investigate the relationship between breastfeeding and maternal diabetes and hypertension.METHODS This review included comparative studies investigating the association between breastfeeding and the risk of type 2 diabetes or hypertension in parous women.Non-English-language articles,reviews,editorials,letters,and protocols were excluded.The Medline,EMBASE,PubMed,Web of Science,and Cochrane databases were searched until May 6,2024.Risk of bias in non-randomized studies-of exposure was used to assess bias in all the included studies.A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the risk of two chronic lactation-related diseases.RESULTS Eighteen studies were included.Five studies discussed hypertension,12 discussed diabetes,and one discussed both.According to a meta-analysis,lactation significantly reduced the risk of postpartum diabetes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus[hazard ratio=0.64(95%CI:0.47-0.89)].In addition,the meta-analysis produced significant results for postpartum diabetes and hypertension in non-gestational diabetes women,both favoring breastfeeding.However,the risk of bias in most included studies was low or unclear.CONCLUSION Breastfeeding has consistently been shown to be associated with a lower incidence of maternal hypertension and diabetes later in life,even among mothers who experienced gestational diabetes during pregnancy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Premature infant formula is based on milk and contains energy,vitamins,etc.Breast milk is rich in minerals,such as phosphorus and calcium,and proteins.Both can be used for nutritional support in preterm inf...BACKGROUND Premature infant formula is based on milk and contains energy,vitamins,etc.Breast milk is rich in minerals,such as phosphorus and calcium,and proteins.Both can be used for nutritional support in preterm infants with low-birth-weight.However,their effects on the difference in infant growth rate and postpartum depression are still unclear.AIM To explore the effect of early micro-breastfeeding on the growth rate of preterm infants with low-birth-weight and maternal postpartum depression.METHODS Data of 68 preterm infants with low-birth-weight and their mothers admitted to the Department of Neonatology,Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University,between January 2022 and December 2024,were retrospectively collected.The infants were divided into two groups according to the different enteral feeding methods in the early stage:Control group(n=32 cases,premature infant formula feeding)and observation group(n=36 cases,micro-breastfeeding,i.e.,exclusive breastfeeding,no mixed feeding).The baseline data;feeding status;gastrointestinal adverse reactions such as vomiting,gastric retention,and abdominal distension;growth rate(body weight,body length,and head circumference);and adverse events(infection,cholestasis,hyperbilirubinemia,and necrotizing enterocolitis)were compared between the two groups.Moreover,the maternal postpartum depression status of the two groups based of infants based on the Edinburgh postpartum depression scale(EPDS)was compared.RESULTS No significant difference in baseline data was found between the two groups(P>0.05).The onset time of weight gain(6.49±0.53 days vs 7.09±0.61 days,P<0.001),time for complete meconium excretion(6.28±0.92 days vs 8.31±1.17 days,P<0.001),time for recovery to birth weight(8.81±1.40 days vs 10.95±1.64 days,P<0.001),and time to reach full enteral feeding(12.29±2.08 days vs 15.48±2.27 days,P<0.001)were compared between the observation and control groups.The incidence of vomiting,abdominal distension,and gastric retention was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The rates of the weight growth(15.88±1.57 g/day vs 14.84±1.51 g/day,P=0.007),head circumference(0.63±0.08 cm/week vs 0.59±0.05 cm/week,P=0.018),and length(0.80±0.12 cm/week vs 0.73±0.14 cm/week,P=0.029)were compared between the observation and control groups.On hospital admission of preterm infants with low-birthweight,the mothers of the two groups did not show a significant difference in the EPDS scores for postpartum depression(P>0.05).Preterm infants with low-birth-weight were hospitalized for 2 weeks,and the EPDS score for maternal postpartum depression was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(8.38±1.47 vs 9.49±2.35,P=0.021).CONCLUSION Compared with preterm infant formula feeding,early micro-breastfeeding can more effectively promote the growth rate of preterm infants with low-birth-weight and reduce the gastrointestinal feeding intolerance and related complications,thereby alleviating mothers’concerns about their children and reducing the risk of postpartum depression.展开更多
BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides(HMOs)are bioactive components of breast milk with diverse health benefits,including shaping the gut microbiota,modulating the immune system,and protecting against infections.HMOs...BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides(HMOs)are bioactive components of breast milk with diverse health benefits,including shaping the gut microbiota,modulating the immune system,and protecting against infections.HMOs exhibit dynamic secretion patterns during lactation,influenced by maternal genetics and environ-mental factors.Their direct and indirect antimicrobial properties have garnered significant research interest.However,a comprehensive understanding of the secretion dynamics of HMOs and their correlation with antimicrobial efficacy remains underexplored.AIM To synthesize current evidence on the secretion dynamics of HMOs during lactation and evaluate their antimicrobial roles against bacterial,viral,and protozoal pathogens.METHODS A systematic search of PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Cochrane Library focused on studies investigating natural and synthetic HMOs,their secretion dynamics,and antimicrobial properties.Studies involving human,animal,and in vitro models were included.Data on HMO composition,temporal secretion patterns,and mechanisms of antimicrobial action were extracted.Quality assess-ment was performed using validated tools appropriate for study design.RESULTS A total of 44 studies were included,encompassing human,animal,and in vitro research.HMOs exhibited dynamic secretion patterns,with 2′-fucosyllactose(2′-FL)and lacto-N-tetraose peaking in early lactation and declining over time,while 3-fucosyllactose(3-FL)increased during later stages.HMOs demonstrated significant antimicrobial properties through pathogen adhesion inhibition,biofilm disruption,and enzymatic activity impairment.Synthetic HMOs,including bioengineered 2′-FL and 3-FL,were structurally and functionally comparable to natural HMOs,effectively inhibiting pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,and Campylobacter jejuni.Additionally,HMOs exhibited synergistic effects with antibiotics,enhancing their efficacy against resistant pathogens.CONCLUSION HMOs are vital in antimicrobial defense,supporting infant health by targeting various pathogens.Both natural and synthetic HMOs hold significant potential for therapeutic applications,particularly in infant nutrition and as adjuncts to antibiotics.Further research,including clinical trials,is essential to address gaps in knowledge,validate findings,and explore the broader applicability of HMOs in improving maternal and neonatal health.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the nursing effect of psychological resilience support combined with midwife-integrated full-course care on primiparous women.Methods:A total of 66 primiparous women who were admitted to the hospi...Objective:To analyze the nursing effect of psychological resilience support combined with midwife-integrated full-course care on primiparous women.Methods:A total of 66 primiparous women who were admitted to the hospital for delivery from April 2022 to April 2024 were selected,all of whom underwent vaginal delivery.They were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table.The combined group received integrated full-course care from midwives under the premise of psychological resilience support,while the conventional group only received routine care.The nursing effects were compared between the two groups.Results:The breastfeeding rate of the combined group was higher than that of the conventional group at different time points after delivery,the postpartum complication rate was lower than that of the conventional group,the psychological resilience scores were higher than those of the conventional group at different stages of labor,and the nursing satisfaction was higher than that of the conventional group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Under the premise of psychological resilience support,integrated full-course care implemented by midwives can improve the breastfeeding rate,actively prevent postpartum complications,significantly improve psychological resilience,and achieve better nursing satisfaction.展开更多
