Neuro-oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species has been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease(PD).Polydeoxyribonucleotide(PDRN),a DNA-derived biopolymer with reporte...Neuro-oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species has been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease(PD).Polydeoxyribonucleotide(PDRN),a DNA-derived biopolymer with reported anti-inflammatory properties,has not been fully explored in the context of PD.In this study,PDRN purified from heat-inactivated Enterococcus faecium FBL1(HEF PDRN)was structurally characterized by electrophoresis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Its cytoprotective effects were evaluated in MPTPinduced SH-SY5Y and C2C12 cells,and its in vivo effects were examined in an MPTP-induced PD mouse model using behavioral assays,histological analysis,transcriptomics,and molecular profiling.HEF PDRN treatment was associated with improved motor performance in rotarod,grip strength,and wire-hanging tests,as well as reduced immobility in the forced swim test.Histological and immunohistochemical analyses indicated attenuation of MPTP-induced muscle damage,preservation of dopaminergic neurons,and reducedα-synuclein aggregation.Transcriptomic analysis revealed attenuation of MPTP-induced suppression of neuroprotective(Park7,and Sqstm1),myogenic(Myf5,MyoG,and Myh1),and osteogenic-associated(Bmp2,Runx2,and Wnt5b)gene expression,with enrichment of Wnt/β-catenin and BMP/SMAD signaling pathways.These effects were accompanied by modulation of MAPK signaling and activation of the adenosine A2A receptor,together with changes inβ-catenin levels.Overall,HEF PDRN may represent a food fermentation-derived bioactive compound associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory signaling responses,along with modulation of MAPKmediated BMP/SMAD/Wnt pathways,under neuro-oxidative stress.These findings suggest its potential relevance for the development of functional food ingredients targeting neuroprotective and neuromuscularassociated responses within an acute neurotoxicity model.展开更多
目的基于大鼠骨形态发生蛋白2(bone morphogenetic protein2,BMP2)/Smad家族成员1(smad family member 1,Smad1)通路,探究重组人转化生长因子-β1(recombinant human transforming growth factor-β1,rhTGF-β1)对正畸牙移动(orthodonti...目的基于大鼠骨形态发生蛋白2(bone morphogenetic protein2,BMP2)/Smad家族成员1(smad family member 1,Smad1)通路,探究重组人转化生长因子-β1(recombinant human transforming growth factor-β1,rhTGF-β1)对正畸牙移动(orthodontic tooth movement,OMT)大鼠破骨细胞形成的影响。方法构建大鼠OTM模型,采用显微CT(Micro-CT)分析测定OTM的距离;通过抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP)染色评估压力侧破骨细胞活性;苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin and eosin,HE)染色评估压力侧组织形态学特征,免疫组化(immunohistochemistry,IHC)染色和蛋白质印迹(Western blot)测定相关蛋白表达水平。结果与正常组相比,Model组大鼠OTM距离增加(P<0.01),牙周间隙明显变窄并出现吸收陷窝,压力侧的基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinases-9,MMP-9)、核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand,RANKL)增加(P<0.01)、骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)表达降低(P<0.01),BMP2/Smad1信号通路被激活(P<0.01)。经BMP2抑制剂Noggin处理后,与Model组相比,BMP2、p-Smad1表达显著降低(P<0.01),OTM距离显著降低(P<0.01),且压力侧的TRAP、MMP-9及RANKL表达均显著降低(P<0.01),OPG升高(P<0.01)。经rhTGF-β1处理的大鼠中,较Model组OTM距离显著增加(P<0.01),TRAP阳性多核细胞数量升高(P<0.01),压力侧的MMP-9及RANKL表达均显著升高(P<0.05)、OPG表达显著降低(P<0.01),且BMP2、p-Smad1表达上调(P<0.01)。此外,rhTGF-β1+Noggin组部分逆转了rhTGF-β1组大鼠的破骨细胞数量的增加效应(P<0.01)。结论正畸力可促进破骨细胞形成,且rhTGF-β1可通过BMP2/Smad1信号通路增强OTM过程中破骨细胞的形成。展开更多
