Dear Editor,Ciliary body masses are diagnostically challenging due to their hidden location,diverse pathologies,and limited examination methods[1].We report a case of a ciliary body inflammatory mass treated with tran...Dear Editor,Ciliary body masses are diagnostically challenging due to their hidden location,diverse pathologies,and limited examination methods[1].We report a case of a ciliary body inflammatory mass treated with trans-scleral excision and antiinflammatory therapy,preserving functional vision.展开更多
The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago.Nevertheless,emissivity is an elusive concept even for ex⁃perts....The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago.Nevertheless,emissivity is an elusive concept even for ex⁃perts.It is a vague and fuzzy concept for the wider community of engineers.The importance of remote sensing of temperature by measuring IR radiation has been recognized in a wide range of industrial,medical,and environ⁃mental uses.One of the major sources of errors in IR radiometry is the emissivity of the surface being measured.In real experiments,emissivity may be influenced by many factors:surface texture,spectral properties,oxida⁃tion,and aging of surfaces.While commercial blackbodies are prevalent,the much-needed grey bodies with a known emissivity,are unavailable.This study describes how to achieve a calibrated and stable emissivity with a blackbody,a perforated screen,and a reliable and linear novel IR thermal sensor,18 dubbed TMOS.The Digital TMOS is now a low-cost commercial product,it requires low power,and it has a small form factor.The method⁃ology is based on two-color measurements,with two different optical filters,with selected wavelengths conform⁃ing to the grey body definition of the use case under study.With a photochemically etched perforated screen,the effective emissivity of the screen is simply the hole density area of the surface area that emits according to the blackbody temperature radiation.The concept is illustrated with ray tracing simulations,which demonstrate the approach.Measured results are reported.展开更多
Self-tracking(ST)has progressively increased since the turn of the millennium.Today,every smartphone is equipped with pre-installed“health apps”that cannot be deleted individually.With relatively inexpensive externa...Self-tracking(ST)has progressively increased since the turn of the millennium.Today,every smartphone is equipped with pre-installed“health apps”that cannot be deleted individually.With relatively inexpensive external sensors,such as wristbands,belts,and watches,a variety of parameters are monitored to calculate further data.Direct networking via smartphones allows users to share such data on social networks.The sociological implications of this behaviour,which can also be employed for self-optimisation,have been summarised.Selected ethical and philosophical issues—such as data security and epistemic justice have also been explored in detail.However,the phenomenological and philosophical question of how ST impacts the original perception of one’s own body has been considered quite sparingly thus far.The experience of“being oneself”—the subjective sensing and feeling of the bodily person in self-perception and in interpersonal encounters within the intersubjective bodily resonance space—remains under-explored.Extensive ST can lead to an embodiment of the body,as the supposedly“objective”body data of ST can dictate the primary bodily sensing and feeling.This results in a widening gap between the physical body and the animated body.In my view,this corresponds to a development analogous to the currently prevailing reductionist philosophy of mind,which offers strong materialistic simplifications(the brain generates consciousness solely through neuronal activities),where bodily experience or phenomenal consciousness through the subjective experiential content of mental processes(“qualia”)no longer plays a role.展开更多
Objective The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is closely associated with suboptimal dietary patterns.To address this public health concern,we conducted a comprehensive study to examine the association between c...Objective The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is closely associated with suboptimal dietary patterns.To address this public health concern,we conducted a comprehensive study to examine the association between coarse cereals consumption and body fat percentage(BFP)in Chinese children and adolescents.Methods The study included 48,305 children aged 6–17 years from 28 districts/counties in 14 provinces across seven regions of China(24,152 girls and 24,153 boys).BFP was examined using bioelectrical impedance analysis in the early morning.Coarse cereals consumption was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and categorized into three groups:0 g/1,000 kcal per day,0–10 g/1,000kcal per day,and>10 g/1,000 kcal per day(daily consumption of coarse cereals×1,000/total energy consumption).Quantile regression model was used to analyze the association between coarse cereals and BFP,adjusting for potential confounders such as age,pubertal development stage,urban/rural and regional factors,total daily dietary energy consumption,sedentary time,moderate-to-high physical activity,household income,parental education,and consumption of other foods.Results Boys aged 6–10,11–14,and 15–17 years had median daily coarse cereals consumptions of6.6 g,7.1 g,and 5.7 g,with BFP of 19.6%,19.5%,and 17.5%(all P<0.05).Girls in the same age groups showed consumption of 7.1 g,8.4 g,and 6.7 g,with BFP of 20.3%,26.4%,and 31.0%(all P<0.05).The quantile regression results for boys showed that daily consumption of coarse cereals was significantly correlated with their BFP in the 0.15,0.25,and 0.50 quartiles,with regression coefficients of-0.257,-0.221,and-0.330,respectively,after adjusting for potential confounders(P<0.05).For girls,there was a significant correlation with PBF at the 0.05,0.15,0.25,0.50,0.75,and 0.85 quartiles,with regression coefficients of-0.258,-0.366,-0.372,-0.431,-0.472,and-0.503(P<0.05 for all).Conclusions Coarse cereals consumption among Chinese children and adolescents remains relatively low.Higher consumption was inversely associated with BFP in children aged 6–17 years.Future interventional studies should assess how increased coarse cereals consumption prevents childhood obesity.展开更多
Overweight and obesity has been a major public health problem globally.It was estimated that more than 2.1 billion adults were affected by overweight or obese in 2021 worldwide,about one fifth of whom lived in China^(...Overweight and obesity has been a major public health problem globally.It was estimated that more than 2.1 billion adults were affected by overweight or obese in 2021 worldwide,about one fifth of whom lived in China^([1]).By 2050,the country is forecast to remain the one with the largest population of overweight and obese globally^([1]),if no effective strategies were applied on overweight/obesity control.展开更多