Breastfeeding practices are influenced by multifactorial determinants including individual characteristics,external support systems,and media influences.This commentary emphasizes such complex factors influencing brea...Breastfeeding practices are influenced by multifactorial determinants including individual characteristics,external support systems,and media influences.This commentary emphasizes such complex factors influencing breastfeeding practices.Potential methodological limitations and the need for diverse sampling in studying breastfeeding practices are highlighted.Further research must explore the interplay between social influences,cultural norms,government policies,and individual factors in shaping maternal breastfeeding decisions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Maintenance rates of exclusive breastfeeding(EBF)worldwide are low,thus,one of the objectives of the summary of policies on breastfeeding(BF)in world nutrition goals for 2025 are that at least 50%of infants...BACKGROUND Maintenance rates of exclusive breastfeeding(EBF)worldwide are low,thus,one of the objectives of the summary of policies on breastfeeding(BF)in world nutrition goals for 2025 are that at least 50%of infants under six months of age receive EBF that year.The Objective of this study is to document the rates of EBF in children born in San Ignacio University Hospital(HUSI)and identify factors associated with maintenance.AIM To document the percentages of EBF in those that were born at HUSI and identify factors associated to their maintenance.METHODS This is a study of cases and controls in an analytic,retrospective cohort that took children born alive between January 2016 and January 2019 at HUSI located in the city of Bogotá,Colombia.RESULTS Receiving information about BF at HUSI was able to maintain EBF up until 4 mo(OR=1.65;95%CI:1.02-2.66).The presence of gynecologic and obstetric comorbidities(OR=0.32;95%CI:0.12-0.83),having mastitis(OR=0.56;95%CI:0.33-0.94),and receiving information from mass media(OR=0.52;95%CI:0.31-0.84)are factors associated with not maintaining EBF.CONCLUSION Receiving education at a Women-and Child-Friendly Institution was the only significant factor to achieve EBF until 4 mo,with a frequency greater than the one reported in the country,which matches multiple studies where counseling and individualized support on BF achieve this purpose.Knowledge about BF and early detection of obstetric/gynecologic complications must be strengthened among the healthcare staff in charge of mothers during post-partum.Additionally,strategies must be promoted to continue BF such as creating milk banks with the objective of increasing BF rates even when mothers return to work.展开更多
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding not only meets the nutritional needs of newborn growth and development but also promotes uterine contraction and discharge of lochia,which helps in maternal recovery.However,some mothers exper...BACKGROUND Breastfeeding not only meets the nutritional needs of newborn growth and development but also promotes uterine contraction and discharge of lochia,which helps in maternal recovery.However,some mothers experience abnormal lactation and breast swelling due to a lack of breastfeeding knowledge,painful cesarean incisions,anesthesia,negative emotions,and other factors,resulting in a reduced breastfeeding rate,which adversely affects neonatal and maternal health.AIM To explore the effects of care intervention with a health education form for breastfeeding on breastfeeding-related conditions.METHODS In this study,207 mothers with postpartum breast pain and difficulty lactating were selected and divided into intervention and control groups using a random number table.Both groups of mothers were provided with basic nursing and related treatment measures after delivery.The intervention group additionally received care intervention with a health education form for breastfeeding.The scores of lactation volume,breast distension and pain,breastfeeding rate,breastfeeding self-efficacy,treatment effect,and complication rate of the two groups were compared.RESULTS After treatment,the breast pain score of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group,while the lactation score,score of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form scale,parent-child communication score,maternal-infant interaction score,total score of maternal-infant communication,and breastfeeding rate of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group.After intervention,the overall therapeutic effect of the intervention group was better than that of the control group,and the complication rate of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group.CONCLUSION Breastfeeding health education and nursing intervention combined with basic clinical treatment have good clinical effects in managing postpartum breast distension and pain and increasing lactation yield.展开更多
Introduction: Neonatal mortality remains a major concern in West Africa, and exclusive breastfeeding is recognized as a crucial intervention to promote newborn survival. This study aims to identify the factors influen...Introduction: Neonatal mortality remains a major concern in West Africa, and exclusive breastfeeding is recognized as a crucial intervention to promote newborn survival. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers, as well as the perceptions of fathers, in the Boulmiougou health district. Method: This cross-sectional mixed study was conducted between May and July 2022, involving 471 mothers and 103 fathers of children under one year of age. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. Results: The practice of exclusive breastfeeding was observed in 44.6% of mothers surveyed. Logistic regression analysis revealed that mothers older than 26 years have a significantly higher chance of exclusive breastfeeding [adjusted OR = 1.7;95% CI: (1.098 - 2.685);p = 0.019] compared to mothers under 26 years of age. Similarly, mothers with at least three antenatal visits were 2.715 times more likely to perform exclusive breastfeeding than those with less than three antenatal visits [adjusted OR = 2.715, 95% CI: (1.184 - 6.225);p = 0.018]. The vast majority of fathers (76.7%) were informed about exclusive breastfeeding, and 59.5% had a correct definition. The analysis of the father’s perception highlighted a stronger focus on traditional practices in 90.3% of cases than on medical recommendations. Conclusion: In light of these results, it is essential to increase sessions to raise awareness and involve men throughout pregnancy, childbirth and early childhood monitoring about the many benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.展开更多
BACKGROUND A progressive decrease in exclusive breastfeeding(BF)is observed in Latin America and the Caribbean compared with global results.The possibility of being breastfed and continuing BF for>6 months is lower...BACKGROUND A progressive decrease in exclusive breastfeeding(BF)is observed in Latin America and the Caribbean compared with global results.The possibility of being breastfed and continuing BF for>6 months is lower in low birth weight than in healthy-weight infants.AIM To identify factors associated with BF maintenance and promotion,with particular attention to low-and middle-income countries,by studying geographic,socioeconomic,and individual or neonatal health factors.METHODS A scoping review was conducted in 2018 using the conceptual model of social determinants of health published by the Commission on Equity and Health Inequalities in the United States.The extracted data with common characteristics were synthesized and categorized into two main themes:(1)Sociodemographic factors and proximal determinants involved in the initiation and maintenance of BF in low-birth-weight term infants in Latin America;and(2)individual characteristics related to the self-efficacy capacity for BF maintenance and adherence in low-birth-weight term infants.RESULTS This study identified maternal age,educational level,maternal economic capacity,social stratum,exposure to BF substitutes,access to BF information,and quality of health services as mediators for maintaining BF.CONCLUSION Individual self-efficacy factors that enable BF adherence in at-risk populations should be analyzed for better health outcomes.