目的:研究丹皮酚对强直性脊柱炎(AS)模型小鼠分泌型糖蛋白(Wnt)和骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)/细胞信号转导分子(Smad)通路的影响,探讨丹皮酚防治AS的机制。方法:将40只小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、柳氮磺吡啶组(阳性对照,9 mg/kg)和丹皮酚组(...目的:研究丹皮酚对强直性脊柱炎(AS)模型小鼠分泌型糖蛋白(Wnt)和骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)/细胞信号转导分子(Smad)通路的影响,探讨丹皮酚防治AS的机制。方法:将40只小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、柳氮磺吡啶组(阳性对照,9 mg/kg)和丹皮酚组(3 mg/kg),每组10只。除正常组外的其余各组小鼠均采用完全弗氏佐剂+蛋白聚糖腹腔注射法复制AS模型。各给药组小鼠在成模后灌胃相应药物,正常组和模型组小鼠灌胃等体积蒸馏水,每天给药1次,连续20 d。末次给药后处死小鼠,透射电镜下观察各组小鼠骶髂关节滑膜细胞超微病理结构变化,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测小鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、Wnt信号通路病理性骨化相关因子(DKK-1)含量,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法检测小鼠滑膜组织中骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP-2)、细胞内核心结合因子α1(Cbfα1)、Smad1 m RNA表达。结果:与正常组比较,模型组小鼠血清中TNF-α含量明显增加、DKK-1含量明显减少,滑膜组织中BMP-2、Cbfα1和Smad1 m RNA表达水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);电镜下可见模型组小鼠滑膜细胞增生,排列紊乱,分泌活性细胞器分泌亢进,细胞间隙增宽。与模型组比较,柳氮磺吡啶组和丹皮酚组小鼠血清中TNF-α含量均明显减少,丹皮酚组小鼠血清中DKK-1含量明显增加,滑膜组织中BMP-2、Cbfα1和Smad1 m RNA表达水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);电镜下可见丹皮酚组小鼠滑膜细胞线粒体、溶酶体、粗面内质网的形态明显改善。结论:丹皮酚防治AS的机制可能与降低血清中TNF-α含量、升高血清中DKK-1含量,下调滑膜细胞中BMP-2、Cbfα1和Smad1 m RNA表达,抑制Wnt和BMP/Smad骨化相关信号转导通路逆转滑膜细胞成骨分化有关。展开更多
Background:Osteoporosis is a chronic bone disease characterized by bone loss and decreased bone strength.However,current anti-resorptive drugs carry a risk of various complications.The deep learning-based efficacy pre...Background:Osteoporosis is a chronic bone disease characterized by bone loss and decreased bone strength.However,current anti-resorptive drugs carry a risk of various complications.The deep learning-based efficacy prediction system(DLEPS)is a forecasting tool that can effectively compete in drug screening and prediction based on gene expression changes.This study aimed to explore the protective effect and potential mechanisms of cinobufotalin(CB),a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),on bone loss.Methods:DLEPS was employed for screening anti-osteoporotic agents according to gene profile changes in primary osteoporosis.Micro-CT,histological and morphological analysis were applied for the bone protective detection of CB,and the osteogenic differentiation/function in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hBMMSCs)were also investigated.The underlying mechanism was verified using qRT-PCR,Western blot(WB),immunofluorescence(IF),etc.Results:A safe concentration(0.25mg/kg in vivo,0.05μM in vitro)of CB could effectively preserve bone mass in estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss and promote osteogenic differentiation/function of hBMMSCs.Both BMPs/SMAD and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways participated in CB-induced osteogenic differentiation,further regulating the expression of osteogenesis-associated factors,and ultimately promoting osteogenesis.Conclusion:Our study demonstrated that CB could significantly reverse estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss,further promoting osteogenic differentiation/function of hBMMSCs,with BMPs/SMAD and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways involved.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic macular edema(DME)is the most common cause of vision loss in people with diabetes.Tight junction disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells has been reported to induce DME development.S...BACKGROUND Diabetic macular edema(DME)is the most common cause of vision loss in people with diabetes.Tight junction disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells has been reported to induce DME development.SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase(SMURF)1 was associated with the tight junctions of cells.However,the mechanism of SMURF1 in the DME process remains unclear.AIM To investigate the role of SMURF1 in RPE cell tight junction during DME.METHODS ARPE-19 cells treated with high glucose(HG)and desferrioxamine mesylate(DFX)for establishment of the DME cell model.DME mice models were constructed by streptozotocin induction.The trans-epithelial electrical resistance and permeability of RPE cells were analyzed.The expressions of tight junction-related and autophagy-related proteins were