Although the effectiveness of a tuned viscous mass damper(TVMD)as an inerter-based device for vibration control in civil structures has been thoroughly investigated,there is a lack of systematic research regarding the...Although the effectiveness of a tuned viscous mass damper(TVMD)as an inerter-based device for vibration control in civil structures has been thoroughly investigated,there is a lack of systematic research regarding the application of TVMDs for seismic response control of industrial buildings coupled with mechanical equipment.Therefore,this study proposes ungrounded and grounded TVMDs to effectively utilize the mass of the mechanical equipment and fully exploit the capabilities of the inerter element.An optimal design methodology is developed by pursuing the maximum effective damping ratio and seeking the most rational TVMD control scheme.Validation of TVMD control performance is conducted through time-history analysis based on 20 real seismic ground motions recommended by ATC-40,and by providing a barrel mixer industrial building as a real-life numerical example.The results show that both an ungrounded and grounded TVMD can effectively mitigate the seismic response of the primary structure.Compared to the traditional tuned mass damper(TMD),TVMDs can obtain improved control performance for a given equipment mass ratio.Moreover,an ungrounded TVMD and a TMD show similar working mechanisms that tend to release the displacement of equipment to keep their optimal state,whereas equipment displacement for a grounded TVMD should be strictly limited to provide sufficient anti-force.展开更多
China Standardization:Can you please briefly introduce ISO,its international standards as well as your scope of work?Rachel Miller Prada:ISO is an independent non-governmental organization dedicated to developing inte...China Standardization:Can you please briefly introduce ISO,its international standards as well as your scope of work?Rachel Miller Prada:ISO is an independent non-governmental organization dedicated to developing international standards.Currently,ISO has 175 member bodies,representing 175 countries that participate in its standard development work.We have a portfolio of over 24,000 international standards,with around 100 new standards issued or existing ones revised every month.The ultimate goal of our standardization work is to support the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Every standard we develop and every task I undertake in my role contributes to these global objectives.展开更多
Energy-saving buildings(ESBs)are an emerging green technology that can significantly reduce building-associated cooling and heating energy consumption,catering to the desire for carbon neutrality and sustainable devel...Energy-saving buildings(ESBs)are an emerging green technology that can significantly reduce building-associated cooling and heating energy consumption,catering to the desire for carbon neutrality and sustainable development of society.Smart photovoltaic windows(SPWs)offer a promising platform for designing ESBs because they present the capability to regulate and harness solar energy.With frequent outbreaks of extreme weather all over the world,the achievement of exceptional energy-saving effect under different weather conditions is an inevitable trend for the development of ESBs but is hardly achieved via existing SPWs.Here,we substantially reduce the driving voltage of polymerdispersed liquid crystals(PDLCs)by 28.1%via molecular engineering while maintaining their high solar transmittance(T_(sol)=83.8%,transparent state)and solar modulating ability(ΔT_(sol)=80.5%).By the assembly of perovskite solar cell and a broadband thermal-managing unit encompassing the electrical-responsive PDLCs,transparent high-emissivity SiO_(2) passive radiation-cooling,and Ag low-emissivity layers possesses,we present a tri-band regulation and split-type SPW possessing superb energy-saving effect in all-season.The perovskite solar cell can produce the electric power to stimulate the electrical-responsive behavior of the PDLCs,endowing the SPWs zero-energy input solar energy regulating characteristic,and compensate the daily energy consumption needed for ESBs.Moreover,the scalable manufacturing technology holds a great potential for the real-world applications.展开更多
Curtain wall systems have evolved from aesthetic facade elements into multifunctional building envelopes that actively contribute to energy efficiency and climate responsiveness.This reviewpresents a comprehensive exa...Curtain wall systems have evolved from aesthetic facade elements into multifunctional building envelopes that actively contribute to energy efficiency and climate responsiveness.This reviewpresents a comprehensive examination of curtain walls from an energy-engineering perspective,highlighting their structural typologies(Stick and Unitized),material configurations,and integration with smart technologies such as electrochromic glazing,parametric design algorithms,and Building Management Systems(BMS).Thestudy explores the thermal,acoustic,and solar performance of curtain walls across various climatic zones,supported by comparative analyses and iconic case studies including Apple Park,Burj Khalifa,and Milad Tower.Key challenges—including installation complexity,high maintenance costs,and climate sensitivity—are critically assessed alongside proposed solutions.A central innovation of this work lies in framing curtain walls not only as passive architectural elements but as dynamic interfaces that modulate energy flows,reduce HVAC loads,and enhance occupant comfort.The reviewed data indicate that optimized curtain wall configurations—especially those integrating electrochromic glazing and BIPV modules—can achieve annual energy consumption reductions ranging fromapproximately 5%to 27%,depending on climate,control strategy,and facade typology.The findings offer a valuable reference for architects,energy engineers,and decision-makers seeking to integrate high-performance facades into future-ready building designs.展开更多
