Appropriate flowering time in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is vital for preventing losses from weather,diseases,and pests.However,the molecular basis of its regulation remains largely unknown.Here,a genome-wide associat...Appropriate flowering time in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is vital for preventing losses from weather,diseases,and pests.However,the molecular basis of its regulation remains largely unknown.Here,a genome-wide association study identifies BnaC09.FUL,a MADS-box transcription factor,as a promising candidate gene regulating flowering time in B.napus.BnaC09.FUL expression increases sharply in B.napus shoot apices near bolting.BnaC09.FUL overexpression results in early flowering,while BnaFUL mutation causes delayed flowering in B.napus.A zinc finger transcription factor,BnaC06.WIP2,is identified as an interaction partner of BnaC09.FUL,and BnaC06.WIP2 overexpression delays flowering in B.napus,with RNA sequencing revealing its influence on the expression of many flowering-associated genes.We further demonstrate that BnaC06.WIP2 directly represses the expression of BnaA05.SOC1,BnaC03.SOC1,BnaC04.SOC1,BnaC06.FT,BnaA06.LFY,BnaC07.FUL,BnaA08.CAL,and BnaC03.CAL and indirectly inhibits the expression of other flowering time-related genes.Genetic and molecular investigations highlight the antagonistic relationship between BnaC09.FUL and BnaC06.WIP2 in regulating the flowering time in B.napus through direct regulation of the expression of BnaC03.SOC1,BnaA08.CAL,and BnaC03.CAL.Overall,our findings provide a mechanism by which the BnaC09.FUL–BnaC06.WIP2 transcriptional regulatory module controls the flowering time in B.napus.展开更多
在国际商事仲裁中,仲裁地是一个法律概念,它是指仲裁当事人约定的,或无约定时由仲裁庭、仲裁机构或法院确定的仲裁的法律归属地。仲裁地在国际商事仲裁中具有重要的法律意义,它不仅在很大程度上确定仲裁协议准据法以及仲裁程序法的适用...在国际商事仲裁中,仲裁地是一个法律概念,它是指仲裁当事人约定的,或无约定时由仲裁庭、仲裁机构或法院确定的仲裁的法律归属地。仲裁地在国际商事仲裁中具有重要的法律意义,它不仅在很大程度上确定仲裁协议准据法以及仲裁程序法的适用,而且还使得仲裁地法院对仲裁行使相应的管辖权,包括司法协助和司法监督。另外,根据1958年《纽约公约》的规定,仲裁地是确定仲裁裁决国籍的一个主要标准,因此仲裁地对裁决的承认与执行也将产生重大影响。本文从颇受关注的新加坡高等法院和上诉法院审理的BNA v. BNB and another案入手,探讨仲裁地的确定、法律意义以及选定仲裁地时应当考量的因素,以期为国际商事仲裁从业人员提供参考。展开更多
The reaction between chloranil and N-benzyldihydronicotinamide(BNAH)in borate buffer/DMF was investigated.The reaction mixture gave a strong esr signal,which is consistent with that of chloranil anion radical,and tetr...The reaction between chloranil and N-benzyldihydronicotinamide(BNAH)in borate buffer/DMF was investigated.The reaction mixture gave a strong esr signal,which is consistent with that of chloranil anion radical,and tetrachlorohydrophenol(QH_2)and N-benzylnicotinamide (BNA^+)were obtained as the sole products.When the reaction was run in benzene solution,a green coloured charge-transfer complex between the reactants could be isolated,which decomposed in polar solvents to give BNA-+ and QH_2.Based on kinetic studies by esr spectroscopy by the stopped-flow technique,a two-step electron-transfer mechanism for the reactionis proposed in contrast to the hydride-transfer mechanism reported in the literature.展开更多
The Brassica polima cytoplasmic male sterility(pol CMS)line causes complete and stable sterility and is most extensively used in breeding.The regulatory pathway,however,is not clear.In this work,we studied molecular i...The Brassica polima cytoplasmic male sterility(pol CMS)line causes complete and stable sterility and is most extensively used in breeding.The regulatory pathway,however,is not clear.In this work,we studied molecular interaction among several key genes involved in pol CMS.Firstly,we found that the multicellular organelle RNA-editing factor protein(Bna.MORF1)interacted with the pol CMS-restorer protein RFP using the yeast two-hybrid system.Secondly,knock down of Bna.MORF1 using CRISPR/Cas9 editing resulted in sterile transgenic lines.The function of the pol CMS sterility gene orf224 was further confirmed by ectopic expression of the gene in both Arabidopsis and Brassica.Furthermore,using CRISPR/Cas9 we determined that an anther-specific proline-rich protein(APG)was also involved in sterility.We propose a working model for pol CMS in Brassica napus that may expedite the utilization of this popular CMS line in Brassica breeding.展开更多