determined.The interaction between insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2(IGF2BP2)and SMURF1 mRNA was verified by RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP).SMURF1 N6-methyladenosine(m6A)level was detected by methylated RIP.RESULTS SMURF1 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)were upregulated in DME.SMURF1 knockdown reduced HG/DFX-induced autophagy,which protected RPE cell tight junctions and ameliorated retinal damage in DME mice.SMURF1 activated the Wnt/β-catenin-VEGF signaling pathway by promoting WNT inhibitory factor(WIF)1 ubiquitination and degradation.IGF2BP2 upregulated SMURF1 expression in an m6A modification-dependent manner.CONCLUSION M6A-modified SMURF1 promoted WIF1 ubiquitination and degradation,which activated autophagy to inhibit RPE cell tight junctions,ultimately promoting DME progression.展开更多
目的:研究复方黄连胶囊(CRCC)对糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠肾组织TGF-β1/BMP-7表达失衡及其Smad信号通路的调控作用,探讨CRCC对DN大鼠早期肾损伤的作用及其可能机制。方法:以链脲佐菌素(STZ)复制早期DN大鼠模型,动物分为正常组、模型组、消渴...目的:研究复方黄连胶囊(CRCC)对糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠肾组织TGF-β1/BMP-7表达失衡及其Smad信号通路的调控作用,探讨CRCC对DN大鼠早期肾损伤的作用及其可能机制。方法:以链脲佐菌素(STZ)复制早期DN大鼠模型,动物分为正常组、模型组、消渴丸组(0.8 g·kg-1)、依那普利组(1 mg·kg-1)与CRCC低、中、高剂量组(生药含量分别为1.09,2.18,4.36 g·kg-1),灌胃给药,每天1次,5周后生化指标检测空腹血糖(FBG)、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、胰岛素(Ins)、24 h尿蛋白(24 h Upro)及24 h尿微量白蛋白(24 h Um Alb);光镜观察肾组织形态学的改变;免疫组化法检测肾组织TGF-β1,BMP-7,Smad2/3,Smad1/5及Smad7蛋白表达;逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测肾组织TGF-β1和BMP-7 mRNA表达。结果:与模型组比较,各CRCC治疗组均不同程度降低了DN大鼠FBG,BUN,Scr,24 h Upro和24 h Um Alb水平,改善肾组织病理形态学异常,TGF-β1与Smad2/3蛋白表达减少,BMP-7,Smad1/5与Smad7蛋白表达增加,TGF-β1 mRNA表达减少,但BMP-7 mRNA表达未增加。结论:CRCC可改善早期DN大鼠肾功能病变,延缓DN慢性病理进展,其机制可能与通过Smad信号通路调控DN肾组织TGF-β1/BMP-7表达失衡有关。展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of the Republic of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Republic of the Korean Government(MSIT)(RS-2023-NR077274).
文摘Neuro-oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species has been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease(PD).Polydeoxyribonucleotide(PDRN),a DNA-derived biopolymer with reported anti-inflammatory properties,has not been fully explored in the context of PD.In this study,PDRN purified from heat-inactivated Enterococcus faecium FBL1(HEF PDRN)was structurally characterized by electrophoresis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Its cytoprotective effects were evaluated in MPTPinduced SH-SY5Y and C2C12 cells,and its in vivo effects were examined in an MPTP-induced PD mouse model using behavioral assays,histological analysis,transcriptomics,and molecular profiling.HEF PDRN treatment was associated with improved motor performance in rotarod,grip strength,and wire-hanging tests,as well as reduced immobility in the forced swim test.Histological and immunohistochemical analyses indicated attenuation of MPTP-induced muscle damage,preservation of dopaminergic neurons,and reducedα-synuclein aggregation.Transcriptomic analysis revealed attenuation of MPTP-induced suppression of neuroprotective(Park7,and Sqstm1),myogenic(Myf5,MyoG,and Myh1),and osteogenic-associated(Bmp2,Runx2,and Wnt5b)gene expression,with enrichment of Wnt/β-catenin and BMP/SMAD signaling pathways.These effects were accompanied by modulation of MAPK signaling and activation of the adenosine A2A receptor,together with changes inβ-catenin levels.Overall,HEF PDRN may represent a food fermentation-derived bioactive compound associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory signaling responses,along with modulation of MAPKmediated BMP/SMAD/Wnt pathways,under neuro-oxidative stress.These findings suggest its potential relevance for the development of functional food ingredients targeting neuroprotective and neuromuscularassociated responses within an acute neurotoxicity model.
