Background:Long-term exposure to toxic substances increases the risk of their accumulation and triggering endocrine disruption.The ill-planned irrigation systems in Uzbekistan led to severe environmental disasters,res...Background:Long-term exposure to toxic substances increases the risk of their accumulation and triggering endocrine disruption.The ill-planned irrigation systems in Uzbekistan led to severe environmental disasters,resulting in aridization and the spread of organochlorine pesticides and toxic metals across the region.Objective:We investigate the influence of negative environmental factors on hormonal activities such as sex steroids,gonadotropic hormones,and growth factors,in addition to potential disruptions in growth rate and anthropometric indicators in prepubertal adolescents living in this region.Methods:This study included 405 prepubertal boys aged 11 to 13 years,residing in the cities of Muynak(unfavorable region)and Nukus(favorable region)of Uzbekistan.We measured 20 anthropometric parameters and assessed somatotype by the Heath-Carter method,peak height velocity(PHV),and maturity offset based on Mirwald's equation.In addition,the endocrine profile of 8 hormonal parameters was assessed,which includes growth factors,gonadotropins,sex steroids,and thyroid status.Results:We observed a positive dependence of physique,rate of maturation,and level of androgens,stimulated by gonadotropin hormones.Children living in unfavorable environmental regions show a decrease in folliclestimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,total testosterone(the best predictor),and anthropometric signs of androgen deficiency.These resulted in an increase in maturity offset and PHV,combined with lower skeletal density and ectomorphic somatotype compared to their peers living in favorable environmental regions.Conclusion:Regional differences in stature,body weight,and anthropometric parameters of adipose tissue,growth factor axis,and thyroid hormones are the influencing indices in the regulation of growth in prepubertal children.We hypothesize that the inhibition of the gonadotropin-testosterone axis may result from endocrine disruption due to higher levels of toxic metals and pesticide exposure.展开更多
Objective To study the interaction between polymorphisms of estrogen receptor （ER） gene and puberty on bone mineral density （BMD）. Methods One hundred and forty-six boys aged 13-17 years were divided into two grou...Objective To study the interaction between polymorphisms of estrogen receptor （ER） gene and puberty on bone mineral density （BMD）. Methods One hundred and forty-six boys aged 13-17 years were divided into two groups according to their first sperrnorrhea. DNA was analyzed for Xba I and Pvu 1/genotypes by PCR-RFLP. BMD of the total body, forearm and lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry （DXA）. The relationship between polymorphisms of ER gene and BMD in these two groups was analyzed. Results The BMD at all sites in the sperrnorrhea group was significantly higher than that in the un-sperrnorrhea group. The independent contribution of ER genotypes to BMD at two pubertal stages was analyzed after adjusting co-variables. In the un-sperrnorrhea group, the BMD at distal 1/10 and 1/3 forearm of those carrying pp genotype was significantly higher than that of the non-carries, whereas in the sperrnorrhea group BMD in those carrying the same genotype was significantly lower than that in the non-carriers. Similar results were obtained by haplotype analysis. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that body weight, age and the first sperrnorrehea were the dominant determinants for BMD. BMD at forearm might be influenced by interaction between ER genotype and the first spermorrehea. Conclusion The polymorphisms of ER gene play a different role in BMD influenced by the first spermorrhea. Chinese boys carrying p or x allele should pay more attention to their bone mass.展开更多
The paper compares the height growth velocities of male schoolchildren in South Korea and Japan over the period 1961-2018. Growth in height was measured with the same birth cohorts, not by comparing mean height of asc...The paper compares the height growth velocities of male schoolchildren in South Korea and Japan over the period 1961-2018. Growth in height was measured with the same birth cohorts, not by comparing mean height of ascending ages in the same year. Starting from a lower economic base and mean height in the 1960s, high school males aged 17 in South Korea became 3 cm taller in mean height than their Japanese peers in the mid-2000s versus 2 - 3 cm shorter in the 1960s through 1970s. Children in Japan ceased to grow taller by the end of the 1980s, not because they quit taking more animal-sourced foods, meat and milk, but because they had drastically steered away from fruit and vegetables in their diets since the end of the 1970s. Having largely converged economically with Japan, South Korean children ceased to grow any taller in the mid-2000s. More importantly, it was discovered in this study that successive cohorts in South Korea started to fall gradually but steadily in height growth velocity from 1<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> graders in middle school, aged 12 years to 3</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">rd</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> graders in high school, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aged 17 years, to be once again 3 cm below their Japanese peers in the early-2010s. Analysis of Korea Household Expenditure Surveys classified by age groups of household head, decomposed by the author, revealed that children under 20 years of age in South Korea began to steer away from fruit and, particularly, vegetables in their at-home consumption in the mid-1990s, to average only 15% of the level of older adults in their 50s in the mid-2010s. These results lend supports to the importance of fruit and vegetables as determinants in height and its growth velocities in two genetically similar nations over time and stages of economic growth.</span>展开更多
Artux, on the PamirPlateau, southwesternXinjiang UygurAutonomous Region,has a population of over200,000. Every boy hereshares a common dream - tobe a soccer player.