[Significance]In alignment with the national germplasm security strategy,current research efforts are accelerating the adoption of precision breeding in sheep.Within the whole-genome selection,accurate phenotyping of ...[Significance]In alignment with the national germplasm security strategy,current research efforts are accelerating the adoption of precision breeding in sheep.Within the whole-genome selection,accurate phenotyping of body morphometrics is critical for assessing growth performance and breeding value.Traditional manual measurements are inefficient,prone to human error,and may cause stress to sheep,limiting their suitability for precision sheep management.By summarizing the applications of sheep body size measurement technologies and analyzing their development directions,this paper provides theoretical references and practical guidance for the research and application of non contact sheep body size measurement.[Progress]This review synthesizes progress across three principal methodological paradigms:two-dimensional(2D)image-based techniques,three-dimensional(3D)point cloud-based approaches,and integrated 2D-3D fusion systems.2D methods,employing either handcrafted geometric features or deep learning-based keypoint detector algorithms,are cost-effective and operationally simple but sensitive to variation in imaging conditions and unable to capture critical circumference metrics.3D point-cloud approaches enable precise reconstruction of full animal morphology,supporting comprehensive body-size acquisition with higher accuracy,yet face challenges including high hardware costs,complex data workflows,and sensitivity to posture variability.Hybrid 2D-3D fusion systems combine semantic richness from RGB imagery with geometric completeness from point clouds.Having been effectively validated in other livestock specise,e.g.,cattle and pigs,these fusion systems have demonstrated excellent performance,providing important technical references and practical insights for sheep body size measurement.[Conclusions and Prospects]Firstly,future research should focus on constructing large-scale,high-quality datasets for sheep body size measurement that encompass diverse breeds,growth stages,and environmental conditions,thereby enhancing model robustness and generalization.Secondly,the development of lightweight artificial intelligence models is essential.Techniques such as model compression,quantization,and algorithmic optimization can substantially reduce computational complexity and storage requirements,facilitating deployment in resource-constrained environments.Thirdly,the 3D point cloud processing pipeline should be streamlined to improve the efficiency of data acquisition,filtering,registration,and segmentation,while promoting the integration of low-cost,high-resilience vision systems into practical farming scenarios.Fourthly,specific emphasis should be placed on improving the accuracy of curved-dimensional measurements,such as chest circumference,abdominal circumference,and shank circumference,through advances in pose standardization,refined 3D segmentation strategies,and multimodal data fusion.Finally,the cross-fertilization of sheep body size measurement technologies with analogous methods for other livestock species offers a promising pathway for mutual learning and collaborative innovation,accelerating the industrialization of automated sheep morphometric systems and supporting the development of intelligent,data-driven pasture management practices.展开更多
Objective:Hypertension is a serious public health concern that is influenced by a variety of body composition parameters.This study examines the associations between body composition metrics and blood pressure(BP)in a...Objective:Hypertension is a serious public health concern that is influenced by a variety of body composition parameters.This study examines the associations between body composition metrics and blood pressure(BP)in a rural population,specifically how variations in body fat distribution and other metrics affect systolic blood pressure(SBP)and diastolic blood pressure(DBP).Methods:A cross-sectional study of 226 participants examined the relationships between body composition metrics—such as total body fat,visceral fat,and body mass index(BMI)—and BP.Correlation and regression analyses were used to assess these relationships.Results:The study found substantial positive correlations between visceral fat and total body fat with both SBP and DBP.Visceral fat was strongly connected with both SBP(r=0.145,P=0.030)and DBP(r=0.331,P<0.01),while total body fat was significantly correlated with DBP(r=0.268,P<0.01)but not SBP.Body composition variables explained 12.8% of the variance in SBP(R^(2)=0.128,P=0.001)and 15.0% in DBP(R^(2)=0.150,P<0.001).Conclusions:The study found substantial connections between body composition,particularly visceral and subcutaneous fat and systolic and DBP.Higher levels of visceral fat were linked to elevate BP.Body composition accounted for a significant amount of BP fluctuation.展开更多
Electron–hole(e–h)recombination is a fundamental process that governs energy dissipation and device efficiency in semiconductors.In two-dimensional(2D)materials,the formation of tightly bound excitons makes exciton-...Electron–hole(e–h)recombination is a fundamental process that governs energy dissipation and device efficiency in semiconductors.In two-dimensional(2D)materials,the formation of tightly bound excitons makes exciton-mediated e–h recombination the dominant decay pathway.In this work,nonradiative e–h recombination within excitons in monolayer MoS_(2) is investigated using first-principles simulations that combine nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with GW and real-time Bethe–Salpeter equation(BSE)propagation.A two-step process is identified:rapid intervalley redistribution induced by exchange interaction,followed by slower phonon-assisted recombination facilitated by exciton binding.By selectively removing the screened Coulomb and exchange terms from the BSE Hamiltonian,their respective contributions are disentangled—exchange interaction is found to increase the number of accessible recombination pathways,while binding reduces the excitation energy and enhances nonradiative decay.A reduction in recombination lifetime by over an order of magnitude is observed due to the excitonic many-body effects.These findings provide microscopic insights for understanding and tuning exciton lifetimes in 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides.展开更多
Objective This study examined the associations between multidimensional body composition modalities and brain aging in Chinese adults.Methods Brain age was estimated using ridge regression based on 24 head computed to...Objective This study examined the associations between multidimensional body composition modalities and brain aging in Chinese adults.Methods Brain age was estimated using ridge regression based on 24 head computed tomographyderived neuroanatomical indicators in a Chinese cohort(n=557).Brain age gap(BAG),the deviation between the predicted brain age and chronological age(CA),was categorized into brain age acceleration(BAG>0)and deceleration(BAG<0)groups.Principal component analysis of 22 correlationindependent body composition indicators identified different body composition modalities.Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between these modalities and the BAG groups.Results The mean absolute error of brain age in predicting CA was 6.41 years.Three body composition modalities were identified:fat mass dominant(characterized by high loading coefficients of body fat mass,fat mass index,visceral fat level,and fat-to-lean mass ratio);fat-free mass dominant;and trunkleg contrast distribution.The fat mass dominant modality was significantly associated with brain age acceleration(odds ratio[OR]=1.40,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.15‒1.71),and the association was robust in sensitivity analyses.Conclusion The fat mass dominant modality was significantly associated with accelerated brain aging.This study suggests integrating deep body composition indicators into clinical and community health screening could aid in targeted prevention of brain aging.展开更多