文摘目的基于大鼠骨形态发生蛋白2(bone morphogenetic protein2,BMP2)/Smad家族成员1(smad family member 1,Smad1)通路,探究重组人转化生长因子-β1(recombinant human transforming growth factor-β1,rhTGF-β1)对正畸牙移动(orthodontic tooth movement,OMT)大鼠破骨细胞形成的影响。方法构建大鼠OTM模型,采用显微CT(Micro-CT)分析测定OTM的距离;通过抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP)染色评估压力侧破骨细胞活性;苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin and eosin,HE)染色评估压力侧组织形态学特征,免疫组化(immunohistochemistry,IHC)染色和蛋白质印迹(Western blot)测定相关蛋白表达水平。结果与正常组相比,Model组大鼠OTM距离增加(P<0.01),牙周间隙明显变窄并出现吸收陷窝,压力侧的基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinases-9,MMP-9)、核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand,RANKL)增加(P<0.01)、骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)表达降低(P<0.01),BMP2/Smad1信号通路被激活(P<0.01)。经BMP2抑制剂Noggin处理后,与Model组相比,BMP2、p-Smad1表达显著降低(P<0.01),OTM距离显著降低(P<0.01),且压力侧的TRAP、MMP-9及RANKL表达均显著降低(P<0.01),OPG升高(P<0.01)。经rhTGF-β1处理的大鼠中,较Model组OTM距离显著增加(P<0.01),TRAP阳性多核细胞数量升高(P<0.01),压力侧的MMP-9及RANKL表达均显著升高(P<0.05)、OPG表达显著降低(P<0.01),且BMP2、p-Smad1表达上调(P<0.01)。此外,rhTGF-β1+Noggin组部分逆转了rhTGF-β1组大鼠的破骨细胞数量的增加效应(P<0.01)。结论正畸力可促进破骨细胞形成,且rhTGF-β1可通过BMP2/Smad1信号通路增强OTM过程中破骨细胞的形成。
文摘目的:研究丹皮酚对强直性脊柱炎(AS)模型小鼠分泌型糖蛋白(Wnt)和骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)/细胞信号转导分子(Smad)通路的影响,探讨丹皮酚防治AS的机制。方法:将40只小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、柳氮磺吡啶组(阳性对照,9 mg/kg)和丹皮酚组(3 mg/kg),每组10只。除正常组外的其余各组小鼠均采用完全弗氏佐剂+蛋白聚糖腹腔注射法复制AS模型。各给药组小鼠在成模后灌胃相应药物,正常组和模型组小鼠灌胃等体积蒸馏水,每天给药1次,连续20 d。末次给药后处死小鼠,透射电镜下观察各组小鼠骶髂关节滑膜细胞超微病理结构变化,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测小鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、Wnt信号通路病理性骨化相关因子(DKK-1)含量,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法检测小鼠滑膜组织中骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP-2)、细胞内核心结合因子α1(Cbfα1)、Smad1 m RNA表达。结果:与正常组比较,模型组小鼠血清中TNF-α含量明显增加、DKK-1含量明显减少,滑膜组织中BMP-2、Cbfα1和Smad1 m RNA表达水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);电镜下可见模型组小鼠滑膜细胞增生,排列紊乱,分泌活性细胞器分泌亢进,细胞间隙增宽。与模型组比较,柳氮磺吡啶组和丹皮酚组小鼠血清中TNF-α含量均明显减少,丹皮酚组小鼠血清中DKK-1含量明显增加,滑膜组织中BMP-2、Cbfα1和Smad1 m RNA表达水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);电镜下可见丹皮酚组小鼠滑膜细胞线粒体、溶酶体、粗面内质网的形态明显改善。结论:丹皮酚防治AS的机制可能与降低血清中TNF-α含量、升高血清中DKK-1含量,下调滑膜细胞中BMP-2、Cbfα1和Smad1 m RNA表达,抑制Wnt和BMP/Smad骨化相关信号转导通路逆转滑膜细胞成骨分化有关。
基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:L222145 and L222030Emerging Engineering Interdisciplinary Project and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:PKU2022XGK008Peking University Medicine Fund of Fostering Young Scholars’Scientific&Technological Innovation,Grant/Award Number:BMU2022PY010。
文摘Background:Osteoporosis is a chronic bone disease characterized by bone loss and decreased bone strength.However,current anti-resorptive drugs carry a risk of various complications.The deep learning-based efficacy prediction system(DLEPS)is a forecasting tool that can effectively compete in drug screening and prediction based on gene expression changes.This study aimed to explore the protective effect and potential mechanisms of cinobufotalin(CB),a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),on bone loss.Methods:DLEPS was employed for screening anti-osteoporotic agents according to gene profile changes in primary osteoporosis.Micro-CT,histological and morphological analysis were applied for the bone protective detection of CB,and the osteogenic differentiation/function in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hBMMSCs)were