Fenton/Fenton-like reactions have gained popularity for their remarkable proficiency in decomposing organic pollutants,especially when enhanced by reductants addition for accel-erating the Fe2+regeneration.Nevertheles...Fenton/Fenton-like reactions have gained popularity for their remarkable proficiency in decomposing organic pollutants,especially when enhanced by reductants addition for accel-erating the Fe2+regeneration.Nevertheless,these works predominantly centered on the formation and utilization of hydroxyl radicals(•OH)in the process,neglecting the evolution of oxidant and reductant due to the difficulty in the simultaneous determination of these two components.By employing the quenching-iodometric method,we could simultaneously determine the concentrations of HSO_(3)-and peroxydisulfate(PDS).This method first employed an excess of peroxymonosulfate(PMS)to effectively quench HSO_(3)-,and then used the iodometric spectrophotometry to simultaneously determine the concentrations of PMS and PDS in the reaction system.Finally,through precise stoichiometric relationships,we could accurately calculate the concentration of HSO_(3)-.Based on this method,we achieved concentration measurements that,upon linear fitting,yielded a correlation coefficient(R^(2))surpassing 0.99,unequivocally affirming the method’s accuracy and trustworthiness.In this work,an innovation approach for determining the concentrations of HSO_(3)-(reductant)and PDS(oxidant)was explored.Additionally,the resilience of the method was verified across different pH levels and in the presence of diverse impurity ions.The results ensured precise concentration measure-ments in the real wastewater.This method was characterized by its simplicity,rapid analysis,and environmental friendliness,offering a newanalytical strategy for the determination of PDS and HSO_(3)-in environmental samples.The method enables more meticulous monitoring of chemical usage in water treatment,facilitating optimized dosing strategies and assessments of reductant-enhanced Fenton or Fenton-like system in water purification.展开更多
The effects of bisulfite-activated permanganate technology(PM/BS)as a pre-oxidation process on enhancing Microcystis aeruginosa(M.aeruginosa)removal by post coagulation were investigated.The results demonstrated that ...The effects of bisulfite-activated permanganate technology(PM/BS)as a pre-oxidation process on enhancing Microcystis aeruginosa(M.aeruginosa)removal by post coagulation were investigated.The results demonstrated that pretreatment with PM/BS process effectively promoted the algae removal by coagulation with Al2(SO4)3 as the coagulant and this phenomenon was more obvious with the increase of water hardness.Compared to the sole coagulation,PM/BS pre-oxidation combing with coagulation could neutralize the zeta potential of algal cells effectively,decrease the algal cell size,and lead to the formation of more compact flocs due to the in-situ generated Mn02.The effect of oxidant dosages on algal organic matter(AOM)was also studied and no obvious release of macromolecular substances was observed with the dosage of KMn04 increasing from 3.0 mg/L to 7.0 mg/L,suggesting the integrity of algal cells at a high KMn04 dosage.Moreover,PM/BS pre-oxidation could lead to the decrease of most analyzed disinfection by-products(DBPs)at a Al2(SO4)3 dosage of 40.0 mg/L.The algae removal efficiency was also significantly enhanced by PM/BS pre-oxidation in the test using real algae-laden water.This study indicated that PM/BS process might be a potential assistant technology for algae removal by subsequent coagulation.展开更多
Bisulfite(HSO_3) is an important sulfur dioxide(SO_2) derivative, which plays a major role in many physiological processes and is also closely associated with a variety of diseases. Thus the development of highly sele...Bisulfite(HSO_3) is an important sulfur dioxide(SO_2) derivative, which plays a major role in many physiological processes and is also closely associated with a variety of diseases. Thus the development of highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probes is essential to detect HSO_3 in living cells. In this work,we report the synthesis and analysis of a ratiometric fluorescent probe for selective detection of HSO_3 based on the 1,4-nucleophilic addition reaction with the carbazole as an electron donor(D) and aldehyde group as an electron acceptor(A). The addition of HSO_3 and other ions to our probe can be observed by UV vis and fluorescence spectrometry. Our investigation proved that the probe is highly selective and sensitive for HSO_3 and ratiometric changes. Moreover, the probe has good cell permeability and was successfully applied to the detection of exogenous HSO_3 in Hela cells and C. elegans.展开更多
Two wheat varieties with similar yield and significantly different protein content were chosen to study the effect of foliage spraying sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) at low concentration to wheat plants receiving different...Two wheat varieties with similar yield and significantly different protein content were chosen to study the effect of foliage spraying sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) at low concentration to wheat plants receiving different levels of nitrogen on nitrate reduction along with yield and protein content of grain, so as to discuss the relationship between carbon metabolism and nitrogen metabolism, and find out the intrinsic mechanism of grain yield and protein content formation. The results showed that spraying NaHSO3 at grain-filing stage increased the yield of grain, but declined the capacity of nitrate reduction, which might result in decrease of protein content in the end. Whether receiving NaHSO, or not, the variety with high protein content had higher final protein level and nitrate reduction capacity than that with low protein content.展开更多
Summary:Sodium bisulfite could add to the central methine bridge of biliver- din in methanol,and give sodium bilirubin-10-sulfonate,however no bilirubin was formed.
The bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS) protocol has gained worldwide popularity as the method of choice for analyzing DNA methylation. It is this popular because it is a powerful protocol and it may be coupled with ma...The bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS) protocol has gained worldwide popularity as the method of choice for analyzing DNA methylation. It is this popular because it is a powerful protocol and it may be coupled with many other applications. However, users often run into a slew ofproblems, including incomplete conversion,overly degraded DNA, sub-optimal PCR amplifications, false positives, uninformative results, or altogether failed experiments. We pinpoint the reasons why these problems arise and carefully explain the critical steps toward accomplishing a successful experiment step-by-step. This protocol has worked successfully (>99.9% conversion) on as little as 100 ng of DNA derived from nearly 10-year-old DNA samples extracted from whole blood stored at -80°C and resulted in enough converted DNA for more than 50 PCRreactions. The aim of this article is to makelearning and usage of BGS easier, more efficient and standardized for all users.展开更多
This study presents an innovative dual-lock-and-key fluorescent probe engineered for the simultaneous detection of bisulfite and viscosity.The functionalized probe,(E)-2-(1-ethyl-2-(N-methylquinolinevinyl)quinolin-4(1...This study presents an innovative dual-lock-and-key fluorescent probe engineered for the simultaneous detection of bisulfite and viscosity.The functionalized probe,(E)-2-(1-ethyl-2-(N-methylquinolinevinyl)quinolin-4(1H)-ylidene)malononitrile(QC-QNM),was strategically synthesized by conjugating the quinolylmalononitrile and N-methylquinolinium through an ethylene bridge.Within this construction,the N-methylquinolinium selectively targets bisulfite,while the vinyl moiety serves as a responsive rotor for viscosity.Notably,the presence of either sulfite or viscosity alone cannot elicit significant fluorescent responses from the probe.Conversely,concurrent exposure to both bisulfite and viscosity triggers enhanced fluorescent signals,indicative of an“AND”logic gate characteristic.Quantum chemical calculations were further applied to rationalize the working mechanism of the probe.Additionally,the excellent biocompatibility of this probe in cellular imaging experiments highlights its potential for specific mitochondrial imaging by modulating both exogenous/endogenous bisulfite levels alongside viscosity induced by monensin.This novel approach thereby offers a distinctive analytical tool for monitoring the coexistence of viscosity and bisulfite in specific metabolic and physiological contexts.展开更多
A straightforward three-component decarboxylative cross-coupling ofα-keto acids,alkenes and sodium bisulfite is established for the construction of otherwise challenging-to-accessβ-keto sultine derivatives.This reac...A straightforward three-component decarboxylative cross-coupling ofα-keto acids,alkenes and sodium bisulfite is established for the construction of otherwise challenging-to-accessβ-keto sultine derivatives.This reaction involves the photoinduced carbonylsulfination of alkenes and utilizes sodium bisulfite as both a sulfur dioxide surrogate and buffer agent for deprotonation ofα-keto carboxylic acids.Of note,the practical procedure featured broad substrate scope and group tolerance for diverse biologically important molecules under mild and operationally simple conditions,using an organic photocatalyst.Mechanistic studies indicated that the transformation proceeds an apparent two-pronged radical addition/radical-polar crossover/SO_(2) insertion/ionic cyclization relay process,distinct from traditional alkenes bifunctionalization.展开更多
Bisulfite sequencing(BS-seq)technology measures DNA methylation at single nucleotide resolution.A key task in BSseq data analysis is to identify differentially methylation(DM)under different conditions.Here we provide...Bisulfite sequencing(BS-seq)technology measures DNA methylation at single nucleotide resolution.A key task in BSseq data analysis is to identify differentially methylation(DM)under different conditions.Here we provide a tutorial for BS-seq DM analysis using Bioconductor package DSS.DSS uses a beta-binomial model to characterize the sequence counts from BS-seq,and implements rigorous statistical method for hypothesis testing.It provides flexible functionalities for a variety of DM analyses.展开更多
Straightforward etherification of benzyl alcohols （1） via intermolecular dehydration can be efficiently catalyzed by sodium bisulfite under solvent-free conditions. In the presence of 0.3 mol% or 0.6 mol% amount of ...Straightforward etherification of benzyl alcohols （1） via intermolecular dehydration can be efficiently catalyzed by sodium bisulfite under solvent-free conditions. In the presence of 0.3 mol% or 0.6 mol% amount of sodium bisulfite, symmetric and unsymmetric ethers are prepared from the corresponding alcohols in high yields （up to 95%）. Etherification of benzhydryl alcohols is also discussed.展开更多
Without oxidant, sodium bisulfite reacted with polyfluoroalkyl iodides and bromides in aqueous DMF solution to give the corresponding sulfinates in good yields.
