Ammonia(NH_(3))is considered as one of the essential feedstocks in the fertilizer and chemical industries,serving as an ideal zero-carbon energy carrier.The ammonia synthesis process relies on Haber-Bosch process,prim...Ammonia(NH_(3))is considered as one of the essential feedstocks in the fertilizer and chemical industries,serving as an ideal zero-carbon energy carrier.The ammonia synthesis process relies on Haber-Bosch process,primarily involving the reaction between hydrogen(H_(2))and nitrogen(N_(2))at temperatures ranging from 400 to 500℃ and pressures exceeding 100 bar.A global total of 180 million metric tons of ammonia were produced annually in centralized industrial plants through the Haber-Bosch process,which consumes roughly 1% of the global energy supply and contributes over 1.3% of global carbon dioxide emissions[1].展开更多
In this paper,the etching characteristics of the ultra-high resistivity silicon（UHRS） by using the Bosch process were investigated.The experimental results indicated that the sulfur hexafluoride flux,the temperature...In this paper,the etching characteristics of the ultra-high resistivity silicon（UHRS） by using the Bosch process were investigated.The experimental results indicated that the sulfur hexafluoride flux,the temperature of the substrate,the platen power and the etching intermittence had important influence on the etching rate and the etching morphology of the UHRS.The profiles and morphologies of sidewall were characterized with scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.By using an improved three-stage Bosch process,380-μm deep through holes were fabricated on the UHRS with the average etching rate of about 3.14 μm/min.Meanwhile,the fabrication mechanism of deep through holes on the UHRS by using the three-stage Bosch process was illustrated on the basis of the experimental results.展开更多
Currently,the energy and capital intensive Haber–Bosch process still dominates NH_(3)synthesis which operates at high temperatures and pressures releasing inevitably large amounts of CO_(2).The electrocatalytic N_(2)...Currently,the energy and capital intensive Haber–Bosch process still dominates NH_(3)synthesis which operates at high temperatures and pressures releasing inevitably large amounts of CO_(2).The electrocatalytic N_(2)reduction reaction(NRR)offers us an environmentally-friendly and sustainable route for NH_(3)synthesis under ambient conditions.展开更多
The Haber Bosch industrial NH_(3) production process has high energy consumption and severe CO_(2) emission.Electrochemical N_(2) reduction is an attractive method for the synthesis of carbon-neutral NH_(3).However,si...The Haber Bosch industrial NH_(3) production process has high energy consumption and severe CO_(2) emission.Electrochemical N_(2) reduction is an attractive method for the synthesis of carbon-neutral NH_(3).However,since an efficient electrocatalyst is required to perform the N_(2) reduction reaction (NRR) at room temperature,N_(2) activation is a severe challenge.Herein,we report a CeP nanoparticle–reduced graphene oxide (CeP–rGO) hybrid as an effective electrocatalyst for NH_(3) synthesis.In 0.1 M HCl,CeP–rGO achieves a large NH_(3) yield of 28.69 μg h^(−1) mg_(cat.)^(−1) and a high faradaic efficiency of 9.6% at −0.40 V,and it also shows high electrochemical and structural stability.Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that CeP can efficiently catalyze the synthesis of NH_(3).展开更多
Ambient ammonia synthesis via the electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO_(3)^(-)) offers us a sustainable alternative to the industrial energy-intensive Haber–Bosch process. Here,we report on the development of NiF...Ambient ammonia synthesis via the electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO_(3)^(-)) offers us a sustainable alternative to the industrial energy-intensive Haber–Bosch process. Here,we report on the development of NiFe_(2)O_(4) nanosheet arrays on carbon cloth (NiFe_(2)O_(4)/CC) for high-efficiency NH_(3) electrosynthesis via the selective reduction of NO_(3)^(-) under ambient conditions. When operated in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered solution with additional 0.1 M NaNO_(3),such NiFe_(2)O_(4)/CC achieves a remarkable faradaic efficiency of 96.6% and a high NH_(3) yield of up to 10.3 mg h^(-1) cm^(-2). Furthermore,it possesses excellent electrochemical and structural stability. The theoretical calculations reveal that the metallic NiFe_(2)O_(4) surface has strong interactions with NO_(3)^(-) and can seriously inhibit the HER aiding in more efficient NO_(3)^(-) reduction to NH_(3).展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22105226)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(23CX06019A and R20220132).