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the effect of using quality nursing care for primigravid women undergoing cesarean delivery.Methods:A total of 80 cases of primigravid women undergoing cesarean section from June 2022 to June 2023...Objective:To analyze the effect of using quality nursing care for primigravid women undergoing cesarean delivery.Methods:A total of 80 cases of primigravid women undergoing cesarean section from June 2022 to June 2023 were randomly selected.They were divided into two groups:Group A(40 cases)received routine care and Group B(40 cases)received quality care.The division was done using a computerized randomization method.The effects of the nursing care received in the two groups were compared.Conclusion:Quality nursing care for primigravid women undergoing cesarean section can enhance breastfeeding rates,alleviate maternal anxiety,improve feeding practices,and enhance breastfeeding self-efficacy.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3–5 years and breastfeeding status and duration.Methods The study was conducted using data from the National Nutriti...Objective This study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3–5 years and breastfeeding status and duration.Methods The study was conducted using data from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0–17 years of age in China(CNHSC),a nationwide cross-sectional study.Breastfeeding information and potential confounders were collected using standardized questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews.The body composition of preschool children was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between breastfeeding duration and body composition after adjusting for potential confounders.Results In total,2,008 participants were included in the study.Of these,89.2%were ever breastfed and the median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months(IQR 7–15 months).Among children aged 3 years,the height-for-age Z-score(HAZ)for the ever breastfed group was lower than that for never breastfed group(0.12 vs.0.42,P=0.043).In addition,the weight-for-age Z-score(WAZ)of the ever breastfed group was lower than that of the never breastfed group(0.31 vs.0.65,P=0.026),and the WAZ was lower in children aged 4 years who breastfed between 12 and 23 months than in those who never breastfed.Compared to the formula-fed children,the fat-free mass of breastfed infants was higher for children aged 3 years(12.84 kg vs.12.52 kg,P=0.015)and lower for those aged 4 years(14.31 kg vs.14.64 kg,P=0.048),but no difference was detected for children aged 5 years(16.40 kg vs.16.42 kg,P=0.910)after adjusting for potential confounders.No significant difference was detected in the weight-for-height Z-score(WHZ),body mass index(BMI)-for-age Z-score(BAZ),fat-free mass index,and body fat indicators in the ever breastfed and never breastfed groups and among various breastfeeding duration groups for children aged 3–5 years.Conclusion No obvious associations were detected between breastfeeding duration,BMI,and fat mass indicators.Future prospective studies should explore the relationship between breastfeeding status and fat-free mass.展开更多
Objective:The present study aims to evaluate aims to assess the knowledge,attitude,and practice of primiparous mothers in the immediate postpartum period regarding breastfeeding techniques which will be helpful in for...Objective:The present study aims to evaluate aims to assess the knowledge,attitude,and practice of primiparous mothers in the immediate postpartum period regarding breastfeeding techniques which will be helpful in forming awareness and training programs.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional survey was used.A total of 120 primiparous mothers with a mean age of 24.92 years participated in the survey and filled the questionnaire related to the knowledge,attitude,and practice of techniques of breastfeeding.Results:Results revealed that 48.3%of new mothers were not aware of the correct techniques to initiate breastfeeding,whereas 68.3%of subjects reported that during latching,the baby’s upper and lower lip should be everted.The majority of new mothers were aware of breastfeeding techniques with some misconceptions as in our culture,most of the breastfeeding information passed from generation to generation.Conclusion:The level of awareness about feeding skills among primiparous mothers can be further improved by antenatal counseling or training from health-care workers during the gestational period.This will further help new mothers to educate and will provide adequate information which will decrease the myths.展开更多
Preterm and low birth weight infants are at higher risk of neurodevelopmental outcomes;breastfeeding offers sev-eral beneficial aspects for them.This study aimed to describe the average neurodevelopmental outcomes of p...Preterm and low birth weight infants are at higher risk of neurodevelopmental outcomes;breastfeeding offers sev-eral beneficial aspects for them.This study aimed to describe the average neurodevelopmental outcomes of pre-term infants and examine the associations between neurodevelopment and breastfeeding among Hungarian preterm infants at 12 months of corrected age.154 preterm infants with low birth weight(<2500 g)and their mothers were participated in this study.Bayley-III Screening Test(Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Develop-ment Screening Test,Third Edition)was administered to measure the cognitive,language and motor skills of infants;breastfeeding data was obtained through parental anamnesis.To analyze data,independent sample t-test or the Welch t-test,Mann-Whitney tests,Chi-square tests of independence and Spearman’s rank correlation test were used to.Concerning the risk of developmental delay,Receptive and Expressive language and Fine motor subscales were the lowest.Examination of the associations between breastfeeding and neurodevelopmental per-formance identified significantly higher cognitive(U=2047.5;P=0.023)andfine motor(U=2096.0;P=0.037)skills in infants who were breastfed.We found significant positive correlations between the duration of breastfeeding and cognitive,expressive language andfine motor skills.The study draws the attention to the importance of breastfeeding and early screening.Further research is required to examine the casual relationship between neurodevelopmental outcomes and breastfeeding.展开更多
<em>Kaba</em> is considered to be a kind of traditional apparel worn by the women in Ghana. Though, it’s worn to accentuate female modesty, chastity and elegance among the women folks. The modern day woma...<em>Kaba</em> is considered to be a kind of traditional apparel worn by the women in Ghana. Though, it’s worn to accentuate female modesty, chastity and elegance among the women folks. The modern day woman faces a lot of physical and emotional challenges when it comes to breastfeeding. There is a need to redesign and improve upon the <em>kaba</em> apparel for breastfeeding purposes. This study, therefore, sought to redesign functional <em>kaba</em> apparel for breastfeeding mothers. Based on the apparel design framework of Lamb and Kallal, design requirements were identified from breastfeeding mothers and incorporated into the designed apparel. Five prototype designs were made and tested by three selected mothers towards effective breastfeeding. Findings revealed that the prototype apparels made of fasteners and openings in the horizontal, diagonal and vertical directions with zippers and buttons were said to be suitable, comfortable to use and hence acceptable for implementation. This added functional part of the apparel boosted the comfort and confidence of the mother without compromising on their expressive values.展开更多
Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is among the most important causes of chronic HBV infection and is the commonest mode of transmission worldwide. Currently, the presence of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV ...Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is among the most important causes of chronic HBV infection and is the commonest mode of transmission worldwide. Currently, the presence of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA in breast milk is confirmed. Several studies have reported that breastfeeding carries no additional risk that might lead to vertical transmission. Beyond some limitations, the surveys have not demonstrated any differences in HBV transmission rate regarding feeding practices in early childhood. Promotion of breastfeeding is substantial, especially for low-income individuals and regions with uncertain, unfeasible, and unsafe water supplies. Lactoferrin, minimal inflammation or activation within the infant gut during exclusive breastfeeding, and nonspecific biological molecules in the milk are identified as major factors of breast-milk defense. This review discusses preemptive antiviral therapy during pregnancy and lactation. Long-term follow up of breast-milk HBV concentrations and correlation with serum viral load; nucleos(t)ide analogue concentrations in breast milk in HBV-positive mothers in the setting of chronic HBV infection; safety of antiviral therapy during pregnancy and lactation; and the difference in viral load in the milk in exclusive or non-exclusive breastfeeding are still open questions. The paper reviews the current data and outlines the course of further investigation into this often underestimated issue.展开更多
