Zimbabwe’s blueberry exports get the green light to supply China’s health-conscious consumers Inside a temperature-controlled greenhouse in Goromonzi in Mashonaland East Province about 40 km outside Zimbabwe’s capi...Zimbabwe’s blueberry exports get the green light to supply China’s health-conscious consumers Inside a temperature-controlled greenhouse in Goromonzi in Mashonaland East Province about 40 km outside Zimbabwe’s capital Harare,a quiet blue revolution is taking place.Workers move carefully among lush green shrubs,their hands delicately harvesting plump,juicy blueberries.展开更多
Analytical method for the residues of strobilurins azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin in blueberries was developed. Fungicide residues were determined by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) cou-pled to gas chromatography ...Analytical method for the residues of strobilurins azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin in blueberries was developed. Fungicide residues were determined by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) cou-pled to gas chromatography with micro-electron capture detector. The effect of pH values and fiber coatings were studied. The SPME fiber coating selected was 100 μm PDMS. The method is selective with adequate precision and high accuracy and sensitivity. Recoveries ranged within the 100% - 106% range for azoxystrobin, and 96% - 106% range for pyraclostrobin;and detection and quantification limits were 2.0 and 6.0 μg/kg for azoxystrobin, and 26.0 and 86.0 μg/kg for py-raclostrobin, respectively. Statistical parameters indicated the occurrence of matrix effect;con-sequently calibration was performed on spiked samples. Degradation of azoxystrobin and pyra-clostrobin was studied in blueberry fields located in Concordia, Argentina, with fruits from Emerald and Jewel varieties. The degradation of these fungicides in both blueberry varieties studied followed a first order rate kinetics, and the half-life for azoxystrobin was 11.6 and 17.8 days for Emerald and Jewel cultivars;and for pyraclostrobin was 5.5 and 8.0 days, respectively.展开更多
Flower thrips are one of the key pests in production of southern highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. × V. darrowi Camp). They feed on the reproductive parts of the flower and reduce yield. Very few inse...Flower thrips are one of the key pests in production of southern highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. × V. darrowi Camp). They feed on the reproductive parts of the flower and reduce yield. Very few insecticides are available to manage thrips population. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate pre-existing and experimental insecticides for their efficacy against thrips. There is also a high demand for reduced-risk insecticides that are less toxic to beneficial insects and the environment. In this study, a number of conventional and reduced-risk insecticides were evaluated against flower thrips on farms in Florida and Georgia and in the laboratory. The best performing insecticides were also evaluated in the laboratory for their effects on Orius insidiosus Say, which is a common thrips’ predator in Florida. Assail 70WP (Acetamiprid) and SpinTor 2SC (Spinosad) were the most promising insecticides in reducing thrips numbers in the field as well as in laboratory experiments. SpinTor 2SC killed all of the thrips in laboratory arenas within 4 hours of application and showed low toxicity toward O. insidiosus. All of the compounds tested performed as well as the conventional pesticide malathion.展开更多
Small berry fruits, like blueberries, are popular due to their appearance, are easy to eat and have a unique taste. Blueberries belong to the Cyanococcus section of the Ericaceae family. They are known to be one of th...Small berry fruits, like blueberries, are popular due to their appearance, are easy to eat and have a unique taste. Blueberries belong to the Cyanococcus section of the Ericaceae family. They are known to be one of the richest sources of natural antioxidants. Blueberries are a flavorful and colorful fruit, known for their health benefits attributed to numerous bioactive compounds with various therapeutic effects. The research aims to understand the metabolic and genetic factors that influence the nutritional and sensory qualities of blueberries. They can be consumed as either fresh or processed such as snacks, desserts, fruit salads, and with ice cream, yogurt or processed products such as frozen berries into conserves, purees and juices, dried fruit. They are rich in organic acids phenolic compounds that protect human against a wide variety of diseases since blueberry has high antioxidant activity. In this review, blueberry worldwide production trend and the effect of blueberry nutrient content on human health will be discussed. And there are also some studies carried out in recent years to determine the chemical composition such as sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds by advanced methodologies in blueberry fruits. This review could be beneficial for future studies will be conducted on blueberry production and its nutritional content. .展开更多
Sweet and sour are the most important taste of blueberries,and they are produced by sugar and acid,respectively.Their contributions to the taste depend not only on the levels of sugar and acid,but also on the types an...Sweet and sour are the most important taste of blueberries,and they are produced by sugar and acid,respectively.Their contributions to the taste depend not only on the levels of sugar and acid,but also on the types and relative proportions of sugar and acid.Therefore,it is very important to evaluate the composition and levels of sugar and acid in blueberries.Regional differences and variety diversity also affect the sugar and acid characteristics of fruits.Therefore,this study selected two main producing regions in northern China(Weihai and Yingkou)to examine the sugar and acid characteristics of 11 common blueberry cultivars.The indexes measured included soluble sugars,organic acids,soluble solid content and titratable acidity.The results showed that glucose and fructose were the major sugars,and citric acid and quinic acid were the major organic acids.Correlation analysis showed that glucose,fructose,and sucrose were positively correlated with total sugar content;the citric acid content was positively correlated with the titratable acidity and total organic acids.Titratable acidity,glucose,fructose,sucrose,total sugar content,citric acid,shikimic acid and total acid content of the blueberries varied significantly between regions(P<0.05).In general,compared with Weihai blueberries,Yingkou blueberries had higher sugar content and lower acid content.The results of this study may provide useful references for the evaluation of sweet and sour flavors and cultivar selection of blueberries.展开更多