Taking the Changli Institute of Pomology,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(hereinafter referred to as the Changli Institute of Pomology)as a case study,this paper explores the practical pathways throu...Taking the Changli Institute of Pomology,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(hereinafter referred to as the Changli Institute of Pomology)as a case study,this paper explores the practical pathways through which Party building leads to the high-quality development of fruit tree research from three dimensions:theoretical convergence points,current development status,and functional mechanisms.It proposes that Party building should focus on its core roles of steering political direction,enhancing team cohesion,and upholding ethical standards.Deep integration of Party building and scientific research should be achieved through concrete platforms,with the effectiveness measured by breakthroughs in critical"bottleneck"technologies and increased income for fruit growers.The study aims to provide a practical reference for integrating Party building with professional work in the agricultural research sector.展开更多
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/350/suppl/CV olume 350,1 January 2026[OA]( 1)Rooftop agrivoltaic powered onsite hydrogenp roduction for insulated gasochromic smart glazing and hydrogen v...https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/350/suppl/CV olume 350,1 January 2026[OA]( 1)Rooftop agrivoltaic powered onsite hydrogenp roduction for insulated gasochromic smart glazing and hydrogen vehicles:A holistic approach to sustainabler esidential building by Shanza Neda Hussain,Aritra Ghosh,Article 116675 A bstract:The study focused on designing a sustainable buildingi nvolving rooftop agrivoltaics,advanced glazing technologies ando nsite hydrogen production for a residential property in Birmingham,UK where green hydrogen produced by harnessinge lectricity generated by agrivoltaics system on rooftop of the building is employed to change the transparency of vacuum gasochromic glazing and refuel hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicle using storage hydrogen for a sustainable building approach.展开更多
The goal of the present work is to demonstrate the potential of Artificial Neural Network(ANN)-driven Genetic Algorithm(GA)methods for energy efficiency and economic performance optimization of energy efficiency measu...The goal of the present work is to demonstrate the potential of Artificial Neural Network(ANN)-driven Genetic Algorithm(GA)methods for energy efficiency and economic performance optimization of energy efficiency measures in a multi-family house building in Greece.The energy efficiency measures include different heating/cooling systems(such as low-temperature and high-temperature heat pumps,natural gas boilers,split units),building envelope components for floor,walls,roof and windows of variable heat transfer coefficients,the installation of solar thermal collectors and PVs.The calculations of the building loads and investment and operating and maintenance costs of the measures are based on the methodology defined in Directive 2010/31/EU,while economic assumptions are based on EN 15459-1 standard.Typically,multi-objective optimization of energy efficiency measures often requires the simulation of very large numbers of cases involving numerous possible combinations,resulting in intense computational load.The results of the study indicate that ANN-driven GA methods can be used as an alternative,valuable tool for reliably predicting the optimal measures which minimize primary energy consumption and life cycle cost of the building with greatly reduced computational requirements.Through GA methods,the computational time needed for obtaining the optimal solutions is reduced by 96.4%-96.8%.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significan...Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.展开更多
On March 28,2025,an M_(w) 7.7 earthquake struck near Mandalay,Myanmar,producing intense ground shaking.Strong motion recorded at a station close to the fault indicated a peak ground acceleration of 1.066 g in the vert...On March 28,2025,an M_(w) 7.7 earthquake struck near Mandalay,Myanmar,producing intense ground shaking.Strong motion recorded at a station close to the fault indicated a peak ground acceleration of 1.066 g in the vertical direction and 0.631 g in the horizontal direction.The earthquake caused collapse or severe damage of numerous buildings,resulting in thousands of fatalities and injuries,as well as substantial economic losses.The authors participated in the post-earthquake emergency response as members of the China Search and Rescue Team.During the rescue operations,an investigation into the characteristics of collapsed structures was conducted and the stability of building debris was assessed to ensure the safety of rescue efforts.Subsequently,a rapid seismic safety assessment of affected structures was carried out,including nine city residential blocks,two hospitals,and two apartments.Preliminary analyses indicate that the main causes of structural failure were insufficient cross-sectional dimensions of beams and columns,inadequate stirrup reinforcement,and lack of structural redundancy.展开更多
