Astrocyte maturation is crucial for brain function,yet the mechanisms regulating this process remain poorly understood.In this study,we identify the bHLH transcription factors Olig1 and Olig2 as essential coordinators...Astrocyte maturation is crucial for brain function,yet the mechanisms regulating this process remain poorly understood.In this study,we identify the bHLH transcription factors Olig1 and Olig2 as essential coordinators of cortical astrocyte maturation.We demonstrate that Olig1 and Olig2 work synergistically to regulate cortical astrocyte maturation by modulating Bmp7 expression.Genetic ablation of both Olig1 and Olig2 results in defective astrocyte morphology,including reduced process complexity and an immature gene expression profile.Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a shift towards a less mature astrocyte state,marked by elevated levels of HOPX and GFAP,resembling human astrocytes.Mechanistically,Olig1 and Olig2 bind directly to the Bmp7 enhancer,repressing its expression to promote astrocyte maturation.Overexpression of Bmp7 in vivo replicates the astrocyte defects seen in Olig1/2 double mutants,confirming the critical role of BMP7 signaling in this process.These findings provide insights into the transcriptional and signaling pathways regulating astrocyte development and highlight Olig1 and Olig2 as key regulators of cortical astrocyte maturation,with potential implications for understanding glial dysfunction in neurological diseases.展开更多
二膦酸盐不仅特异性抑制破骨细胞,同时对成骨细胞也起一定的作用.用酶消化法取乳鼠颅盖骨进行成骨细胞培养,分为空白对照组、阿仑膦酸钠高、中、低剂量组.从BMP-2/Smads/Runx2/Osterix信号通路角度观察二膦酸盐对成骨细胞分化的作用.结...二膦酸盐不仅特异性抑制破骨细胞,同时对成骨细胞也起一定的作用.用酶消化法取乳鼠颅盖骨进行成骨细胞培养,分为空白对照组、阿仑膦酸钠高、中、低剂量组.从BMP-2/Smads/Runx2/Osterix信号通路角度观察二膦酸盐对成骨细胞分化的作用.结果显示:比色法结果显示干预2和4d后各剂量阿仑膦酸钠组的碱性膦酸酶(AKP)显著增加,其中中剂量组表达最高,各组明显高于空白对照组(p<0.05),第6天各剂量阿仑膦酸钠组AKP逐渐下降,与空白对照组比较,无统计学意义(p>0.05);ELISA结果显示随着天数增加各剂量阿仑膦酸钠组的BMP-2逐渐增加,其中中剂量组表达最高,各组明显高于空白对照组(p<0.05),干预2和4d后各剂量阿仑膦酸钠组的I型胶原(Collagen Type I)显著增加,其中中剂量组表达最高,各组明显高于空白对照组(p<0.05),第6天各剂量阿仑膦酸钠组Collagen Type I逐渐下降,空白对照组随着天数逐渐增加,但均低于同时期用药组(p<0.05);荧光定量PCR(qPCR)检测结果显示BMP-2、Smad1/5、Runx2和Osterix mRNA表达在干预后,随着时间的延长,逐渐上升;阿仑膦酸钠组的含量高于同期的空白对照组.提示阿伦膦酸钠能刺激成骨细胞增殖,增强BMP、AKP活性,通过BMP-2/Smads/Runx2/Osterix通路上调相关基因表达,促进成骨细胞分化.展开更多
目的该研究利用叶酸拮抗剂甲氨喋呤（MTX）构建叶酸生物学活性受抑制的斑马鱼模型后，观察叶酸生物学活性受抑后对斑马鱼心脏发育的干扰作用以及对斑马鱼心脏发育相关基因BMP2b及HAS2表达的影响。方法用不同浓度的MTX处理不同发育时段...目的该研究利用叶酸拮抗剂甲氨喋呤（MTX）构建叶酸生物学活性受抑制的斑马鱼模型后，观察叶酸生物学活性受抑后对斑马鱼心脏发育的干扰作用以及对斑马鱼心脏发育相关基因BMP2b及HAS2表达的影响。方法用不同浓度的MTX处理不同发育时段的斑马鱼胚胎，于48hpf（hours post fertilization）观察胚胎心脏发育情况并计数各组心脏发育异常个体的百分比及心率，评定MTX对斑马鱼心脏发育的影响程度。用1．5×10^-3M的MTX处理6～10hpf发育时段的斑马鱼胚胎作为MTX处理组。于24hpf及48hpf在显微镜下观察MTX处理组斑马鱼胚胎心脏发育情况。借助胚胎整体原位杂交和Real-time PCR的方法检测BMP2b和HAS2在正常对照组及MTX处理组胚胎的表达水平。结果胚胎早期发育阶段6～12hpf是斑马鱼胚胎对MTX的敏感时期。显微镜下观察结果显示MTX处理组斑马鱼心脏发育延迟，并有心脏形态发育明显异常。胚胎整体原位杂交结果显示MTX处理组斑马鱼心脏发育相关基因BMP2b及HAS2在心脏的表达于36hpf及48hpf下调。Real-time PCR结果显示MTX处理组斑马鱼BMP2b的相对表达量在12，24，36及48hpf减少，HAS2的相对表达量在24，36及48hpf减少。结论叶酸生物学活性受抑对早期胚胎的心脏发育影响较大，可导致斑马鱼心脏发育延迟及心脏形态异常，并下调斑马鱼心脏发育相关基因BMP2b及HAS2的表达，这可能是叶酸生物学活性受抑后导致心脏发育异常的机制之一。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82271197,81974175,31820103006,32070971,32200792,32200776).