This study employed integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the impacts of moderate withering(approximately 30%weight loss)on organic acid and flavonoid accumulation in blueberries and the re...This study employed integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the impacts of moderate withering(approximately 30%weight loss)on organic acid and flavonoid accumulation in blueberries and the resultant blueberry wines.Moderate withering led to decreases in aliphatic organic acids but increases in phenolic acids and flavonoids in blueberries.The decrease in malate could be linked to the downregulated VcMDH and VcDTC,and the decrease in citrate and 2-oxoglutarate could be a consequence of y-aminobutyric acid shunt activation.The increases of phenolic acids were associated with upregulated VcCAD and VcPOD in withered blueberries.Additionally,moderate withering upregulated the expression of VcLAR and VcUFGT,promoting flavonoid accumulation.In blueberry wines,moderate withering decreased total aliphatic organic acid content but increased anthocyanin content,consistent with the findings in blueberries.Overall,this study provided references for applying moderate withering in blueberry winemaking,contributing to modulating acidity and enriching phenolic substances.展开更多
Blueberries are highly valued by consumers due to their rich nutritional profile.However,postharvest quality issues pose challenges for their storage and transport.This review focuses on the physiological changes affe...Blueberries are highly valued by consumers due to their rich nutritional profile.However,postharvest quality issues pose challenges for their storage and transport.This review focuses on the physiological changes affecting blueberry quality,such as respiration and ethylene production,and explores storage strategies like cold storage and modified atmosphere storage to slow these processes.Emerging technologies like cold plasma and irradiation show potential for quality improvement.Transport requires careful handling and real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity to maintain quality.Integrating logistics technologies enhances traceability and delivery efficiency.Despite progress,limitations and areas for improvement remain.There is a need for precise preservation strategies and eco-friendly,cost-effective solutions to ensure sustainability.This review highlights the importance of continued research and innovation in optimising postharvest management of blueberries to ensure quality from production to consumption and to promote the global health of the blueberry industry.展开更多
Blueberry(Vaccinium ashei)is highly characterized by its nutritional value,with an extremely high anthocyanin content,and rabbiteye blueberry is widely grown across China.However,molecular regulatory mechanisms underl...Blueberry(Vaccinium ashei)is highly characterized by its nutritional value,with an extremely high anthocyanin content,and rabbiteye blueberry is widely grown across China.However,molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the high anthocyanin accumulation during the fruit development and colouration of rabbiteye blueberry fruit,have not yet been fully clarified so far.The fruit anthocyanin content of rabbiteye blueberry in the karstic area of Guizhou Province,China,is much higher compared to that in other regions,and the fruit colour is highly affected by anthocyanin accumulation.Currently,the untargeted metabolomics and HPLC assays have been carried out using rabbiteye blueberry fruit at various stages,and it was investigated that cyanidin(Cy)and pelargonidin(Pg)reached their peaks at the red fruit(RF)stage,whereas delphinidin(Dp),petudinin(Pt),malvidin(Mv),and peonidin(Pn)got their ceilings at the mature fruit(MF)stage.Transcriptome and co-expression network analyses showed that 27 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were associated with anthocyanin content,among which VdMYB56,belonging to the R2R3-MYB family,was markedly up-regulated during the development and colouration of fruit,and was significantly higher in the skin than in the pulp.Furthermore,VdMYB56-overexpressing tomato fruits demonstrated a substantial elevation in anthocyanin content on the 35th day after flowering(DAF).It was worth noting that VdMYB56 could directly bind to the promoter of Vd3GT to enhance its expression,thereby further strengthening the anthocyanin accumulation.Meantime,multiple assays verified that VdMYB69,an R2R3-MYB member,might interact with VdMYB56,leading to the promotion of VdMYB56 expression.Conclusively,the VdMYB56-VdMYB69 module is a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rabbiteye blueberry,which may provide new insights into high-anthocyanin breeding,particularly for the southern karstic regions.展开更多
The antioxidant and antitumor effects as well as the immunomodulatory activities of crude and purified polyphenol extract from blueberries were investigated. The antioxidant and antitumor effects of the polyphenol ext...The antioxidant and antitumor effects as well as the immunomodulatory activities of crude and purified polyphenol extract from blueberries were investigated. The antioxidant and antitumor effects of the polyphenol extract were measured both in vitro and in vivo, and their effect on the immune systems of CD-1 tumor-bearing mice were also analyzed. In vitro assays demonstrated that blueberry purified polyphenol extract （BBPP） exhibited higher antioxidant activities than blueberry crude polyphenol extract （BBCP）, but the opposite effect was observed in vivo. Both the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity and the immunity assay showed that BBCP not only inhibited tumor growth, but also significantly improved the immunity of the mice. According to physical and histological studies, the CD-1 tumor-bearing mice treated with the polyphenol extract, especially high doses of BBCP experienced a higher quality of life than the positive control group （treated with cyclophosphamide）. These results indicate that BBCP has significant antioxidant and antitumor activities and that it can enhance the immunity of CD-1 tumor-bearing mice.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to use chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2))gas to inactivate Salmonella Newport on blueberries and observe quality changes of blueberries as affected by the treatment.Blueberries inoculated with S.N...The purpose of this study was to use chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2))gas to inactivate Salmonella Newport on blueberries and observe quality changes of blueberries as affected by the treatment.Blueberries inoculated with S.Newport were treated with ClO_(2) gas for 10 h ClO_(2) gas was generated from either 1 or 2 mL of ClO_(2) solution dropped in a sealed container and the container was hold at 12℃ or 25℃.Within 30 min,Salmonella populations on blueberries treated with ClO_(2) gas,regardless of treatment temperature and amount of ClO_(2) solution,reduced below the detection limit(1.7 log CFU/sample)and the organism was eliminated within 30 min when 1 mL of ClO_(2) solution was used to generate gas at 25℃.After the ClO_(2) gas treatment,blueberries were analyzed with an electronic eye.Color of untreated and ClO_(2)-gas treated blueberries are composed of 12 and 11 color codes,respectively.Out of the color codes,7 codes of both blueberries in control and treatment groups are the same.ClO_(2) gas treatment did not cause significant changes in Hunter’s L,a,and b-value of blueberries.Hardness(g)of blueberries treated with ClO_(2) gas for 30 min significantly increased;however final values were not significantly different from the values of untreated ones.As a result of this study,the ClO_(2) gas successfully reduced S.Newport on blueberries without significant changes in their color and hardness.展开更多