Buildings are crucial for achieving carbon reduction and mitigating climate change.China's dual-carbon strategy includes ambitious goals for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the building sector.However,clea...Buildings are crucial for achieving carbon reduction and mitigating climate change.China's dual-carbon strategy includes ambitious goals for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the building sector.However,clear technical pathways and roadmaps for achieving these objectives remain lacking.In this study,we examined the trajectory and characteristics of energy consumption and emissions in China's building sector and conducted future scenario analyses informed by global comparative studies.Ecological development pathways were proposed as target scenarios to achieve carbon neutrality in the building sector.Detailed pathways to achieve carbon neutrality were delineated,covering various tasks and timelines.These included managing building stocks,improving energy efficiency and sufficiency,promoting electrification,implementing photovoltaic-energy storage-direct current-flexibility(PEDF)buildings,decarbonizing heating systems,and developing new energy systems for rural areas.In addition,we discussed and recommended policy measures to enhance building service provisions within the framework of the ecological development concept and promote key technologies within the context of a low-carbon energy system transition.The findings of this study provide high-level recommendations for policymakers in the building and energy sectors and offer insights into technological perspectives and development targets for future research and engineering practice.展开更多
Accurately identifying building distribution from remote sensing images with complex background information is challenging.The emergence of diffusion models has prompted the innovative idea of employing the reverse de...Accurately identifying building distribution from remote sensing images with complex background information is challenging.The emergence of diffusion models has prompted the innovative idea of employing the reverse denoising process to distill building distribution from these complex backgrounds.Building on this concept,we propose a novel framework,building extraction diffusion model(BEDiff),which meticulously refines the extraction of building footprints from remote sensing images in a stepwise fashion.Our approach begins with the design of booster guidance,a mechanism that extracts structural and semantic features from remote sensing images to serve as priors,thereby providing targeted guidance for the diffusion process.Additionally,we introduce a cross-feature fusion module(CFM)that bridges the semantic gap between different types of features,facilitating the integration of the attributes extracted by booster guidance into the diffusion process more effectively.Our proposed BEDiff marks the first application of diffusion models to the task of building extraction.Empirical evidence from extensive experiments on the Beijing building dataset demonstrates the superior performance of BEDiff,affirming its effectiveness and potential for enhancing the accuracy of building extraction in complex urban landscapes.展开更多
This work’s aim is to participate in local materials (raw or fiber improved), which can be used in sustainable and accessible buildings to every Senegalese. To do this, studied materials are respectively collected fr...This work’s aim is to participate in local materials (raw or fiber improved), which can be used in sustainable and accessible buildings to every Senegalese. To do this, studied materials are respectively collected from a laterite clay pit in Ndouloumadjie Dembe (Matam, Northern Senegal) and another from a termite mound in Tattaguine (Fatick, Central Senegal). These samples are first subjected to Geotechnical identification tests. Mud bricks are then made with raw or sifted millet involucre improved to 1%, 2%, and 3% at 5 mm sieve samples. These briquettes are subjected to compression tests and thermal evaluations. Lagrange and Newton methods of numeric modelling are used to test the whole mixture points between 1% and 3% millet involucre for a better correlation between mechanical and thermal parameters. The results show that in Matam, as well as in Tattaguine, these muds, raw or improved, are of good thermomechanical quality when they are used in bricks making. And the thermomechanical coupling quality reaches a maximum situated at 2.125% for Ndouloumadjie and 2.05% for Tattaguine. These briquettes’ building quality depends on the mud content used in iron, aluminum, silica and clay. Thus, same natural materials can be used in the establishment of habitats according to their geotechnical, chemical, mechanical and thermal characteristics.展开更多
