Too many climate committees, conferences, articles and publications continue to suggest a one and a half (1.5<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C) to two degrees (2<span style=&quo...Too many climate committees, conferences, articles and publications continue to suggest a one and a half (1.5<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C) to two degrees (2<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C) Celsius as an achievable global limit to climate changes without establishment of any causal link to the proposed anti-warming mechanism. A comprehensive review has found instead that observationally informed projections of climate science underlying climate change offer a different outlook of five to six-degree (5<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C - 6<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C) increase as “most accurate” with regard to present trends, climate history and models, yielding the most likely outcome for 2100. The most causative triad for the present warming trend from 1950 to the present is identified in this paper: 1) the tripling (3×) of world population;2) the quadrupling (4×) of carbon emissions;and 3) the quintupling (5×) of the world energy consumption. This paper presents a quantitative, linear global temperature correlation to carbon dioxide levels that has great predictive value, a short temporal feedback loop, and the finding that it is also reversible. The Vostok ice core temperature and CO2 values for the past 400,000 years, with past sea level estimates have produced the sufficiently evidential “Hansen’s Graph”. Detailed analysis results in an equation for global average temperature change and an indebted, long-term sea level rise, from even a 20 ppm of CO2 change above 290 ppm, commonly taken as a baseline for levels before 1950. Comparison to the well-known 800,000 year old Dome C ice core is also performed. The best-performing climate change models and observational analysis are seen to project more warming than the average model often relied upon. World atmosphere, temperature, and sea level trends for 2100 and beyond are analyzed. A laboratory experiment proves the dramatic heat-entrapment capability of CO<sub>2</sub> compared to pure air, which yields insights into the future global atmospheric system. Policy-relevant climate remediation, including gigaton carbon capture, zero and negative emissions and positive individual action, are reviewed and updated, with recommendations.展开更多
My First Visit to Rtse Drugdgon Monastery I first heard about Bon religion through a friend ten years ago.Having heard from him how people refer to Bon religion as an"evil religion"and sometimes a"black...My First Visit to Rtse Drugdgon Monastery I first heard about Bon religion through a friend ten years ago.Having heard from him how people refer to Bon religion as an"evil religion"and sometimes a"black religion",I became quite terrified.In fact,Bon religion was actually the original Tibetan religion. Piously I prayed:"If one day I visit Tibet,please do not let me encounter Bon religion!"展开更多
Effects of the KCI additions （1%, 3%, 5% and 7% of the phenolic resin mass ） on phase composition and microstructure of the resin carbon and the growth mechanism of carbon fibers were investigated by using commercia...Effects of the KCI additions （1%, 3%, 5% and 7% of the phenolic resin mass ） on phase composition and microstructure of the resin carbon and the growth mechanism of carbon fibers were investigated by using commercial liquid phenolic resin as carbon source and micron-scaled KCl us catalyzer, mixing, hexamethylene- tetramine solidification treating, carbon-embedded firing at 1 000 ℃ for 3 h in order to accelerate the graphitization of phenolic resin during carbonization. The results show that the graphitization degree of resin carbon is im- proved by catalysis of KCl, numerous carbon fibers with 30 - 200 nm in diameter and 10 - 20 μm in length and sheet-like carbon in situ grow in resin carbon. The opti- mal addition of KCl is 5% when lots of carbon fibers can be found in resin carbon, and doo2 diffraction peak of graphite appears obviously in the XRD pattern. The growth mechanism of carbon fiber is that the molten KCl at high temperatures absorbs carbonaceous gas from the decomposition of phenolic resin, accelerating the diffu- sion of solid C atoms in liquid KCl ; after the dissolution of C saturates, carbon atoms separate continuously in lo- cal parts to form carbon fibers or flakes ; meanwhile, the concentration gradient formed by local carbon atoms in the melt offers growth drive for the separation of carbon fibers or flakes on KCl surface.展开更多
The sequence structures of emulsion-processed SBR and solution-processed (by lithium catalyst) SBR were investigated by ^(13)C-NMR spectroscopy. Seventeen peaks within unsaturated carbon region were recorded under the...The sequence structures of emulsion-processed SBR and solution-processed (by lithium catalyst) SBR were investigated by ^(13)C-NMR spectroscopy. Seventeen peaks within unsaturated carbon region were recorded under the adopted experimental conditions. Assignments for these peaks were made by empirical-parameter-evaluation method.展开更多