Traditional extraction methods are based on high-temperature maceration with organic solvents,which are dangerous for human health.A viable alternative to overcome the issues associated with conventional extraction is...Traditional extraction methods are based on high-temperature maceration with organic solvents,which are dangerous for human health.A viable alternative to overcome the issues associated with conventional extraction is to increase cell tissue permeability by applying high voltage electrical discharge(HVED)treatments.The objective of this work was to validate the electroporation of blueberry plant cells using a new HVED generator prototype at a high frequency,investigate the effect,intensity,and duration of the applied voltage,and recover anthocyanins from its electroporated cells.The electroporation level of the HVED-treated blueberries was measured qualitatively by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis.Meanwhile,it was quantitatively measured by the cell permeabilization index(Zp)and anthocyanin extraction level.Results of the micrographs(TEM)showed electroporation in all treatments in which Zp was 0.24 when applying a 2 kV treatment for 2 s,whereas a 3-fold increase in tissue damage was revealed with the most powerful treatment(10 kV voltage,30 s).In addition,anthocyanin values ranged from 83.09±1.20(control)to 136.82±0.84(HVED),which was 64.66%higher.The HVED treatment can increase mass transfer rates during conventional extraction processes.It should be noted that the validated prototype required a low specific energy requirement(31–204 kJ/kg)for proper tissue electropermeabilization.In conclusion,we demonstrated the capability of the developed HVED prototype to boost mass transfer phenomena and thus potentially increase its adaptability to assist dissimilar industrial processes or waste(e.g.,peels and seeds)such as freeze-drying operations.展开更多
The blueberry industry in Peru has experienced explosive growth over the past decade.According to statistics from the U.S.Department of Agriculture’s Foreign Agricultural Service(USDA FAS)and the Peru National Agrari...The blueberry industry in Peru has experienced explosive growth over the past decade.According to statistics from the U.S.Department of Agriculture’s Foreign Agricultural Service(USDA FAS)and the Peru National Agrarian Health Ser vice(SENASA),the registered planting area of Peruvian blueberries in 2012 was approximately 80 hectares.By the 2016-2017 season,the planting area had expanded to 1,932 hectares.In the 2024-2025 season,it further increased to approximately 20,490 hectares.展开更多
Blueberry anthocyanins(VA)and blackberry anthocyanins(RA)showed benefits on metabolic syndrome(MS)induced by high-fat diet(HFD)in mice.In this study,we investigated whether the therapeutic effects of VA and RA were ac...Blueberry anthocyanins(VA)and blackberry anthocyanins(RA)showed benefits on metabolic syndrome(MS)induced by high-fat diet(HFD)in mice.In this study,we investigated whether the therapeutic effects of VA and RA were achieved by the gut microbiota regulation and whether these effects could be replicated through fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)using the HFD caused MS model in pseudo-germ-free mice.The results demonstrated that the beneficial effects of VA and RA on MS,including reducing body weight gain and fat accumulation,improving glucose and lipid metabolism,and mitigating intestinal barrier damage,were attributed to the gut microbiota and could be replicated by FMT.16S r RNA sequencing analysis suggested that FMT from donor mice supplemented with VA and RA could regulate the gut microbiota composition.Particularly,FMT from RA supplemented mice displayed the potential to restore the diversity of gut microbiota and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes.Meanwhile,FMT from VA supplemented mice appeared to exert its effects by selectively influencing specific gut microbiota,such as the genus Akkermansia.Furthermore,our analysis identified 10 common differential amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)among groups compared to HFD-HFD group.Notably,ASV_36450 was negatively associated with metabolic parameters,suggesting that Lactobacillus might be the potential bacteria in regulating MS.Overall,our study demonstrated that FMT from VA and RA supplemented mice could ameliorate MS induced by HFD in mice through regulating specific gut microbiota.展开更多
Postharvest rot of blueberry fruits caused by Botrytis cinerea led to huge economic losses in storage and transportation.In this study,Metschnikowia pulcherrima T-2 was isolated from the surface of blueberry fruits an...Postharvest rot of blueberry fruits caused by Botrytis cinerea led to huge economic losses in storage and transportation.In this study,Metschnikowia pulcherrima T-2 was isolated from the surface of blueberry fruits and significantly reduced postharvest rot of blueberry fruits.The weight loss rate of T-2 soaked blueberry fruits was decreased;the contents of total soluble solids,titratable acidity and vitamin C of T-2 treated blueberry fruits were increased at a humidity of 85% and 25℃.T-2 also enhanced the control of gray mold in blueberry fruits,but could not directly inhibit the growth of B.cinerea in vitro.The volatile organic compounds(VOCs)produced by T-2 could inhibit the growth of B.cinerea,and significantly reduced the postharvest rot of blueberry fruits.According to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis and antibacterial analysis,the benzyl alcohol,phenylethyl alcohol,benzaldehyde,2-ethyl-1-hexanol,acetic acid,octanoic acid,3-hydroxy-2-butanone,2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine and isoamyl acetate were selected.The influence of the above 9 volatiles on B.cinerea growth was assessed by treating B.cinerea in vitro with various concentrations of volatile.The lowest effective amounts of 9 volatiles were established to reduce the postharvest rot of blueberry fruits.These results shed light on the roles of T-2 VOCs in the control of postharvest blueberry fruits to B.cinerea,and provided a new method of postharvest storage.展开更多
The prevalence of high blood pressure is on the rise among younger individuals,and recent findings have linked exercise to changes in the diversity and configuration of gut microbiota.However,specific modifications to...The prevalence of high blood pressure is on the rise among younger individuals,and recent findings have linked exercise to changes in the diversity and configuration of gut microbiota.However,specific modifications to one's diet,such as incorporating blueberries while engaging in physical activity,can also influence this association.To explore the effects of exercise and blueberry consumption on gut bacteria,we conducted an 8-week study involving healthy and hypertensive college students.Our microbiome analysis revealed slight shifts in gut bacteria composition in response to increased physical activity,with significant changes in the diversity of the g_[Eubacterium]_eligens_group observed in hypertensive college students who regularly consumed blueberries.Although exercise and blueberry supplementation had a negligible impact on the gut microbiota diversity of healthy college students,it significantly boosted the production of butyric acid bacteria in hypertensive young adults.These results suggest that the changes in gut bacteria variety and abundance brought about by blueberries may be tied to alterations in the body composition of patients with hypertension.This study aims to reveal the impact of blueberry on the hypertensive students from a unique perspective,suggesting the impact of taking blueberry while taking exercises.展开更多
