目的研究1990-2021年中国归因于高体重指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)的结直肠癌疾病负担变化趋势,并对2022-2035年死亡率进行预测。方法利用2021全球疾病负担数据,分析1990-2021年中国归因于高BMI的结直肠癌死亡率和DALY(Disability-adjust...目的研究1990-2021年中国归因于高体重指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)的结直肠癌疾病负担变化趋势,并对2022-2035年死亡率进行预测。方法利用2021全球疾病负担数据,分析1990-2021年中国归因于高BMI的结直肠癌死亡率和DALY(Disability-adjusted Life Years,DALY)率及其标化率的变化趋势,计算其平均年度变化百分比(Average Annual Percent Change,AAPC)。通过年龄-时期-队列(Age-Period-Cohort,APC)模型评估归因死亡率的年龄时期队列效应,并采用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型(Bayesian age-period-cohort models,BAPC)对2022-2035年中国归因于高BMI的结直肠癌死亡率进行预测。结果1990-2021年,中国高BMI所致结直肠癌的标化死亡率(Age-standardized Mortality Rate,ASMR)和标化DALY率(Age-standardized Disability-adjusted Life Years Rate,ASDR)显著上升,危险因素排名分别从第9升至第5位和第4位,AAPC值分别为2.43%(95%CI:2.29~2.57)和2.33%(95%CI:2.21~2.46),其增速超过全球及各个社会人口学指数地区。男性的疾病负担显著高于女性,死亡率的年均变化率为女性的2.37倍。此外,死亡率随年龄增长显著增加,队列效应亦表现出较高的死亡风险。预测显示,2022-2035年间,中国归因于高BMI的结直肠癌死亡率仍将继续上升,累积增幅达53.06%。结论中国归因于高BMI的结直肠癌疾病负担持续加重,男性及老年人群风险尤为显著。应通过优化公共卫生政策,包括推广健康饮食、加强体重管理、促进体力活动和完善癌症筛查策略,减少高BMI相关的结直肠癌负担。展开更多
Global warming caused by the emission of CO_(2) in industrial flue gas has attractedmore and more attention.Therefore,to fix CO_(2) with high efficiency and environmentally friendly had become the hot research field.C...Global warming caused by the emission of CO_(2) in industrial flue gas has attractedmore and more attention.Therefore,to fix CO_(2) with high efficiency and environmentally friendly had become the hot research field.Compared with the traditional coal-fired power plant flue gas emission reduction technology,carbon fixation and emission reduction by microalgae is considered as a promising technology due to the advantages of simple process equipment,convenient operation and environmental protection.When the flue gas is treated by microalgae carbon fixation and emission reduction technology,microalgae cells can fix CO_(2) in the flue gas through photosynthesis,and simultaneously absorb NO_(x) and SO_(x) as nitrogen and sulfur sources required for growth.Meanwhile,they can also absorb mercury,selenium,arsenic,cadmium,lead and other heavy metal ions in the flue gas to obtain microalgae biomass.The obtained microalgae biomass can be further transformed into high valueadded products,which has broad development prospects.This paper reviews the mechanisms and pathways of CO_(2) sequestration,the mechanism and impacts of microalgal emission reduction of flue gas pollutants,and the applications of carbon sequestration in industrial flue gas by microalgae.Finally,this paper provides some guidelines and prospects for the research and application of green emission reduction technology for industrial flue gas.展开更多
Biomass-derived hard carbon is becoming promising anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)thanks to their resource abundance.Yet,it is a big challenge to improve the charge carrier kinetics of the disordered carbon la...Biomass-derived hard carbon is becoming promising anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)thanks to their resource abundance.Yet,it is a big challenge to improve the charge carrier kinetics of the disordered carbon lattice in hard carbon.Herein,confined pitch-based soft carbon in pollen-derived hard carbon(PSC/PHC)is synthesized by vapor deposition strategy as anodes for PIBs.The ordered pitch-based soft carbon compensates for the short-range electron conduction in hard carbon to enhance the charge transfer kinetics,and the externally disordered pollen-derived hard carbon alleviates the volume change of soft carbon during cycling.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of soft and hard carbon,as well as the reinforced structure of order-in-disordered carbon,the PSC/PHC obtained with deposition time of 0.5 h(PSC/PHC-0.5)displays an excellent rate capability(148.7 mAh g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1))and superb cycling stability(70%retention over 2000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1)).This work offers a unique insight in tuning the microcrystalline structure of soft-hard carbon anode for advanced PIBs.展开更多