Silique length influences seed yield in oilseed rape.It shows extensive variation in germplasm resources,and identifying the underlying genes and regulatory mechanisms would advance breeding for the trait.In the prese...Silique length influences seed yield in oilseed rape.It shows extensive variation in germplasm resources,and identifying the underlying genes and regulatory mechanisms would advance breeding for the trait.In the present study,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)using 331 core accessions planted in 10 environments revealed 13 loci associated with silique length on chromosomes A01,A04,A07,A09,and C03,explaining 6.2%–19.2%of phenotypic variance.Physiological analysis showed that silique length variation was attributable to differences in silique growth rate and/or duration before four weeks after flowering,with levels of endogenous phytohormones(auxin,ethylene,and GA24,GA12,and GA44)playing an important role.Cytological analysis showed that silique length variation was due mainly to differences in cell number followed by cell size.Transcriptomic analysis of two pools of silique walls with opposite length extremes revealed 3248 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).These DEGs were enriched in several pathways(such as cell wall,cell division,and hormone metabolism)associated with cell proliferation and expansion and silique development.Integrating GWAS,RNA-seq,and functional annotation results revealed 15 candidate genes for the major associated locus q SL.A09-3.Of these,Bna A9.ARF18 and Bna A9.CYP78 A9 were validated by haplotype analysis followed by candidate gene association.Sequence variation in the coding region of Bna A9.ARF18 and expression of Bna A9.CYP78 A9 in silique walls were strongly associated with silique length.Our results provide an explanation for the natural variation of silique length in oilseed rape germplasm and offer useful information for its improvement.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200400)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(2024RSCXTD-69)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2021LLRH-07)a grant from the Yang Ling Seed Industry Innovation Center(K3031122024).
文摘Appropriate flowering time in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is vital for preventing losses from weather,diseases,and pests.However,the molecular basis of its regulation remains largely unknown.Here,a genome-wide association study identifies BnaC09.FUL,a MADS-box transcription factor,as a promising candidate gene regulating flowering time in B.napus.BnaC09.FUL expression increases sharply in B.napus shoot apices near bolting.BnaC09.FUL overexpression results in early flowering,while BnaFUL mutation causes delayed flowering in B.napus.A zinc finger transcription factor,BnaC06.WIP2,is identified as an interaction partner of BnaC09.FUL,and BnaC06.WIP2 overexpression delays flowering in B.napus,with RNA sequencing revealing its influence on the expression of many flowering-associated genes.We further demonstrate that BnaC06.WIP2 directly represses the expression of BnaA05.SOC1,BnaC03.SOC1,BnaC04.SOC1,BnaC06.FT,BnaA06.LFY,BnaC07.FUL,BnaA08.CAL,and BnaC03.CAL and indirectly inhibits the expression of other flowering time-related genes.Genetic and molecular investigations highlight the antagonistic relationship between BnaC09.FUL and BnaC06.WIP2 in regulating the flowering time in B.napus through direct regulation of the expression of BnaC03.SOC1,BnaA08.CAL,and BnaC03.CAL.Overall,our findings provide a mechanism by which the BnaC09.FUL–BnaC06.WIP2 transcriptional regulatory module controls the flowering time in B.napus.