Background:Social media plays an important role in shaping body image and self-perception,particularly among appearance-sensitive groups such as athletes.Although problematic social media use has been linked to body i...Background:Social media plays an important role in shaping body image and self-perception,particularly among appearance-sensitive groups such as athletes.Although problematic social media use has been linked to body image outcomes through processes such as social comparison,self-presentation,and evaluation sensitivity,these mechanisms remain underexplored among athletes with physical disabilities.This study aimed to examine the associations between social media use,addictive use patterns,and body image perception in this population,with a focus on these underlying psychological mechanisms.Methods:A total of 165 athletes with physical disability participated in this quantitative cross-sectional study.Data were collected through online surveys,including demographic questions,the Athlete Social Media Use Scale(content creation,usage frequency,and social media addiction subdimensions),and the Body Image Scale(negative perception,evaluation sensitivity,positive perception,and body modification).Parametric tests,correlation analyses,and group comparisons were performed to assess relationships between social media behaviors and body image dimensions.Results:Problematic social media use was moderately associated with higher negative body image and lower positive body image among athletes with physical disabilities(r=0.32–0.41,all p<0.001).Regression analysis indicated that overall social media use was a significant predictor of body image perception after controlling for demographic variables(β≈0.45,p<0.001),explaining approximately 19.5%of the variance.Mediation analyses using bootstrapping revealed that these psychological mechanisms partially mediated the relationship between problematic social media use and body image perceptions,with small-to-moderate indirect effects,indicating both statistical and practical significance.Conclusion:The findings indicate that not only general social media use but also addictive and problematic usage patterns are linked to vulnerable aspects of body image among athletes with physical disabilities.Increased exposure to idealized digital representations and upward social comparison processes may heighten sensitivity to external evaluation and undermine positive body perception.These results highlight the need for digital literacy initiatives,psychoeducational interventions,and supportive online environments that promote healthier social media engagement and body image among disabled athletes.展开更多
Objective Previous studies link lower body mass index(BMI)with increased obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)risk,yet other body mass indicators may be more etioloically relevant.We dissected the causal association betw...Objective Previous studies link lower body mass index(BMI)with increased obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)risk,yet other body mass indicators may be more etioloically relevant.We dissected the causal association between body fat mass(FM)and OCD.Methods Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of European ancestry were utilized to conduct two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Heterogeneity,horizontal pleiotropy,and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness.Results The inverse variance weighting method demonstrated that a genetically predicted decrease in FM was causally associated with an increased OCD risk[odds ratio(OR)=0.680,95%confidence interval(CI):0.528–0.875,P=0.003].Similar estimates were obtained using the weighted median approach(OR=0.633,95%CI:0.438–0.915,P=0.015).Each standard deviation increases in genetically predicted body fat percentage corresponded to a reduced OCD risk(OR=0.638,95%CI:0.455–0.896,P=0.009).The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings with no outlier instrument variables identified.Conclusion The negative causal association between FM and the risk of OCD suggests that the prevention or treatment of mental disorders should include not only the control of BMI but also fat distribution and body composition.展开更多
Background:Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy(MIDP)is increasingly being used,although its oncologic safety for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)remains controversial.In Japan,MIDP for PDAC has limited endo...Background:Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy(MIDP)is increasingly being used,although its oncologic safety for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)remains controversial.In Japan,MIDP for PDAC has limited endorsement due to insufficient data.This study aimed to compare the perioperative and long-term outcomes of open distal pancreatectomy(ODP)and MIDP for PDAC.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed patients with resectable pancreatic body and tail cancer treated with ODP or MIDP(laparoscopic or robotic)between January 2007 and July 2022.The surgical procedures(ODP and MIDP)were compared and the patient characteristics,perioperative outcomes,and long-term outcomes were analyzed.We also compared the outcomes of patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)and without NAC.Results:A total of 72 distal pancreatectomies were performed(37 ODPs and 35 MIDPs).In the upfront group,MIDP resulted in significantly less blood loss than ODP(P<0.01),despite similar operative time.There was no statistically significant difference in the 2-year recurrence-free survival(RFS)rates between ODP and MIDP(39.7%vs.57.8%,P=0.60)or in the overall survival(OS)rates(66.7%vs.74.1%,P=0.43).Similarly,in the NAC group,MIDP resulted in significantly less blood loss than ODP(P=0.01);ODP and MIDP had similar 2-year RFS rates(41.7%and 60.0%,P=0.75)and OS rates(50.0%and 70.0%,P=0.36).The interval from surgery to adjuvant chemotherapy initiation did not significantly differ between the ODP and MIDP subgroups in both the upfront group(P=0.13)and the NAC group(P=0.14).The incidence of recurrence was 64.8%for ODP and 42.8%for MIDP(P=0.06).Both procedures showed similar distributions of local and distant recurrence.Conclusions:MIDP caused less blood loss and had similar oncologic safety compared with ODP.MIDP could become a feasible,minimally invasive option with sufficient oncologic safety for pancreatic body and tail cancers.展开更多
Detecting biomarkers in body fluids by optical lateral flow immune assay(LFIA) technology provides rapid access to disease information for early diagnosis.LFIA is based on an antigen-antibody reaction and is rapidly b...Detecting biomarkers in body fluids by optical lateral flow immune assay(LFIA) technology provides rapid access to disease information for early diagnosis.LFIA is based on an antigen-antibody reaction and is rapidly becoming the preferred choice of physicians and patients for point-of-care testing due to its simplicity,cost-effectiveness,and rapid detection.Observing the optical signal change from the colloidal gold of the traditional LFIA strip has been widely applied for various biomarkers detection in body fluids.Despite the significant progress,rapid real-time detection of color changes in the colloidal gold by the naked eye still faces many limitations,such as large errors and the inability to quantify and accurately detect.New optical LFIA strip technology has emerged in recent years to extend its application scenarios for achieving quantitative detection such as fluorescence,afterglow,and chemiluminescence.Herein,we summarized the development of optical LFIA technology from single to hyphenated optical signals for biomarkers detection in body fluids from invasive and non-invasive sources.Moreover,the challenge and outlook of optical LFIA strip technology are highlighted to inspire the designing of next-generation diagnostic platforms.展开更多