Pore structure engineering has been acknowledged as suitable approach to creating active sites and en-hancing ion transport capabilities of hard carbon anodes.However,conventional porous carbon materials exhibit high ...Pore structure engineering has been acknowledged as suitable approach to creating active sites and en-hancing ion transport capabilities of hard carbon anodes.However,conventional porous carbon materials exhibit high BET and surface defects.Additionally,the sodium storage mechanism predominantly occurs in the slope region.This contradicts practical application requirements because the capacity of the plateau region is crucial for determining the actual capacity of batteries.In our work,we prepared a novel“core-shell”carbon framework(CNA1200).Introducingclosedporesand carboxylgroupsinto coal-basedcarbon materials to enhance its sodium storage performance.The closed pore structure dominates in the“core”structure,which is attributed to the timely removal of sodium hydroxide(NaOH)to prevent further for-mation of active carbon structure.The presence of closed pores is beneficial for increasing sodium ion storage in the low-voltage plateau region.And the“shell”structure originates from coal tar pitch,it not only uniformly connects hard carbon particles together to improve cycling stability,but is also rich in carboxyl groups to enhance the reversible sodium storage performance in slope region.CNA1200 has ex-cellent electrochemical performance,it exhibits a specific capacity of 335.2 mAh g^(−1)at a current density of 20 mA g^(−1)with ICE=51.53%.In addition,CNA1200 has outstanding cycling stability with a capac-ity retention of 91.8%even when cycling over 200 times.When CNA1200 is used as anode paired with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode,it demonstrates a capacity of 109.54 mAh g^(−1)at 0.1 C and capacity retention of 94.64%at 0.5 C.This work provides valuable methods for regulating the structure of sodium-ion battery(SIBs)anode and enhances the potential for commercialization.展开更多
China is the most important steel producer in the world,and its steel industry is one of themost carbon-intensive industries in China.Consequently,research on carbon emissions from the steel industry is crucial for Ch...China is the most important steel producer in the world,and its steel industry is one of themost carbon-intensive industries in China.Consequently,research on carbon emissions from the steel industry is crucial for China to achieve carbon neutrality and meet its sustainable global development goals.We constructed a carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission model for China’s iron and steel industry froma life cycle perspective,conducted an empirical analysis based on data from2019,and calculated the CO_(2)emissions of the industry throughout its life cycle.Key emission reduction factors were identified using sensitivity analysis.The results demonstrated that the CO_(2)emission intensity of the steel industry was 2.33 ton CO_(2)/ton,and the production and manufacturing stages were the main sources of CO_(2)emissions,accounting for 89.84%of the total steel life-cycle emissions.Notably,fossil fuel combustion had the highest sensitivity to steel CO_(2)emissions,with a sensitivity coefficient of 0.68,reducing the amount of fossil fuel combustion by 20%and carbon emissions by 13.60%.The sensitivities of power structure optimization and scrap consumption were similar,while that of the transportation structure adjustment was the lowest,with a sensitivity coefficient of less than 0.1.Given the current strategic goals of peak carbon and carbon neutrality,it is in the best interest of the Chinese government to actively promote energy-saving and low-carbon technologies,increase the ratio of scrap steel to steelmaking,and build a new power system.展开更多
