Bioprocessing can help redeem the economic value for avocado (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Persea</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;&q...Bioprocessing can help redeem the economic value for avocado (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Persea</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">americana</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) in Uganda. This study reviews the virgin potential of avocado bioprocessing in Uganda. Avocado consists of flesh, seed, and peel. The review indicates that the waste seed and peel are vital for development of high-value products. Both the edible part and waste (peel and seed) can be used for biogas production through a solid-state fermentation process. Biodiesel can be developed using avocado seed oil through a process called transesterification. Avocado oil is a better alternative for biodiesel production compared to waste cooking oil as it requires no further conversions processes for transforming fatty acids to esters. The starch-rich avocado seed is a suitable substrate for bioethanol, pigment and starch production. The high starch content places the avocado fruit as a potential: 1) raw material for the production of bioplastics;2) substrate for bacterial culture media production as opposed to potatoes, cereals, and cassava that double as a staple food. Avocado seeds can also be used for the production of antioxidants relevant for preventing enzymatic browning, thereby increasing product shelf life. Despite the quick wins, there is a need for increased research, financing, personnel training and development of appropriate policies to spur the benefits and untapped potential of avocado bioprocessing in Uganda. The circular economy of avocado waste alone into high-value products could increase gains in the environment and stimulate industrial development, especially the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries in Uganda.展开更多
Medicinal plants are acknowledged as vital resources for human health,given their therapeutic efficacy in addressing numerous diseases.Due to their antioxidant,antimicrobial,antitumor,and anti-inflammatory properties,...Medicinal plants are acknowledged as vital resources for human health,given their therapeutic efficacy in addressing numerous diseases.Due to their antioxidant,antimicrobial,antitumor,and anti-inflammatory properties,medicinal plants find extensive use in food,beverages,pharmaceuticals,cosmetics,animal feed,and other industries.Medicinal plants are the primary source of the richest bio-resources for drugs in both traditional and modern medical systems.Statistics indicate that around 45,000 plants are utilized for medicinal purposes,providing a rich reservoir for discovering active ingredients and novel drugs.Medicinal plants may be utilized in raw or processed form.Effective processing techniques can maximize their nutraceutical and therapeutic potential and are vital for fully valorizing these potential natural resources.Fermentation,a highly traditional,natural,and cost-effective process and a pioneer in modern biotechnology,presents a promising strategy to enhance the nutritional,bioactive,and health potential of medicinal plants.Therefore,the purpose of this comprehensive review is to highlight recent advances in the effects of fermentation on nutritional/functional characteristics,phytochemical properties,therapeutic effects,antimicrobial activity,and flavor profile of medicinal plants.Furthermore,it presents the fermentation effect as an emerging extraction technology for bioactive compounds and a promising tool for the reclamation of medicinal plant waste and residues.The application of fermented medicinal plants in animal feed is also discussed.In conclusion,this bioprocessing turns raw medicinal plants and their waste into promising functional ingredients for food,beverage,pharmaceutical,cosmetic,and feed industries that promote health and well-being.展开更多
This study aimed to examine the effects of bioprocessing on the bioactive components of isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves(IESLs)using Tricholoma matsutake mycelia.To optimize fermentation conditions,various brown ric...This study aimed to examine the effects of bioprocessing on the bioactive components of isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves(IESLs)using Tricholoma matsutake mycelia.To optimize fermentation conditions,various brown rice ratios and fermentation periods were compared.Subsequently,a ratio of 8:2(aglycones:1873.57μg/g)soybean leaves to brown rice and a fermentation period of 8 days(aglycones:3623.58μg/g)were determined to be optimal for efficient fermentation conditions.Isoflavone derivatives were altered throughout the bio-processing process,with the fermentation stage indicating a bioconversion to isoflavone-aglycones.Using time-of-flight mass spectrometry,twenty functional metabolites were identified.The heat maps indicated a significant concentration of glycoside phytoestrogens at the fermentation stage during bioprocessing.The highest levels of total phenolics(8.49 GAE mg/g),total flavonoids(2.87 RE mg/g),and digestive enzymatic inhibitory activities(1 mg/mL;α-glucosidase 73.25%,pancreatic-lipase 58.26%)were seen in fermented IESLs.This study discovered that bioprocessing IESLs with T.matsutake mycelia has the potential to enhance aglycone phytochemicals in the bioproducts.展开更多
Malnutrition stemming from insufficient intake of essential micronutrients like calcium and potassium impacts over two billion individuals,comprising more than a quarter of the world’s population.This study investiga...Malnutrition stemming from insufficient intake of essential micronutrients like calcium and potassium impacts over two billion individuals,comprising more than a quarter of the world’s population.This study investigated energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis of elemental composition,physicochemical and techno-functional properties(bulk density,water adsorption capacity,swelling capacity,and foaming capacity)of various flour samples produced from fonio grains and date fruit,through spontaneous fermentation and malting.The study also investigated the sensory attributes of Porridge made from the flour samples.Elemental composition analysis revealed carbon content ranged from 52.045% in MD to 52.885% in AD.Oxygen content ranged from 46.826% in FF to 47.601% in MD.Fluorine content was observed only in AF,MF,and MD samples,with MD exhibiting the highest concentration.Manganese content ranged from 0.025% in AD to 0.051% in MD.Bulk density decreased in most samples over time,with variations attributed to processing methods.Water adsorption capacity showed minor fluctuations,while swelling capacity decreased gradually.Fermentation and malting processes,as well as date fruit addition,influenced the sensory characteristics,with fermented samples generally exhibiting higher ratings in aroma and overall acceptability.Date fruit addition enhanced attributes such as appearance,aroma,and taste.These findings provide insights into the impact of processing and storage on the elemental composition,physicochemical and functional properties of fonio flour.展开更多
Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable bioresource for the production of biofuels and biochem-ical products.The classical biorefinery process for lignocellulosic degradation and conversion comprises thre...Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable bioresource for the production of biofuels and biochem-ical products.The classical biorefinery process for lignocellulosic degradation and conversion comprises three stages,i.e.,pretreatment,enzymatic saccharification,and fermentation.However,the complicated pretreatment process,high cost of cellulase production,and insufficient production performance of fermentation strains have restricted the industrialization of biorefinery.Consolidated bioprocessing(CBP)technology combines the pro-cess of enzyme production,enzymatic saccharification,and fermentation in a single bioreactor using a specific microorganism or a consortium of microbes and represents another approach worth exploring for the production of chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass.The present review summarizes the progress made in research of CBP technology for lignocellulosic biomass conversion.In this review,different CBP strategies in lignocellulose biore-finery are reviewed,including CBP with natural lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms as the chassis,CBP with biosynthetic microorganisms as the chassis,and CBP with microbial co-culturing systems.This review provides new perspectives and insights on the utilization of low-cost feedstock lignocellulosic biomass for production of biochemicals.展开更多
The depletion of fossil fuels and their impact on the environment have led to efforts to develop alternative sustainable fuels.While biofuel derived from lignocellulose is considered a sustainable,renewable,and green ...The depletion of fossil fuels and their impact on the environment have led to efforts to develop alternative sustainable fuels.While biofuel derived from lignocellulose is considered a sustainable,renewable,and green energy source,enhancing biofuel production and achieving a cost-effective bioconversion of lignocellulose at existing bio-refineries remains a challenge.Consolidated bioprocessing(CBP)using thermophiles can simplify this operation by integrating multiple processes,such as hydrolytic enzyme production,lignocellulose degrada-tion,biofuel fermentation,and product distillation.This paper reviews recent developments in the conversion of lignocellulose to biofuel using thermophile-based CBP.First,advances in thermostable enzyme and thermophilic lignocellulolytic microorganism discovery and development for lignocellulosic biorefinery use are outlined.Then,several thermophilic CBP candidates and thermophilic microbes engineered to drive CBP of lignocellulose are reviewed.CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing tools developed for thermophiles are also highlighted.The poten-tial applications of the Design-Build-Test-Learn(DBTL)synthetic biology strategy for designing and constructing thermophilic CBP hosts are also discussed in detail.Overall,this review illustrates how to develop highly sophis-ticated thermophilic CBP hosts for use in lignocellulosic biorefinery applications.展开更多
Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased ...Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased inferences about causal relationships, thus hindering the accurate identification of root cause variables. This study proposed a shapelet-based state evolution graph for fault root cause diagnosis (SEG-RCD), which enables causal inference through the analysis of the important local features. First, the regularized autoencoder and fault contribution plot are used to identify the fault onset time and candidate root cause variables, respectively. Then, the most representative shapelets were extracted to construct a state evolution graph. Finally, the propagation path was extracted based on fault unit shapelets to pinpoint the fault root cause variable. The SEG-RCD can reduce the interference of noncausal information, enhancing the accuracy and interpretability of fault root cause diagnosis. The superiority of the proposed SEG-RCD was verified through experiments on a simulated penicillin fermentation process and an actual one.展开更多
Fault diagnosis in industrial process is essential for ensuring production safety and efficiency.However,existing methods exhibit limited capability in recognizing hard samples and struggle to maintain consistency in ...Fault diagnosis in industrial process is essential for ensuring production safety and efficiency.However,existing methods exhibit limited capability in recognizing hard samples and struggle to maintain consistency in feature distributions across domains,resulting in suboptimal performance and robustness.Therefore,this paper proposes a fault diagnosis neural network for hard sample mining and domain adaptive(SmdaNet).First,the method uses deep belief networks(DBN)to build a diagnostic model.Hard samples are mined based on the loss values,dividing the data set into hard and easy samples.Second,elastic weight consolidation(EWC)is used to train the model on hard samples,effectively preventing information forgetting.Finally,the feature space domain adaptation is introduced to optimize the feature space by minimizing the Kullback–Leibler divergence of the feature distributions.Experimental results show that the proposed SmdaNet method outperforms existing approaches in terms of classification accuracy,robustness and interpretability on the penicillin simulation and Tennessee Eastman process datasets.展开更多
Due to its high sensitivity and non-destructive nature,Raman spectroscopy has become an essential analytical tool in biopharmaceutical analysis and drug development.Despite of the computational demands,data requiremen...Due to its high sensitivity and non-destructive nature,Raman spectroscopy has become an essential analytical tool in biopharmaceutical analysis and drug development.Despite of the computational demands,data requirements,or ethical considerations,artificial intelligence(AI)and particularly deep learning algorithms has further advanced Raman spectroscopy by enhancing data processing,feature extraction,and model optimization,which not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of Raman spectroscopy detection,but also greatly expands its range of application.AI-guided Raman spectroscopy has numerous applications in biomedicine,including characterizing drug structures,analyzing drug forms,controlling drug quality,identifying components,and studying drug-biomolecule interactions.AI-guided Raman spectroscopy has also revolutionized biomedical research and clinical diagnostics,particularly in disease early diagnosis and treatment optimization.Therefore,AI methods are crucial to advancing Raman spectroscopy in biopharmaceutical research and clinical diagnostics,offering new perspectives and tools for disease treatment and pharmaceutical process control.In summary,integrating AI and Raman spectroscopy in biomedicine has significantly improved analytical capabilities,offering innovative approaches for research and clinical applications.展开更多
With the theme of“standardized approaches empowering industrial green and low-carbon transformation”,a sub-forum was held to promote the application of the carbon footprint management system in China,advance the wid...With the theme of“standardized approaches empowering industrial green and low-carbon transformation”,a sub-forum was held to promote the application of the carbon footprint management system in China,advance the wide implementation of relevant standards,and accelerate the globalization process of green product trade through high-level communication.Lyu Xuefeng,Director of Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology(QIBEBT),Chinese Academy of Sciences,emphasized in his address that the product carbon footprint management system is the important support for industrial green transformation.The geographic information system-life cycle assessment(GIS-LCA)technology has been originally proposed and adopted as the core content of the national standard GB/T 24067-2024,Greenhouse gases-Carbon footprint of products-Requirements and guidelines for quantification.展开更多