Seabed mining operations have been found to induce significant movement and deformation in overlying rock strata,posing serious threats to mining safety.The presence of geological faults further complicates these defo...Seabed mining operations have been found to induce significant movement and deformation in overlying rock strata,posing serious threats to mining safety.The presence of geological faults further complicates these deformation patterns.This study utilized geophysical surveys and the continuum-based discrete element method(CDEM)to investigate how fault activity influences rock deformation and failure.The results demonstrate that:1)Acting in mechanically weak zones,faults exerted a pronounced barrier effect on deformation propagation and stress redistribution within the surrounding rock,leading to markedly divergent displacement patterns on either side of the fault plane.Comparative analyses between single-fault and double-fault models revealed an 18%−22%expansion of the damage zone under the latter,together with significantly intensified deformation and failure;2)The double-fault model exhibited a larger maximum cumulative vertical displacement and a spatial shift in the location of peak deformation,thereby posing a heightened threat to mine safety;3)Acting in an orebody substitute,backfill effectively constrained surrounding rock deformation,enhanced its load-bearing capacity,and delayed the overburden subsidence.Nevertheless,backfill only reduced the amplitude of deformation;it could not entirely prevent settlement.These findings provide essential theoretical insights and foundational knowledge for safer submarine mining practices.展开更多
Foreign body classification on coal conveyor belts is a critical component of intelligent coal mining systems.Previous approaches have primarily utilized convolutional neural networks(CNNs)to effectively integrate spa...Foreign body classification on coal conveyor belts is a critical component of intelligent coal mining systems.Previous approaches have primarily utilized convolutional neural networks(CNNs)to effectively integrate spatial and semantic information.However,the performance of CNN-based methods remains limited in classification accuracy,primarily due to insufficient exploration of local image characteristics.Unlike CNNs,Vision Transformer(ViT)captures discriminative features by modeling relationships between local image patches.However,such methods typically require a large number of training samples to perform effectively.In the context of foreign body classification on coal conveyor belts,the limited availability of training samples hinders the full exploitation of Vision Transformer’s(ViT)capabilities.To address this issue,we propose an efficient approach,termed Key Part-level Attention Vision Transformer(KPA-ViT),which incorporates key local information into the transformer architecture to enrich the training information.It comprises three main components:a key-point detection module,a key local mining module,and an attention module.To extract key local regions,a key-point detection strategy is first employed to identify the positions of key points.Subsequently,the key local mining module extracts the relevant local features based on these detected points.Finally,an attention module composed of self-attention and cross-attention blocks is introduced to integrate global and key part-level information,thereby enhancing the model’s ability to learn discriminative features.Compared to recent transformer-based frameworks—such as ViT,Swin-Transformer,and EfficientViT—the proposed KPA-ViT achieves performance improvements of 9.3%,6.6%,and 2.8%,respectively,on the CUMT-BelT dataset,demonstrating its effectiveness.展开更多
The existence of the"stomach-knee axis"and the potential independent association between"Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection and knee osteoarthritis(KOA)"have been substantiated through multiple lines...The existence of the"stomach-knee axis"and the potential independent association between"Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection and knee osteoarthritis(KOA)"have been substantiated through multiple lines of evidence,including epidemiological studies of the"stomach-knee axis",investigations into the pathological mechanisms linking"Hp infection and arthritis",as well as research on co-treatment drugs and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms relevant to"gastritis and arthritis".The investigation into"stomach and knee joint treatment"is grounded in the concept that the"stomach-knee axis"aligns with the"combined bi of body constituents and zang organs"theory.Clinical cases have demonstrated that therapeutic strategies of"stomach and knee joint treatment"can mitigate KOA damage by modulating the"stomach-knee axis"and eradicating Hp infection in the stomach.This study aims to contribute novel insights into the cross-system treatment of KOA.Further investigation into the"stomach-knee axis"may yield innovative strategies for the prevention and management of KOA,potentially through the eradication of Hp.展开更多
The sublevel top coal caving(SLTCC)mining is widely employed in steeply inclined and thick coal seams.In SLTCC,the large coal drawing height and the influence of roof and floor boundaries introduce significant complex...The sublevel top coal caving(SLTCC)mining is widely employed in steeply inclined and thick coal seams.In SLTCC,the large coal drawing height and the influence of roof and floor boundaries introduce significant complexity into the coal extraction process.The study demonstrates that,in an SLTCC working face,the granular nature of top coal gives rise to a'locking-embedding'effect and a'loosening-compaction'cycle during the drawing process.These phenomena invalidate several core assumptions of the conventional Bergmark-Roos(B-R)model,which is no longer fully established,and the maximum moving angle changes dynamically.Therefore,an improved B-R model was proposed to account for the dynamic variations in particle shape and maximum transport angle,and the corresponding boundary equations of the drawing body were derived.Additionally,a novel numerical simulation method based on the rolling resistance linear model(RRLM),which takes into account particle shape,has been introduced.Validation was conducted through numerical simulations and physical experiments.Both numerical and physical tests confirmed that the improved B-R model more accurately captures the drawing body shape in SLTCC.Field measurement data in Wudong coal mine in Xinjiang,China,further substantiated the model's validity.In addition,as sublevel height increases,the drawing body exhibits markedly different evolution trends on the roof-and floor-side boundaries.Formulas for the improved B-R model at various sublevel heights were established.The research may provide new approaches for SLTCC simulations and theoretical calculations of drawing body shape at different sublevel heights.展开更多
The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we explore how young people respond to the increasing focus on body weight management.As obesity rates climb,body weigh...The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we explore how young people respond to the increasing focus on body weight management.As obesity rates climb,body weight management has become a growing concern in China.The government is introducing targeted policies,hospitals are setting up dedicated clinics,and health experts are speaking out.But weight is no longer just a medical issue-it’s increas-ingly tied to identity,confidence,and social image.We examine the cultural forces shaping how young people in China and Africa approach weight-what drives their choices,how ideals are formed,and where health meets appearance in today’s shifting societies.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82101113).