文摘目的研究1990-2021年中国归因于高体重指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)的结直肠癌疾病负担变化趋势,并对2022-2035年死亡率进行预测。方法利用2021全球疾病负担数据,分析1990-2021年中国归因于高BMI的结直肠癌死亡率和DALY(Disability-adjusted Life Years,DALY)率及其标化率的变化趋势,计算其平均年度变化百分比(Average Annual Percent Change,AAPC)。通过年龄-时期-队列(Age-Period-Cohort,APC)模型评估归因死亡率的年龄时期队列效应,并采用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型(Bayesian age-period-cohort models,BAPC)对2022-2035年中国归因于高BMI的结直肠癌死亡率进行预测。结果1990-2021年,中国高BMI所致结直肠癌的标化死亡率(Age-standardized Mortality Rate,ASMR)和标化DALY率(Age-standardized Disability-adjusted Life Years Rate,ASDR)显著上升,危险因素排名分别从第9升至第5位和第4位,AAPC值分别为2.43%(95%CI:2.29~2.57)和2.33%(95%CI:2.21~2.46),其增速超过全球及各个社会人口学指数地区。男性的疾病负担显著高于女性,死亡率的年均变化率为女性的2.37倍。此外,死亡率随年龄增长显著增加,队列效应亦表现出较高的死亡风险。预测显示,2022-2035年间,中国归因于高BMI的结直肠癌死亡率仍将继续上升,累积增幅达53.06%。结论中国归因于高BMI的结直肠癌疾病负担持续加重,男性及老年人群风险尤为显著。应通过优化公共卫生政策,包括推广健康饮食、加强体重管理、促进体力活动和完善癌症筛查策略,减少高BMI相关的结直肠癌负担。
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3709500).
文摘Global warming caused by the emission of CO_(2) in industrial flue gas has attractedmore and more attention.Therefore,to fix CO_(2) with high efficiency and environmentally friendly had become the hot research field.Compared with the traditional coal-fired power plant flue gas emission reduction technology,carbon fixation and emission reduction by microalgae is considered as a promising technology due to the advantages of simple process equipment,convenient operation and environmental protection.When the flue gas is treated by microalgae carbon fixation and emission reduction technology,microalgae cells can fix CO_(2) in the flue gas through photosynthesis,and simultaneously absorb NO_(x) and SO_(x) as nitrogen and sulfur sources required for growth.Meanwhile,they can also absorb mercury,selenium,arsenic,cadmium,lead and other heavy metal ions in the flue gas to obtain microalgae biomass.The obtained microalgae biomass can be further transformed into high valueadded products,which has broad development prospects.This paper reviews the mechanisms and pathways of CO_(2) sequestration,the mechanism and impacts of microalgal emission reduction of flue gas pollutants,and the applications of carbon sequestration in industrial flue gas by microalgae.Finally,this paper provides some guidelines and prospects for the research and application of green emission reduction technology for industrial flue gas.
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072002,52372037,and 22108003)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20230015)+2 种基金the Outstanding Scientific Research and Innovation Team Program of Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province(2023AH010015)the Excellent Young Talents Fund Program of Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province(2023AH030026)financial support from the Anhui International Research Center of Energy Materials Green Manufacturing and Biotechnology。
文摘Biomass-derived hard carbon is becoming promising anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)thanks to their resource abundance.Yet,it is a big challenge to improve the charge carrier kinetics of the disordered carbon lattice in hard carbon.Herein,confined pitch-based soft carbon in pollen-derived hard carbon(PSC/PHC)is synthesized by vapor deposition strategy as anodes for PIBs.The ordered pitch-based soft carbon compensates for the short-range electron conduction in hard carbon to enhance the charge transfer kinetics,and the externally disordered pollen-derived hard carbon alleviates the volume change of soft carbon during cycling.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of soft and hard carbon,as well as the reinforced structure of order-in-disordered carbon,the PSC/PHC obtained with deposition time of 0.5 h(PSC/PHC-0.5)displays an excellent rate capability(148.7 mAh g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1))and superb cycling stability(70%retention over 2000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1)).This work offers a unique insight in tuning the microcrystalline structure of soft-hard carbon anode for advanced PIBs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21978164,22078189 and 22105120)the Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Shaanxi Province(No.2021JC-046)and the Special Support Program for high level talents of Shaanxi Province+3 种基金the Innovation Support Program of Shaanxi Province(2021JZY-001)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2020GY-243)the Special Research Fund of Education Department of Shaanxi(No.20JK0535)the National High-end Foreign Expert Project(No.GDW20186100428).