also investigated.The underlying mechanism was verified using qRT-PCR,Western blot(WB),immunofluorescence(IF),etc.Results:A safe concentration(0.25mg/kg in vivo,0.05μM in vitro)of CB could effectively preserve bone mass in estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss and promote osteogenic differentiation/function of hBMMSCs.Both BMPs/SMAD and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways participated in CB-induced osteogenic differentiation,further regulating the expression of osteogenesis-associated factors,and ultimately promoting osteogenesis.Conclusion:Our study demonstrated that CB could significantly reverse estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss,further promoting osteogenic differentiation/function of hBMMSCs,with BMPs/SMAD and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways involved.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2022A1515012346.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic macular edema(DME)is the most common cause of vision loss in people with diabetes.Tight junction disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells has been reported to induce DME development.SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase(SMURF)1 was associated with the tight junctions of cells.However,the mechanism of SMURF1 in the DME process remains unclear.AIM To investigate the role of SMURF1 in RPE cell tight junction during DME.METHODS ARPE-19 cells treated with high glucose(HG)and desferrioxamine mesylate(DFX)for establishment of the DME cell model.DME mice models were constructed by streptozotocin induction.The trans-epithelial electrical resistance and permeability of RPE cells were analyzed.The expressions of tight junction-related and autophagy-related proteins were determined.The interaction between insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2(IGF2BP2)and SMURF1 mRNA was verified by RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP).SMURF1 N6-methyladenosine(m6A)level was detected by methylated RIP.RESULTS SMURF1 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)were upregulated in DME.SMURF1 knockdown reduced HG/DFX-induced autophagy,which protected RPE cell tight junctions and ameliorated retinal damage in DME mice.SMURF1 activated the Wnt/β-catenin-VEGF signaling pathway by promoting WNT inhibitory factor(WIF)1 ubiquitination and degradation.IGF2BP2 upregulated SMURF1 expression in an m6A modification-dependent manner.CONCLUSION M6A-modified SMURF1 promoted WIF1 ubiquitination and degradation,which activated autophagy to inhibit RPE cell tight junctions,ultimately promoting DME progression.
文摘目的:研究复方黄连胶囊(CRCC)对糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠肾组织TGF-β1/BMP-7表达失衡及其Smad信号通路的调控作用,探讨CRCC对DN大鼠早期肾损伤的作用及其可能机制。方法:以链脲佐菌素(STZ)复制早期DN大鼠模型,动物分为正常组、模型组、消渴丸组(0.8 g·kg-1)、依那普利组(1 mg·kg-1)与CRCC低、中、高剂量组(生药含量分别为1.09,2.18,4.36 g·kg-1),灌胃给药,每天1次,5周后生化指标检测空腹血糖(FBG)、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、胰岛素(Ins)、24 h尿蛋白(24 h Upro)及24 h尿微量白蛋白(24 h Um Alb);光镜观察肾组织形态学的改变;免疫组化法检测肾组织TGF-β1,BMP-7,Smad2/3,Smad1/5及Smad7蛋白表达;逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测肾组织TGF-β1和BMP-7 mRNA表达。结果:与模型组比较,各CRCC治疗组均不同程度降低了DN大鼠FBG,BUN,Scr,24 h Upro和24 h Um Alb水平,改善肾组织病理形态学异常,TGF-β1与Smad2/3蛋白表达减少,BMP-7,Smad1/5与Smad7蛋白表达增加,TGF-β1 mRNA表达减少,但BMP-7 mRNA表达未增加。结论:CRCC可改善早期DN大鼠肾功能病变,延缓DN慢性病理进展,其机制可能与通过Smad信号通路调控DN肾组织TGF-β1/BMP-7表达失衡有关。