In this study,polysaccharides were extracted from blueberry fruit(BFP)and isolated to 3 components(BFP-1,BFP-2 and BFP-3).The molecular weight,monosaccharide composition,characteristic groups,microscopic morphology,an...In this study,polysaccharides were extracted from blueberry fruit(BFP)and isolated to 3 components(BFP-1,BFP-2 and BFP-3).The molecular weight,monosaccharide composition,characteristic groups,microscopic morphology,and triple helical conformation of the polysaccharides were characterized using high performance permeation chromatography,high performance liquid chromatography,gas chromatographymass spectrometry,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,scanning electron microscope and Congo red staining.Moreover,the hypolipidemic and immunological activities of the polysaccharides were also assessed.Results showed that the molecular weights of polysaccharides BFP-1,BFP-2,and BFP-3 were 5.547×10^(4),5.671×10^(4),and 3.951×10^(4)Da,respectively,the main monosaccharides were glucose(Glc),galactose(Gal)and arabinose(Ara),but BFP-3 was mainly composed of galacturonic acid(Gal A),Glc,Gal,and Ara.The backbone of BFP-1 was→4)-Glcp-(1→,which branches to Ara and xylose(Xyl)residues,while the backbone of BFP-2 was→5)-Araf-(1→,which branches to Xyl,Glc,rhamnose(Rha)and Gal residues,in particularly,BFP-3 has a more complex branching with a→3,6)-Galp-(1→)backbone,the side chain is dominated by Araf-(1→).Blueberry polysaccharides are pyran-type polysaccharides withα-glycosidic bonds,and BFP-1 has a typical triple-helical structure.The activity assay revealed that the binding of BFP-3 to sodium glycylcholate hydrate and sodium taurocholate was 79.95%and 78.50%,respectively,indicating that it had better hypolipidemic activity than the others.Immunoactivity assay showed that BFP promoted NO secretion through activating the NF-κB signalling pathway in RAW264.7 cells,which played a role in enhancing the immune function of the organism.These findings may provide a reference for the development and application of blueberry polysaccharides in functional food and medicine.展开更多
Through literature analysis and case study, the introduction history, variety selection (high bush, half high bush, low bush) and regional cultivation techniques of blueberry in China were summarized, and the practica...Through literature analysis and case study, the introduction history, variety selection (high bush, half high bush, low bush) and regional cultivation techniques of blueberry in China were summarized, and the practical effects of precision cultivation (water and fertilizer integration, wild planting) and under-forest economic model (forest-blueberry-fungus system, ecological tourism) were evaluated. It provided a technical reference for expanding the planting scale of blueberry and improving the fruit quality.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to realize the rapid and nondestructive identification of blueberry producing areas and protect benefits of high-quality blueberry brands.[Methods]Five types of blueberries from di...[Objectives]This study was conducted to realize the rapid and nondestructive identification of blueberry producing areas and protect benefits of high-quality blueberry brands.[Methods]Five types of blueberries from different regions were selected as experimental subjects,and spectral analysis techniques were combined with deep learning.Firstly,standard normal variable transform(SNV)and convolutional smoothing(SG)were used to deal with scattering noise and other issues in original spectral data.Secondly,due to a large amount of redundant information and high correlation between adjacent wavelengths in the collected spectra,continuous projection algorithm(SPA)and partial least squares regression(PLS)were combined for screening of features with RMSE as the indicator,and 40 feature variables were obtained.Finally,a convolutional network model CNN-SE integrating a Squeeze and Excitation(SE)attention mechanism module was constructed and compared with convolutional neural network(CNN),support vector machine(SVM),and BP neural network.[Results]The CNN-SE model had the best effect,with the accuracy and precision of the test set reaching 95%and 94.56%,respectively,and the recall and F 1 score reaching 93.94%and 94.24%,respectively.[Conclusions]The CNN-SE convolution network model can realize rapid,nondestructive and high-throughout identification of blueberry producing areas.展开更多
Blueberries have recently gained popularity as a"superfruit"among consumers worldwide.The rise of healthy eating concepts has led to widespread recognition of the nutritional content and antioxidant properti...Blueberries have recently gained popularity as a"superfruit"among consumers worldwide.The rise of healthy eating concepts has led to widespread recognition of the nutritional content and antioxidant properties of blueberries,boosting the blueberry industry s rapid growth.Blueberry production and processing are currently major elements of the agricultural economy in many nations and regions,including the United States,Canada,and Europe.The blueberry business has developed a reasonably mature industrial chain that includes planting,harvesting,processing,sales,and other components.The blueberry industry in China started relatively late.However,with the growth of market demand and consumer attention to healthy food,the blueberry planting area has been expanding every year.Several provinces and cities in China are actively promoting the construction of blueberry planting bases and gradually expanding from planting to deep processing fields,forming diversified products,including fresh fruits,dried fruits,jams,and blueberry drinks.With advancements in technology and innovation in management models,the efficiency and market competitiveness of blueberry cultivation are progressively improving.The blueberry industry has broad prospects.On the one hand,the ongoing enhancement of consumer health needs is expected to elevate the market demand for blueberries as high-value functional foods;alternatively,the advancement of planting technology and cold chain logistics may further optimize the yield and quality of the blueberry industry.The production of deep-processed blueberry goods will become a significant highlight of industrial development,enhancing the market value.This study aimed to investigate the various categories of blueberries,the blueberry industry s current state of development,and the challenges it encounters.In summary,the blueberry sector possesses significant future potential,but it also faces problems,including planting practices,market competitiveness,and brand development.The blueberry industry can expand and industrialize due to creative developments.展开更多
文摘Zimbabwe’s blueberry exports get the green light to supply China’s health-conscious consumers Inside a temperature-controlled greenhouse in Goromonzi in Mashonaland East Province about 40 km outside Zimbabwe’s capital Harare,a quiet blue revolution is taking place.Workers move carefully among lush green shrubs,their hands delicately harvesting plump,juicy blueberries.