文摘Dear Editor,Ciliary body masses are diagnostically challenging due to their hidden location,diverse pathologies,and limited examination methods[1].We report a case of a ciliary body inflammatory mass treated with trans-scleral excision and antiinflammatory therapy,preserving functional vision.
文摘The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago.Nevertheless,emissivity is an elusive concept even for ex⁃perts.It is a vague and fuzzy concept for the wider community of engineers.The importance of remote sensing of temperature by measuring IR radiation has been recognized in a wide range of industrial,medical,and environ⁃mental uses.One of the major sources of errors in IR radiometry is the emissivity of the surface being measured.In real experiments,emissivity may be influenced by many factors:surface texture,spectral properties,oxida⁃tion,and aging of surfaces.While commercial blackbodies are prevalent,the much-needed grey bodies with a known emissivity,are unavailable.This study describes how to achieve a calibrated and stable emissivity with a blackbody,a perforated screen,and a reliable and linear novel IR thermal sensor,18 dubbed TMOS.The Digital TMOS is now a low-cost commercial product,it requires low power,and it has a small form factor.The method⁃ology is based on two-color measurements,with two different optical filters,with selected wavelengths conform⁃ing to the grey body definition of the use case under study.With a photochemically etched perforated screen,the effective emissivity of the screen is simply the hole density area of the surface area that emits according to the blackbody temperature radiation.The concept is illustrated with ray tracing simulations,which demonstrate the approach.Measured results are reported.
文摘Self-tracking(ST)has progressively increased since the turn of the millennium.Today,every smartphone is equipped with pre-installed“health apps”that cannot be deleted individually.With relatively inexpensive external sensors,such as wristbands,belts,and watches,a variety of parameters are monitored to calculate further data.Direct networking via smartphones allows users to share such data on social networks.The sociological implications of this behaviour,which can also be employed for self-optimisation,have been summarised.Selected ethical and philosophical issues—such as data security and epistemic justice have also been explored in detail.However,the phenomenological and philosophical question of how ST impacts the original perception of one’s own body has been considered quite sparingly thus far.The experience of“being oneself”—the subjective sensing and feeling of the bodily person in self-perception and in interpersonal encounters within the intersubjective bodily resonance space—remains under-explored.Extensive ST can lead to an embodiment of the body,as the supposedly“objective”body data of ST can dictate the primary bodily sensing and feeling.This results in a widening gap between the physical body and the animated body.In my view,this corresponds to a development analogous to the currently prevailing reductionist philosophy of mind,which offers strong materialistic simplifications(the brain generates consciousness solely through neuronal activities),where bodily experience or phenomenal consciousness through the subjective experiential content of mental processes(“qualia”)no longer plays a role.
基金supported by the Special Project of National Science and Technology Basic Resources Survey(Grant No.2017FY101100)。
文摘Objective The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is closely associated with suboptimal dietary patterns.To address this public health concern,we conducted a comprehensive study to examine the association between coarse cereals consumption and body fat percentage(BFP)in Chinese children and adolescents.Methods The study included 48,305 children aged 6–17 years from 28 districts/counties in 14 provinces across seven regions of China(24,152 girls and 24,153 boys).BFP was examined using bioelectrical impedance analysis in the early morning.Coarse cereals consumption was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and categorized into three groups:0 g/1,000 kcal per day,0–10 g/1,000kcal per day,and>10 g/1,000 kcal per day(daily consumption of coarse cereals×1,000/total energy consumption).Quantile regression model was used to analyze the association between coarse cereals and BFP,adjusting for potential confounders such as age,pubertal development stage,urban/rural and regional factors,total daily dietary energy consumption,sedentary time,moderate-to-high physical activity,household income,parental education,and consumption of other foods.Results Boys aged 6–10,11–14,and 15–17 years had median daily coarse cereals consumptions of6.6 g,7.1 g,and 5.7 g,with BFP of 19.6%,19.5%,and 17.5%(all P<0.05).Girls in the same age groups showed consumption of 7.1 g,8.4 g,and 6.7 g,with BFP of 20.3%,26.4%,and 31.0%(all P<0.05).The quantile regression results for boys showed that daily consumption of coarse cereals was significantly correlated with their BFP in the 0.15,0.25,and 0.50 quartiles,with regression coefficients of-0.257,-0.221,and-0.330,respectively,after adjusting for potential confounders(P<0.05).For girls,there was a significant correlation with PBF at the 0.05,0.15,0.25,0.50,0.75,and 0.85 quartiles,with regression coefficients of-0.258,-0.366,-0.372,-0.431,-0.472,and-0.503(P<0.05 for all).Conclusions Coarse cereals consumption among Chinese children and adolescents remains relatively low.Higher consumption was inversely associated with BFP in children aged 6–17 years.Future interventional studies should assess how increased coarse cereals consumption prevents childhood obesity.
文摘Overweight and obesity has been a major public health problem globally.It was estimated that more than 2.1 billion adults were affected by overweight or obese in 2021 worldwide,about one fifth of whom lived in China^([1]).By 2050,the country is forecast to remain the one with the largest population of overweight and obese globally^([1]),if no effective strategies were applied on overweight/obesity control.