Lignocellulose-derived fuels and chemicals are vital to breaking the world's dependence on fossil fuels.Though plant biomass is notoriously resistant to deconstruction,lignocellulolytic thermophiles are especially...Lignocellulose-derived fuels and chemicals are vital to breaking the world's dependence on fossil fuels.Though plant biomass is notoriously resistant to deconstruction,lignocellulolytic thermophiles are especially adept at degrading its constituent polysaccharides into mono-and oligo-saccharides for catabolism.And many thermo-philes,whether lignocellulolytic or not,can be engineered to ferment lignocellulose-derived sugars into valuable fuels and chemicals as part of consolidated bioprocesses.Although the past twenty years have seen major ad-vances in the genetic and metabolic engineering of individual thermophiles,the strategy of co-culturing ther-mophilic strains as part of synthetic communities has not been well established.Synthetic communities unlock synergistic interactions that outperform monocultures,thereby enhancing product titers,rates,and yields.While limited genetic tools once hindered the development of synthetic thermophilic communities,recent advances now offer robust systems for engineering these industrially relevant organisms.Here,we propose that this expanded genetic malleability enables engineering of 1)transport specialization to reduce substrate competition between strains and 2)division of labor strategies whereby one strain focuses on lignocellulose deconstruction while another strain dedicates metabolic burden for product synthesis.We draw on examples of engineered thermo-philes like Clostridium thermocellum,Thermoanaerobacter saccharolyticum,and Anaerocellum bescii to illustrate how these mechanisms have been applied in thermophilic co-cultures.In brief,this perspective outlines design prin-ciples to construct effective thermophilic communities for lignocellulose bioprocessing.展开更多
Downstream processing or product recovery plays a vital role in the development of bioprocesses.To improve the bioprocess efficiency,some unconventional methods are much required.The continuous manufacturing in downst...Downstream processing or product recovery plays a vital role in the development of bioprocesses.To improve the bioprocess efficiency,some unconventional methods are much required.The continuous manufacturing in downstream processing makes the Process Analytical Technologies(PATs)as an important tool.Monitoring and controlling bioprocess are an essential factor for the principles of PAT and quality by design.Spectroscopic methods can apply to monitor multiple analytes in real-time with less sample processing with significant advancements.Raman spectroscopy is an extensively used technique as an analytical and research tool owing to its modest process form,non-destructive,non-invasive optical molecular spectroscopic imaging with computer-based analysis.Generally,its application is essential for the analysis and characterization of biological samples,and it is easy to operate with minimal sample.The innovation on various types of enhanced Raman spectroscopy was designed to enhance the Raman analytical technique.Raman spectroscopy could couple with chemometrics to provide reliable alternative analysis method of downstream process analysis.Thus,this review aims to provide useful insight on the application of Raman spectroscopy for PAT in downstream processing of biotechnology and Raman data analysis in biological fields.展开更多
Fermentation of cellulosic biomass can be done in a single step with cellulolytic, solventogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium thermocellum. However, the suite of products is limited in consolidated bioprocessing. For...Fermentation of cellulosic biomass can be done in a single step with cellulolytic, solventogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium thermocellum. However, the suite of products is limited in consolidated bioprocessing. Fortunately, the thermophilic nature of C. thermocellum can be exploited in sequential culture. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feedstock particle size on fermentation by sequential cultures and to demonstrate this effect could be shown by gas production. Dual-temperature sequential cultures were conducted by first culturing with C. thermocellum (63°C, 48 h) before culturing with C. beijerinckii (35°C, 24 h). Switchgrass (2, 5 or 15 mm particle size) was the feedstock in submerged substrate (10% w/v) fermentation. The extent of fermentation was evaluated by gas production and compared by analysis of variance with Tukey’s test post hoc. C. thermocellum alone produced 78 kPa cumulative pressure (approx. 680 mL gas) when the particle size was 2 or 5 mm. The C. thermocellum cultures with 15 mm feedstock particles had a mean cumulative pressure of 15 kPa after 48 h, which was less than the 2 and 5 mm treatments (P °C) and inoculated with C. beijerinckii, and the cumulative pressures were reset to ambient, cumulative pressure values as great as 70 kPa (equivalent to an additional 670 mL gas) were produced in 24 h. Again, the longer (15 mm) particle size produced less gas (P < 0.05). When the substrates were inoculated with C. beijerinckii without previous fermentation by C. thermocellum, the mean cumulative pressures were approximately 10 kPa. These results indicate that biological pretreatment with C. thermocellum increased the availability of switchgrass carbohydrates to C. beijerinckii, and that gas production is suitable method to show the effectiveness of a pretreatment.展开更多
This study determined the effect of orally fed polysaccharide-rich bioprocessed (fermented) black rice bran produced by culturing with shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushroom mycelium on CT-26 colon cancer cells in vivo i...This study determined the effect of orally fed polysaccharide-rich bioprocessed (fermented) black rice bran produced by culturing with shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushroom mycelium on CT-26 colon cancer cells in vivo in an intracutaneously transplanted mouse tumor alone and in combination with intraperitoneally administered anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor. Analysis of the isolated tumor weights at the end of the study shows that the average tumor size in control mice is 3.78 grams, and the average tumor size in mice treated with anti-PD-1 antibody is 2.16 grams. The average tumor size in mice treated with BRB-F alone is 2.25 grams, and the average tumor size in mice treated with anti-PD-1 antibody BRB-F combination is 1.38 grams. Thus, BRB-F or anti-PD-1 antibody alone each reduce tumor size by 40.5% or 42.9%, whereas the combination of BRB-F and anti-PD-1 antibody reduces tumor size by 63.5%, with their cooperative effect being statistically significant. The observed anti-tumor effects were accompanied by a series of biomarkers associated with cancer formation and inhibition. These results indicate that the reported potentiation of cancer therapy using drug-based medical chemotherapies with added checkpoint inhibitors in human patients are mechanistically similar with the functional food evaluated in the present study. These beneficial effects in mice challenge clinicians to investigate if the black rice bran food product can also protect against human cancer.展开更多
The development of medium for the production of cutinase from Pseudomonas cepacia NRRL B 2320 was carried out using Plackett-Burman experimental design followed by central composite design. The medium components were ...The development of medium for the production of cutinase from Pseudomonas cepacia NRRL B 2320 was carried out using Plackett-Burman experimental design followed by central composite design. The medium components were screened by Plackett-Burman experimental design which suggested that cutin, peptone, KCl and MgSO4·7H2O have influenced the cutinase production significantly with very high confidence levels. The concentration levels of these four components were optimized using 24 full factorial central composite design. An optimum combination of 10.06 g·L-1 of cutin, 17.77 g·L-1 of peptone, 0.635 g·L-1 of KCl and 5.455 g·L-1 of MgSO4·7H2O in the medium gave a maximum cutinase activity of 336 U·mL-1. An overall 2 fold increase in the production of cutinase was observed in the optimized medium. Growth and production of cutinase from P. cepacia NRRL B 2320 have been studied in shake flask and batch bioreactor. Time course of cell growth and enzyme production was fitted to the existing kinetic models reported in the literature to estimate the biokinetic parameters. These models suggested that the production of cutinase is growth associated in shake flask and it is a mixed growth type in a batch bioreactor.展开更多