The next generation sequencing enables generation of high resolution and high throughput data for structure sequence of any genome at a fast declining cost. This opens opportunity for population based genetic and geno...The next generation sequencing enables generation of high resolution and high throughput data for structure sequence of any genome at a fast declining cost. This opens opportunity for population based genetic and genomic analyses. In many applications, whole genome sequencing or re-sequencing is unnecessary or prohibited by budget limits. The Reduced Representation Genome Sequencing （RRGS）, which sequences only a small proportion of the genome of interest, has been proposed to deal with the situations. Several forms of RRGS are proposed and implemented in the literature. When applied to plant or crop species, the current RRGS protocols shared a key drawback that a significantly high proportion （up to 60%） of sequence reads to be generated may be of non-genomic origin but attributed to chloroplast DNA or rRNA genes, leaving an exceptional low efficiency of the sequencing experiment. We recommended and discussed here the design of optimized simplified genomic DNA and bisulfite sequencing strategies, which may greatly improves efficiency of the sequencing experiments by bringing down the presentation of the undesirable sequencing reads to less than 10% in the whole sequence reads. The optimized RAD- seq and RRBS-seq methods are potentially useful for sequence variant screening and genotyping in large plant/crop populations.展开更多
Sulfur dioxide（SO_2） is a harmful environmental pollutant. Inhaled SO_2 can be rapidly hydrated into its derivatives, bisulfite（HSO_3^-） and sulfite（SO_3^（2-））. SO_2 derivatives are well known as preservatives...Sulfur dioxide（SO_2） is a harmful environmental pollutant. Inhaled SO_2 can be rapidly hydrated into its derivatives, bisulfite（HSO_3^-） and sulfite（SO_3^（2-））. SO_2 derivatives are well known as preservatives and antioxidants, which are used in food and beverages to prevent oxidation and bacterial growth. Although SO_2 can be endogenously generated in mammals and exhibits unique bioactivities in regulating cardiovascular function, excessive SO_2 and its derivatives have toxic effects on humans and animals for triggering adverse reactions and diseases. A large number of fluorescent probes for SO_2 and its derivatives have been designed and reported due to their high sensitivity and selectivity, high temporal and spatial resolution, non-invasive and non-destructive detection as well as real-time visualization in situ. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress of Michael addition-based fluorescent probes for SO_2 and its derivatives. These probes are categorized and concluded according to the different α,β-unsaturated compounds（i.e., Michael acceptors）. The design strategies, sensing performances, detection mechanisms and applications of these probes are discussed in detailed. Finally, a general overview about the design of probes for SO_2 and its derivatives is provided, which will facilitate the development of ideal probes for SO_2 and its derivatives.展开更多
Chenghua(CH)pig and Qingyu(QY)pig are typical Chinese native fatty breeds.CH pig is mainly distributed in Chengdu Plain,while QY pig is widely distributed throughout the mountain areas around the Sichuan Basin.There a...Chenghua(CH)pig and Qingyu(QY)pig are typical Chinese native fatty breeds.CH pig is mainly distributed in Chengdu Plain,while QY pig is widely distributed throughout the mountain areas around the Sichuan Basin.There are significant differences in their phenotypic traits,including body image,growth performance,and meat quality.This study compared several meat quality traits of CH and QY pigs and conducted a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing(RRBS).It was observed that the pH at 45 min(pH_(45min),P=5.22e-13),lightness at 45 min(L^(*)_(45min),P=4.85e-5),and lightness at 24 h(L^(*)_(24h),P=3.57e-5)of CH pigs were higher than those of QY pigs.We detected 10699 differentially methylated cytosines(DMCs)and 2760 differentially methylated genes(DMGs)associated with these DMCs.Functional analysis showed that these DMGs were mainly enriched in the AMPK signaling pathway,Type II diabetes mellitus,Insulin signaling pathway,mTOR signaling pathway,and Insulin resistance.Furthermore,15 DMGs were associated with fat metabolism(ACACA,CAB39,CRADD,CRTC2,FASN,and GCK),muscle development(HK2,IKBKB,MTOR,PIK3CD,PPARGC1A,and RPTOR),or meat quality traits(PCK1,PRKAG2,and SLC2A4).The findings may help to understand further the epigenetic regulation mechanisms of meat quality traits in pigs and provide new basic data for the study of local pigs.展开更多
AIM: To understand CD133 promoter hypermethyl-ation and expression in 32 colorectal cancer cell lines. METHODS: Nucleic acid was isolated from 32 colorectal cancer cell lines and CD133 expression levels were measured ...AIM: To understand CD133 promoter hypermethyl-ation and expression in 32 colorectal cancer cell lines. METHODS: Nucleic acid was isolated from 32 colorectal cancer cell lines and CD133 expression levels were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. Promoter methylation status of the CD133 gene was analyzed with a methylation-specific PCR after sodium-bisulfi te modification and by clonal sequencing analysis. The correlation between expression and promoter methylation of CD133 gene was confirmed with treatment of 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine. RESULTS: We measured CD133 expression levels in 32 colorectal cancer cell lines. RT-PCR analysis showed undetectable or low levels of CD133 expression in 34.4%of cell lines. To verify the relation between CD133 expression and methylation status of the CD133 gene promoter in colorectal carcinogenesis, CD133 gene promoter hypermethylation was analyzed in 32 cancer cell lines. Promoter hypermethylation was detected in 13 (40.6%) of the cell lines using methylation specificPCR and confirmed by bisulfite sequencing analysis. Treatment of 11 of the cell lines with the demethylation agent 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine recovered CD133 expression in most of them. CONCLUSION: Transcriptional repression of CD133 is caused by promoter hypermethylation of the CD133 CpG islands in some of colorectal cancer cell lines. The study may contribute to the understanding of the role of CD133 inactivation in the progression of colorectal cancers.展开更多