Objectives:To explore the factors affecting breastfeeding behaviors in women after cesarean section.Methods:This is a qualitative study that used a phenomenological approach.This study used individual face-to-face int...Objectives:To explore the factors affecting breastfeeding behaviors in women after cesarean section.Methods:This is a qualitative study that used a phenomenological approach.This study used individual face-to-face interviews with 19 women who underwent a cesarean section in a Women and Children’s Hospital in China between July to September 2019.Information saturationwas used to determine sample size.Data were analyzed using a thematic content analysis method.Themes were developed based on the theory of planned behavior.Results:Thirteen(68.42%)had a planned cesarean section,and six(31.58%)cesarean sections were unplanned or emergent.Three major themes emerged:ambivalent attitude about breastfeeding,motivation to comply with the traditional cultural norms,and barriers and challenges.The motivating factors for breastfeeding after cesarean sections included perceived benefits of human milk,support from healthcare professionals,and responsibility for breastfeeding.The challenges for breastfeeding after cesarean sections included physical discomfort,knowledge and skills deficit of breastfeeding,lactation deficiency,and lack of knowledge and coping skills in managing their depressive mood after cesarean sections.There were a couple of neutral factors,such as the influences of family and peers.These factors could influence women either positively as facilitators or negatively as barriers.Conclusions:The findings can offer valuable information for healthcare professionals to help women breastfeed after cesarean sections.To promote women’s breastfeeding behaviors after cesarean sections,it is necessary to change women’s attitudes,belief systems,and the external environments and help them become more confident.展开更多
Objectives:To examine the efficacy of an intervention based on the theory of planned behavior(TPB)in improving breastfeeding behavior among women with cesarean sections(C-sections).Methods:This research was a randomiz...Objectives:To examine the efficacy of an intervention based on the theory of planned behavior(TPB)in improving breastfeeding behavior among women with cesarean sections(C-sections).Methods:This research was a randomized controlled trial.Women with planned elective C-sections were recruited to participate in a randomized controlled trial between June and September 2020.One hundred thirty-two women were divided randomly into the intervention(n=66)and control group(n=66)by systematic random sampling.In the intervention group,an intervention project was implemented after Keywords:Breastfeeding Cesarean section Intervention studies Theory of planned behavior the C-section to establish positive breastfeeding attitudes,cultivate supportive subjective norms,enhance perceived behavioral control,and strengthen breastfeeding intention to change behaviors.Those in the control group received routine pre-and post-delivery care.Exclusive breastfeeding rate and breast problem were collected at 5 days,2 weeks,and 1 month after C-section.The modified Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool(BAPT)on the first day in the hospital,two weeks,and one month after C-section and Numerical Rating Scale(NRS)24 h postoperatively were used to compare the intervention effect between the two groups.Results:After the intervention,the intervention group had significantly higher exclusive breastfeeding rates than the control group at five days(86.4%vs.60.6%),two weeks(77.3%vs.57.6%),and one month(74.2%vs.50.0%)after the C-section.Besides,the intervention group was less likely to have sore nipples at five days(6.1%vs.18.2%in the control group,P<0.05)and two weeks(9.1%vs.12.1%in the control group,P<0.05).After two weeks of intervention,attitude scores(90.64±8.31 vs.87.20±8.15,P<0.05),subjective norm scores(88.07±24.65 vs.79.42±19.47,P<0.05)and behavior control scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group.After one month of intervention,attitude scores(90.34±10.35 vs.84.22±10.51,P<0.05)and behavior control scores(43.13±5.02 vs.39.15±4.69,P<0.05)in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group,which resulted in the higher breastfeeding intention in the intervention group.Conclusion:This study indicated that the TPB-based interventions effectively improved women's breastfeeding behaviors after C-sections.展开更多
AIM: To examine the possible ameliorative effect of breastfeeding and the uptake of human colostrum against coeliac disease in autistic rats. METHODS: Female rats were fed a standard diet and received a single intrape...AIM: To examine the possible ameliorative effect of breastfeeding and the uptake of human colostrum against coeliac disease in autistic rats. METHODS: Female rats were fed a standard diet and received a single intraperitoneal injection of 600 mg/kg sodium valproate on day 12.5 after conception. In study 1, neonatal rats were randomly subjected to blood tests to investigate autism. In study 2, the 1st group was fed by the mother after an injection of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and administration of gliadin. The pups in the 2nd group were prevented from accessing maternal milk, injected IFN-γ, administered gliadin, and hand-fed human colostrum. The normal littermates fed by the table mothers were injected with physiological saline and served as normal controls in this study.RESULTS: The protein concentration was higher in group 2 than in group 1 in the duodenum (161.6 ± 9 and 135.4 ± 7 mg/g of tissue, respectively, P < 0.01). A significant increase (P < 0.001) in body weight was detected in human colostrum-treated pups on post natal day (PND) 7 and 21 vs suckling pups in group 1. A delay in eye opening was noticed in the treated rats in group 1 on PND 13 compared with the control group and group 2. Administration of a single intraperitoneal injection of 600 mg/kg sodium valproate on day 12.5 after conception resulted in significantly reduced calcium and vitamin D levels in study 1 compared with the control groups (P < 0.001). However, human colostrum uptake inhibited increases in the level of transglutaminase antibody in autistic pups with coeliac disease. CONCLUSION: The effects of early-life nutrition and human colostrum on the functional maturation of the duodenal villi in autistic rats with coeliac disease that might limit or prevent the coeliac risk with autism.展开更多
AIM:To investigate factors associated with breastfeeding duration(BD) in a sample of mothers living in Greece.METHODS:Four hundred and twenty-eight mothers(438 infants) were initially recruited in a tertiary Universit...AIM:To investigate factors associated with breastfeeding duration(BD) in a sample of mothers living in Greece.METHODS:Four hundred and twenty-eight mothers(438 infants) were initially recruited in a tertiary University Hospital.Monthly telephone interviews(1665in total) using a structured questionnaire(one for each infant) were conducted until the sixth postpartum month.Cox regression analysis was used to assess factors influencing any BD.RESULTS:Any breastfeeding rates in the first,third,and sixth month of the infant's life reached 87.5%,57.0%and 38.75%,respectively.In the multivariate analysis,maternal smoking in the lactation period[hazard-ratio(HR) = 4.20]and psychological status(HR = 1.72),and the introduction of a pacifier(HR =2.08),were inversely associated,while higher maternal education(HR_(university/college vs primary/high school) = 0.53,HR_(master's vs primary/high school) = 0.20),and being an immigrant(HR = 0.35) were positively associated with BD.CONCLUSION:Public health interventions should focus on campaigns against smoking during lactation,target women of lower educational status,and endorse the delayed introduction of pacifiers.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To summarize and critically evaluate the evidence pertaining to the effectiveness and safety of auriculotherapy for breastfeeding.METHODS:We performed a systematic search of10 databases from their inception ...OBJECTIVE:To summarize and critically evaluate the evidence pertaining to the effectiveness and safety of auriculotherapy for breastfeeding.METHODS:We performed a systematic search of10 databases from their inception dates to May 15,2017.Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness and safety of auriculotherapy for breastfeeding were included.Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.RESULTS:This review included 31 randomized controlled trials with 5389 participants.Owing to the obvious clinical or statistical heterogeneity,a Meta-analysis was not conducted.Twenty-nine studies compared auriculotherapy plus routine care with routine care alone.No consistent adjunctive effect of auriculotherapy was observed in increasing the volume of milk production(9 studies showed significant results in favor of auriculotherapy and 5 did not)and serum prolactin level(7 studies showed significant results in favor of auriculotherapy and 2 did not),and in facilitating the initiation of milk secretion(10 studies showed significant results in favor of auriculotherapy and 7 did not).Two studies compared auriculotherapy with no treatment.Auriculotherapy as a monotherapy showed significant effects in increasing serum prolactin level and facilitating the onset of milk secretion;however,it was limited and inconclusive because only two studies were included in this comparison.The subgroup analysis of women who underwent cesarean delivery showed inconsistent results with respect to all outcomes.No serious adverse events were reported with the use of auriculotherapy.The methodological quality of the included studies was generally poor.CONCLUSION:Although some studies showed positive results,no definite conclusion about the effectiveness and safety of auriculotherapy for breastfeeding could be drawn,owing to the low methodological quality of the included studies and the heterogeneity among trials.Large-scale,well-designed studies are warranted on this topic.展开更多
基金Supported by the 2023 Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Project,No.2023A03J0873.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetes and hypertension are metabolic disorders that are becoming more prevalent.Breastfeeding is recommended by the World Health Organization for women who have given birth and have been reported to reduce the risk of chronic diseases potentially.However,there is no systematic review to explore the relationship between breastfeeding and diabetes/hypertension by consolidating all available evidence on the topic.AIM To investigate the relationship between breastfeeding and maternal diabetes and hypertension.METHODS This review included comparative studies investigating the association between breastfeeding and the risk of type 2 diabetes or hypertension in parous women.Non-English-language articles,reviews,editorials,letters,and protocols were excluded.The Medline,EMBASE,PubMed,Web of Science,and Cochrane databases were searched until May 6,2024.Risk of bias in non-randomized studies-of exposure was used to assess bias in all the included studies.A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the risk of two chronic lactation-related diseases.RESULTS Eighteen studies were included.Five studies discussed hypertension,12 discussed diabetes,and one discussed both.According to a meta-analysis,lactation significantly reduced the risk of postpartum diabetes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus[hazard ratio=0.64(95%CI:0.47-0.89)].In addition,the meta-analysis produced significant results for postpartum diabetes and hypertension in non-gestational diabetes women,both favoring breastfeeding.However,the risk of bias in most included studies was low or unclear.CONCLUSION Breastfeeding has consistently been shown to be associated with a lower incidence of maternal hypertension and diabetes later in life,even among mothers who experienced gestational diabetes during pregnancy.
文摘BACKGROUND Premature infant formula is based on milk and contains energy,vitamins,etc.Breast milk is rich in minerals,such as phosphorus and calcium,and proteins.Both can be used for nutritional support in preterm infants with low-birth-weight.However,their effects on the difference in infant growth rate and postpartum depression are still unclear.AIM To explore the effect of early micro-breastfeeding on the growth rate of preterm infants with low-birth-weight and maternal postpartum depression.METHODS Data of 68 preterm infants with low-birth-weight and their mothers admitted to the Department of Neonatology,Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University,between January 2022 and December 2024,were retrospectively collected.The infants were divided into two groups according to the different enteral feeding methods in the early stage:Control group(n=32 cases,premature infant formula feeding)and observation group(n=36 cases,micro-breastfeeding,i.e.,exclusive breastfeeding,no mixed feeding).The baseline data;feeding status;gastrointestinal adverse reactions such as vomiting,gastric retention,and abdominal distension;growth rate(body weight,body length,and head circumference);and adverse events(infection,cholestasis,hyperbilirubinemia,and necrotizing enterocolitis)were compared between the two groups.Moreover,the maternal postpartum depression status of the two groups based of infants based on the Edinburgh postpartum depression scale(EPDS)was compared.RESULTS No significant difference in baseline data was found between the two groups(P>0.05).The onset time of weight gain(6.49±0.53 days vs 7.09±0.61 days,P<0.001),time for complete meconium excretion(6.28±0.92 days vs 8.31±1.17 days,P<0.001),time for recovery to birth weight(8.81±1.40 days vs 10.95±1.64 days,P<0.001),and time to reach full enteral feeding(12.29±2.08 days vs 15.48±2.27 days,P<0.001)were compared between the observation and control groups.The incidence of vomiting,abdominal distension,and gastric retention was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The rates of the weight growth(15.88±1.57 g/day vs 14.84±1.51 g/day,P=0.007),head circumference(0.63±0.08 cm/week vs 0.59±0.05 cm/week,P=0.018),and length(0.80±0.12 cm/week vs 0.73±0.14 cm/week,P=0.029)were compared between the observation and control groups.On hospital admission of preterm infants with low-birthweight,the mothers of the two groups did not show a significant difference in the EPDS scores for postpartum depression(P>0.05).Preterm infants with low-birth-weight were hospitalized for 2 weeks,and the EPDS score for maternal postpartum depression was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(8.38±1.47 vs 9.49±2.35,P=0.021).CONCLUSION Compared with preterm infant formula feeding,early micro-breastfeeding can more effectively promote the growth rate of preterm infants with low-birth-weight and reduce the gastrointestinal feeding intolerance and related complications,thereby alleviating mothers’concerns about their children and reducing the risk of postpartum depression.
文摘BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides(HMOs)are bioactive components of breast milk with diverse health benefits,including shaping the gut microbiota,modulating the immune system,and protecting against infections.HMOs exhibit dynamic secretion patterns during lactation,influenced by maternal genetics and environ-mental factors.Their direct and indirect antimicrobial properties have garnered significant research interest.However,a comprehensive understanding of the secretion dynamics of HMOs and their correlation with antimicrobial efficacy remains underexplored.AIM To synthesize current evidence on the secretion dynamics of HMOs during lactation and evaluate their antimicrobial roles against bacterial,viral,and protozoal pathogens.METHODS A systematic search of PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Cochrane Library focused on studies investigating natural and synthetic HMOs,their secretion dynamics,and antimicrobial properties.Studies involving human,animal,and in vitro models were included.Data on HMO composition,temporal secretion patterns,and mechanisms of antimicrobial action were extracted.Quality assess-ment was performed using validated tools appropriate for study design.RESULTS A total of 44 studies were included,encompassing human,animal,and in vitro research.HMOs exhibited dynamic secretion patterns,with 2′-fucosyllactose(2′-FL)and lacto-N-tetraose peaking in early lactation and declining over time,while 3-fucosyllactose(3-FL)increased during later stages.HMOs demonstrated significant antimicrobial properties through pathogen adhesion inhibition,biofilm disruption,and enzymatic activity impairment.Synthetic HMOs,including bioengineered 2′-FL and 3-FL,were structurally and functionally comparable to natural HMOs,effectively inhibiting pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,and Campylobacter jejuni.Additionally,HMOs exhibited synergistic effects with antibiotics,enhancing their efficacy against resistant pathogens.CONCLUSION HMOs are vital in antimicrobial defense,supporting infant health by targeting various pathogens.Both natural and synthetic HMOs hold significant potential for therapeutic applications,particularly in infant nutrition and as adjuncts to antibiotics.Further research,including clinical trials,is essential to address gaps in knowledge,validate findings,and explore the broader applicability of HMOs in improving maternal and neonatal health.