While conventional wastewater treatments for urban effluents are fairly routine and have proved highly effective,industrial wastewater requires more complex and specific treatments.This paper provides a technological ...While conventional wastewater treatments for urban effluents are fairly routine and have proved highly effective,industrial wastewater requires more complex and specific treatments.This paper provides a technological strategy for removal of recalcitrant contaminants based on a hybrid treatment system.The model effluent containing a binary mixture of synthetic dyes is treated by a combination of a preliminary physicochemical stage followed by a biological stage based on ligninolytic enzymes produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium.This proposal includes biosorption onto peat as pretreatment,which decreases the volume and concentration to be treated in the biological reactor,thereby obtaining a completely decolorized effluent.The treated wastewater can therefore be reused in the dyeing baths with the consequent saving of water resources.展开更多
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its variants /homolog proteins are generally called as GFP-like fluorescent proteins (FPs), which are widely used as visible molecular tools for monitoring a wide range of biologica...Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its variants /homolog proteins are generally called as GFP-like fluorescent proteins (FPs), which are widely used as visible molecular tools for monitoring a wide range of biological processes due to their capability of simple, accurate and real time quantification. The FPs-based molecular and visible quantification tools are giving more impact on bioprocess engineering, enabling the biomolecule-level dynamic information to be linked with the process-level events. In this review, different applications of FPs in biological engineering with emphasis on rapid molecular bioprocess quantification, such as quantification of the transcription efficiency, the protein production, the protein folding efficiency, the cell concentration, the intracellular microenvironments and so on, would be first introduced. The challenges of using FPs with respect to actual bioprocess applications for the precise quantification including the interaction of FPs and the fused partner proteins, the maturation of FPs, the inner filter effect and sensing technology were then discussed. Finally, the future development for the FPs used in molecular bioprocess quantification would be proposed.展开更多
The effects of different carbon sources(sugars) on the production and molecular properties of exopolysaccharides(EPS) were evaluated in the mycelial liquid culture of a medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1. Gala...The effects of different carbon sources(sugars) on the production and molecular properties of exopolysaccharides(EPS) were evaluated in the mycelial liquid culture of a medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1. Galactose or mannose was used(at 5 g·L^(-1)) as a secondary carbon source with glucose(35 g·L^(-1)) at the mass ratio of 1:7. Mannose was consumed notably since the first day of culture, but galactose was not even after glucose was exhausted.The volumetric yield of EPS in culture was increased slightly with the addition of galactose and decreased with mannose. The monosaccharide composition of EPS was also different, e.g., on day 8, the glucose contents of EPS were 76%with the addition of mannose, 59% with galactose, compared with 62% with glucose only. The molecular weight distribution of EPS was also affected by the secondary carbon source, being generally lower compared with that with glucose only. The results suggested that the addition of galactose improved the total yield of EPS in culture while mannose can improve the yield of glucan constituent of EPS.展开更多
This 121-day experiment evaluated the rearing performance of brown trout Salmo trutta fed one of two isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets and reared at velocities of either 2.8 or 16.1 cm/s. Fishmeal was the primary pr...This 121-day experiment evaluated the rearing performance of brown trout Salmo trutta fed one of two isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets and reared at velocities of either 2.8 or 16.1 cm/s. Fishmeal was the primary protein source for the reference diet, and bioprocessed soybean meal replaced approximately 67% of the fishmeal in the experimental diet. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences in gain, percent gain, feed conversion rates, or specific growth rates between the dietary treatments. There were also no significant differences in intestinal morphology, splenosomatic, hepatosomatic, and viscerosomatic indices related to diet composition. However, gain, percent gain, feed fed, and specific growth rate were all significantly greater in brown trout reared at the higher velocity. No significant differences in any of the other variables measured were observed between the velocity treatments. There were no significant interactions between diet and velocity in any of the variables. Based on the results of this study, bioprocessed soybean meal can replace at least 67% of the fishmeal in brown trout diets, regardless of the rearing velocities used in this study. However, higher rearing velocities are recommended to maximize juvenile brown trout growth rates.展开更多
Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria (PNSB), also known as phototrophic bacteria are widely distributed in both freshwater and marine environment and capable to <span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gro...Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria (PNSB), also known as phototrophic bacteria are widely distributed in both freshwater and marine environment and capable to <span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">grow in wide range of substrates. In this study, Bacterium </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rhodobacter</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sphaeroides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strain UMS2, a freshwater isolate was used in this study in utilization of fish hatchery waste. This study was conducted to determine the nutritional values of bioprocess product that was grown in fish hatchery waste. Finally, the waste bio-converted product was used as feed supplement to monitor the </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">growth performance of live feed </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tubifex</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. Inoculum of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rhodobacter</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sphaeroides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strain UMS2 was developed in 112 synthetic media and 48-h culture of 30% (v/v) inoculum was used in fish hatchery waste during the bioprocess. The nutritional values of bio-converted product, except total ash (%), were not significantly improved with 30% (v/v) inoculum of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rhodobacter sphaeroides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, strain UMS2. Feeding trial in bloodworm (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tubifex</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp.) with bioconversion product conducted for 15 days to monitor growth (w/v) of live feed. Initial growth 1.42 ± 0.001 g/L of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tubifex</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. was stocked in 15 × 75 × 15 cm plastic tray connected with recirculated system. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tubifex</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. was observed to be comparatively higher (1.55 ± 0.12 g/L) while fed in the product that contained bacterium than the growth (1.44 ± 0.15 g/L) of</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Tubifex</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. fed in the bioconversion product of without bacterium. The inoculums size (30%) of </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bacterium not enough to support the growth of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rhodobacter sphaeroides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strain UMS2 in the bioconversion process to improve the nutritional values. However, while used as feed supplement it improved the growth performance of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tubifex</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. So, bacterium </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rhodobacter sphaeroides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, strain UMS2 has potentiality to be used as feed supplement in the production of live feed.</span>展开更多
文摘Bioprocessing can help redeem the economic value for avocado (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Persea</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">americana</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) in Uganda. This study reviews the virgin potential of avocado bioprocessing in Uganda. Avocado consists of flesh, seed, and peel. The review indicates that the waste seed and peel are vital for development of high-value products. Both the edible part and waste (peel and seed) can be used for biogas production through a solid-state fermentation process. Biodiesel can be developed using avocado seed oil through a process called transesterification. Avocado oil is a better alternative for biodiesel production compared to waste cooking oil as it requires no further conversions processes for transforming fatty acids to esters. The starch-rich avocado seed is a suitable substrate for bioethanol, pigment and starch production. The high starch content places the avocado fruit as a potential: 1) raw material for the production of bioplastics;2) substrate for bacterial culture media production as opposed to potatoes, cereals, and cassava that double as a staple food. Avocado seeds can also be used for the production of antioxidants relevant for preventing enzymatic browning, thereby increasing product shelf life. Despite the quick wins, there is a need for increased research, financing, personnel training and development of appropriate policies to spur the benefits and untapped potential of avocado bioprocessing in Uganda. The circular economy of avocado waste alone into high-value products could increase gains in the environment and stimulate industrial development, especially the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries in Uganda.
文摘Medicinal plants are acknowledged as vital resources for human health,given their therapeutic efficacy in addressing numerous diseases.Due to their antioxidant,antimicrobial,antitumor,and anti-inflammatory properties,medicinal plants find extensive use in food,beverages,pharmaceuticals,cosmetics,animal feed,and other industries.Medicinal plants are the primary source of the richest bio-resources for drugs in both traditional and modern medical systems.Statistics indicate that around 45,000 plants are utilized for medicinal purposes,providing a rich reservoir for discovering active ingredients and novel drugs.Medicinal plants may be utilized in raw or processed form.Effective processing techniques can maximize their nutraceutical and therapeutic potential and are vital for fully valorizing these potential natural resources.Fermentation,a highly traditional,natural,and cost-effective process and a pioneer in modern biotechnology,presents a promising strategy to enhance the nutritional,bioactive,and health potential of medicinal plants.Therefore,the purpose of this comprehensive review is to highlight recent advances in the effects of fermentation on nutritional/functional characteristics,phytochemical properties,therapeutic effects,antimicrobial activity,and flavor profile of medicinal plants.Furthermore,it presents the fermentation effect as an emerging extraction technology for bioactive compounds and a promising tool for the reclamation of medicinal plant waste and residues.The application of fermented medicinal plants in animal feed is also discussed.In conclusion,this bioprocessing turns raw medicinal plants and their waste into promising functional ingredients for food,beverage,pharmaceutical,cosmetic,and feed industries that promote health and well-being.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(Grant number 2016R1D1A1B01009898 and RS-2023-00245096),Republic of Korea.
文摘This study aimed to examine the effects of bioprocessing on the bioactive components of isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves(IESLs)using Tricholoma matsutake mycelia.To optimize fermentation conditions,various brown rice ratios and fermentation periods were compared.Subsequently,a ratio of 8:2(aglycones:1873.57μg/g)soybean leaves to brown rice and a fermentation period of 8 days(aglycones:3623.58μg/g)were determined to be optimal for efficient fermentation conditions.Isoflavone derivatives were altered throughout the bio-processing process,with the fermentation stage indicating a bioconversion to isoflavone-aglycones.Using time-of-flight mass spectrometry,twenty functional metabolites were identified.The heat maps indicated a significant concentration of glycoside phytoestrogens at the fermentation stage during bioprocessing.The highest levels of total phenolics(8.49 GAE mg/g),total flavonoids(2.87 RE mg/g),and digestive enzymatic inhibitory activities(1 mg/mL;α-glucosidase 73.25%,pancreatic-lipase 58.26%)were seen in fermented IESLs.This study discovered that bioprocessing IESLs with T.matsutake mycelia has the potential to enhance aglycone phytochemicals in the bioproducts.
文摘Malnutrition stemming from insufficient intake of essential micronutrients like calcium and potassium impacts over two billion individuals,comprising more than a quarter of the world’s population.This study investigated energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis of elemental composition,physicochemical and techno-functional properties(bulk density,water adsorption capacity,swelling capacity,and foaming capacity)of various flour samples produced from fonio grains and date fruit,through spontaneous fermentation and malting.The study also investigated the sensory attributes of Porridge made from the flour samples.Elemental composition analysis revealed carbon content ranged from 52.045% in MD to 52.885% in AD.Oxygen content ranged from 46.826% in FF to 47.601% in MD.Fluorine content was observed only in AF,MF,and MD samples,with MD exhibiting the highest concentration.Manganese content ranged from 0.025% in AD to 0.051% in MD.Bulk density decreased in most samples over time,with variations attributed to processing methods.Water adsorption capacity showed minor fluctuations,while swelling capacity decreased gradually.Fermentation and malting processes,as well as date fruit addition,influenced the sensory characteristics,with fermented samples generally exhibiting higher ratings in aroma and overall acceptability.Date fruit addition enhanced attributes such as appearance,aroma,and taste.These findings provide insights into the impact of processing and storage on the elemental composition,physicochemical and functional properties of fonio flour.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2019YFA0905700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970071)+1 种基金the Young Scholars Program of Shan-dong Universitythe Major Basic Research of Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2019ZD19).