This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the a...This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the architectural education initiatives undertaken by firms specializing in large-scale wood construction design in both countries.The target applications for large-scale wooden construction are residential,commercial,and public buildings.Comparing university education revealed many commonalities between the two countries,allowing them to be classified into two types:“seminar-centered”and“lecture-centered”.Japanese universities are categorized by building type and scale for educational purposes.Finnish universities focus their education on the properties and functions of wood.Based on these results,we infer that incorporating both Japan’s architecture-planning-focused education and Finland’s materials-focused education into teaching,using familiar housing buildings as a theme,will lead to the wider adoption of large-scale wooden construction.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.52408327 and 52278306Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.2022SK2096+3 种基金Science and Technology Progress and Innovation Project of the Department of Transportation of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.201912Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.2024JJ6198Scientific Research Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.25A0645Emergency Management Science and Technology Project of the Emergency Management Department of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.yjtkjxm_202406。
文摘Although the effectiveness of a tuned viscous mass damper(TVMD)as an inerter-based device for vibration control in civil structures has been thoroughly investigated,there is a lack of systematic research regarding the application of TVMDs for seismic response control of industrial buildings coupled with mechanical equipment.Therefore,this study proposes ungrounded and grounded TVMDs to effectively utilize the mass of the mechanical equipment and fully exploit the capabilities of the inerter element.An optimal design methodology is developed by pursuing the maximum effective damping ratio and seeking the most rational TVMD control scheme.Validation of TVMD control performance is conducted through time-history analysis based on 20 real seismic ground motions recommended by ATC-40,and by providing a barrel mixer industrial building as a real-life numerical example.The results show that both an ungrounded and grounded TVMD can effectively mitigate the seismic response of the primary structure.Compared to the traditional tuned mass damper(TMD),TVMDs can obtain improved control performance for a given equipment mass ratio.Moreover,an ungrounded TVMD and a TMD show similar working mechanisms that tend to release the displacement of equipment to keep their optimal state,whereas equipment displacement for a grounded TVMD should be strictly limited to provide sufficient anti-force.
文摘China Standardization:Can you please briefly introduce ISO,its international standards as well as your scope of work?Rachel Miller Prada:ISO is an independent non-governmental organization dedicated to developing international standards.Currently,ISO has 175 member bodies,representing 175 countries that participate in its standard development work.We have a portfolio of over 24,000 international standards,with around 100 new standards issued or existing ones revised every month.The ultimate goal of our standardization work is to support the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Every standard we develop and every task I undertake in my role contributes to these global objectives.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52372076,52073081,52203322,5252200843)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2023YFB3812800)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-25-073)。
文摘Energy-saving buildings(ESBs)are an emerging green technology that can significantly reduce building-associated cooling and heating energy consumption,catering to the desire for carbon neutrality and sustainable development of society.Smart photovoltaic windows(SPWs)offer a promising platform for designing ESBs because they present the capability to regulate and harness solar energy.With frequent outbreaks of extreme weather all over the world,the achievement of exceptional energy-saving effect under different weather conditions is an inevitable trend for the development of ESBs but is hardly achieved via existing SPWs.Here,we substantially reduce the driving voltage of polymerdispersed liquid crystals(PDLCs)by 28.1%via molecular engineering while maintaining their high solar transmittance(T_(sol)=83.8%,transparent state)and solar modulating ability(ΔT_(sol)=80.5%).By the assembly of perovskite solar cell and a broadband thermal-managing unit encompassing the electrical-responsive PDLCs,transparent high-emissivity SiO_(2) passive radiation-cooling,and Ag low-emissivity layers possesses,we present a tri-band regulation and split-type SPW possessing superb energy-saving effect in all-season.The perovskite solar cell can produce the electric power to stimulate the electrical-responsive behavior of the PDLCs,endowing the SPWs zero-energy input solar energy regulating characteristic,and compensate the daily energy consumption needed for ESBs.Moreover,the scalable manufacturing technology holds a great potential for the real-world applications.