O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme, has been reported in some congenital malformations, but it is less frequently reported in neural tube defects. This study investigated MGMT mRNA expre...O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme, has been reported in some congenital malformations, but it is less frequently reported in neural tube defects. This study investigated MGMT mRNA expression and methylation levels in the early embryo and in different embryonic stages, as well as the relationship between MGMT and neural tube defects. Spina bifida aperta was induced in rats by a single intragastric administration of all-trans retinoic acid on embryonic day(E) 10, whereas normal control rats received the same amount of olive oil on the same embryonic day. DNA damage was assessed by detecting γ-H2 A.X in spina bifida aperta rats. Real time-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine mRNA expression of MGMT in normal control and spina bifida aperta rats. In normal controls, the MGMT mRNA expression decreased with increasing embryonic days, and was remarkably reduced from E11 to E14, reaching a minimum at E18. In the spina bifida aperta model, γ-H2 A.X protein expression was increased, and mRNA expression of MGMT was markedly decreased on E14, E16, and E18. Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction for MGMT promoter methylation demonstrated that almost all CpG sites in the MGMT promoter remained unmethylated in both spina bifida aperta rats and normal controls, and there was no significant difference in methylation level between the two groups on either E14 or E18. Our results show that DNA damage occurs in spina bifida aperta rats. The mRNA expression of MGMT is downregulated, and this downregulation is independent of promoter DNA methylation.展开更多
Background Wool fibers are valuable materials for textile industry.Typical wool fibers are divided into medullated and non-medullated types,with the former generated from primary wool follicles and the latter by eithe...Background Wool fibers are valuable materials for textile industry.Typical wool fibers are divided into medullated and non-medullated types,with the former generated from primary wool follicles and the latter by either primary or secondary wool follicles.The medullated wool is a common wool type in the ancestors of fine wool sheep before breeding.The fine wool sheep have a non-medullated coat.However,the critical period determining the type of wool follicles is the embryonic stage,which limits the phenotypic observation and variant contrast,making both selection and studies of wool type variation fairly difficult.Results During the breeding of a modern fine(MF)wool sheep population with multiple-ovulation and embryo transfer technique,we serendipitously discovered lambs with ancestral-like coarse(ALC)wool.Whole-genome rese-quencing confirmed ALC wool lambs as a variant type from the MF wool population.We mapped the significantly associated methylation locus on chromosome 4 by using whole genome bisulfite sequencing signals,and in turn identified the SOSTDC1 gene as exons hypermethylated in ALC wool lambs compare to their half/full sibling MF wool lambs.Transcriptome sequencing found that SOSTDC1 was expressed dozens of times more in ALC wool lamb skin than that of MF and was at the top of all differentially expressed genes.An analogy with the transcriptome of coarse/fine wool breeds revealed that differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways at postnatal lamb stage in ALC/MF were highly similar to those at the embryonic stage in the former.Further experiments validated that the SOSTDC1 gene was specifically highly expressed in the nucleus of the dermal papilla of primary wool follicles.Conclusion In this study,we conducted genome-wide differential methylation site association analysis on differen-tial wool type trait,and located the only CpG locus that strongly associated with primary wool follicle development.Combined with transcriptome analysis,SOSTDC1 was identified as the only gene at this locus that was specifically overexpressed in the primary wool follicle stem cells of ALC wool lamb skin.The discovery of this key gene and its epigenetic regulation contributes to understanding the domestication and breeding of fine wool sheep.展开更多
Recent understanding of the role of epigenetic regulation in health and disease has necessitated the development of newer and efficient methods to map the methylation pattern of target gene. In this article we report ...Recent understanding of the role of epigenetic regulation in health and disease has necessitated the development of newer and efficient methods to map the methylation pattern of target gene. In this article we report construction of a stage-scanning laser confocal microscope (SLCM) and associated protocol that determines the methylation status of target gene. We have adapted restricted Sanger’s sequencing where fluorescine labeled primers and dideoxy guanine fraction alone are used for target amplification and termination at cytosine positions. Amplified ssDNA bands are separated in 6% denaturing PAGE and scanned using SLCM to sequence the positions of methylated cytosines. We demonstrate that our me- thodology can detect < 100 femtomoles of DNA, and resolve the position of cytosine within ± 2 nucleotide. In a calibration run using a designer DNA of 99 bases, our methodology had resolved all the 11 cytosine positions of the DNA. We have further demonstrated the utility of apparatus by mapping methylation status in the Exon-1 region of a gene, E-Cadherin, in the plasma DNA sample of a healthy subject. We believe our approach constitute a low cost alternative to conventional DNA sequencers and can help develop methylation based DNA biomarkers for the diagnosis of disease and in therapeutics.展开更多
Analyses of DNA methylation in human cancers have identified hypermethylation of individual genes and diminished methylation at repeat elements as common alterations,and have thereby provided important mechanistic ins...Analyses of DNA methylation in human cancers have identified hypermethylation of individual genes and diminished methylation at repeat elements as common alterations,and have thereby provided important mechanistic insights into cancer biology as well as biomarkers for cancer detection,prognosis and prediction of therapy responses.The techniques available in the past were best suited for investigations of individual candidate genes and sequences,whereas recently developed high-throughput techniques promise to generate unbiased and comprehensive surveys of DNA methylation states across entire genomes.In this minireview we give a short overview of established and novel techniques and outline some major questions that can now be addressed to develop further cancer biomarkers and therapies based on DNA methylation.展开更多
We report the convenient synthesis of a benzobis(imidazolium)-embedded conjugated polyelectrolyte pBBI by a Cu-catalyzed direct C–H arylation of a cationic benzobis(imidazolium)monomer with a di-iodide comonomer.pBBI...We report the convenient synthesis of a benzobis(imidazolium)-embedded conjugated polyelectrolyte pBBI by a Cu-catalyzed direct C–H arylation of a cationic benzobis(imidazolium)monomer with a di-iodide comonomer.pBBI shows weak fluorescence in solution due to rotation of the repeat units in the conjugated backbone,and enhanced fluorescence when electrostatically interacting with a variety of an-ions to form aggregates.Specially,pBBI responds to the bisulfite anion with intensified unique deep-blue fluorescence easily discriminated by naked eye.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Scienc Foundation of China(No.52400097)the Nanqiang Young Talents Supporting Program from Xiamen University.