文摘Analytical method for the residues of strobilurins azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin in blueberries was developed. Fungicide residues were determined by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) cou-pled to gas chromatography with micro-electron capture detector. The effect of pH values and fiber coatings were studied. The SPME fiber coating selected was 100 μm PDMS. The method is selective with adequate precision and high accuracy and sensitivity. Recoveries ranged within the 100% - 106% range for azoxystrobin, and 96% - 106% range for pyraclostrobin;and detection and quantification limits were 2.0 and 6.0 μg/kg for azoxystrobin, and 26.0 and 86.0 μg/kg for py-raclostrobin, respectively. Statistical parameters indicated the occurrence of matrix effect;con-sequently calibration was performed on spiked samples. Degradation of azoxystrobin and pyra-clostrobin was studied in blueberry fields located in Concordia, Argentina, with fruits from Emerald and Jewel varieties. The degradation of these fungicides in both blueberry varieties studied followed a first order rate kinetics, and the half-life for azoxystrobin was 11.6 and 17.8 days for Emerald and Jewel cultivars;and for pyraclostrobin was 5.5 and 8.0 days, respectively.
文摘Flower thrips are one of the key pests in production of southern highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. × V. darrowi Camp). They feed on the reproductive parts of the flower and reduce yield. Very few insecticides are available to manage thrips population. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate pre-existing and experimental insecticides for their efficacy against thrips. There is also a high demand for reduced-risk insecticides that are less toxic to beneficial insects and the environment. In this study, a number of conventional and reduced-risk insecticides were evaluated against flower thrips on farms in Florida and Georgia and in the laboratory. The best performing insecticides were also evaluated in the laboratory for their effects on Orius insidiosus Say, which is a common thrips’ predator in Florida. Assail 70WP (Acetamiprid) and SpinTor 2SC (Spinosad) were the most promising insecticides in reducing thrips numbers in the field as well as in laboratory experiments. SpinTor 2SC killed all of the thrips in laboratory arenas within 4 hours of application and showed low toxicity toward O. insidiosus. All of the compounds tested performed as well as the conventional pesticide malathion.
文摘Small berry fruits, like blueberries, are popular due to their appearance, are easy to eat and have a unique taste. Blueberries belong to the Cyanococcus section of the Ericaceae family. They are known to be one of the richest sources of natural antioxidants. Blueberries are a flavorful and colorful fruit, known for their health benefits attributed to numerous bioactive compounds with various therapeutic effects. The research aims to understand the metabolic and genetic factors that influence the nutritional and sensory qualities of blueberries. They can be consumed as either fresh or processed such as snacks, desserts, fruit salads, and with ice cream, yogurt or processed products such as frozen berries into conserves, purees and juices, dried fruit. They are rich in organic acids phenolic compounds that protect human against a wide variety of diseases since blueberry has high antioxidant activity. In this review, blueberry worldwide production trend and the effect of blueberry nutrient content on human health will be discussed. And there are also some studies carried out in recent years to determine the chemical composition such as sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds by advanced methodologies in blueberry fruits. This review could be beneficial for future studies will be conducted on blueberry production and its nutritional content. .
基金This research was supported by theAgricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2018-RIP-O7).
文摘Sweet and sour are the most important taste of blueberries,and they are produced by sugar and acid,respectively.Their contributions to the taste depend not only on the levels of sugar and acid,but also on the types and relative proportions of sugar and acid.Therefore,it is very important to evaluate the composition and levels of sugar and acid in blueberries.Regional differences and variety diversity also affect the sugar and acid characteristics of fruits.Therefore,this study selected two main producing regions in northern China(Weihai and Yingkou)to examine the sugar and acid characteristics of 11 common blueberry cultivars.The indexes measured included soluble sugars,organic acids,soluble solid content and titratable acidity.The results showed that glucose and fructose were the major sugars,and citric acid and quinic acid were the major organic acids.Correlation analysis showed that glucose,fructose,and sucrose were positively correlated with total sugar content;the citric acid content was positively correlated with the titratable acidity and total organic acids.Titratable acidity,glucose,fructose,sucrose,total sugar content,citric acid,shikimic acid and total acid content of the blueberries varied significantly between regions(P<0.05).In general,compared with Weihai blueberries,Yingkou blueberries had higher sugar content and lower acid content.The results of this study may provide useful references for the evaluation of sweet and sour flavors and cultivar selection of blueberries.
