The cost of environmental analysis is becoming astronomically high at the global scale. One of the major trends in the respective research activities is the development of biotesting methods. Such methods, in addition...The cost of environmental analysis is becoming astronomically high at the global scale. One of the major trends in the respective research activities is the development of biotesting methods. Such methods, in addition to ecotoxicology, are highly demanded for environmental monitoring and ecological standardization. The development of biotesting in toxicology, however, is limited to the ＂battery of tests＂ paradigm, while environmental monitoring and ecological standardization are based on the ＂uniformity of measurements＂ paradigm. A ＂reference bioindicator＂ is proposed to harmonize these approaches. A reference bioindicator serves for comparison of data obtained by different bioindicators. This method was approved for the state environmental control. Application of reference bioindicators makes analytical procedure substantially cheaper. It requires, however, thorough calibration in relation to specific environmental factors （such as temperature, photoperiod etc.） as well as to specific active agents and their combinations. This problem can be solved with the start-up of calibrating analytical centers and long-term study of the effects of spatiotemporal environmental factors in specific areas and for specific reference objects. This paper demonstrates long-term study results for the surface waters of Pavlovsk reservoir （Bashkortostan, Russia）.展开更多
Since the Irtysh River flows through the important economic, ecological and social territories of China, Kazakhstan and Russia, the water quality issues growingly draw the attention of the water authorities from these...Since the Irtysh River flows through the important economic, ecological and social territories of China, Kazakhstan and Russia, the water quality issues growingly draw the attention of the water authorities from these countries. Therefore, a detailed study of the hydrochemical regime and toxicological indicators in Kazakhstan was carried out for understanding the regime dynamics of water quality and its affect factors. The combined assessment of maximum permissible concentration （MPC） of chemical components and biotesting method were proposed and performed for the study area. The results clearly showed that the concentrations of single chemical component at different locations are mostly under MPC standard in a basin scale. However, the watershed surface runoff and tributary stream flow from mining industry areas had high concentration of heavy metals and had significant impact on the water quality near Ust-Kamenogorsk. Furthermore, even the stream water generally meet MPC standard, the results of biotesting method show the toxicity level of water sample is lethal for the test objects of phytoplankton and Daphnia. The survival rates of most water samples are lower than 46.7%. Hereby, this study strongly suggests using combined water assessment methods to evaluate the water quality.展开更多
The toxicity of some pesticides, namely, Lontrel, Sencor, Roundup, Bentazon, and Hymexazol, and also Lontrel complexes with Cu, Co, Mn, Mg, Mo, Ni, and Zn that are being widely used in agriculture and, hence, abundant...The toxicity of some pesticides, namely, Lontrel, Sencor, Roundup, Bentazon, and Hymexazol, and also Lontrel complexes with Cu, Co, Mn, Mg, Mo, Ni, and Zn that are being widely used in agriculture and, hence, abundant in the environment were characterized by biotesting. The variation in the enzymatic activity of the luminous bacteria Beneckea harveyi and in the reproductive function of the infusoria Tetrahymena pyriformis was measured and used to determine toxicity factors. The toxicity of the above compounds was found to correlate with their ability to form stable complexes with adenosine triphosphate (ATP).展开更多
The ecotoxicity of tellurium(Te)compounds(oxide and nitrate)is assessed by changing the biological properties of soils of contrasting properties:Haplic Chernozem(Loamic),Eutric Cambisol,and Eutric Arenosol.Soil stabil...The ecotoxicity of tellurium(Te)compounds(oxide and nitrate)is assessed by changing the biological properties of soils of contrasting properties:Haplic Chernozem(Loamic),Eutric Cambisol,and Eutric Arenosol.Soil stability was assessed by the most sensitive and informative biological indicators:microbiological(total number of bacteria),biochemical(catalase and dehydrogenase activity),and phytotoxic(changes in the length of wheat roots and shoots).Te contamination was simulated at concentrations of 0.5,1,3,10,and 30 possible permissible concentrations(PPC).It has been established that already at minimum concentrations of Te(0.5 and 1 PPC),the biological indicators of soils decrease.As a rule,a direct relationship between Te concentration and the degree of deterioration of the studied soil properties was observed.Te nitrate showed higher ecotoxicity than oxide.A stronger negative effect of Te contamination was manifested 10 and 30 days after contamination.After 90 days,the restoration of the biological properties of the soils was observed.Haplic Chernozem(Loamic)showed greater resistance to Te contamination than Haplic Cambisols Eutric and Eutric Arenosol.The obtained results can be used to predict environmental risks from soil contamination with Te and to develop maximum permissible concentrations of Te in soils of contrasting properties.展开更多
