The existing research of supply coordination under uncertain delivery time mainly focuses on the collaboration between the supplier and the manufacturer, which aim at minimizing the total cost of each side and finding...The existing research of supply coordination under uncertain delivery time mainly focuses on the collaboration between the supplier and the manufacturer, which aim at minimizing the total cost of each side and finding comparative optimal solutions under decentralized decision. In the supply coordination, the collaboration between suppliers in assembly system is usually not considered. As a result, the manufacturer’s production is often delayed due to mismatching delivery of components between suppliers. Therefore, to ensure supply coordination in assembly system, collaboration between suppliers should be taken into consideration. In this paper, an assembly system with two suppliers and one manufacturer under uncertain delivery time is considered. The model is established and optimal solution is given under decentralized decision. Furthermore, the cost functions of two suppliers are both convex, and a unique Nash equilibrium exists between two suppliers. Then the optimal decision under supply coordination is analyzed, which is regarded as a benchmark for supply coordination. Additionally, the total cost of the assembly system is jointly convex in agreed delivery time. To achieve supply coordination a bonus policy is explored in the assembly system under uncertain delivery time, and the total cost under bonus policy must be lower than under decentralized decision. Finally the numerical and sensitivity analysis shows the cost of assembly system under bonus policy equals that under supply coordination, and the cost of each side in assembly system under bonus policy is lower compared to that under decentralized decision. The proposed research minimizes the total cost of each side with bonus policy in assembly system, ensures the supply coordination between suppliers and the manufacturer, and improves the competiveness of the whole supply chain.展开更多
'This year we will put more efforts in to tax cuts and fee reductions, to lower the VAT rate and contribution rate for basic retirement insurance. The surplus will amount to RMB 2 trillion,'Premier Li Keqiang ...'This year we will put more efforts in to tax cuts and fee reductions, to lower the VAT rate and contribution rate for basic retirement insurance. The surplus will amount to RMB 2 trillion,'Premier Li Keqiang said at the press conference during the Two Sessions.He also commented that all types of enterprises will benefit from the tax cuts and fee reductions policies and it will have a very high efficiency as the benefits will be delivered directly to market entities. The VAT cuts took effect from April 1 and pension insurance rate will be lower starting from May 1.展开更多
Editorial note Scholars around the world are voicing their criticisms on China’s family planning policy,which,in their opinions,will lead to an unhealthy population structure.This article reviews the concepts of"...Editorial note Scholars around the world are voicing their criticisms on China’s family planning policy,which,in their opinions,will lead to an unhealthy population structure.This article reviews the concepts of"rich before old"and"negative demographic bonus",and concludes that with regards to some indicators such as dependency ratio and demographic bonus,there exists a discrepancy between calculations and reality.The author believes that China will continue to witness a surge of demographic bonus in the future.展开更多
Bonus announcement is often seen as a profitable strategy for intra-day trading;to know how useful it can be for position(long-term)investors this study is conducted.30 companies were chosen randomly and a two-tail t-...Bonus announcement is often seen as a profitable strategy for intra-day trading;to know how useful it can be for position(long-term)investors this study is conducted.30 companies were chosen randomly and a two-tail t-test is conducted.Considering the p-value of each company at 5%level of significance we found out the number of companies which have given positive numbers for position investors.A generalization method has also been used to see the overall applicability of the study.Reflecting individual companies fewer number showed positive results after a period of 30 days but using the generalization technique the study proved to be significant.There are certain limitations to the study as well including non-consideration of any other event which might have taken place,bearing in mind only NSE and BSE and also it includes companies which have made an announcement in the past three years.展开更多
When several major ride-hailing platforms in China announced reductions in their commission rates earlier in 2025,it wasn’t just a business headline,it was a bonus for drivers.For them,even a slight decrease in the p...When several major ride-hailing platforms in China announced reductions in their commission rates earlier in 2025,it wasn’t just a business headline,it was a bonus for drivers.For them,even a slight decrease in the platform commission on each fare can add up to hundreds more yuan(dozens of U.S.dollars)at the end of a long month.展开更多