文摘Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable bioresource for the production of biofuels and biochem-ical products.The classical biorefinery process for lignocellulosic degradation and conversion comprises three stages,i.e.,pretreatment,enzymatic saccharification,and fermentation.However,the complicated pretreatment process,high cost of cellulase production,and insufficient production performance of fermentation strains have restricted the industrialization of biorefinery.Consolidated bioprocessing(CBP)technology combines the pro-cess of enzyme production,enzymatic saccharification,and fermentation in a single bioreactor using a specific microorganism or a consortium of microbes and represents another approach worth exploring for the production of chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass.The present review summarizes the progress made in research of CBP technology for lignocellulosic biomass conversion.In this review,different CBP strategies in lignocellulose biore-finery are reviewed,including CBP with natural lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms as the chassis,CBP with biosynthetic microorganisms as the chassis,and CBP with microbial co-culturing systems.This review provides new perspectives and insights on the utilization of low-cost feedstock lignocellulosic biomass for production of biochemicals.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant NO.BK20231326)National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0906800)State Key Laboratory of Micro-bial Technology Open Projects Fund(Project NO.M2022-10).
文摘The depletion of fossil fuels and their impact on the environment have led to efforts to develop alternative sustainable fuels.While biofuel derived from lignocellulose is considered a sustainable,renewable,and green energy source,enhancing biofuel production and achieving a cost-effective bioconversion of lignocellulose at existing bio-refineries remains a challenge.Consolidated bioprocessing(CBP)using thermophiles can simplify this operation by integrating multiple processes,such as hydrolytic enzyme production,lignocellulose degrada-tion,biofuel fermentation,and product distillation.This paper reviews recent developments in the conversion of lignocellulose to biofuel using thermophile-based CBP.First,advances in thermostable enzyme and thermophilic lignocellulolytic microorganism discovery and development for lignocellulosic biorefinery use are outlined.Then,several thermophilic CBP candidates and thermophilic microbes engineered to drive CBP of lignocellulose are reviewed.CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing tools developed for thermophiles are also highlighted.The poten-tial applications of the Design-Build-Test-Learn(DBTL)synthetic biology strategy for designing and constructing thermophilic CBP hosts are also discussed in detail.Overall,this review illustrates how to develop highly sophis-ticated thermophilic CBP hosts for use in lignocellulosic biorefinery applications.
基金support from the following foundations:the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62322309,62433004)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(23S41900500)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-16).
文摘Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased inferences about causal relationships, thus hindering the accurate identification of root cause variables. This study proposed a shapelet-based state evolution graph for fault root cause diagnosis (SEG-RCD), which enables causal inference through the analysis of the important local features. First, the regularized autoencoder and fault contribution plot are used to identify the fault onset time and candidate root cause variables, respectively. Then, the most representative shapelets were extracted to construct a state evolution graph. Finally, the propagation path was extracted based on fault unit shapelets to pinpoint the fault root cause variable. The SEG-RCD can reduce the interference of noncausal information, enhancing the accuracy and interpretability of fault root cause diagnosis. The superiority of the proposed SEG-RCD was verified through experiments on a simulated penicillin fermentation process and an actual one.
基金support from the following foundations:the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62322309,62433004)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(23S41900500)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-16).
文摘Fault diagnosis in industrial process is essential for ensuring production safety and efficiency.However,existing methods exhibit limited capability in recognizing hard samples and struggle to maintain consistency in feature distributions across domains,resulting in suboptimal performance and robustness.Therefore,this paper proposes a fault diagnosis neural network for hard sample mining and domain adaptive(SmdaNet).First,the method uses deep belief networks(DBN)to build a diagnostic model.Hard samples are mined based on the loss values,dividing the data set into hard and easy samples.Second,elastic weight consolidation(EWC)is used to train the model on hard samples,effectively preventing information forgetting.Finally,the feature space domain adaptation is introduced to optimize the feature space by minimizing the Kullback–Leibler divergence of the feature distributions.Experimental results show that the proposed SmdaNet method outperforms existing approaches in terms of classification accuracy,robustness and interpretability on the penicillin simulation and Tennessee Eastman process datasets.
基金funded by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.:KZ202210017025)Science and Technology Projects of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.:BE2021756).
文摘Due to its high sensitivity and non-destructive nature,Raman spectroscopy has become an essential analytical tool in biopharmaceutical analysis and drug development.Despite of the computational demands,data requirements,or ethical considerations,artificial intelligence(AI)and particularly deep learning algorithms has further advanced Raman spectroscopy by enhancing data processing,feature extraction,and model optimization,which not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of Raman spectroscopy detection,but also greatly expands its range of application.AI-guided Raman spectroscopy has numerous applications in biomedicine,including characterizing drug structures,analyzing drug forms,controlling drug quality,identifying components,and studying drug-biomolecule interactions.AI-guided Raman spectroscopy has also revolutionized biomedical research and clinical diagnostics,particularly in disease early diagnosis and treatment optimization.Therefore,AI methods are crucial to advancing Raman spectroscopy in biopharmaceutical research and clinical diagnostics,offering new perspectives and tools for disease treatment and pharmaceutical process control.In summary,integrating AI and Raman spectroscopy in biomedicine has significantly improved analytical capabilities,offering innovative approaches for research and clinical applications.
文摘With the theme of“standardized approaches empowering industrial green and low-carbon transformation”,a sub-forum was held to promote the application of the carbon footprint management system in China,advance the wide implementation of relevant standards,and accelerate the globalization process of green product trade through high-level communication.Lyu Xuefeng,Director of Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology(QIBEBT),Chinese Academy of Sciences,emphasized in his address that the product carbon footprint management system is the important support for industrial green transformation.The geographic information system-life cycle assessment(GIS-LCA)technology has been originally proposed and adopted as the core content of the national standard GB/T 24067-2024,Greenhouse gases-Carbon footprint of products-Requirements and guidelines for quantification.