文摘[Significance]In alignment with the national germplasm security strategy,current research efforts are accelerating the adoption of precision breeding in sheep.Within the whole-genome selection,accurate phenotyping of body morphometrics is critical for assessing growth performance and breeding value.Traditional manual measurements are inefficient,prone to human error,and may cause stress to sheep,limiting their suitability for precision sheep management.By summarizing the applications of sheep body size measurement technologies and analyzing their development directions,this paper provides theoretical references and practical guidance for the research and application of non contact sheep body size measurement.[Progress]This review synthesizes progress across three principal methodological paradigms:two-dimensional(2D)image-based techniques,three-dimensional(3D)point cloud-based approaches,and integrated 2D-3D fusion systems.2D methods,employing either handcrafted geometric features or deep learning-based keypoint detector algorithms,are cost-effective and operationally simple but sensitive to variation in imaging conditions and unable to capture critical circumference metrics.3D point-cloud approaches enable precise reconstruction of full animal morphology,supporting comprehensive body-size acquisition with higher accuracy,yet face challenges including high hardware costs,complex data workflows,and sensitivity to posture variability.Hybrid 2D-3D fusion systems combine semantic richness from RGB imagery with geometric completeness from point clouds.Having been effectively validated in other livestock specise,e.g.,cattle and pigs,these fusion systems have demonstrated excellent performance,providing important technical references and practical insights for sheep body size measurement.[Conclusions and Prospects]Firstly,future research should focus on constructing large-scale,high-quality datasets for sheep body size measurement that encompass diverse breeds,growth stages,and environmental conditions,thereby enhancing model robustness and generalization.Secondly,the development of lightweight artificial intelligence models is essential.Techniques such as model compression,quantization,and algorithmic optimization can substantially reduce computational complexity and storage requirements,facilitating deployment in resource-constrained environments.Thirdly,the 3D point cloud processing pipeline should be streamlined to improve the efficiency of data acquisition,filtering,registration,and segmentation,while promoting the integration of low-cost,high-resilience vision systems into practical farming scenarios.Fourthly,specific emphasis should be placed on improving the accuracy of curved-dimensional measurements,such as chest circumference,abdominal circumference,and shank circumference,through advances in pose standardization,refined 3D segmentation strategies,and multimodal data fusion.Finally,the cross-fertilization of sheep body size measurement technologies with analogous methods for other livestock species offers a promising pathway for mutual learning and collaborative innovation,accelerating the industrialization of automated sheep morphometric systems and supporting the development of intelligent,data-driven pasture management practices.
基金supported by Universitas Advent Indonesia(No.067/EKS-SU/V/24 and 389/KEPK-FIK.UNAI/EC/V/24)。
文摘Objective:Hypertension is a serious public health concern that is influenced by a variety of body composition parameters.This study examines the associations between body composition metrics and blood pressure(BP)in a rural population,specifically how variations in body fat distribution and other metrics affect systolic blood pressure(SBP)and diastolic blood pressure(DBP).Methods:A cross-sectional study of 226 participants examined the relationships between body composition metrics—such as total body fat,visceral fat,and body mass index(BMI)—and BP.Correlation and regression analyses were used to assess these relationships.Results:The study found substantial positive correlations between visceral fat and total body fat with both SBP and DBP.Visceral fat was strongly connected with both SBP(r=0.145,P=0.030)and DBP(r=0.331,P<0.01),while total body fat was significantly correlated with DBP(r=0.268,P<0.01)but not SBP.Body composition variables explained 12.8% of the variance in SBP(R^(2)=0.128,P=0.001)and 15.0% in DBP(R^(2)=0.150,P<0.001).Conclusions:The study found substantial connections between body composition,particularly visceral and subcutaneous fat and systolic and DBP.Higher levels of visceral fat were linked to elevate BP.Body composition accounted for a significant amount of BP fluctuation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos.2024YFA1409800 for J.Z.and2024YFA1408603 for Q.Z.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12125408,12334004for J.Z.,and 12174363 for Q.Z.)+1 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2021ZD0303306 for J.Z.)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0450101 for J.Z.)。
文摘Electron–hole(e–h)recombination is a fundamental process that governs energy dissipation and device efficiency in semiconductors.In two-dimensional(2D)materials,the formation of tightly bound excitons makes exciton-mediated e–h recombination the dominant decay pathway.In this work,nonradiative e–h recombination within excitons in monolayer MoS_(2) is investigated using first-principles simulations that combine nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with GW and real-time Bethe–Salpeter equation(BSE)propagation.A two-step process is identified:rapid intervalley redistribution induced by exchange interaction,followed by slower phonon-assisted recombination facilitated by exciton binding.By selectively removing the screened Coulomb and exchange terms from the BSE Hamiltonian,their respective contributions are disentangled—exchange interaction is found to increase the number of accessible recombination pathways,while binding reduces the excitation energy and enhances nonradiative decay.A reduction in recombination lifetime by over an order of magnitude is observed due to the excitonic many-body effects.These findings provide microscopic insights for understanding and tuning exciton lifetimes in 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(72374180)“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Programs of Zhejiang Province(2026C02A1147,2025C02104)+5 种基金Research Center of Prevention and Treatment of Senescence Syndrome,School of Medicine Zhejiang University(2022010002)Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine(2020E10004)Oriental Talent Project(002)The key discipline of the Clinical Medical Research Center Geriatric frailty(LCXZ2202)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Key Support Discipline Program(2023ZDFC0402)Zhejiang University School of Public Health Interdisciplinary Research Innovation Team Development Project。
文摘Objective This study examined the associations between multidimensional body composition modalities and brain aging in Chinese adults.Methods Brain age was estimated using ridge regression based on 24 head computed tomographyderived neuroanatomical indicators in a Chinese cohort(n=557).Brain age gap(BAG),the deviation between the predicted brain age and chronological age(CA),was categorized into brain age acceleration(BAG>0)and deceleration(BAG<0)groups.Principal component analysis of 22 correlationindependent body composition indicators identified different body composition modalities.Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between these modalities and the BAG groups.Results The mean absolute error of brain age in predicting CA was 6.41 years.Three body composition modalities were identified:fat mass dominant(characterized by high loading coefficients of body fat mass,fat mass index,visceral fat level,and fat-to-lean mass ratio);fat-free mass dominant;and trunkleg contrast distribution.The fat mass dominant modality was significantly associated with brain age acceleration(odds ratio[OR]=1.40,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.15‒1.71),and the association was robust in sensitivity analyses.Conclusion The fat mass dominant modality was significantly associated with accelerated brain aging.This study suggests integrating deep body composition indicators into clinical and community health screening could aid in targeted prevention of brain aging.