文摘Fenton/Fenton-like reactions have gained popularity for their remarkable proficiency in decomposing organic pollutants,especially when enhanced by reductants addition for accel-erating the Fe2+regeneration.Nevertheless,these works predominantly centered on the formation and utilization of hydroxyl radicals(•OH)in the process,neglecting the evolution of oxidant and reductant due to the difficulty in the simultaneous determination of these two components.By employing the quenching-iodometric method,we could simultaneously determine the concentrations of HSO_(3)-and peroxydisulfate(PDS).This method first employed an excess of peroxymonosulfate(PMS)to effectively quench HSO_(3)-,and then used the iodometric spectrophotometry to simultaneously determine the concentrations of PMS and PDS in the reaction system.Finally,through precise stoichiometric relationships,we could accurately calculate the concentration of HSO_(3)-.Based on this method,we achieved concentration measurements that,upon linear fitting,yielded a correlation coefficient(R^(2))surpassing 0.99,unequivocally affirming the method’s accuracy and trustworthiness.In this work,an innovation approach for determining the concentrations of HSO_(3)-(reductant)and PDS(oxidant)was explored.Additionally,the resilience of the method was verified across different pH levels and in the presence of diverse impurity ions.The results ensured precise concentration measure-ments in the real wastewater.This method was characterized by its simplicity,rapid analysis,and environmental friendliness,offering a newanalytical strategy for the determination of PDS and HSO_(3)-in environmental samples.The method enables more meticulous monitoring of chemical usage in water treatment,facilitating optimized dosing strategies and assessments of reductant-enhanced Fenton or Fenton-like system in water purification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21976133)。
文摘The effects of bisulfite-activated permanganate technology(PM/BS)as a pre-oxidation process on enhancing Microcystis aeruginosa(M.aeruginosa)removal by post coagulation were investigated.The results demonstrated that pretreatment with PM/BS process effectively promoted the algae removal by coagulation with Al2(SO4)3 as the coagulant and this phenomenon was more obvious with the increase of water hardness.Compared to the sole coagulation,PM/BS pre-oxidation combing with coagulation could neutralize the zeta potential of algal cells effectively,decrease the algal cell size,and lead to the formation of more compact flocs due to the in-situ generated Mn02.The effect of oxidant dosages on algal organic matter(AOM)was also studied and no obvious release of macromolecular substances was observed with the dosage of KMn04 increasing from 3.0 mg/L to 7.0 mg/L,suggesting the integrity of algal cells at a high KMn04 dosage.Moreover,PM/BS pre-oxidation could lead to the decrease of most analyzed disinfection by-products(DBPs)at a Al2(SO4)3 dosage of 40.0 mg/L.The algae removal efficiency was also significantly enhanced by PM/BS pre-oxidation in the test using real algae-laden water.This study indicated that PM/BS process might be a potential assistant technology for algae removal by subsequent coagulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21262050,21302165,21867019 and 41561108)the Foundation of the Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province(Nos.2014HB008,2017HB019)
文摘Bisulfite(HSO_3) is an important sulfur dioxide(SO_2) derivative, which plays a major role in many physiological processes and is also closely associated with a variety of diseases. Thus the development of highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probes is essential to detect HSO_3 in living cells. In this work,we report the synthesis and analysis of a ratiometric fluorescent probe for selective detection of HSO_3 based on the 1,4-nucleophilic addition reaction with the carbazole as an electron donor(D) and aldehyde group as an electron acceptor(A). The addition of HSO_3 and other ions to our probe can be observed by UV vis and fluorescence spectrometry. Our investigation proved that the probe is highly selective and sensitive for HSO_3 and ratiometric changes. Moreover, the probe has good cell permeability and was successfully applied to the detection of exogenous HSO_3 in Hela cells and C. elegans.
文摘Two wheat varieties with similar yield and significantly different protein content were chosen to study the effect of foliage spraying sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) at low concentration to wheat plants receiving different levels of nitrogen on nitrate reduction along with yield and protein content of grain, so as to discuss the relationship between carbon metabolism and nitrogen metabolism, and find out the intrinsic mechanism of grain yield and protein content formation. The results showed that spraying NaHSO3 at grain-filing stage increased the yield of grain, but declined the capacity of nitrate reduction, which might result in decrease of protein content in the end. Whether receiving NaHSO, or not, the variety with high protein content had higher final protein level and nitrate reduction capacity than that with low protein content.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Funda-tion of China(86020219)
文摘Summary:Sodium bisulfite could add to the central methine bridge of biliver- din in methanol,and give sodium bilirubin-10-sulfonate,however no bilirubin was formed.