基金supported by the Anhui Agricultural University Foundation for Stability and Introduction of Talent(rc352111)the Natural Science Research Project in Anhui Universities(2023AH051046)+2 种基金the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2108085MC118)the Special Fund for Anhui Provincial Academic and Technological Leader(2021D297)the Special Fund for Anhui Agriculture Research System(AHCYJSTX-NCPJG)。
文摘This study employed integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the impacts of moderate withering(approximately 30%weight loss)on organic acid and flavonoid accumulation in blueberries and the resultant blueberry wines.Moderate withering led to decreases in aliphatic organic acids but increases in phenolic acids and flavonoids in blueberries.The decrease in malate could be linked to the downregulated VcMDH and VcDTC,and the decrease in citrate and 2-oxoglutarate could be a consequence of y-aminobutyric acid shunt activation.The increases of phenolic acids were associated with upregulated VcCAD and VcPOD in withered blueberries.Additionally,moderate withering upregulated the expression of VcLAR and VcUFGT,promoting flavonoid accumulation.In blueberry wines,moderate withering decreased total aliphatic organic acid content but increased anthocyanin content,consistent with the findings in blueberries.Overall,this study provided references for applying moderate withering in blueberry winemaking,contributing to modulating acidity and enriching phenolic substances.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32460788)the Guizhou Provincial Key Technology R&D Program,China(No.Qian Ke He Support[2021]General 122)。
文摘Blueberries are highly valued by consumers due to their rich nutritional profile.However,postharvest quality issues pose challenges for their storage and transport.This review focuses on the physiological changes affecting blueberry quality,such as respiration and ethylene production,and explores storage strategies like cold storage and modified atmosphere storage to slow these processes.Emerging technologies like cold plasma and irradiation show potential for quality improvement.Transport requires careful handling and real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity to maintain quality.Integrating logistics technologies enhances traceability and delivery efficiency.Despite progress,limitations and areas for improvement remain.There is a need for precise preservation strategies and eco-friendly,cost-effective solutions to ensure sustainability.This review highlights the importance of continued research and innovation in optimising postharvest management of blueberries to ensure quality from production to consumption and to promote the global health of the blueberry industry.
基金supported by grants from the Core Program grants of Guizhou Province,China(Grant No.QKHZDZXZ[2024]28)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects of China(Grant No.YQK[2023]008)the Guizhou Provincial Scientific and Technological Program(Grant No.QKHFQ[2024]004-1).
文摘Blueberry(Vaccinium ashei)is highly characterized by its nutritional value,with an extremely high anthocyanin content,and rabbiteye blueberry is widely grown across China.However,molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the high anthocyanin accumulation during the fruit development and colouration of rabbiteye blueberry fruit,have not yet been fully clarified so far.The fruit anthocyanin content of rabbiteye blueberry in the karstic area of Guizhou Province,China,is much higher compared to that in other regions,and the fruit colour is highly affected by anthocyanin accumulation.Currently,the untargeted metabolomics and HPLC assays have been carried out using rabbiteye blueberry fruit at various stages,and it was investigated that cyanidin(Cy)and pelargonidin(Pg)reached their peaks at the red fruit(RF)stage,whereas delphinidin(Dp),petudinin(Pt),malvidin(Mv),and peonidin(Pn)got their ceilings at the mature fruit(MF)stage.Transcriptome and co-expression network analyses showed that 27 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were associated with anthocyanin content,among which VdMYB56,belonging to the R2R3-MYB family,was markedly up-regulated during the development and colouration of fruit,and was significantly higher in the skin than in the pulp.Furthermore,VdMYB56-overexpressing tomato fruits demonstrated a substantial elevation in anthocyanin content on the 35th day after flowering(DAF).It was worth noting that VdMYB56 could directly bind to the promoter of Vd3GT to enhance its expression,thereby further strengthening the anthocyanin accumulation.Meantime,multiple assays verified that VdMYB69,an R2R3-MYB member,might interact with VdMYB56,leading to the promotion of VdMYB56 expression.Conclusively,the VdMYB56-VdMYB69 module is a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rabbiteye blueberry,which may provide new insights into high-anthocyanin breeding,particularly for the southern karstic regions.
文摘The antioxidant and antitumor effects as well as the immunomodulatory activities of crude and purified polyphenol extract from blueberries were investigated. The antioxidant and antitumor effects of the polyphenol extract were measured both in vitro and in vivo, and their effect on the immune systems of CD-1 tumor-bearing mice were also analyzed. In vitro assays demonstrated that blueberry purified polyphenol extract （BBPP） exhibited higher antioxidant activities than blueberry crude polyphenol extract （BBCP）, but the opposite effect was observed in vivo. Both the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity and the immunity assay showed that BBCP not only inhibited tumor growth, but also significantly improved the immunity of the mice. According to physical and histological studies, the CD-1 tumor-bearing mice treated with the polyphenol extract, especially high doses of BBCP experienced a higher quality of life than the positive control group （treated with cyclophosphamide）. These results indicate that BBCP has significant antioxidant and antitumor activities and that it can enhance the immunity of CD-1 tumor-bearing mice.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(NRF-2021R1I1A3059347).
文摘The purpose of this study was to use chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2))gas to inactivate Salmonella Newport on blueberries and observe quality changes of blueberries as affected by the treatment.Blueberries inoculated with S.Newport were treated with ClO_(2) gas for 10 h ClO_(2) gas was generated from either 1 or 2 mL of ClO_(2) solution dropped in a sealed container and the container was hold at 12℃ or 25℃.Within 30 min,Salmonella populations on blueberries treated with ClO_(2) gas,regardless of treatment temperature and amount of ClO_(2) solution,reduced below the detection limit(1.7 log CFU/sample)and the organism was eliminated within 30 min when 1 mL of ClO_(2) solution was used to generate gas at 25℃.After the ClO_(2) gas treatment,blueberries were analyzed with an electronic eye.Color of untreated and ClO_(2)-gas treated blueberries are composed of 12 and 11 color codes,respectively.Out of the color codes,7 codes of both blueberries in control and treatment groups are the same.ClO_(2) gas treatment did not cause significant changes in Hunter’s L,a,and b-value of blueberries.Hardness(g)of blueberries treated with ClO_(2) gas for 30 min significantly increased;however final values were not significantly different from the values of untreated ones.As a result of this study,the ClO_(2) gas successfully reduced S.Newport on blueberries without significant changes in their color and hardness.
