This paper presents an innovative switched-mode auto gain control （AGC） circuit with internally created reset module for DC-10Mb/s burst-mode unbalanced （BMU） optical data transmission. Conventional AGC circuit is...This paper presents an innovative switched-mode auto gain control （AGC） circuit with internally created reset module for DC-10Mb/s burst-mode unbalanced （BMU） optical data transmission. Conventional AGC circuit is inappropriate for BMU data transmission because it is based on average level detection and requires considerable time to settle on a predefined gain. Therefore, we adopt a fast switched-mode AGC based on peak level detection. After the gain is adjusted, the peak level detectors need to re-detect the peak level of the input signal. Thus, we develop an internally created reset module. This AGC with reset module exhibits a fast operation and achieves an adjusted stable gain within one-bit, avoiding any bit loss up to 10Mb/s data rate. During power-up, the peak level detectors possibly hold an uncertain level resulting in the bit-errors. We propose a power-up reset circuit to solve this problem. Designed in a 0.5μm CMOS technology, the circuit achieves an optical sensitivity of better than -30dBm and a wide dynamic range of over 30dB with a power dissipation of only 30 mW from a 5V supply.展开更多
Background:CAR-T cells are chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cells;they are targetspecific engineered cells on tumor cells and produce T cell-mediated antitumor responses.CAR-T cell therapy is the“first-line”therapy ...Background:CAR-T cells are chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cells;they are targetspecific engineered cells on tumor cells and produce T cell-mediated antitumor responses.CAR-T cell therapy is the“first-line”therapy in immunotherapy for the treatment of highly clonal neoplasms such as lymphoma and leukemia.This adoptive therapy is currently being studied and tested even in the case of solid tumors such as osteosarcoma since,precisely for this type of tumor,the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors remained disappointing.Although CAR-T is a promising therapeutic technique,there are therapeutic limits linked to the persistence of these cells and to the tumor’s immune escape.CAR-T cell engineering techniques are allowed to express interleukin IL-36,and seem to be much more efficient in antitumoral action.IL-36 is involved in the long-term antitumor action,allowing CAR-T cells to be more efficient in their antitumor action due to a“cross-talk”action between the“IL-36/dendritic cells”axis and the adaptive immunity.Methods:This analysis makes the model useful for evaluating cell dynamics in the case of tumor relapses or specific understanding of the action of CAR-T cells in certain types of tumor.The model proposed here seeks to quantify the action and interaction between the three fundamental elements of this antitumor activity induced by this type of adoptive immunotherapy:IL-36,“armored”CAR-T cells(i.e.,engineered to produce IL-36)and the tumor cell population,focusing exclusively on the action of this interleukin and on the antitumor consequences of the so modified CAR-T cells.Mathematical model was developed and numerical simulations were carried out during this research.The development of the model with stability analysis by conditions of Routh–Hurwitz shows how IL-36 makes CAR-T cells more efficient and persistent over time and more effective in the antitumoral treatment,making therapy more effective against the“solid tumor”.Findings:Primary malignant bone tumors are quite rare(about 3%of all tumors)and the vast majority consist of osteosarcomas and Ewing’s sarcoma and,approximately,the 20%of patients undergo metastasis situations that is the most likely cause of death.Interpretation:In bone tumor like osteosarcoma,there is a variation of the cellular mechanical characteristics that can influence the efficacy of chemotherapy and increase the metastatic capacity;an approach related to adoptive immunotherapy with CAR-T cells may be a possible solution because this type of therapy is not influenced by the biomechanics of cancer cells which show peculiar characteristics.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province （ BK2010411 ） and the National International Cooperation Project of China-Korea （2011DFA11310）.
文摘This paper presents an innovative switched-mode auto gain control （AGC） circuit with internally created reset module for DC-10Mb/s burst-mode unbalanced （BMU） optical data transmission. Conventional AGC circuit is inappropriate for BMU data transmission because it is based on average level detection and requires considerable time to settle on a predefined gain. Therefore, we adopt a fast switched-mode AGC based on peak level detection. After the gain is adjusted, the peak level detectors need to re-detect the peak level of the input signal. Thus, we develop an internally created reset module. This AGC with reset module exhibits a fast operation and achieves an adjusted stable gain within one-bit, avoiding any bit loss up to 10Mb/s data rate. During power-up, the peak level detectors possibly hold an uncertain level resulting in the bit-errors. We propose a power-up reset circuit to solve this problem. Designed in a 0.5μm CMOS technology, the circuit achieves an optical sensitivity of better than -30dBm and a wide dynamic range of over 30dB with a power dissipation of only 30 mW from a 5V supply.
文摘Background:CAR-T cells are chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cells;they are targetspecific engineered cells on tumor cells and produce T cell-mediated antitumor responses.CAR-T cell therapy is the“first-line”therapy in immunotherapy for the treatment of highly clonal neoplasms such as lymphoma and leukemia.This adoptive therapy is currently being studied and tested even in the case of solid tumors such as osteosarcoma since,precisely for this type of tumor,the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors remained disappointing.Although CAR-T is a promising therapeutic technique,there are therapeutic limits linked to the persistence of these cells and to the tumor’s immune escape.CAR-T cell engineering techniques are allowed to express interleukin IL-36,and seem to be much more efficient in antitumoral action.IL-36 is involved in the long-term antitumor action,allowing CAR-T cells to be more efficient in their antitumor action due to a“cross-talk”action between the“IL-36/dendritic cells”axis and the adaptive immunity.Methods:This analysis makes the model useful for evaluating cell dynamics in the case of tumor relapses or specific understanding of the action of CAR-T cells in certain types of tumor.The model proposed here seeks to quantify the action and interaction between the three fundamental elements of this antitumor activity induced by this type of adoptive immunotherapy:IL-36,“armored”CAR-T cells(i.e.,engineered to produce IL-36)and the tumor cell population,focusing exclusively on the action of this interleukin and on the antitumor consequences of the so modified CAR-T cells.Mathematical model was developed and numerical simulations were carried out during this research.The development of the model with stability analysis by conditions of Routh–Hurwitz shows how IL-36 makes CAR-T cells more efficient and persistent over time and more effective in the antitumoral treatment,making therapy more effective against the“solid tumor”.Findings:Primary malignant bone tumors are quite rare(about 3%of all tumors)and the vast majority consist of osteosarcomas and Ewing’s sarcoma and,approximately,the 20%of patients undergo metastasis situations that is the most likely cause of death.Interpretation:In bone tumor like osteosarcoma,there is a variation of the cellular mechanical characteristics that can influence the efficacy of chemotherapy and increase the metastatic capacity;an approach related to adoptive immunotherapy with CAR-T cells may be a possible solution because this type of therapy is not influenced by the biomechanics of cancer cells which show peculiar characteristics.