文摘The bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS) protocol has gained worldwide popularity as the method of choice for analyzing DNA methylation. It is this popular because it is a powerful protocol and it may be coupled with many other applications. However, users often run into a slew ofproblems, including incomplete conversion,overly degraded DNA, sub-optimal PCR amplifications, false positives, uninformative results, or altogether failed experiments. We pinpoint the reasons why these problems arise and carefully explain the critical steps toward accomplishing a successful experiment step-by-step. This protocol has worked successfully (>99.9% conversion) on as little as 100 ng of DNA derived from nearly 10-year-old DNA samples extracted from whole blood stored at -80°C and resulted in enough converted DNA for more than 50 PCRreactions. The aim of this article is to makelearning and usage of BGS easier, more efficient and standardized for all users.
基金supported by the Liaoning Provincial Key Research and Development Project(Civil Science and Technology,2024JH2/102500053)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization(Dalian Minzu University),Ministry of Education of China(KF2024009)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(LJ212410167039,JTTMS1618)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278038,12374368)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2203011)。
文摘This study presents an innovative dual-lock-and-key fluorescent probe engineered for the simultaneous detection of bisulfite and viscosity.The functionalized probe,(E)-2-(1-ethyl-2-(N-methylquinolinevinyl)quinolin-4(1H)-ylidene)malononitrile(QC-QNM),was strategically synthesized by conjugating the quinolylmalononitrile and N-methylquinolinium through an ethylene bridge.Within this construction,the N-methylquinolinium selectively targets bisulfite,while the vinyl moiety serves as a responsive rotor for viscosity.Notably,the presence of either sulfite or viscosity alone cannot elicit significant fluorescent responses from the probe.Conversely,concurrent exposure to both bisulfite and viscosity triggers enhanced fluorescent signals,indicative of an“AND”logic gate characteristic.Quantum chemical calculations were further applied to rationalize the working mechanism of the probe.Additionally,the excellent biocompatibility of this probe in cellular imaging experiments highlights its potential for specific mitochondrial imaging by modulating both exogenous/endogenous bisulfite levels alongside viscosity induced by monensin.This novel approach thereby offers a distinctive analytical tool for monitoring the coexistence of viscosity and bisulfite in specific metabolic and physiological contexts.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1700500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22301093)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the Central China Normal University(CCNU)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Shuguang Project.
文摘A straightforward three-component decarboxylative cross-coupling ofα-keto acids,alkenes and sodium bisulfite is established for the construction of otherwise challenging-to-accessβ-keto sultine derivatives.This reaction involves the photoinduced carbonylsulfination of alkenes and utilizes sodium bisulfite as both a sulfur dioxide surrogate and buffer agent for deprotonation ofα-keto carboxylic acids.Of note,the practical procedure featured broad substrate scope and group tolerance for diverse biologically important molecules under mild and operationally simple conditions,using an organic photocatalyst.Mechanistic studies indicated that the transformation proceeds an apparent two-pronged radical addition/radical-polar crossover/SO_(2) insertion/ionic cyclization relay process,distinct from traditional alkenes bifunctionalization.
文摘Bisulfite sequencing(BS-seq)technology measures DNA methylation at single nucleotide resolution.A key task in BSseq data analysis is to identify differentially methylation(DM)under different conditions.Here we provide a tutorial for BS-seq DM analysis using Bioconductor package DSS.DSS uses a beta-binomial model to characterize the sequence counts from BS-seq,and implements rigorous statistical method for hypothesis testing.It provides flexible functionalities for a variety of DM analyses.
文摘Straightforward etherification of benzyl alcohols （1） via intermolecular dehydration can be efficiently catalyzed by sodium bisulfite under solvent-free conditions. In the presence of 0.3 mol% or 0.6 mol% amount of sodium bisulfite, symmetric and unsymmetric ethers are prepared from the corresponding alcohols in high yields （up to 95%）. Etherification of benzhydryl alcohols is also discussed.
文摘Without oxidant, sodium bisulfite reacted with polyfluoroalkyl iodides and bromides in aqueous DMF solution to give the corresponding sulfinates in good yields.