The year 2016 is the year of change for China’s new energy vehicles industry,and also the key year in which the industry walks into the growth period from a lead-in period.The opportunities were obvious,and challenge...The year 2016 is the year of change for China’s new energy vehicles industry,and also the key year in which the industry walks into the growth period from a lead-in period.The opportunities were obvious,and challenges extremely difficult to meet.On one hand,many lithium battery enterprises suffered from a long account period,slowly returned money or展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 71102174)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 9123028, 9102016)+3 种基金Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No. 20111101120019)Beijing Municipal Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 11JGC106)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China(Grant Nos. NCET-10-0048,NCET-10-0043)Excellent Young Teacher in Beijing Institute of Technology of China(Grant No. 2010YC1307)
文摘The existing research of supply coordination under uncertain delivery time mainly focuses on the collaboration between the supplier and the manufacturer, which aim at minimizing the total cost of each side and finding comparative optimal solutions under decentralized decision. In the supply coordination, the collaboration between suppliers in assembly system is usually not considered. As a result, the manufacturer’s production is often delayed due to mismatching delivery of components between suppliers. Therefore, to ensure supply coordination in assembly system, collaboration between suppliers should be taken into consideration. In this paper, an assembly system with two suppliers and one manufacturer under uncertain delivery time is considered. The model is established and optimal solution is given under decentralized decision. Furthermore, the cost functions of two suppliers are both convex, and a unique Nash equilibrium exists between two suppliers. Then the optimal decision under supply coordination is analyzed, which is regarded as a benchmark for supply coordination. Additionally, the total cost of the assembly system is jointly convex in agreed delivery time. To achieve supply coordination a bonus policy is explored in the assembly system under uncertain delivery time, and the total cost under bonus policy must be lower than under decentralized decision. Finally the numerical and sensitivity analysis shows the cost of assembly system under bonus policy equals that under supply coordination, and the cost of each side in assembly system under bonus policy is lower compared to that under decentralized decision. The proposed research minimizes the total cost of each side with bonus policy in assembly system, ensures the supply coordination between suppliers and the manufacturer, and improves the competiveness of the whole supply chain.
文摘'This year we will put more efforts in to tax cuts and fee reductions, to lower the VAT rate and contribution rate for basic retirement insurance. The surplus will amount to RMB 2 trillion,'Premier Li Keqiang said at the press conference during the Two Sessions.He also commented that all types of enterprises will benefit from the tax cuts and fee reductions policies and it will have a very high efficiency as the benefits will be delivered directly to market entities. The VAT cuts took effect from April 1 and pension insurance rate will be lower starting from May 1.
文摘Editorial note Scholars around the world are voicing their criticisms on China’s family planning policy,which,in their opinions,will lead to an unhealthy population structure.This article reviews the concepts of"rich before old"and"negative demographic bonus",and concludes that with regards to some indicators such as dependency ratio and demographic bonus,there exists a discrepancy between calculations and reality.The author believes that China will continue to witness a surge of demographic bonus in the future.
文摘Bonus announcement is often seen as a profitable strategy for intra-day trading;to know how useful it can be for position(long-term)investors this study is conducted.30 companies were chosen randomly and a two-tail t-test is conducted.Considering the p-value of each company at 5%level of significance we found out the number of companies which have given positive numbers for position investors.A generalization method has also been used to see the overall applicability of the study.Reflecting individual companies fewer number showed positive results after a period of 30 days but using the generalization technique the study proved to be significant.There are certain limitations to the study as well including non-consideration of any other event which might have taken place,bearing in mind only NSE and BSE and also it includes companies which have made an announcement in the past three years.
文摘When several major ride-hailing platforms in China announced reductions in their commission rates earlier in 2025,it wasn’t just a business headline,it was a bonus for drivers.For them,even a slight decrease in the platform commission on each fare can add up to hundreds more yuan(dozens of U.S.dollars)at the end of a long month.
文摘The year 2016 is the year of change for China’s new energy vehicles industry,and also the key year in which the industry walks into the growth period from a lead-in period.The opportunities were obvious,and challenges extremely difficult to meet.On one hand,many lithium battery enterprises suffered from a long account period,slowly returned money or