基金supported by the Universidad del Bío-Bío[Scholarship fund for postgraduate research],the INNOVA BIOBIO[16IP-65192 project].
文摘Traditional extraction methods are based on high-temperature maceration with organic solvents,which are dangerous for human health.A viable alternative to overcome the issues associated with conventional extraction is to increase cell tissue permeability by applying high voltage electrical discharge(HVED)treatments.The objective of this work was to validate the electroporation of blueberry plant cells using a new HVED generator prototype at a high frequency,investigate the effect,intensity,and duration of the applied voltage,and recover anthocyanins from its electroporated cells.The electroporation level of the HVED-treated blueberries was measured qualitatively by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis.Meanwhile,it was quantitatively measured by the cell permeabilization index(Zp)and anthocyanin extraction level.Results of the micrographs(TEM)showed electroporation in all treatments in which Zp was 0.24 when applying a 2 kV treatment for 2 s,whereas a 3-fold increase in tissue damage was revealed with the most powerful treatment(10 kV voltage,30 s).In addition,anthocyanin values ranged from 83.09±1.20(control)to 136.82±0.84(HVED),which was 64.66%higher.The HVED treatment can increase mass transfer rates during conventional extraction processes.It should be noted that the validated prototype required a low specific energy requirement(31–204 kJ/kg)for proper tissue electropermeabilization.In conclusion,we demonstrated the capability of the developed HVED prototype to boost mass transfer phenomena and thus potentially increase its adaptability to assist dissimilar industrial processes or waste(e.g.,peels and seeds)such as freeze-drying operations.
文摘The blueberry industry in Peru has experienced explosive growth over the past decade.According to statistics from the U.S.Department of Agriculture’s Foreign Agricultural Service(USDA FAS)and the Peru National Agrarian Health Ser vice(SENASA),the registered planting area of Peruvian blueberries in 2012 was approximately 80 hectares.By the 2016-2017 season,the planting area had expanded to 1,932 hectares.In the 2024-2025 season,it further increased to approximately 20,490 hectares.
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170377,81973463)the Primary Research&Development Plan of Jiangsu Province(BE2020344,BE2022371)。
文摘Blueberry anthocyanins(VA)and blackberry anthocyanins(RA)showed benefits on metabolic syndrome(MS)induced by high-fat diet(HFD)in mice.In this study,we investigated whether the therapeutic effects of VA and RA were achieved by the gut microbiota regulation and whether these effects could be replicated through fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)using the HFD caused MS model in pseudo-germ-free mice.The results demonstrated that the beneficial effects of VA and RA on MS,including reducing body weight gain and fat accumulation,improving glucose and lipid metabolism,and mitigating intestinal barrier damage,were attributed to the gut microbiota and could be replicated by FMT.16S r RNA sequencing analysis suggested that FMT from donor mice supplemented with VA and RA could regulate the gut microbiota composition.Particularly,FMT from RA supplemented mice displayed the potential to restore the diversity of gut microbiota and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes.Meanwhile,FMT from VA supplemented mice appeared to exert its effects by selectively influencing specific gut microbiota,such as the genus Akkermansia.Furthermore,our analysis identified 10 common differential amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)among groups compared to HFD-HFD group.Notably,ASV_36450 was negatively associated with metabolic parameters,suggesting that Lactobacillus might be the potential bacteria in regulating MS.Overall,our study demonstrated that FMT from VA and RA supplemented mice could ameliorate MS induced by HFD in mice through regulating specific gut microbiota.
基金supported by the Scientific Project of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.2021KJ105)。
文摘Postharvest rot of blueberry fruits caused by Botrytis cinerea led to huge economic losses in storage and transportation.In this study,Metschnikowia pulcherrima T-2 was isolated from the surface of blueberry fruits and significantly reduced postharvest rot of blueberry fruits.The weight loss rate of T-2 soaked blueberry fruits was decreased;the contents of total soluble solids,titratable acidity and vitamin C of T-2 treated blueberry fruits were increased at a humidity of 85% and 25℃.T-2 also enhanced the control of gray mold in blueberry fruits,but could not directly inhibit the growth of B.cinerea in vitro.The volatile organic compounds(VOCs)produced by T-2 could inhibit the growth of B.cinerea,and significantly reduced the postharvest rot of blueberry fruits.According to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis and antibacterial analysis,the benzyl alcohol,phenylethyl alcohol,benzaldehyde,2-ethyl-1-hexanol,acetic acid,octanoic acid,3-hydroxy-2-butanone,2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine and isoamyl acetate were selected.The influence of the above 9 volatiles on B.cinerea growth was assessed by treating B.cinerea in vitro with various concentrations of volatile.The lowest effective amounts of 9 volatiles were established to reduce the postharvest rot of blueberry fruits.These results shed light on the roles of T-2 VOCs in the control of postharvest blueberry fruits to B.cinerea,and provided a new method of postharvest storage.
基金funded by the Liaoning province Department of Education fund(LJKZ0651)the scientific research fund project of Liaoning provincial department of education(LJKZ0430)the Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Liaoning Province(2023JH6/100500010)。
文摘The prevalence of high blood pressure is on the rise among younger individuals,and recent findings have linked exercise to changes in the diversity and configuration of gut microbiota.However,specific modifications to one's diet,such as incorporating blueberries while engaging in physical activity,can also influence this association.To explore the effects of exercise and blueberry consumption on gut bacteria,we conducted an 8-week study involving healthy and hypertensive college students.Our microbiome analysis revealed slight shifts in gut bacteria composition in response to increased physical activity,with significant changes in the diversity of the g_[Eubacterium]_eligens_group observed in hypertensive college students who regularly consumed blueberries.Although exercise and blueberry supplementation had a negligible impact on the gut microbiota diversity of healthy college students,it significantly boosted the production of butyric acid bacteria in hypertensive young adults.These results suggest that the changes in gut bacteria variety and abundance brought about by blueberries may be tied to alterations in the body composition of patients with hypertension.This study aims to reveal the impact of blueberry on the hypertensive students from a unique perspective,suggesting the impact of taking blueberry while taking exercises.