文摘Objective:To analyze the nursing effect of psychological resilience support combined with midwife-integrated full-course care on primiparous women.Methods:A total of 66 primiparous women who were admitted to the hospital for delivery from April 2022 to April 2024 were selected,all of whom underwent vaginal delivery.They were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table.The combined group received integrated full-course care from midwives under the premise of psychological resilience support,while the conventional group only received routine care.The nursing effects were compared between the two groups.Results:The breastfeeding rate of the combined group was higher than that of the conventional group at different time points after delivery,the postpartum complication rate was lower than that of the conventional group,the psychological resilience scores were higher than those of the conventional group at different stages of labor,and the nursing satisfaction was higher than that of the conventional group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Under the premise of psychological resilience support,integrated full-course care implemented by midwives can improve the breastfeeding rate,actively prevent postpartum complications,significantly improve psychological resilience,and achieve better nursing satisfaction.
文摘Breastfeeding practices are influenced by multifactorial determinants including individual characteristics,external support systems,and media influences.This commentary emphasizes such complex factors influencing breastfeeding practices.Potential methodological limitations and the need for diverse sampling in studying breastfeeding practices are highlighted.Further research must explore the interplay between social influences,cultural norms,government policies,and individual factors in shaping maternal breastfeeding decisions.
基金The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Research and Ethics Committee(No.2018/105).
文摘BACKGROUND Maintenance rates of exclusive breastfeeding(EBF)worldwide are low,thus,one of the objectives of the summary of policies on breastfeeding(BF)in world nutrition goals for 2025 are that at least 50%of infants under six months of age receive EBF that year.The Objective of this study is to document the rates of EBF in children born in San Ignacio University Hospital(HUSI)and identify factors associated with maintenance.AIM To document the percentages of EBF in those that were born at HUSI and identify factors associated to their maintenance.METHODS This is a study of cases and controls in an analytic,retrospective cohort that took children born alive between January 2016 and January 2019 at HUSI located in the city of Bogotá,Colombia.RESULTS Receiving information about BF at HUSI was able to maintain EBF up until 4 mo(OR=1.65;95%CI:1.02-2.66).The presence of gynecologic and obstetric comorbidities(OR=0.32;95%CI:0.12-0.83),having mastitis(OR=0.56;95%CI:0.33-0.94),and receiving information from mass media(OR=0.52;95%CI:0.31-0.84)are factors associated with not maintaining EBF.CONCLUSION Receiving education at a Women-and Child-Friendly Institution was the only significant factor to achieve EBF until 4 mo,with a frequency greater than the one reported in the country,which matches multiple studies where counseling and individualized support on BF achieve this purpose.Knowledge about BF and early detection of obstetric/gynecologic complications must be strengthened among the healthcare staff in charge of mothers during post-partum.Additionally,strategies must be promoted to continue BF such as creating milk banks with the objective of increasing BF rates even when mothers return to work.
文摘BACKGROUND Breastfeeding not only meets the nutritional needs of newborn growth and development but also promotes uterine contraction and discharge of lochia,which helps in maternal recovery.However,some mothers experience abnormal lactation and breast swelling due to a lack of breastfeeding knowledge,painful cesarean incisions,anesthesia,negative emotions,and other factors,resulting in a reduced breastfeeding rate,which adversely affects neonatal and maternal health.AIM To explore the effects of care intervention with a health education form for breastfeeding on breastfeeding-related conditions.METHODS In this study,207 mothers with postpartum breast pain and difficulty lactating were selected and divided into intervention and control groups using a random number table.Both groups of mothers were provided with basic nursing and related treatment measures after delivery.The intervention group additionally received care intervention with a health education form for breastfeeding.The scores of lactation volume,breast distension and pain,breastfeeding rate,breastfeeding self-efficacy,treatment effect,and complication rate of the two groups were compared.RESULTS After treatment,the breast pain score of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group,while the lactation score,score of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form scale,parent-child communication score,maternal-infant interaction score,total score of maternal-infant communication,and breastfeeding rate of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group.After intervention,the overall therapeutic effect of the intervention group was better than that of the control group,and the complication rate of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group.CONCLUSION Breastfeeding health education and nursing intervention combined with basic clinical treatment have good clinical effects in managing postpartum breast distension and pain and increasing lactation yield.
文摘Introduction: Neonatal mortality remains a major concern in West Africa, and exclusive breastfeeding is recognized as a crucial intervention to promote newborn survival. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers, as well as the perceptions of fathers, in the Boulmiougou health district. Method: This cross-sectional mixed study was conducted between May and July 2022, involving 471 mothers and 103 fathers of children under one year of age. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. Results: The practice of exclusive breastfeeding was observed in 44.6% of mothers surveyed. Logistic regression analysis revealed that mothers older than 26 years have a significantly higher chance of exclusive breastfeeding [adjusted OR = 1.7;95% CI: (1.098 - 2.685);p = 0.019] compared to mothers under 26 years of age. Similarly, mothers with at least three antenatal visits were 2.715 times more likely to perform exclusive breastfeeding than those with less than three antenatal visits [adjusted OR = 2.715, 95% CI: (1.184 - 6.225);p = 0.018]. The vast majority of fathers (76.7%) were informed about exclusive breastfeeding, and 59.5% had a correct definition. The analysis of the father’s perception highlighted a stronger focus on traditional practices in 90.3% of cases than on medical recommendations. Conclusion: In light of these results, it is essential to increase sessions to raise awareness and involve men throughout pregnancy, childbirth and early childhood monitoring about the many benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.
文摘BACKGROUND A progressive decrease in exclusive breastfeeding(BF)is observed in Latin America and the Caribbean compared with global results.The possibility of being breastfed and continuing BF for>6 months is lower in low birth weight than in healthy-weight infants.AIM To identify factors associated with BF maintenance and promotion,with particular attention to low-and middle-income countries,by studying geographic,socioeconomic,and individual or neonatal health factors.METHODS A scoping review was conducted in 2018 using the conceptual model of social determinants of health published by the Commission on Equity and Health Inequalities in the United States.The extracted data with common characteristics were synthesized and categorized into two main themes:(1)Sociodemographic factors and proximal determinants involved in the initiation and maintenance of BF in low-birth-weight term infants in Latin America;and(2)individual characteristics related to the self-efficacy capacity for BF maintenance and adherence in low-birth-weight term infants.RESULTS This study identified maternal age,educational level,maternal economic capacity,social stratum,exposure to BF substitutes,access to BF information,and quality of health services as mediators for maintaining BF.CONCLUSION Individual self-efficacy factors that enable BF adherence in at-risk populations should be analyzed for better health outcomes.