文摘The next generation sequencing enables generation of high resolution and high throughput data for structure sequence of any genome at a fast declining cost. This opens opportunity for population based genetic and genomic analyses. In many applications, whole genome sequencing or re-sequencing is unnecessary or prohibited by budget limits. The Reduced Representation Genome Sequencing （RRGS）, which sequences only a small proportion of the genome of interest, has been proposed to deal with the situations. Several forms of RRGS are proposed and implemented in the literature. When applied to plant or crop species, the current RRGS protocols shared a key drawback that a significantly high proportion （up to 60%） of sequence reads to be generated may be of non-genomic origin but attributed to chloroplast DNA or rRNA genes, leaving an exceptional low efficiency of the sequencing experiment. We recommended and discussed here the design of optimized simplified genomic DNA and bisulfite sequencing strategies, which may greatly improves efficiency of the sequencing experiments by bringing down the presentation of the undesirable sequencing reads to less than 10% in the whole sequence reads. The optimized RAD- seq and RRBS-seq methods are potentially useful for sequence variant screening and genotyping in large plant/crop populations.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFD0501406)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31400301, 31560712)
文摘Sulfur dioxide（SO_2） is a harmful environmental pollutant. Inhaled SO_2 can be rapidly hydrated into its derivatives, bisulfite（HSO_3^-） and sulfite（SO_3^（2-））. SO_2 derivatives are well known as preservatives and antioxidants, which are used in food and beverages to prevent oxidation and bacterial growth. Although SO_2 can be endogenously generated in mammals and exhibits unique bioactivities in regulating cardiovascular function, excessive SO_2 and its derivatives have toxic effects on humans and animals for triggering adverse reactions and diseases. A large number of fluorescent probes for SO_2 and its derivatives have been designed and reported due to their high sensitivity and selectivity, high temporal and spatial resolution, non-invasive and non-destructive detection as well as real-time visualization in situ. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress of Michael addition-based fluorescent probes for SO_2 and its derivatives. These probes are categorized and concluded according to the different α,β-unsaturated compounds（i.e., Michael acceptors）. The design strategies, sensing performances, detection mechanisms and applications of these probes are discussed in detailed. Finally, a general overview about the design of probes for SO_2 and its derivatives is provided, which will facilitate the development of ideal probes for SO_2 and its derivatives.
基金supported by the grants from the Sichuan Science and Technology Program, China (2020YFN0024)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-35-01A)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD0501204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (C170102)the Sichuan Innovation Team of Pig, China (sccxtd-2021-08)supported by the High-performance Computing Platform of Sichuan Agricultural University, China
文摘Chenghua(CH)pig and Qingyu(QY)pig are typical Chinese native fatty breeds.CH pig is mainly distributed in Chengdu Plain,while QY pig is widely distributed throughout the mountain areas around the Sichuan Basin.There are significant differences in their phenotypic traits,including body image,growth performance,and meat quality.This study compared several meat quality traits of CH and QY pigs and conducted a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing(RRBS).It was observed that the pH at 45 min(pH_(45min),P=5.22e-13),lightness at 45 min(L^(*)_(45min),P=4.85e-5),and lightness at 24 h(L^(*)_(24h),P=3.57e-5)of CH pigs were higher than those of QY pigs.We detected 10699 differentially methylated cytosines(DMCs)and 2760 differentially methylated genes(DMGs)associated with these DMCs.Functional analysis showed that these DMGs were mainly enriched in the AMPK signaling pathway,Type II diabetes mellitus,Insulin signaling pathway,mTOR signaling pathway,and Insulin resistance.Furthermore,15 DMGs were associated with fat metabolism(ACACA,CAB39,CRADD,CRTC2,FASN,and GCK),muscle development(HK2,IKBKB,MTOR,PIK3CD,PPARGC1A,and RPTOR),or meat quality traits(PCK1,PRKAG2,and SLC2A4).The findings may help to understand further the epigenetic regulation mechanisms of meat quality traits in pigs and provide new basic data for the study of local pigs.
基金Supported by (in part) The Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) funded by the Korean government (MEST R01-2008-000-20108-0)
文摘AIM: To understand CD133 promoter hypermethyl-ation and expression in 32 colorectal cancer cell lines. METHODS: Nucleic acid was isolated from 32 colorectal cancer cell lines and CD133 expression levels were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. Promoter methylation status of the CD133 gene was analyzed with a methylation-specific PCR after sodium-bisulfi te modification and by clonal sequencing analysis. The correlation between expression and promoter methylation of CD133 gene was confirmed with treatment of 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine. RESULTS: We measured CD133 expression levels in 32 colorectal cancer cell lines. RT-PCR analysis showed undetectable or low levels of CD133 expression in 34.4%of cell lines. To verify the relation between CD133 expression and methylation status of the CD133 gene promoter in colorectal carcinogenesis, CD133 gene promoter hypermethylation was analyzed in 32 cancer cell lines. Promoter hypermethylation was detected in 13 (40.6%) of the cell lines using methylation specificPCR and confirmed by bisulfite sequencing analysis. Treatment of 11 of the cell lines with the demethylation agent 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine recovered CD133 expression in most of them. CONCLUSION: Transcriptional repression of CD133 is caused by promoter hypermethylation of the CD133 CpG islands in some of colorectal cancer cell lines. The study may contribute to the understanding of the role of CD133 inactivation in the progression of colorectal cancers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81671469,81171072(to ZWY)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program),No.2013CB945402(to ZWY)the Program for Liaoning Innovative Research Team in University of China,No.LT2013016(to ZWY)
文摘O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme, has been reported in some congenital malformations, but it is less frequently reported in neural tube defects. This study investigated MGMT mRNA expression and methylation levels in the early embryo and in different embryonic stages, as well as the relationship between MGMT and neural tube defects. Spina bifida aperta was induced in rats by a single intragastric administration of all-trans retinoic acid on embryonic day(E) 10, whereas normal control rats received the same amount of olive oil on the same embryonic day. DNA damage was assessed by detecting γ-H2 A.X in spina bifida aperta rats. Real time-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine mRNA expression of MGMT in normal control and spina bifida aperta rats. In normal controls, the MGMT mRNA expression decreased with increasing embryonic days, and was remarkably reduced from E11 to E14, reaching a minimum at E18. In the spina bifida aperta model, γ-H2 A.X protein expression was increased, and mRNA expression of MGMT was markedly decreased on E14, E16, and E18. Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction for MGMT promoter methylation demonstrated that almost all CpG sites in the MGMT promoter remained unmethylated in both spina bifida aperta rats and normal controls, and there was no significant difference in methylation level between the two groups on either E14 or E18. Our results show that DNA damage occurs in spina bifida aperta rats. The mRNA expression of MGMT is downregulated, and this downregulation is independent of promoter DNA methylation.