文摘Pore structure engineering has been acknowledged as suitable approach to creating active sites and en-hancing ion transport capabilities of hard carbon anodes.However,conventional porous carbon materials exhibit high BET and surface defects.Additionally,the sodium storage mechanism predominantly occurs in the slope region.This contradicts practical application requirements because the capacity of the plateau region is crucial for determining the actual capacity of batteries.In our work,we prepared a novel“core-shell”carbon framework(CNA1200).Introducingclosedporesand carboxylgroupsinto coal-basedcarbon materials to enhance its sodium storage performance.The closed pore structure dominates in the“core”structure,which is attributed to the timely removal of sodium hydroxide(NaOH)to prevent further for-mation of active carbon structure.The presence of closed pores is beneficial for increasing sodium ion storage in the low-voltage plateau region.And the“shell”structure originates from coal tar pitch,it not only uniformly connects hard carbon particles together to improve cycling stability,but is also rich in carboxyl groups to enhance the reversible sodium storage performance in slope region.CNA1200 has ex-cellent electrochemical performance,it exhibits a specific capacity of 335.2 mAh g^(−1)at a current density of 20 mA g^(−1)with ICE=51.53%.In addition,CNA1200 has outstanding cycling stability with a capac-ity retention of 91.8%even when cycling over 200 times.When CNA1200 is used as anode paired with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode,it demonstrates a capacity of 109.54 mAh g^(−1)at 0.1 C and capacity retention of 94.64%at 0.5 C.This work provides valuable methods for regulating the structure of sodium-ion battery(SIBs)anode and enhances the potential for commercialization.
基金supported by Ningbo’s major scientific and technological breakthrough project“Research and Demonstration on the Technology of Collaborative Disposal of Secondary Ash in Typical Industrial Furnaces” (No.20212ZDYF020047)the central balance fund project“Research on Carbon Emission Accounting and Emission Reduction Potential Assessment for the Whole Life Cycle of Iron and Steel Industry” (No.2021-JY-07).
文摘China is the most important steel producer in the world,and its steel industry is one of themost carbon-intensive industries in China.Consequently,research on carbon emissions from the steel industry is crucial for China to achieve carbon neutrality and meet its sustainable global development goals.We constructed a carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission model for China’s iron and steel industry froma life cycle perspective,conducted an empirical analysis based on data from2019,and calculated the CO_(2)emissions of the industry throughout its life cycle.Key emission reduction factors were identified using sensitivity analysis.The results demonstrated that the CO_(2)emission intensity of the steel industry was 2.33 ton CO_(2)/ton,and the production and manufacturing stages were the main sources of CO_(2)emissions,accounting for 89.84%of the total steel life-cycle emissions.Notably,fossil fuel combustion had the highest sensitivity to steel CO_(2)emissions,with a sensitivity coefficient of 0.68,reducing the amount of fossil fuel combustion by 20%and carbon emissions by 13.60%.The sensitivities of power structure optimization and scrap consumption were similar,while that of the transportation structure adjustment was the lowest,with a sensitivity coefficient of less than 0.1.Given the current strategic goals of peak carbon and carbon neutrality,it is in the best interest of the Chinese government to actively promote energy-saving and low-carbon technologies,increase the ratio of scrap steel to steelmaking,and build a new power system.