文摘The cost of environmental analysis is becoming astronomically high at the global scale. One of the major trends in the respective research activities is the development of biotesting methods. Such methods, in addition to ecotoxicology, are highly demanded for environmental monitoring and ecological standardization. The development of biotesting in toxicology, however, is limited to the ＂battery of tests＂ paradigm, while environmental monitoring and ecological standardization are based on the ＂uniformity of measurements＂ paradigm. A ＂reference bioindicator＂ is proposed to harmonize these approaches. A reference bioindicator serves for comparison of data obtained by different bioindicators. This method was approved for the state environmental control. Application of reference bioindicators makes analytical procedure substantially cheaper. It requires, however, thorough calibration in relation to specific environmental factors （such as temperature, photoperiod etc.） as well as to specific active agents and their combinations. This problem can be solved with the start-up of calibrating analytical centers and long-term study of the effects of spatiotemporal environmental factors in specific areas and for specific reference objects. This paper demonstrates long-term study results for the surface waters of Pavlovsk reservoir （Bashkortostan, Russia）.
基金supported by International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(2010DFA92720-04)
文摘Since the Irtysh River flows through the important economic, ecological and social territories of China, Kazakhstan and Russia, the water quality issues growingly draw the attention of the water authorities from these countries. Therefore, a detailed study of the hydrochemical regime and toxicological indicators in Kazakhstan was carried out for understanding the regime dynamics of water quality and its affect factors. The combined assessment of maximum permissible concentration （MPC） of chemical components and biotesting method were proposed and performed for the study area. The results clearly showed that the concentrations of single chemical component at different locations are mostly under MPC standard in a basin scale. However, the watershed surface runoff and tributary stream flow from mining industry areas had high concentration of heavy metals and had significant impact on the water quality near Ust-Kamenogorsk. Furthermore, even the stream water generally meet MPC standard, the results of biotesting method show the toxicity level of water sample is lethal for the test objects of phytoplankton and Daphnia. The survival rates of most water samples are lower than 46.7%. Hereby, this study strongly suggests using combined water assessment methods to evaluate the water quality.
文摘The toxicity of some pesticides, namely, Lontrel, Sencor, Roundup, Bentazon, and Hymexazol, and also Lontrel complexes with Cu, Co, Mn, Mg, Mo, Ni, and Zn that are being widely used in agriculture and, hence, abundant in the environment were characterized by biotesting. The variation in the enzymatic activity of the luminous bacteria Beneckea harveyi and in the reproductive function of the infusoria Tetrahymena pyriformis was measured and used to determine toxicity factors. The toxicity of the above compounds was found to correlate with their ability to form stable complexes with adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
基金support of the project of the Strategic Academic Leadership Program of the Southern Federal University(“Priority 2030”)(No.SP-12-24-04).
文摘The ecotoxicity of tellurium(Te)compounds(oxide and nitrate)is assessed by changing the biological properties of soils of contrasting properties:Haplic Chernozem(Loamic),Eutric Cambisol,and Eutric Arenosol.Soil stability was assessed by the most sensitive and informative biological indicators:microbiological(total number of bacteria),biochemical(catalase and dehydrogenase activity),and phytotoxic(changes in the length of wheat roots and shoots).Te contamination was simulated at concentrations of 0.5,1,3,10,and 30 possible permissible concentrations(PPC).It has been established that already at minimum concentrations of Te(0.5 and 1 PPC),the biological indicators of soils decrease.As a rule,a direct relationship between Te concentration and the degree of deterioration of the studied soil properties was observed.Te nitrate showed higher ecotoxicity than oxide.A stronger negative effect of Te contamination was manifested 10 and 30 days after contamination.After 90 days,the restoration of the biological properties of the soils was observed.Haplic Chernozem(Loamic)showed greater resistance to Te contamination than Haplic Cambisols Eutric and Eutric Arenosol.The obtained results can be used to predict environmental risks from soil contamination with Te and to develop maximum permissible concentrations of Te in soils of contrasting properties.