文摘Astrocyte maturation is crucial for brain function,yet the mechanisms regulating this process remain poorly understood.In this study,we identify the bHLH transcription factors Olig1 and Olig2 as essential coordinators of cortical astrocyte maturation.We demonstrate that Olig1 and Olig2 work synergistically to regulate cortical astrocyte maturation by modulating Bmp7 expression.Genetic ablation of both Olig1 and Olig2 results in defective astrocyte morphology,including reduced process complexity and an immature gene expression profile.Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a shift towards a less mature astrocyte state,marked by elevated levels of HOPX and GFAP,resembling human astrocytes.Mechanistically,Olig1 and Olig2 bind directly to the Bmp7 enhancer,repressing its expression to promote astrocyte maturation.Overexpression of Bmp7 in vivo replicates the astrocyte defects seen in Olig1/2 double mutants,confirming the critical role of BMP7 signaling in this process.These findings provide insights into the transcriptional and signaling pathways regulating astrocyte development and highlight Olig1 and Olig2 as key regulators of cortical astrocyte maturation,with potential implications for understanding glial dysfunction in neurological diseases.
文摘二膦酸盐不仅特异性抑制破骨细胞,同时对成骨细胞也起一定的作用.用酶消化法取乳鼠颅盖骨进行成骨细胞培养,分为空白对照组、阿仑膦酸钠高、中、低剂量组.从BMP-2/Smads/Runx2/Osterix信号通路角度观察二膦酸盐对成骨细胞分化的作用.结果显示:比色法结果显示干预2和4d后各剂量阿仑膦酸钠组的碱性膦酸酶(AKP)显著增加,其中中剂量组表达最高,各组明显高于空白对照组(p<0.05),第6天各剂量阿仑膦酸钠组AKP逐渐下降,与空白对照组比较,无统计学意义(p>0.05);ELISA结果显示随着天数增加各剂量阿仑膦酸钠组的BMP-2逐渐增加,其中中剂量组表达最高,各组明显高于空白对照组(p<0.05),干预2和4d后各剂量阿仑膦酸钠组的I型胶原(Collagen Type I)显著增加,其中中剂量组表达最高,各组明显高于空白对照组(p<0.05),第6天各剂量阿仑膦酸钠组Collagen Type I逐渐下降,空白对照组随着天数逐渐增加,但均低于同时期用药组(p<0.05);荧光定量PCR(qPCR)检测结果显示BMP-2、Smad1/5、Runx2和Osterix mRNA表达在干预后,随着时间的延长,逐渐上升;阿仑膦酸钠组的含量高于同期的空白对照组.提示阿伦膦酸钠能刺激成骨细胞增殖,增强BMP、AKP活性,通过BMP-2/Smads/Runx2/Osterix通路上调相关基因表达,促进成骨细胞分化.
文摘目的该研究利用叶酸拮抗剂甲氨喋呤（MTX）构建叶酸生物学活性受抑制的斑马鱼模型后，观察叶酸生物学活性受抑后对斑马鱼心脏发育的干扰作用以及对斑马鱼心脏发育相关基因BMP2b及HAS2表达的影响。方法用不同浓度的MTX处理不同发育时段的斑马鱼胚胎，于48hpf（hours post fertilization）观察胚胎心脏发育情况并计数各组心脏发育异常个体的百分比及心率，评定MTX对斑马鱼心脏发育的影响程度。用1．5×10^-3M的MTX处理6～10hpf发育时段的斑马鱼胚胎作为MTX处理组。于24hpf及48hpf在显微镜下观察MTX处理组斑马鱼胚胎心脏发育情况。借助胚胎整体原位杂交和Real-time PCR的方法检测BMP2b和HAS2在正常对照组及MTX处理组胚胎的表达水平。结果胚胎早期发育阶段6～12hpf是斑马鱼胚胎对MTX的敏感时期。显微镜下观察结果显示MTX处理组斑马鱼心脏发育延迟，并有心脏形态发育明显异常。胚胎整体原位杂交结果显示MTX处理组斑马鱼心脏发育相关基因BMP2b及HAS2在心脏的表达于36hpf及48hpf下调。Real-time PCR结果显示MTX处理组斑马鱼BMP2b的相对表达量在12，24，36及48hpf减少，HAS2的相对表达量在24，36及48hpf减少。结论叶酸生物学活性受抑对早期胚胎的心脏发育影响较大，可导致斑马鱼心脏发育延迟及心脏形态异常，并下调斑马鱼心脏发育相关基因BMP2b及HAS2的表达，这可能是叶酸生物学活性受抑后导致心脏发育异常的机制之一。