基金supported by the High Meadows Environmental Institute at Princeton University through the generous support of the William Clay Ford,Jr'79 and Lisa Vanderzee Ford'82 Graduate Fellowship Fund to H.T.by a Roberto Rocca Graduate Fellowship from Techint Group to H.T.,and a grant from the Energy Research Fund administered by the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment at Princeton University to J.M.C.
文摘Lignocellulose-derived fuels and chemicals are vital to breaking the world's dependence on fossil fuels.Though plant biomass is notoriously resistant to deconstruction,lignocellulolytic thermophiles are especially adept at degrading its constituent polysaccharides into mono-and oligo-saccharides for catabolism.And many thermo-philes,whether lignocellulolytic or not,can be engineered to ferment lignocellulose-derived sugars into valuable fuels and chemicals as part of consolidated bioprocesses.Although the past twenty years have seen major ad-vances in the genetic and metabolic engineering of individual thermophiles,the strategy of co-culturing ther-mophilic strains as part of synthetic communities has not been well established.Synthetic communities unlock synergistic interactions that outperform monocultures,thereby enhancing product titers,rates,and yields.While limited genetic tools once hindered the development of synthetic thermophilic communities,recent advances now offer robust systems for engineering these industrially relevant organisms.Here,we propose that this expanded genetic malleability enables engineering of 1)transport specialization to reduce substrate competition between strains and 2)division of labor strategies whereby one strain focuses on lignocellulose deconstruction while another strain dedicates metabolic burden for product synthesis.We draw on examples of engineered thermo-philes like Clostridium thermocellum,Thermoanaerobacter saccharolyticum,and Anaerocellum bescii to illustrate how these mechanisms have been applied in thermophilic co-cultures.In brief,this perspective outlines design prin-ciples to construct effective thermophilic communities for lignocellulose bioprocessing.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21878263,22078286)。
文摘Downstream processing or product recovery plays a vital role in the development of bioprocesses.To improve the bioprocess efficiency,some unconventional methods are much required.The continuous manufacturing in downstream processing makes the Process Analytical Technologies(PATs)as an important tool.Monitoring and controlling bioprocess are an essential factor for the principles of PAT and quality by design.Spectroscopic methods can apply to monitor multiple analytes in real-time with less sample processing with significant advancements.Raman spectroscopy is an extensively used technique as an analytical and research tool owing to its modest process form,non-destructive,non-invasive optical molecular spectroscopic imaging with computer-based analysis.Generally,its application is essential for the analysis and characterization of biological samples,and it is easy to operate with minimal sample.The innovation on various types of enhanced Raman spectroscopy was designed to enhance the Raman analytical technique.Raman spectroscopy could couple with chemometrics to provide reliable alternative analysis method of downstream process analysis.Thus,this review aims to provide useful insight on the application of Raman spectroscopy for PAT in downstream processing of biotechnology and Raman data analysis in biological fields.
文摘Fermentation of cellulosic biomass can be done in a single step with cellulolytic, solventogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium thermocellum. However, the suite of products is limited in consolidated bioprocessing. Fortunately, the thermophilic nature of C. thermocellum can be exploited in sequential culture. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feedstock particle size on fermentation by sequential cultures and to demonstrate this effect could be shown by gas production. Dual-temperature sequential cultures were conducted by first culturing with C. thermocellum (63°C, 48 h) before culturing with C. beijerinckii (35°C, 24 h). Switchgrass (2, 5 or 15 mm particle size) was the feedstock in submerged substrate (10% w/v) fermentation. The extent of fermentation was evaluated by gas production and compared by analysis of variance with Tukey’s test post hoc. C. thermocellum alone produced 78 kPa cumulative pressure (approx. 680 mL gas) when the particle size was 2 or 5 mm. The C. thermocellum cultures with 15 mm feedstock particles had a mean cumulative pressure of 15 kPa after 48 h, which was less than the 2 and 5 mm treatments (P °C) and inoculated with C. beijerinckii, and the cumulative pressures were reset to ambient, cumulative pressure values as great as 70 kPa (equivalent to an additional 670 mL gas) were produced in 24 h. Again, the longer (15 mm) particle size produced less gas (P < 0.05). When the substrates were inoculated with C. beijerinckii without previous fermentation by C. thermocellum, the mean cumulative pressures were approximately 10 kPa. These results indicate that biological pretreatment with C. thermocellum increased the availability of switchgrass carbohydrates to C. beijerinckii, and that gas production is suitable method to show the effectiveness of a pretreatment.
文摘This study determined the effect of orally fed polysaccharide-rich bioprocessed (fermented) black rice bran produced by culturing with shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushroom mycelium on CT-26 colon cancer cells in vivo in an intracutaneously transplanted mouse tumor alone and in combination with intraperitoneally administered anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor. Analysis of the isolated tumor weights at the end of the study shows that the average tumor size in control mice is 3.78 grams, and the average tumor size in mice treated with anti-PD-1 antibody is 2.16 grams. The average tumor size in mice treated with BRB-F alone is 2.25 grams, and the average tumor size in mice treated with anti-PD-1 antibody BRB-F combination is 1.38 grams. Thus, BRB-F or anti-PD-1 antibody alone each reduce tumor size by 40.5% or 42.9%, whereas the combination of BRB-F and anti-PD-1 antibody reduces tumor size by 63.5%, with their cooperative effect being statistically significant. The observed anti-tumor effects were accompanied by a series of biomarkers associated with cancer formation and inhibition. These results indicate that the reported potentiation of cancer therapy using drug-based medical chemotherapies with added checkpoint inhibitors in human patients are mechanistically similar with the functional food evaluated in the present study. These beneficial effects in mice challenge clinicians to investigate if the black rice bran food product can also protect against human cancer.