文摘Curtain wall systems have evolved from aesthetic facade elements into multifunctional building envelopes that actively contribute to energy efficiency and climate responsiveness.This reviewpresents a comprehensive examination of curtain walls from an energy-engineering perspective,highlighting their structural typologies(Stick and Unitized),material configurations,and integration with smart technologies such as electrochromic glazing,parametric design algorithms,and Building Management Systems(BMS).Thestudy explores the thermal,acoustic,and solar performance of curtain walls across various climatic zones,supported by comparative analyses and iconic case studies including Apple Park,Burj Khalifa,and Milad Tower.Key challenges—including installation complexity,high maintenance costs,and climate sensitivity—are critically assessed alongside proposed solutions.A central innovation of this work lies in framing curtain walls not only as passive architectural elements but as dynamic interfaces that modulate energy flows,reduce HVAC loads,and enhance occupant comfort.The reviewed data indicate that optimized curtain wall configurations—especially those integrating electrochromic glazing and BIPV modules—can achieve annual energy consumption reductions ranging fromapproximately 5%to 27%,depending on climate,control strategy,and facade typology.The findings offer a valuable reference for architects,energy engineers,and decision-makers seeking to integrate high-performance facades into future-ready building designs.
基金Supported by Qinhuangdao Social Sciences Development Research Project(2025LX378).
文摘Taking the Changli Institute of Pomology,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(hereinafter referred to as the Changli Institute of Pomology)as a case study,this paper explores the practical pathways through which Party building leads to the high-quality development of fruit tree research from three dimensions:theoretical convergence points,current development status,and functional mechanisms.It proposes that Party building should focus on its core roles of steering political direction,enhancing team cohesion,and upholding ethical standards.Deep integration of Party building and scientific research should be achieved through concrete platforms,with the effectiveness measured by breakthroughs in critical"bottleneck"technologies and increased income for fruit growers.The study aims to provide a practical reference for integrating Party building with professional work in the agricultural research sector.
文摘https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/350/suppl/CV olume 350,1 January 2026[OA]( 1)Rooftop agrivoltaic powered onsite hydrogenp roduction for insulated gasochromic smart glazing and hydrogen vehicles:A holistic approach to sustainabler esidential building by Shanza Neda Hussain,Aritra Ghosh,Article 116675 A bstract:The study focused on designing a sustainable buildingi nvolving rooftop agrivoltaics,advanced glazing technologies ando nsite hydrogen production for a residential property in Birmingham,UK where green hydrogen produced by harnessinge lectricity generated by agrivoltaics system on rooftop of the building is employed to change the transparency of vacuum gasochromic glazing and refuel hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicle using storage hydrogen for a sustainable building approach.
文摘The goal of the present work is to demonstrate the potential of Artificial Neural Network(ANN)-driven Genetic Algorithm(GA)methods for energy efficiency and economic performance optimization of energy efficiency measures in a multi-family house building in Greece.The energy efficiency measures include different heating/cooling systems(such as low-temperature and high-temperature heat pumps,natural gas boilers,split units),building envelope components for floor,walls,roof and windows of variable heat transfer coefficients,the installation of solar thermal collectors and PVs.The calculations of the building loads and investment and operating and maintenance costs of the measures are based on the methodology defined in Directive 2010/31/EU,while economic assumptions are based on EN 15459-1 standard.Typically,multi-objective optimization of energy efficiency measures often requires the simulation of very large numbers of cases involving numerous possible combinations,resulting in intense computational load.The results of the study indicate that ANN-driven GA methods can be used as an alternative,valuable tool for reliably predicting the optimal measures which minimize primary energy consumption and life cycle cost of the building with greatly reduced computational requirements.Through GA methods,the computational time needed for obtaining the optimal solutions is reduced by 96.4%-96.8%.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(42225107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001326,42371414,42171409,and 42271419)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(2022A1515012207)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning(202201011539)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars under Grant No.52125806Scientific Research Fund of Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration under Grant No.2021B03。
文摘On March 28,2025,an M_(w) 7.7 earthquake struck near Mandalay,Myanmar,producing intense ground shaking.Strong motion recorded at a station close to the fault indicated a peak ground acceleration of 1.066 g in the vertical direction and 0.631 g in the horizontal direction.The earthquake caused collapse or severe damage of numerous buildings,resulting in thousands of fatalities and injuries,as well as substantial economic losses.The authors participated in the post-earthquake emergency response as members of the China Search and Rescue Team.During the rescue operations,an investigation into the characteristics of collapsed structures was conducted and the stability of building debris was assessed to ensure the safety of rescue efforts.Subsequently,a rapid seismic safety assessment of affected structures was carried out,including nine city residential blocks,two hospitals,and two apartments.Preliminary analyses indicate that the main causes of structural failure were insufficient cross-sectional dimensions of beams and columns,inadequate stirrup reinforcement,and lack of structural redundancy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52478095 and 72261147760)the Chinese Academy of Engineering Project"Low-Carbon Transition Strategy and Pathways for Urban and Rural Energy Supply Systems in China"(2023-XBZD-07)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20240874)。