This paper provides the results of using ground penetrating radar (GPR) method to detect hydrocarbon products (diesel and gasoline) in a controlled lab test. The work addresses the environmental problem generated by t...This paper provides the results of using ground penetrating radar (GPR) method to detect hydrocarbon products (diesel and gasoline) in a controlled lab test. The work addresses the environmental problem generated by the uncontrolled leakage of hydrocarbon product</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> and the subsequent contamination </span><span style="font-family:"">of </span><span style="font-family:"">plumes in the subsoil. Most of the research propose</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> the geophysical techniques to evaluate the plumes but some controversial were discussed on how i</span><span style="font-family:"">t</span><span style="font-family:""> affected the electrical and dielectric response depending on the excitation of the non-invasive method. The present work focuses </span><span style="font-family:"">on</span><span style="font-family:""> a comparative analysis of some signal attributes of the GPR traces to determine under what premises the detection is properly done. These signal attributes were from the time and frequency domain as attenuation coefficient, instantaneous amplitude and frequency have been considered to analyze three different soil samples. The laboratory tests consist of buried liquid (total hydrocarbon of petroleum</span><span style="font-family:"">, </span><span style="font-family:"">so called TPH) bags in the soil sample boxes reveal</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">the range of target detection and consistency of data on </span><span style="font-family:"">the </span><span style="font-family:"">controlled test regarding the dielectric soil characterization and the delimiting position and depth. Instantaneous amplitude and time-frequency shift are revealed as promising signal attributes to accura</span><span style="font-family:"">te</span><span style="font-family:""> detection of the TPH presence. Numerical simulation data were also carried out to interpret the signal reflections on radargrams and to confirm experimental trends and the benefits of us</span><span style="font-family:"">ing</span><span style="font-family:""> the above signal attributes in time-frequency domain.展开更多
Objective:Burkholderiagladioli(B.gladioli)pathovar cocovenenans(BG),a foodborne pathogen,can cause lethal poisoning.Most cases have been reported_in China,primarily originating from fermented cereal products.In this s...Objective:Burkholderiagladioli(B.gladioli)pathovar cocovenenans(BG),a foodborne pathogen,can cause lethal poisoning.Most cases have been reported_in China,primarily originating from fermented cereal products.In this study,we investigated the prevalence of BGC contamination in commercially available fungi and analyzed the environmental conditions for bongkrekic acid(BA)production in Shanghai.BA testing and animal experiments were conducted to confirm the relationship between bon genes and BA biosynthesis,and to clarify the causes of poisoning.Methods:The association between the bon gene cluster and BA synthesis was analyzed through whole-genome sequencing and animal testing to identify the gene cluster responsible for BA synthesis.Results:The overall detection rate of B.gladioli in the 85 samples was 44.7%(38/85).The highest detection rate was in dried black fungus(94.4%;34/36),followed by fresh Tremella fuciformnis(T.fuciformis)(16.6%;2/12),fresh black fungus(9.1%;1/11),and dried T.fuciformis(3.8%;1/26).BGC was detected only in dried black fungus,with a detection rate of 39%(14/36).In the crude extract solutions obtained from the 14 BGC cultures,BA concentrations ranged from 0.33 μg/mL to 714.83 μg/mL.Both the crude extract solution and the ten.-fold concentrated solution caused death in mice.Conclusion:The results of this study demonstrate that all BGC strains carry the bon gene cluster encoding BA,indicating that bonABCDFGHIJKLM plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of BA.展开更多
文摘Too many climate committees, conferences, articles and publications continue to suggest a one and a half (1.5<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C) to two degrees (2<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C) Celsius as an achievable global limit to climate changes without establishment of any causal link to the proposed anti-warming mechanism. A comprehensive review has found instead that observationally informed projections of climate science underlying climate change offer a different outlook of five to six-degree (5<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C - 6<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C) increase as “most accurate” with regard to present trends, climate history and models, yielding the most likely outcome for 2100. The most causative triad for the present warming trend from 1950 to the present is identified in this paper: 1) the tripling (3×) of world population;2) the quadrupling (4×) of carbon emissions;and 3) the quintupling (5×) of the world energy consumption. This paper presents a quantitative, linear global temperature correlation to carbon dioxide levels that has great predictive value, a short temporal feedback loop, and the finding that it is also reversible. The Vostok ice core temperature and CO2 values for the past 400,000 years, with past sea level estimates have produced the sufficiently evidential “Hansen’s Graph”. Detailed analysis results in an equation for global average temperature change and an indebted, long-term sea level rise, from even a 20 ppm of CO2 change above 290 ppm, commonly taken as a baseline for levels before 1950. Comparison to the well-known 800,000 year old Dome C ice core is also performed. The best-performing climate change models and observational analysis are seen to project more warming than the average model often relied upon. World atmosphere, temperature, and sea level trends for 2100 and beyond are analyzed. A laboratory experiment proves the dramatic heat-entrapment capability of CO<sub>2</sub> compared to pure air, which yields insights into the future global atmospheric system. Policy-relevant climate remediation, including gigaton carbon capture, zero and negative emissions and positive individual action, are reviewed and updated, with recommendations.
文摘My First Visit to Rtse Drugdgon Monastery I first heard about Bon religion through a friend ten years ago.Having heard from him how people refer to Bon religion as an"evil religion"and sometimes a"black religion",I became quite terrified.In fact,Bon religion was actually the original Tibetan religion. Piously I prayed:"If one day I visit Tibet,please do not let me encounter Bon religion!"