文摘Objective:To analyze the effect of using quality nursing care for primigravid women undergoing cesarean delivery.Methods:A total of 80 cases of primigravid women undergoing cesarean section from June 2022 to June 2023 were randomly selected.They were divided into two groups:Group A(40 cases)received routine care and Group B(40 cases)received quality care.The division was done using a computerized randomization method.The effects of the nursing care received in the two groups were compared.Conclusion:Quality nursing care for primigravid women undergoing cesarean section can enhance breastfeeding rates,alleviate maternal anxiety,improve feeding practices,and enhance breastfeeding self-efficacy.
基金supported by National Special Program for Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China[Grant Number:2017FY101100 and 2017FY101103]。
文摘Objective This study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3–5 years and breastfeeding status and duration.Methods The study was conducted using data from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0–17 years of age in China(CNHSC),a nationwide cross-sectional study.Breastfeeding information and potential confounders were collected using standardized questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews.The body composition of preschool children was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between breastfeeding duration and body composition after adjusting for potential confounders.Results In total,2,008 participants were included in the study.Of these,89.2%were ever breastfed and the median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months(IQR 7–15 months).Among children aged 3 years,the height-for-age Z-score(HAZ)for the ever breastfed group was lower than that for never breastfed group(0.12 vs.0.42,P=0.043).In addition,the weight-for-age Z-score(WAZ)of the ever breastfed group was lower than that of the never breastfed group(0.31 vs.0.65,P=0.026),and the WAZ was lower in children aged 4 years who breastfed between 12 and 23 months than in those who never breastfed.Compared to the formula-fed children,the fat-free mass of breastfed infants was higher for children aged 3 years(12.84 kg vs.12.52 kg,P=0.015)and lower for those aged 4 years(14.31 kg vs.14.64 kg,P=0.048),but no difference was detected for children aged 5 years(16.40 kg vs.16.42 kg,P=0.910)after adjusting for potential confounders.No significant difference was detected in the weight-for-height Z-score(WHZ),body mass index(BMI)-for-age Z-score(BAZ),fat-free mass index,and body fat indicators in the ever breastfed and never breastfed groups and among various breastfeeding duration groups for children aged 3–5 years.Conclusion No obvious associations were detected between breastfeeding duration,BMI,and fat mass indicators.Future prospective studies should explore the relationship between breastfeeding status and fat-free mass.
文摘Objective:The present study aims to evaluate aims to assess the knowledge,attitude,and practice of primiparous mothers in the immediate postpartum period regarding breastfeeding techniques which will be helpful in forming awareness and training programs.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional survey was used.A total of 120 primiparous mothers with a mean age of 24.92 years participated in the survey and filled the questionnaire related to the knowledge,attitude,and practice of techniques of breastfeeding.Results:Results revealed that 48.3%of new mothers were not aware of the correct techniques to initiate breastfeeding,whereas 68.3%of subjects reported that during latching,the baby’s upper and lower lip should be everted.The majority of new mothers were aware of breastfeeding techniques with some misconceptions as in our culture,most of the breastfeeding information passed from generation to generation.Conclusion:The level of awareness about feeding skills among primiparous mothers can be further improved by antenatal counseling or training from health-care workers during the gestational period.This will further help new mothers to educate and will provide adequate information which will decrease the myths.
文摘Preterm and low birth weight infants are at higher risk of neurodevelopmental outcomes;breastfeeding offers sev-eral beneficial aspects for them.This study aimed to describe the average neurodevelopmental outcomes of pre-term infants and examine the associations between neurodevelopment and breastfeeding among Hungarian preterm infants at 12 months of corrected age.154 preterm infants with low birth weight(<2500 g)and their mothers were participated in this study.Bayley-III Screening Test(Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Develop-ment Screening Test,Third Edition)was administered to measure the cognitive,language and motor skills of infants;breastfeeding data was obtained through parental anamnesis.To analyze data,independent sample t-test or the Welch t-test,Mann-Whitney tests,Chi-square tests of independence and Spearman’s rank correlation test were used to.Concerning the risk of developmental delay,Receptive and Expressive language and Fine motor subscales were the lowest.Examination of the associations between breastfeeding and neurodevelopmental per-formance identified significantly higher cognitive(U=2047.5;P=0.023)andfine motor(U=2096.0;P=0.037)skills in infants who were breastfed.We found significant positive correlations between the duration of breastfeeding and cognitive,expressive language andfine motor skills.The study draws the attention to the importance of breastfeeding and early screening.Further research is required to examine the casual relationship between neurodevelopmental outcomes and breastfeeding.
文摘<em>Kaba</em> is considered to be a kind of traditional apparel worn by the women in Ghana. Though, it’s worn to accentuate female modesty, chastity and elegance among the women folks. The modern day woman faces a lot of physical and emotional challenges when it comes to breastfeeding. There is a need to redesign and improve upon the <em>kaba</em> apparel for breastfeeding purposes. This study, therefore, sought to redesign functional <em>kaba</em> apparel for breastfeeding mothers. Based on the apparel design framework of Lamb and Kallal, design requirements were identified from breastfeeding mothers and incorporated into the designed apparel. Five prototype designs were made and tested by three selected mothers towards effective breastfeeding. Findings revealed that the prototype apparels made of fasteners and openings in the horizontal, diagonal and vertical directions with zippers and buttons were said to be suitable, comfortable to use and hence acceptable for implementation. This added functional part of the apparel boosted the comfort and confidence of the mother without compromising on their expressive values.
文摘Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is among the most important causes of chronic HBV infection and is the commonest mode of transmission worldwide. Currently, the presence of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA in breast milk is confirmed. Several studies have reported that breastfeeding carries no additional risk that might lead to vertical transmission. Beyond some limitations, the surveys have not demonstrated any differences in HBV transmission rate regarding feeding practices in early childhood. Promotion of breastfeeding is substantial, especially for low-income individuals and regions with uncertain, unfeasible, and unsafe water supplies. Lactoferrin, minimal inflammation or activation within the infant gut during exclusive breastfeeding, and nonspecific biological molecules in the milk are identified as major factors of breast-milk defense. This review discusses preemptive antiviral therapy during pregnancy and lactation. Long-term follow up of breast-milk HBV concentrations and correlation with serum viral load; nucleos(t)ide analogue concentrations in breast milk in HBV-positive mothers in the setting of chronic HBV infection; safety of antiviral therapy during pregnancy and lactation; and the difference in viral load in the milk in exclusive or non-exclusive breastfeeding are still open questions. The paper reviews the current data and outlines the course of further investigation into this often underestimated issue.
基金We thank all the mothers who participated in this study.