WITH growing evidence emerging of the difficulties boys face in Chinas classrooms, educators are becoming increasingly aware of the necessity to re-examine teaching methods and adapt these to the special learning styl...WITH growing evidence emerging of the difficulties boys face in Chinas classrooms, educators are becoming increasingly aware of the necessity to re-examine teaching methods and adapt these to the special learning styles that boys require.展开更多
There are many"little boys"images in Blake's poems, which is worth further analyzing. Accordingly, by observing and analyzing the boy images in William Blake's poems, this essay will explore the poet...There are many"little boys"images in Blake's poems, which is worth further analyzing. Accordingly, by observing and analyzing the boy images in William Blake's poems, this essay will explore the poet's developing attitude towards the vulnerable group.展开更多
文摘Background:Long-term exposure to toxic substances increases the risk of their accumulation and triggering endocrine disruption.The ill-planned irrigation systems in Uzbekistan led to severe environmental disasters,resulting in aridization and the spread of organochlorine pesticides and toxic metals across the region.Objective:We investigate the influence of negative environmental factors on hormonal activities such as sex steroids,gonadotropic hormones,and growth factors,in addition to potential disruptions in growth rate and anthropometric indicators in prepubertal adolescents living in this region.Methods:This study included 405 prepubertal boys aged 11 to 13 years,residing in the cities of Muynak(unfavorable region)and Nukus(favorable region)of Uzbekistan.We measured 20 anthropometric parameters and assessed somatotype by the Heath-Carter method,peak height velocity(PHV),and maturity offset based on Mirwald's equation.In addition,the endocrine profile of 8 hormonal parameters was assessed,which includes growth factors,gonadotropins,sex steroids,and thyroid status.Results:We observed a positive dependence of physique,rate of maturation,and level of androgens,stimulated by gonadotropin hormones.Children living in unfavorable environmental regions show a decrease in folliclestimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,total testosterone(the best predictor),and anthropometric signs of androgen deficiency.These resulted in an increase in maturity offset and PHV,combined with lower skeletal density and ectomorphic somatotype compared to their peers living in favorable environmental regions.Conclusion:Regional differences in stature,body weight,and anthropometric parameters of adipose tissue,growth factor axis,and thyroid hormones are the influencing indices in the regulation of growth in prepubertal children.We hypothesize that the inhibition of the gonadotropin-testosterone axis may result from endocrine disruption due to higher levels of toxic metals and pesticide exposure.
基金The research was supported and financed by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30471453)
文摘Objective To study the interaction between polymorphisms of estrogen receptor （ER） gene and puberty on bone mineral density （BMD）. Methods One hundred and forty-six boys aged 13-17 years were divided into two groups according to their first sperrnorrhea. DNA was analyzed for Xba I and Pvu 1/genotypes by PCR-RFLP. BMD of the total body, forearm and lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry （DXA）. The relationship between polymorphisms of ER gene and BMD in these two groups was analyzed. Results The BMD at all sites in the sperrnorrhea group was significantly higher than that in the un-sperrnorrhea group. The independent contribution of ER genotypes to BMD at two pubertal stages was analyzed after adjusting co-variables. In the un-sperrnorrhea group, the BMD at distal 1/10 and 1/3 forearm of those carrying pp genotype was significantly higher than that of the non-carries, whereas in the sperrnorrhea group BMD in those carrying the same genotype was significantly lower than that in the non-carriers. Similar results were obtained by haplotype analysis. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that body weight, age and the first sperrnorrehea were the dominant determinants for BMD. BMD at forearm might be influenced by interaction between ER genotype and the first spermorrehea. Conclusion The polymorphisms of ER gene play a different role in BMD influenced by the first spermorrhea. Chinese boys carrying p or x allele should pay more attention to their bone mass.
文摘The paper compares the height growth velocities of male schoolchildren in South Korea and Japan over the period 1961-2018. Growth in height was measured with the same birth cohorts, not by comparing mean height of ascending ages in the same year. Starting from a lower economic base and mean height in the 1960s, high school males aged 17 in South Korea became 3 cm taller in mean height than their Japanese peers in the mid-2000s versus 2 - 3 cm shorter in the 1960s through 1970s. Children in Japan ceased to grow taller by the end of the 1980s, not because they quit taking more animal-sourced foods, meat and milk, but because they had drastically steered away from fruit and vegetables in their diets since the end of the 1970s. Having largely converged economically with Japan, South Korean children ceased to grow any taller in the mid-2000s. More importantly, it was discovered in this study that successive cohorts in South Korea started to fall gradually but steadily in height growth velocity from 1<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> graders in middle school, aged 12 years to 3</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">rd</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> graders in high school, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aged 17 years, to be once again 3 cm below their Japanese peers in the early-2010s. Analysis of Korea Household Expenditure Surveys classified by age groups of household head, decomposed by the author, revealed that children under 20 years of age in South Korea began to steer away from fruit and, particularly, vegetables in their at-home consumption in the mid-1990s, to average only 15% of the level of older adults in their 50s in the mid-2010s. These results lend supports to the importance of fruit and vegetables as determinants in height and its growth velocities in two genetically similar nations over time and stages of economic growth.</span>
文摘Artux, on the PamirPlateau, southwesternXinjiang UygurAutonomous Region,has a population of over200,000. Every boy hereshares a common dream - tobe a soccer player.
文摘WITH growing evidence emerging of the difficulties boys face in Chinas classrooms, educators are becoming increasingly aware of the necessity to re-examine teaching methods and adapt these to the special learning styles that boys require.
文摘There are many"little boys"images in Blake's poems, which is worth further analyzing. Accordingly, by observing and analyzing the boy images in William Blake's poems, this essay will explore the poet's developing attitude towards the vulnerable group.