文摘Buildings are crucial for achieving carbon reduction and mitigating climate change.China's dual-carbon strategy includes ambitious goals for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the building sector.However,clear technical pathways and roadmaps for achieving these objectives remain lacking.In this study,we examined the trajectory and characteristics of energy consumption and emissions in China's building sector and conducted future scenario analyses informed by global comparative studies.Ecological development pathways were proposed as target scenarios to achieve carbon neutrality in the building sector.Detailed pathways to achieve carbon neutrality were delineated,covering various tasks and timelines.These included managing building stocks,improving energy efficiency and sufficiency,promoting electrification,implementing photovoltaic-energy storage-direct current-flexibility(PEDF)buildings,decarbonizing heating systems,and developing new energy systems for rural areas.In addition,we discussed and recommended policy measures to enhance building service provisions within the framework of the ecological development concept and promote key technologies within the context of a low-carbon energy system transition.The findings of this study provide high-level recommendations for policymakers in the building and energy sectors and offer insights into technological perspectives and development targets for future research and engineering practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61906168,62202429 and 62272267)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY23F020023)the Construction of Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Intelligent Visual Monitoring of Hydropower Projects(No.2022SDSJ01)。
文摘Accurately identifying building distribution from remote sensing images with complex background information is challenging.The emergence of diffusion models has prompted the innovative idea of employing the reverse denoising process to distill building distribution from these complex backgrounds.Building on this concept,we propose a novel framework,building extraction diffusion model(BEDiff),which meticulously refines the extraction of building footprints from remote sensing images in a stepwise fashion.Our approach begins with the design of booster guidance,a mechanism that extracts structural and semantic features from remote sensing images to serve as priors,thereby providing targeted guidance for the diffusion process.Additionally,we introduce a cross-feature fusion module(CFM)that bridges the semantic gap between different types of features,facilitating the integration of the attributes extracted by booster guidance into the diffusion process more effectively.Our proposed BEDiff marks the first application of diffusion models to the task of building extraction.Empirical evidence from extensive experiments on the Beijing building dataset demonstrates the superior performance of BEDiff,affirming its effectiveness and potential for enhancing the accuracy of building extraction in complex urban landscapes.
文摘This work’s aim is to participate in local materials (raw or fiber improved), which can be used in sustainable and accessible buildings to every Senegalese. To do this, studied materials are respectively collected from a laterite clay pit in Ndouloumadjie Dembe (Matam, Northern Senegal) and another from a termite mound in Tattaguine (Fatick, Central Senegal). These samples are first subjected to Geotechnical identification tests. Mud bricks are then made with raw or sifted millet involucre improved to 1%, 2%, and 3% at 5 mm sieve samples. These briquettes are subjected to compression tests and thermal evaluations. Lagrange and Newton methods of numeric modelling are used to test the whole mixture points between 1% and 3% millet involucre for a better correlation between mechanical and thermal parameters. The results show that in Matam, as well as in Tattaguine, these muds, raw or improved, are of good thermomechanical quality when they are used in bricks making. And the thermomechanical coupling quality reaches a maximum situated at 2.125% for Ndouloumadjie and 2.05% for Tattaguine. These briquettes’ building quality depends on the mud content used in iron, aluminum, silica and clay. Thus, same natural materials can be used in the establishment of habitats according to their geotechnical, chemical, mechanical and thermal characteristics.
基金supported by the Sugiyama Jogakuen University’s School Research Fund.
文摘This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the architectural education initiatives undertaken by firms specializing in large-scale wood construction design in both countries.The target applications for large-scale wooden construction are residential,commercial,and public buildings.Comparing university education revealed many commonalities between the two countries,allowing them to be classified into two types:“seminar-centered”and“lecture-centered”.Japanese universities are categorized by building type and scale for educational purposes.Finnish universities focus their education on the properties and functions of wood.Based on these results,we infer that incorporating both Japan’s architecture-planning-focused education and Finland’s materials-focused education into teaching,using familiar housing buildings as a theme,will lead to the wider adoption of large-scale wooden construction.