文摘The development of medium for the production of cutinase from Pseudomonas cepacia NRRL B 2320 was carried out using Plackett-Burman experimental design followed by central composite design. The medium components were screened by Plackett-Burman experimental design which suggested that cutin, peptone, KCl and MgSO4·7H2O have influenced the cutinase production significantly with very high confidence levels. The concentration levels of these four components were optimized using 24 full factorial central composite design. An optimum combination of 10.06 g·L-1 of cutin, 17.77 g·L-1 of peptone, 0.635 g·L-1 of KCl and 5.455 g·L-1 of MgSO4·7H2O in the medium gave a maximum cutinase activity of 336 U·mL-1. An overall 2 fold increase in the production of cutinase was observed in the optimized medium. Growth and production of cutinase from P. cepacia NRRL B 2320 have been studied in shake flask and batch bioreactor. Time course of cell growth and enzyme production was fitted to the existing kinetic models reported in the literature to estimate the biokinetic parameters. These models suggested that the production of cutinase is growth associated in shake flask and it is a mixed growth type in a batch bioreactor.
基金Supported by the Proyecto Fondecyt (1040089,1090098)
文摘While conventional wastewater treatments for urban effluents are fairly routine and have proved highly effective,industrial wastewater requires more complex and specific treatments.This paper provides a technological strategy for removal of recalcitrant contaminants based on a hybrid treatment system.The model effluent containing a binary mixture of synthetic dyes is treated by a combination of a preliminary physicochemical stage followed by a biological stage based on ligninolytic enzymes produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium.This proposal includes biosorption onto peat as pretreatment,which decreases the volume and concentration to be treated in the biological reactor,thereby obtaining a completely decolorized effluent.The treated wastewater can therefore be reused in the dyeing baths with the consequent saving of water resources.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20836004 20806046） the Special Fund for Major State Basic Research Program of China （2009CB724702） the National High Technology Research and Development Program ofChina （2009AA062903）
文摘Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its variants /homolog proteins are generally called as GFP-like fluorescent proteins (FPs), which are widely used as visible molecular tools for monitoring a wide range of biological processes due to their capability of simple, accurate and real time quantification. The FPs-based molecular and visible quantification tools are giving more impact on bioprocess engineering, enabling the biomolecule-level dynamic information to be linked with the process-level events. In this review, different applications of FPs in biological engineering with emphasis on rapid molecular bioprocess quantification, such as quantification of the transcription efficiency, the protein production, the protein folding efficiency, the cell concentration, the intracellular microenvironments and so on, would be first introduced. The challenges of using FPs with respect to actual bioprocess applications for the precise quantification including the interaction of FPs and the fused partner proteins, the maturation of FPs, the inner filter effect and sensing technology were then discussed. Finally, the future development for the FPs used in molecular bioprocess quantification would be proposed.
基金Supported by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University internal grants(G-UC14 and G-YBB4)
文摘The effects of different carbon sources(sugars) on the production and molecular properties of exopolysaccharides(EPS) were evaluated in the mycelial liquid culture of a medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1. Galactose or mannose was used(at 5 g·L^(-1)) as a secondary carbon source with glucose(35 g·L^(-1)) at the mass ratio of 1:7. Mannose was consumed notably since the first day of culture, but galactose was not even after glucose was exhausted.The volumetric yield of EPS in culture was increased slightly with the addition of galactose and decreased with mannose. The monosaccharide composition of EPS was also different, e.g., on day 8, the glucose contents of EPS were 76%with the addition of mannose, 59% with galactose, compared with 62% with glucose only. The molecular weight distribution of EPS was also affected by the secondary carbon source, being generally lower compared with that with glucose only. The results suggested that the addition of galactose improved the total yield of EPS in culture while mannose can improve the yield of glucan constituent of EPS.
文摘This 121-day experiment evaluated the rearing performance of brown trout Salmo trutta fed one of two isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets and reared at velocities of either 2.8 or 16.1 cm/s. Fishmeal was the primary protein source for the reference diet, and bioprocessed soybean meal replaced approximately 67% of the fishmeal in the experimental diet. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences in gain, percent gain, feed conversion rates, or specific growth rates between the dietary treatments. There were also no significant differences in intestinal morphology, splenosomatic, hepatosomatic, and viscerosomatic indices related to diet composition. However, gain, percent gain, feed fed, and specific growth rate were all significantly greater in brown trout reared at the higher velocity. No significant differences in any of the other variables measured were observed between the velocity treatments. There were no significant interactions between diet and velocity in any of the variables. Based on the results of this study, bioprocessed soybean meal can replace at least 67% of the fishmeal in brown trout diets, regardless of the rearing velocities used in this study. However, higher rearing velocities are recommended to maximize juvenile brown trout growth rates.
文摘Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria (PNSB), also known as phototrophic bacteria are widely distributed in both freshwater and marine environment and capable to <span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">grow in wide range of substrates. In this study, Bacterium </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rhodobacter</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sphaeroides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strain UMS2, a freshwater isolate was used in this study in utilization of fish hatchery waste. This study was conducted to determine the nutritional values of bioprocess product that was grown in fish hatchery waste. Finally, the waste bio-converted product was used as feed supplement to monitor the </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">growth performance of live feed </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tubifex</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. Inoculum of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rhodobacter</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sphaeroides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strain UMS2 was developed in 112 synthetic media and 48-h culture of 30% (v/v) inoculum was used in fish hatchery waste during the bioprocess. The nutritional values of bio-converted product, except total ash (%), were not significantly improved with 30% (v/v) inoculum of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rhodobacter sphaeroides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, strain UMS2. Feeding trial in bloodworm (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tubifex</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp.) with bioconversion product conducted for 15 days to monitor growth (w/v) of live feed. Initial growth 1.42 ± 0.001 g/L of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tubifex</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. was stocked in 15 × 75 × 15 cm plastic tray connected with recirculated system. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tubifex</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. was observed to be comparatively higher (1.55 ± 0.12 g/L) while fed in the product that contained bacterium than the growth (1.44 ± 0.15 g/L) of</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Tubifex</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. fed in the bioconversion product of without bacterium. The inoculums size (30%) of </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bacterium not enough to support the growth of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rhodobacter sphaeroides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strain UMS2 in the bioconversion process to improve the nutritional values. However, while used as feed supplement it improved the growth performance of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tubifex</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. So, bacterium </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rhodobacter sphaeroides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, strain UMS2 has potentiality to be used as feed supplement in the production of live feed.</span>