基金the programs of National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF1000700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002145)+1 种基金the Major Project for Cultivation Technology of New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms of the Ministry of Agriculture(grant Nos.2016ZX08008-001 and 2013ZX08008-001)Ningxia Agricultural Breeding Project(NXNYYZ2015010).
文摘Background Wool fibers are valuable materials for textile industry.Typical wool fibers are divided into medullated and non-medullated types,with the former generated from primary wool follicles and the latter by either primary or secondary wool follicles.The medullated wool is a common wool type in the ancestors of fine wool sheep before breeding.The fine wool sheep have a non-medullated coat.However,the critical period determining the type of wool follicles is the embryonic stage,which limits the phenotypic observation and variant contrast,making both selection and studies of wool type variation fairly difficult.Results During the breeding of a modern fine(MF)wool sheep population with multiple-ovulation and embryo transfer technique,we serendipitously discovered lambs with ancestral-like coarse(ALC)wool.Whole-genome rese-quencing confirmed ALC wool lambs as a variant type from the MF wool population.We mapped the significantly associated methylation locus on chromosome 4 by using whole genome bisulfite sequencing signals,and in turn identified the SOSTDC1 gene as exons hypermethylated in ALC wool lambs compare to their half/full sibling MF wool lambs.Transcriptome sequencing found that SOSTDC1 was expressed dozens of times more in ALC wool lamb skin than that of MF and was at the top of all differentially expressed genes.An analogy with the transcriptome of coarse/fine wool breeds revealed that differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways at postnatal lamb stage in ALC/MF were highly similar to those at the embryonic stage in the former.Further experiments validated that the SOSTDC1 gene was specifically highly expressed in the nucleus of the dermal papilla of primary wool follicles.Conclusion In this study,we conducted genome-wide differential methylation site association analysis on differen-tial wool type trait,and located the only CpG locus that strongly associated with primary wool follicle development.Combined with transcriptome analysis,SOSTDC1 was identified as the only gene at this locus that was specifically overexpressed in the primary wool follicle stem cells of ALC wool lamb skin.The discovery of this key gene and its epigenetic regulation contributes to understanding the domestication and breeding of fine wool sheep.
文摘Recent understanding of the role of epigenetic regulation in health and disease has necessitated the development of newer and efficient methods to map the methylation pattern of target gene. In this article we report construction of a stage-scanning laser confocal microscope (SLCM) and associated protocol that determines the methylation status of target gene. We have adapted restricted Sanger’s sequencing where fluorescine labeled primers and dideoxy guanine fraction alone are used for target amplification and termination at cytosine positions. Amplified ssDNA bands are separated in 6% denaturing PAGE and scanned using SLCM to sequence the positions of methylated cytosines. We demonstrate that our me- thodology can detect < 100 femtomoles of DNA, and resolve the position of cytosine within ± 2 nucleotide. In a calibration run using a designer DNA of 99 bases, our methodology had resolved all the 11 cytosine positions of the DNA. We have further demonstrated the utility of apparatus by mapping methylation status in the Exon-1 region of a gene, E-Cadherin, in the plasma DNA sample of a healthy subject. We believe our approach constitute a low cost alternative to conventional DNA sequencers and can help develop methylation based DNA biomarkers for the diagnosis of disease and in therapeutics.
文摘Analyses of DNA methylation in human cancers have identified hypermethylation of individual genes and diminished methylation at repeat elements as common alterations,and have thereby provided important mechanistic insights into cancer biology as well as biomarkers for cancer detection,prognosis and prediction of therapy responses.The techniques available in the past were best suited for investigations of individual candidate genes and sequences,whereas recently developed high-throughput techniques promise to generate unbiased and comprehensive surveys of DNA methylation states across entire genomes.In this minireview we give a short overview of established and novel techniques and outline some major questions that can now be addressed to develop further cancer biomarkers and therapies based on DNA methylation.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21772134)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.20826041D4117).
文摘We report the convenient synthesis of a benzobis(imidazolium)-embedded conjugated polyelectrolyte pBBI by a Cu-catalyzed direct C–H arylation of a cationic benzobis(imidazolium)monomer with a di-iodide comonomer.pBBI shows weak fluorescence in solution due to rotation of the repeat units in the conjugated backbone,and enhanced fluorescence when electrostatically interacting with a variety of an-ions to form aggregates.Specially,pBBI responds to the bisulfite anion with intensified unique deep-blue fluorescence easily discriminated by naked eye.