文摘Objectives:To explore the factors affecting breastfeeding behaviors in women after cesarean section.Methods:This is a qualitative study that used a phenomenological approach.This study used individual face-to-face interviews with 19 women who underwent a cesarean section in a Women and Children’s Hospital in China between July to September 2019.Information saturationwas used to determine sample size.Data were analyzed using a thematic content analysis method.Themes were developed based on the theory of planned behavior.Results:Thirteen(68.42%)had a planned cesarean section,and six(31.58%)cesarean sections were unplanned or emergent.Three major themes emerged:ambivalent attitude about breastfeeding,motivation to comply with the traditional cultural norms,and barriers and challenges.The motivating factors for breastfeeding after cesarean sections included perceived benefits of human milk,support from healthcare professionals,and responsibility for breastfeeding.The challenges for breastfeeding after cesarean sections included physical discomfort,knowledge and skills deficit of breastfeeding,lactation deficiency,and lack of knowledge and coping skills in managing their depressive mood after cesarean sections.There were a couple of neutral factors,such as the influences of family and peers.These factors could influence women either positively as facilitators or negatively as barriers.Conclusions:The findings can offer valuable information for healthcare professionals to help women breastfeed after cesarean sections.To promote women’s breastfeeding behaviors after cesarean sections,it is necessary to change women’s attitudes,belief systems,and the external environments and help them become more confident.
文摘Objectives:To examine the efficacy of an intervention based on the theory of planned behavior(TPB)in improving breastfeeding behavior among women with cesarean sections(C-sections).Methods:This research was a randomized controlled trial.Women with planned elective C-sections were recruited to participate in a randomized controlled trial between June and September 2020.One hundred thirty-two women were divided randomly into the intervention(n=66)and control group(n=66)by systematic random sampling.In the intervention group,an intervention project was implemented after Keywords:Breastfeeding Cesarean section Intervention studies Theory of planned behavior the C-section to establish positive breastfeeding attitudes,cultivate supportive subjective norms,enhance perceived behavioral control,and strengthen breastfeeding intention to change behaviors.Those in the control group received routine pre-and post-delivery care.Exclusive breastfeeding rate and breast problem were collected at 5 days,2 weeks,and 1 month after C-section.The modified Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool(BAPT)on the first day in the hospital,two weeks,and one month after C-section and Numerical Rating Scale(NRS)24 h postoperatively were used to compare the intervention effect between the two groups.Results:After the intervention,the intervention group had significantly higher exclusive breastfeeding rates than the control group at five days(86.4%vs.60.6%),two weeks(77.3%vs.57.6%),and one month(74.2%vs.50.0%)after the C-section.Besides,the intervention group was less likely to have sore nipples at five days(6.1%vs.18.2%in the control group,P<0.05)and two weeks(9.1%vs.12.1%in the control group,P<0.05).After two weeks of intervention,attitude scores(90.64±8.31 vs.87.20±8.15,P<0.05),subjective norm scores(88.07±24.65 vs.79.42±19.47,P<0.05)and behavior control scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group.After one month of intervention,attitude scores(90.34±10.35 vs.84.22±10.51,P<0.05)and behavior control scores(43.13±5.02 vs.39.15±4.69,P<0.05)in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group,which resulted in the higher breastfeeding intention in the intervention group.Conclusion:This study indicated that the TPB-based interventions effectively improved women's breastfeeding behaviors after C-sections.
基金Supported by The King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabiathe NPST Health Research and Studies program at King Saud University
文摘AIM: To examine the possible ameliorative effect of breastfeeding and the uptake of human colostrum against coeliac disease in autistic rats. METHODS: Female rats were fed a standard diet and received a single intraperitoneal injection of 600 mg/kg sodium valproate on day 12.5 after conception. In study 1, neonatal rats were randomly subjected to blood tests to investigate autism. In study 2, the 1st group was fed by the mother after an injection of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and administration of gliadin. The pups in the 2nd group were prevented from accessing maternal milk, injected IFN-γ, administered gliadin, and hand-fed human colostrum. The normal littermates fed by the table mothers were injected with physiological saline and served as normal controls in this study.RESULTS: The protein concentration was higher in group 2 than in group 1 in the duodenum (161.6 ± 9 and 135.4 ± 7 mg/g of tissue, respectively, P < 0.01). A significant increase (P < 0.001) in body weight was detected in human colostrum-treated pups on post natal day (PND) 7 and 21 vs suckling pups in group 1. A delay in eye opening was noticed in the treated rats in group 1 on PND 13 compared with the control group and group 2. Administration of a single intraperitoneal injection of 600 mg/kg sodium valproate on day 12.5 after conception resulted in significantly reduced calcium and vitamin D levels in study 1 compared with the control groups (P < 0.001). However, human colostrum uptake inhibited increases in the level of transglutaminase antibody in autistic pups with coeliac disease. CONCLUSION: The effects of early-life nutrition and human colostrum on the functional maturation of the duodenal villi in autistic rats with coeliac disease that might limit or prevent the coeliac risk with autism.
文摘AIM:To investigate factors associated with breastfeeding duration(BD) in a sample of mothers living in Greece.METHODS:Four hundred and twenty-eight mothers(438 infants) were initially recruited in a tertiary University Hospital.Monthly telephone interviews(1665in total) using a structured questionnaire(one for each infant) were conducted until the sixth postpartum month.Cox regression analysis was used to assess factors influencing any BD.RESULTS:Any breastfeeding rates in the first,third,and sixth month of the infant's life reached 87.5%,57.0%and 38.75%,respectively.In the multivariate analysis,maternal smoking in the lactation period[hazard-ratio(HR) = 4.20]and psychological status(HR = 1.72),and the introduction of a pacifier(HR =2.08),were inversely associated,while higher maternal education(HR_(university/college vs primary/high school) = 0.53,HR_(master's vs primary/high school) = 0.20),and being an immigrant(HR = 0.35) were positively associated with BD.CONCLUSION:Public health interventions should focus on campaigns against smoking during lactation,target women of lower educational status,and endorse the delayed introduction of pacifiers.
文摘OBJECTIVE:To summarize and critically evaluate the evidence pertaining to the effectiveness and safety of auriculotherapy for breastfeeding.METHODS:We performed a systematic search of10 databases from their inception dates to May 15,2017.Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness and safety of auriculotherapy for breastfeeding were included.Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.RESULTS:This review included 31 randomized controlled trials with 5389 participants.Owing to the obvious clinical or statistical heterogeneity,a Meta-analysis was not conducted.Twenty-nine studies compared auriculotherapy plus routine care with routine care alone.No consistent adjunctive effect of auriculotherapy was observed in increasing the volume of milk production(9 studies showed significant results in favor of auriculotherapy and 5 did not)and serum prolactin level(7 studies showed significant results in favor of auriculotherapy and 2 did not),and in facilitating the initiation of milk secretion(10 studies showed significant results in favor of auriculotherapy and 7 did not).Two studies compared auriculotherapy with no treatment.Auriculotherapy as a monotherapy showed significant effects in increasing serum prolactin level and facilitating the onset of milk secretion;however,it was limited and inconclusive because only two studies were included in this comparison.The subgroup analysis of women who underwent cesarean delivery showed inconsistent results with respect to all outcomes.No serious adverse events were reported with the use of auriculotherapy.The methodological quality of the included studies was generally poor.CONCLUSION:Although some studies showed positive results,no definite conclusion about the effectiveness and safety of auriculotherapy for breastfeeding could be drawn,owing to the low methodological quality of the included studies and the heterogeneity among trials.Large-scale,well-designed studies are warranted on this topic.