基金supported by the İnonu University Scientific Research Projects Unit(SBA-2026-4657),Türkiye.
文摘Background:Social media plays an important role in shaping body image and self-perception,particularly among appearance-sensitive groups such as athletes.Although problematic social media use has been linked to body image outcomes through processes such as social comparison,self-presentation,and evaluation sensitivity,these mechanisms remain underexplored among athletes with physical disabilities.This study aimed to examine the associations between social media use,addictive use patterns,and body image perception in this population,with a focus on these underlying psychological mechanisms.Methods:A total of 165 athletes with physical disability participated in this quantitative cross-sectional study.Data were collected through online surveys,including demographic questions,the Athlete Social Media Use Scale(content creation,usage frequency,and social media addiction subdimensions),and the Body Image Scale(negative perception,evaluation sensitivity,positive perception,and body modification).Parametric tests,correlation analyses,and group comparisons were performed to assess relationships between social media behaviors and body image dimensions.Results:Problematic social media use was moderately associated with higher negative body image and lower positive body image among athletes with physical disabilities(r=0.32–0.41,all p<0.001).Regression analysis indicated that overall social media use was a significant predictor of body image perception after controlling for demographic variables(β≈0.45,p<0.001),explaining approximately 19.5%of the variance.Mediation analyses using bootstrapping revealed that these psychological mechanisms partially mediated the relationship between problematic social media use and body image perceptions,with small-to-moderate indirect effects,indicating both statistical and practical significance.Conclusion:The findings indicate that not only general social media use but also addictive and problematic usage patterns are linked to vulnerable aspects of body image among athletes with physical disabilities.Increased exposure to idealized digital representations and upward social comparison processes may heighten sensitivity to external evaluation and undermine positive body perception.These results highlight the need for digital literacy initiatives,psychoeducational interventions,and supportive online environments that promote healthier social media engagement and body image among disabled athletes.
基金supported by the Yanzhao Gold Talent Project of Hebei Province(NO.HJZD202506)。
文摘Objective Previous studies link lower body mass index(BMI)with increased obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)risk,yet other body mass indicators may be more etioloically relevant.We dissected the causal association between body fat mass(FM)and OCD.Methods Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of European ancestry were utilized to conduct two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Heterogeneity,horizontal pleiotropy,and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness.Results The inverse variance weighting method demonstrated that a genetically predicted decrease in FM was causally associated with an increased OCD risk[odds ratio(OR)=0.680,95%confidence interval(CI):0.528–0.875,P=0.003].Similar estimates were obtained using the weighted median approach(OR=0.633,95%CI:0.438–0.915,P=0.015).Each standard deviation increases in genetically predicted body fat percentage corresponded to a reduced OCD risk(OR=0.638,95%CI:0.455–0.896,P=0.009).The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings with no outlier instrument variables identified.Conclusion The negative causal association between FM and the risk of OCD suggests that the prevention or treatment of mental disorders should include not only the control of BMI but also fat distribution and body composition.
文摘Background:Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy(MIDP)is increasingly being used,although its oncologic safety for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)remains controversial.In Japan,MIDP for PDAC has limited endorsement due to insufficient data.This study aimed to compare the perioperative and long-term outcomes of open distal pancreatectomy(ODP)and MIDP for PDAC.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed patients with resectable pancreatic body and tail cancer treated with ODP or MIDP(laparoscopic or robotic)between January 2007 and July 2022.The surgical procedures(ODP and MIDP)were compared and the patient characteristics,perioperative outcomes,and long-term outcomes were analyzed.We also compared the outcomes of patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)and without NAC.Results:A total of 72 distal pancreatectomies were performed(37 ODPs and 35 MIDPs).In the upfront group,MIDP resulted in significantly less blood loss than ODP(P<0.01),despite similar operative time.There was no statistically significant difference in the 2-year recurrence-free survival(RFS)rates between ODP and MIDP(39.7%vs.57.8%,P=0.60)or in the overall survival(OS)rates(66.7%vs.74.1%,P=0.43).Similarly,in the NAC group,MIDP resulted in significantly less blood loss than ODP(P=0.01);ODP and MIDP had similar 2-year RFS rates(41.7%and 60.0%,P=0.75)and OS rates(50.0%and 70.0%,P=0.36).The interval from surgery to adjuvant chemotherapy initiation did not significantly differ between the ODP and MIDP subgroups in both the upfront group(P=0.13)and the NAC group(P=0.14).The incidence of recurrence was 64.8%for ODP and 42.8%for MIDP(P=0.06).Both procedures showed similar distributions of local and distant recurrence.Conclusions:MIDP caused less blood loss and had similar oncologic safety compared with ODP.MIDP could become a feasible,minimally invasive option with sufficient oncologic safety for pancreatic body and tail cancers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22234005,22494632,22404081)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Nos.BK20222015,BK20240534)。
文摘Detecting biomarkers in body fluids by optical lateral flow immune assay(LFIA) technology provides rapid access to disease information for early diagnosis.LFIA is based on an antigen-antibody reaction and is rapidly becoming the preferred choice of physicians and patients for point-of-care testing due to its simplicity,cost-effectiveness,and rapid detection.Observing the optical signal change from the colloidal gold of the traditional LFIA strip has been widely applied for various biomarkers detection in body fluids.Despite the significant progress,rapid real-time detection of color changes in the colloidal gold by the naked eye still faces many limitations,such as large errors and the inability to quantify and accurately detect.New optical LFIA strip technology has emerged in recent years to extend its application scenarios for achieving quantitative detection such as fluorescence,afterglow,and chemiluminescence.Herein,we summarized the development of optical LFIA technology from single to hyphenated optical signals for biomarkers detection in body fluids from invasive and non-invasive sources.Moreover,the challenge and outlook of optical LFIA strip technology are highlighted to inspire the designing of next-generation diagnostic platforms.