文摘Effects of the KCI additions （1%, 3%, 5% and 7% of the phenolic resin mass ） on phase composition and microstructure of the resin carbon and the growth mechanism of carbon fibers were investigated by using commercial liquid phenolic resin as carbon source and micron-scaled KCl us catalyzer, mixing, hexamethylene- tetramine solidification treating, carbon-embedded firing at 1 000 ℃ for 3 h in order to accelerate the graphitization of phenolic resin during carbonization. The results show that the graphitization degree of resin carbon is im- proved by catalysis of KCl, numerous carbon fibers with 30 - 200 nm in diameter and 10 - 20 μm in length and sheet-like carbon in situ grow in resin carbon. The opti- mal addition of KCl is 5% when lots of carbon fibers can be found in resin carbon, and doo2 diffraction peak of graphite appears obviously in the XRD pattern. The growth mechanism of carbon fiber is that the molten KCl at high temperatures absorbs carbonaceous gas from the decomposition of phenolic resin, accelerating the diffu- sion of solid C atoms in liquid KCl ; after the dissolution of C saturates, carbon atoms separate continuously in lo- cal parts to form carbon fibers or flakes ; meanwhile, the concentration gradient formed by local carbon atoms in the melt offers growth drive for the separation of carbon fibers or flakes on KCl surface.
文摘The sequence structures of emulsion-processed SBR and solution-processed (by lithium catalyst) SBR were investigated by ^(13)C-NMR spectroscopy. Seventeen peaks within unsaturated carbon region were recorded under the adopted experimental conditions. Assignments for these peaks were made by empirical-parameter-evaluation method.
文摘This paper provides the results of using ground penetrating radar (GPR) method to detect hydrocarbon products (diesel and gasoline) in a controlled lab test. The work addresses the environmental problem generated by the uncontrolled leakage of hydrocarbon product</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> and the subsequent contamination </span><span style="font-family:"">of </span><span style="font-family:"">plumes in the subsoil. Most of the research propose</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> the geophysical techniques to evaluate the plumes but some controversial were discussed on how i</span><span style="font-family:"">t</span><span style="font-family:""> affected the electrical and dielectric response depending on the excitation of the non-invasive method. The present work focuses </span><span style="font-family:"">on</span><span style="font-family:""> a comparative analysis of some signal attributes of the GPR traces to determine under what premises the detection is properly done. These signal attributes were from the time and frequency domain as attenuation coefficient, instantaneous amplitude and frequency have been considered to analyze three different soil samples. The laboratory tests consist of buried liquid (total hydrocarbon of petroleum</span><span style="font-family:"">, </span><span style="font-family:"">so called TPH) bags in the soil sample boxes reveal</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">the range of target detection and consistency of data on </span><span style="font-family:"">the </span><span style="font-family:"">controlled test regarding the dielectric soil characterization and the delimiting position and depth. Instantaneous amplitude and time-frequency shift are revealed as promising signal attributes to accura</span><span style="font-family:"">te</span><span style="font-family:""> detection of the TPH presence. Numerical simulation data were also carried out to interpret the signal reflections on radargrams and to confirm experimental trends and the benefits of us</span><span style="font-family:"">ing</span><span style="font-family:""> the above signal attributes in time-frequency domain.
基金Supported by the Three-Year Initiative Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai(GW Ⅵ-3).
文摘Objective:Burkholderiagladioli(B.gladioli)pathovar cocovenenans(BG),a foodborne pathogen,can cause lethal poisoning.Most cases have been reported_in China,primarily originating from fermented cereal products.In this study,we investigated the prevalence of BGC contamination in commercially available fungi and analyzed the environmental conditions for bongkrekic acid(BA)production in Shanghai.BA testing and animal experiments were conducted to confirm the relationship between bon genes and BA biosynthesis,and to clarify the causes of poisoning.Methods:The association between the bon gene cluster and BA synthesis was analyzed through whole-genome sequencing and animal testing to identify the gene cluster responsible for BA synthesis.Results:The overall detection rate of B.gladioli in the 85 samples was 44.7%(38/85).The highest detection rate was in dried black fungus(94.4%;34/36),followed by fresh Tremella fuciformnis(T.fuciformis)(16.6%;2/12),fresh black fungus(9.1%;1/11),and dried T.fuciformis(3.8%;1/26).BGC was detected only in dried black fungus,with a detection rate of 39%(14/36).In the crude extract solutions obtained from the 14 BGC cultures,BA concentrations ranged from 0.33 μg/mL to 714.83 μg/mL.Both the crude extract solution and the ten.-fold concentrated solution caused death in mice.Conclusion:The results of this study demonstrate that all BGC strains carry the bon gene cluster encoding BA,indicating that bonABCDFGHIJKLM plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of BA.