基金financial support received from the Anhui Provincial Excellent Scientific Research and Innovation Team(2023AH010050)the Key Research and Development Plan of Anhui Province(202204c06020013,202204c06020029)+1 种基金the“Biology and Medicine”key subject of Hefei University(2023xk05)the open research project of Anhui Ecological Fermentation Engineering Research Center for Functional Fruit Beverage(FSKFKT015)。
文摘In this study,polysaccharides were extracted from blueberry fruit(BFP)and isolated to 3 components(BFP-1,BFP-2 and BFP-3).The molecular weight,monosaccharide composition,characteristic groups,microscopic morphology,and triple helical conformation of the polysaccharides were characterized using high performance permeation chromatography,high performance liquid chromatography,gas chromatographymass spectrometry,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,scanning electron microscope and Congo red staining.Moreover,the hypolipidemic and immunological activities of the polysaccharides were also assessed.Results showed that the molecular weights of polysaccharides BFP-1,BFP-2,and BFP-3 were 5.547×10^(4),5.671×10^(4),and 3.951×10^(4)Da,respectively,the main monosaccharides were glucose(Glc),galactose(Gal)and arabinose(Ara),but BFP-3 was mainly composed of galacturonic acid(Gal A),Glc,Gal,and Ara.The backbone of BFP-1 was→4)-Glcp-(1→,which branches to Ara and xylose(Xyl)residues,while the backbone of BFP-2 was→5)-Araf-(1→,which branches to Xyl,Glc,rhamnose(Rha)and Gal residues,in particularly,BFP-3 has a more complex branching with a→3,6)-Galp-(1→)backbone,the side chain is dominated by Araf-(1→).Blueberry polysaccharides are pyran-type polysaccharides withα-glycosidic bonds,and BFP-1 has a typical triple-helical structure.The activity assay revealed that the binding of BFP-3 to sodium glycylcholate hydrate and sodium taurocholate was 79.95%and 78.50%,respectively,indicating that it had better hypolipidemic activity than the others.Immunoactivity assay showed that BFP promoted NO secretion through activating the NF-κB signalling pathway in RAW264.7 cells,which played a role in enhancing the immune function of the organism.These findings may provide a reference for the development and application of blueberry polysaccharides in functional food and medicine.
文摘Through literature analysis and case study, the introduction history, variety selection (high bush, half high bush, low bush) and regional cultivation techniques of blueberry in China were summarized, and the practical effects of precision cultivation (water and fertilizer integration, wild planting) and under-forest economic model (forest-blueberry-fungus system, ecological tourism) were evaluated. It provided a technical reference for expanding the planting scale of blueberry and improving the fruit quality.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2022E099)Daqing Guidance Fund for Science and Technology Planning Project(zd-2023-63)San Heng San Zong Support Program of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University(ZRCPY202216).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to realize the rapid and nondestructive identification of blueberry producing areas and protect benefits of high-quality blueberry brands.[Methods]Five types of blueberries from different regions were selected as experimental subjects,and spectral analysis techniques were combined with deep learning.Firstly,standard normal variable transform(SNV)and convolutional smoothing(SG)were used to deal with scattering noise and other issues in original spectral data.Secondly,due to a large amount of redundant information and high correlation between adjacent wavelengths in the collected spectra,continuous projection algorithm(SPA)and partial least squares regression(PLS)were combined for screening of features with RMSE as the indicator,and 40 feature variables were obtained.Finally,a convolutional network model CNN-SE integrating a Squeeze and Excitation(SE)attention mechanism module was constructed and compared with convolutional neural network(CNN),support vector machine(SVM),and BP neural network.[Results]The CNN-SE model had the best effect,with the accuracy and precision of the test set reaching 95%and 94.56%,respectively,and the recall and F 1 score reaching 93.94%and 94.24%,respectively.[Conclusions]The CNN-SE convolution network model can realize rapid,nondestructive and high-throughout identification of blueberry producing areas.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Start-up Fund for PhD of Zhaoqing University(210046&240013)the Zhaoqing Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project(2023040308015)+2 种基金the Youth Foundation of Zhaoqing University(QN202439)Guangdong Provincial College Student Innovation Project(S202310580044)the Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates of Zhaoqing University(X202410580116).
文摘Blueberries have recently gained popularity as a"superfruit"among consumers worldwide.The rise of healthy eating concepts has led to widespread recognition of the nutritional content and antioxidant properties of blueberries,boosting the blueberry industry s rapid growth.Blueberry production and processing are currently major elements of the agricultural economy in many nations and regions,including the United States,Canada,and Europe.The blueberry business has developed a reasonably mature industrial chain that includes planting,harvesting,processing,sales,and other components.The blueberry industry in China started relatively late.However,with the growth of market demand and consumer attention to healthy food,the blueberry planting area has been expanding every year.Several provinces and cities in China are actively promoting the construction of blueberry planting bases and gradually expanding from planting to deep processing fields,forming diversified products,including fresh fruits,dried fruits,jams,and blueberry drinks.With advancements in technology and innovation in management models,the efficiency and market competitiveness of blueberry cultivation are progressively improving.The blueberry industry has broad prospects.On the one hand,the ongoing enhancement of consumer health needs is expected to elevate the market demand for blueberries as high-value functional foods;alternatively,the advancement of planting technology and cold chain logistics may further optimize the yield and quality of the blueberry industry.The production of deep-processed blueberry goods will become a significant highlight of industrial development,enhancing the market value.This study aimed to investigate the various categories of blueberries,the blueberry industry s current state of development,and the challenges it encounters.In summary,the blueberry sector possesses significant future potential,but it also faces problems,including planting practices,market competitiveness,and brand development.The blueberry industry can expand and industrialize due to creative developments.