基金Project(42072305)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Seabed mining operations have been found to induce significant movement and deformation in overlying rock strata,posing serious threats to mining safety.The presence of geological faults further complicates these deformation patterns.This study utilized geophysical surveys and the continuum-based discrete element method(CDEM)to investigate how fault activity influences rock deformation and failure.The results demonstrate that:1)Acting in mechanically weak zones,faults exerted a pronounced barrier effect on deformation propagation and stress redistribution within the surrounding rock,leading to markedly divergent displacement patterns on either side of the fault plane.Comparative analyses between single-fault and double-fault models revealed an 18%−22%expansion of the damage zone under the latter,together with significantly intensified deformation and failure;2)The double-fault model exhibited a larger maximum cumulative vertical displacement and a spatial shift in the location of peak deformation,thereby posing a heightened threat to mine safety;3)Acting in an orebody substitute,backfill effectively constrained surrounding rock deformation,enhanced its load-bearing capacity,and delayed the overburden subsidence.Nevertheless,backfill only reduced the amplitude of deformation;it could not entirely prevent settlement.These findings provide essential theoretical insights and foundational knowledge for safer submarine mining practices.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2023YFC2907600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 52504132)Tiandi Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.Science and Technology Innovation Venture Capital Special Project(grant number 2023-TD-ZD011-004).
文摘Foreign body classification on coal conveyor belts is a critical component of intelligent coal mining systems.Previous approaches have primarily utilized convolutional neural networks(CNNs)to effectively integrate spatial and semantic information.However,the performance of CNN-based methods remains limited in classification accuracy,primarily due to insufficient exploration of local image characteristics.Unlike CNNs,Vision Transformer(ViT)captures discriminative features by modeling relationships between local image patches.However,such methods typically require a large number of training samples to perform effectively.In the context of foreign body classification on coal conveyor belts,the limited availability of training samples hinders the full exploitation of Vision Transformer’s(ViT)capabilities.To address this issue,we propose an efficient approach,termed Key Part-level Attention Vision Transformer(KPA-ViT),which incorporates key local information into the transformer architecture to enrich the training information.It comprises three main components:a key-point detection module,a key local mining module,and an attention module.To extract key local regions,a key-point detection strategy is first employed to identify the positions of key points.Subsequently,the key local mining module extracts the relevant local features based on these detected points.Finally,an attention module composed of self-attention and cross-attention blocks is introduced to integrate global and key part-level information,thereby enhancing the model’s ability to learn discriminative features.Compared to recent transformer-based frameworks—such as ViT,Swin-Transformer,and EfficientViT—the proposed KPA-ViT achieves performance improvements of 9.3%,6.6%,and 2.8%,respectively,on the CUMT-BelT dataset,demonstrating its effectiveness.
基金Supported by Discipline Construction Project of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine—Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2025XK02).
文摘The existence of the"stomach-knee axis"and the potential independent association between"Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection and knee osteoarthritis(KOA)"have been substantiated through multiple lines of evidence,including epidemiological studies of the"stomach-knee axis",investigations into the pathological mechanisms linking"Hp infection and arthritis",as well as research on co-treatment drugs and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms relevant to"gastritis and arthritis".The investigation into"stomach and knee joint treatment"is grounded in the concept that the"stomach-knee axis"aligns with the"combined bi of body constituents and zang organs"theory.Clinical cases have demonstrated that therapeutic strategies of"stomach and knee joint treatment"can mitigate KOA damage by modulating the"stomach-knee axis"and eradicating Hp infection in the stomach.This study aims to contribute novel insights into the cross-system treatment of KOA.Further investigation into the"stomach-knee axis"may yield innovative strategies for the prevention and management of KOA,potentially through the eradication of Hp.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52374148,52204163)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Cornell University(Grant No.2025JCCXNY02)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Coal Resources Green Mining,Ministry of Education(Grant No.KLXGY-KB2408).
文摘The sublevel top coal caving(SLTCC)mining is widely employed in steeply inclined and thick coal seams.In SLTCC,the large coal drawing height and the influence of roof and floor boundaries introduce significant complexity into the coal extraction process.The study demonstrates that,in an SLTCC working face,the granular nature of top coal gives rise to a'locking-embedding'effect and a'loosening-compaction'cycle during the drawing process.These phenomena invalidate several core assumptions of the conventional Bergmark-Roos(B-R)model,which is no longer fully established,and the maximum moving angle changes dynamically.Therefore,an improved B-R model was proposed to account for the dynamic variations in particle shape and maximum transport angle,and the corresponding boundary equations of the drawing body were derived.Additionally,a novel numerical simulation method based on the rolling resistance linear model(RRLM),which takes into account particle shape,has been introduced.Validation was conducted through numerical simulations and physical experiments.Both numerical and physical tests confirmed that the improved B-R model more accurately captures the drawing body shape in SLTCC.Field measurement data in Wudong coal mine in Xinjiang,China,further substantiated the model's validity.In addition,as sublevel height increases,the drawing body exhibits markedly different evolution trends on the roof-and floor-side boundaries.Formulas for the improved B-R model at various sublevel heights were established.The research may provide new approaches for SLTCC simulations and theoretical calculations of drawing body shape at different sublevel heights.
文摘The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we explore how young people respond to the increasing focus on body weight management.As obesity rates climb,body weight management has become a growing concern in China.The government is introducing targeted policies,hospitals are setting up dedicated clinics,and health experts are speaking out.But weight is no longer just a medical issue-it’s increas-ingly tied to identity,confidence,and social image.We examine the cultural forces shaping how young people in China and Africa approach weight-what drives their choices,how ideals are formed,and where health meets appearance in today’s shifting societies.