文摘Ammonia(NH_(3))is considered as one of the essential feedstocks in the fertilizer and chemical industries,serving as an ideal zero-carbon energy carrier.The ammonia synthesis process relies on Haber-Bosch process,primarily involving the reaction between hydrogen(H_(2))and nitrogen(N_(2))at temperatures ranging from 400 to 500℃ and pressures exceeding 100 bar.A global total of 180 million metric tons of ammonia were produced annually in centralized industrial plants through the Haber-Bosch process,which consumes roughly 1% of the global energy supply and contributes over 1.3% of global carbon dioxide emissions[1].
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61574108,61574112,61504099)
文摘In this paper,the etching characteristics of the ultra-high resistivity silicon（UHRS） by using the Bosch process were investigated.The experimental results indicated that the sulfur hexafluoride flux,the temperature of the substrate,the platen power and the etching intermittence had important influence on the etching rate and the etching morphology of the UHRS.The profiles and morphologies of sidewall were characterized with scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.By using an improved three-stage Bosch process,380-μm deep through holes were fabricated on the UHRS with the average etching rate of about 3.14 μm/min.Meanwhile,the fabrication mechanism of deep through holes on the UHRS by using the three-stage Bosch process was illustrated on the basis of the experimental results.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB0307504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21506133)the Youth Foundation of Sichuan University(No.2017SCU04a08)for their support in this research.
文摘Currently,the energy and capital intensive Haber–Bosch process still dominates NH_(3)synthesis which operates at high temperatures and pressures releasing inevitably large amounts of CO_(2).The electrocatalytic N_(2)reduction reaction(NRR)offers us an environmentally-friendly and sustainable route for NH_(3)synthesis under ambient conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21575137).
文摘The Haber Bosch industrial NH_(3) production process has high energy consumption and severe CO_(2) emission.Electrochemical N_(2) reduction is an attractive method for the synthesis of carbon-neutral NH_(3).However,since an efficient electrocatalyst is required to perform the N_(2) reduction reaction (NRR) at room temperature,N_(2) activation is a severe challenge.Herein,we report a CeP nanoparticle–reduced graphene oxide (CeP–rGO) hybrid as an effective electrocatalyst for NH_(3) synthesis.In 0.1 M HCl,CeP–rGO achieves a large NH_(3) yield of 28.69 μg h^(−1) mg_(cat.)^(−1) and a high faradaic efficiency of 9.6% at −0.40 V,and it also shows high electrochemical and structural stability.Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that CeP can efficiently catalyze the synthesis of NH_(3).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22072015)。
文摘Ambient ammonia synthesis via the electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO_(3)^(-)) offers us a sustainable alternative to the industrial energy-intensive Haber–Bosch process. Here,we report on the development of NiFe_(2)O_(4) nanosheet arrays on carbon cloth (NiFe_(2)O_(4)/CC) for high-efficiency NH_(3) electrosynthesis via the selective reduction of NO_(3)^(-) under ambient conditions. When operated in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered solution with additional 0.1 M NaNO_(3),such NiFe_(2)O_(4)/CC achieves a remarkable faradaic efficiency of 96.6% and a high NH_(3) yield of up to 10.3 mg h^(-1) cm^(-2). Furthermore,it possesses excellent electrochemical and structural stability. The theoretical calculations reveal that the metallic NiFe_(2)O_(4) surface has strong interactions with NO_(3)^(-) and can seriously inhibit the HER aiding in more efficient NO_(3)^(-) reduction to NH_(3).