文摘在国际商事仲裁中,仲裁地是一个法律概念,它是指仲裁当事人约定的,或无约定时由仲裁庭、仲裁机构或法院确定的仲裁的法律归属地。仲裁地在国际商事仲裁中具有重要的法律意义,它不仅在很大程度上确定仲裁协议准据法以及仲裁程序法的适用,而且还使得仲裁地法院对仲裁行使相应的管辖权,包括司法协助和司法监督。另外,根据1958年《纽约公约》的规定,仲裁地是确定仲裁裁决国籍的一个主要标准,因此仲裁地对裁决的承认与执行也将产生重大影响。本文从颇受关注的新加坡高等法院和上诉法院审理的BNA v. BNB and another案入手,探讨仲裁地的确定、法律意义以及选定仲裁地时应当考量的因素,以期为国际商事仲裁从业人员提供参考。
文摘The reaction between chloranil and N-benzyldihydronicotinamide(BNAH)in borate buffer/DMF was investigated.The reaction mixture gave a strong esr signal,which is consistent with that of chloranil anion radical,and tetrachlorohydrophenol(QH_2)and N-benzylnicotinamide (BNA^+)were obtained as the sole products.When the reaction was run in benzene solution,a green coloured charge-transfer complex between the reactants could be isolated,which decomposed in polar solvents to give BNA-+ and QH_2.Based on kinetic studies by esr spectroscopy by the stopped-flow technique,a two-step electron-transfer mechanism for the reactionis proposed in contrast to the hydride-transfer mechanism reported in the literature.
基金supported by the Wuhan Science and Technology Major Project on Key Techniques of Biological Breeding and Breeding of New Varieties(2022021302024851)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1600500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201883)。
文摘The Brassica polima cytoplasmic male sterility(pol CMS)line causes complete and stable sterility and is most extensively used in breeding.The regulatory pathway,however,is not clear.In this work,we studied molecular interaction among several key genes involved in pol CMS.Firstly,we found that the multicellular organelle RNA-editing factor protein(Bna.MORF1)interacted with the pol CMS-restorer protein RFP using the yeast two-hybrid system.Secondly,knock down of Bna.MORF1 using CRISPR/Cas9 editing resulted in sterile transgenic lines.The function of the pol CMS sterility gene orf224 was further confirmed by ectopic expression of the gene in both Arabidopsis and Brassica.Furthermore,using CRISPR/Cas9 we determined that an anther-specific proline-rich protein(APG)was also involved in sterility.We propose a working model for pol CMS in Brassica napus that may expedite the utilization of this popular CMS line in Brassica breeding.
基金the Technical Innovation Project of Hubei Province(2018ABA087)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771840)+2 种基金the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP-2013-OCRI)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-Profit Institute of Crop Sciences CAAS(Y2020YJ09)。
文摘Silique length influences seed yield in oilseed rape.It shows extensive variation in germplasm resources,and identifying the underlying genes and regulatory mechanisms would advance breeding for the trait.In the present study,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)using 331 core accessions planted in 10 environments revealed 13 loci associated with silique length on chromosomes A01,A04,A07,A09,and C03,explaining 6.2%–19.2%of phenotypic variance.Physiological analysis showed that silique length variation was attributable to differences in silique growth rate and/or duration before four weeks after flowering,with levels of endogenous phytohormones(auxin,ethylene,and GA24,GA12,and GA44)playing an important role.Cytological analysis showed that silique length variation was due mainly to differences in cell number followed by cell size.Transcriptomic analysis of two pools of silique walls with opposite length extremes revealed 3248 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).These DEGs were enriched in several pathways(such as cell wall,cell division,and hormone metabolism)associated with cell proliferation and expansion and silique development.Integrating GWAS,RNA-seq,and functional annotation results revealed 15 candidate genes for the major associated locus q SL.A09-3.Of these,Bna A9.ARF18 and Bna A9.CYP78 A9 were validated by haplotype analysis followed by candidate gene association.Sequence variation in the coding region of Bna A9.ARF18 and expression of Bna A9.CYP78 A9 in silique walls were strongly associated with silique length.Our results provide an explanation for the natural variation of silique length in oilseed rape germplasm and offer useful information for its improvement.
