Bionic hydrogels offer significant advantages over conventional counterparts,boasting superior properties like enhanced adhesion,stretchability,conductivity,biocompatibility and versatile functionalities.Their physico...Bionic hydrogels offer significant advantages over conventional counterparts,boasting superior properties like enhanced adhesion,stretchability,conductivity,biocompatibility and versatile functionalities.Their physicochemical resemblance to biological tissues makes bionic hydrogels ideal interfaces for bioelectronic devices.In contrast,conventional hydrogels often exhibit inadequate performance,such as easy detachment,lack of good skin compliance,and inadequate conductivity,failing to meet the rigorous demands of bioelectronic applications.Bionic hydrogels,inspired by biological designs,exhibit exceptional physicochemical characteristics that fulfill diverse criteria for bioelectronic applications,driving the advancement of bioelectronic devices.This review first introduces a variety of materials used in the fabrication of bionic hydrogels,including natural polymers,synthetic polymers,and other materials.Then different mechanisms of hydrogel bionics,are categorized into material bionics,structural bionics,and functional bionics based on their bionic approaches.Subsequently,various applications of bionic hydrogels in the field of bioelectronics were introduced,including physiological signal monitoring,tissue engineering,and human-machine interactions.Lastly,the current development and future prospects of bionic hydrogels in bioelectronic devices are summarized.Hopefully,this comprehensive review could inspire advancements in bionic hydrogels for applications in bioelectronic devices.展开更多
Ultra-thin crystalline silicon stands as a cornerstone material in the foundation of modern micro and nano electronics.Despite the proliferation of various materials including oxide-based,polymer-based,carbon-based,an...Ultra-thin crystalline silicon stands as a cornerstone material in the foundation of modern micro and nano electronics.Despite the proliferation of various materials including oxide-based,polymer-based,carbon-based,and two-dimensional(2D)materials,crystal silicon continues to maintain its stronghold,owing to its superior functionality,scalability,stability,reliability,and uniformity.Nonetheless,the inherent rigidity of the bulk silicon leads to incompatibility with soft tissues,hindering the utilization amid biomedical applications.Because of such issues,decades of research have enabled successful utilization of various techniques to precisely control the thickness and morphology of silicon layers at the scale of several nanometres.This review provides a comprehensive exploration on the features of ultra-thin single crystalline silicon as a semiconducting material,and its role especially among the frontier of advanced bioelectronics.Key processes that enable the transition of rigid silicon to flexible form factors are exhibited,in accordance with their chronological sequence.The inspected stages span both prior and subsequent to transferring the silicon membrane,categorized respectively as on-wafer manufacturing and rigid-to-soft integration.Extensive guidelines to unlock the full potential of flexible electronics are provided through ordered analysis of each manufacturing procedure,the latest findings of biomedical applications,along with practical perspectives for researchers and manufacturers.展开更多
Neuromorphic computing has the potential to overcome limitations of traditional silicon technology in machine learning tasks.Recent advancements in large crossbar arrays and silicon-based asynchronous spiking neural n...Neuromorphic computing has the potential to overcome limitations of traditional silicon technology in machine learning tasks.Recent advancements in large crossbar arrays and silicon-based asynchronous spiking neural networks have led to promising neuromorphic systems.However,developing compact parallel computing technology for integrating artificial neural networks into traditional hardware remains a challenge.Organic computational materials offer affordable,biocompatible neuromorphic devices with exceptional adjustability and energy-efficient switching.Here,the review investigates the advancements made in the development of organic neuromorphic devices.This review explores resistive switching mechanisms such as interface-regulated filament growth,molecular-electronic dynamics,nanowire-confined filament growth,and vacancy-assisted ion migration,while proposing methodologies to enhance state retention and conductance adjustment.The survey examines the challenges faced in implementing low-power neuromorphic computing,e.g.,reducing device size and improving switching time.The review analyses the potential of these materials in adjustable,flexible,and low-power consumption applications,viz.biohybrid spiking circuits interacting with biological systems,systems that respond to specific events,robotics,intelligent agents,neuromorphic computing,neuromorphic bioelectronics,neuroscience,and other applications,and prospects of this technology.展开更多
Despite the promising progress in conductive hydrogels made with pure conducting polymer,great challenges remain in the interface adhesion and robustness in longterm monitoring.To address these challenges,Prof.Seung H...Despite the promising progress in conductive hydrogels made with pure conducting polymer,great challenges remain in the interface adhesion and robustness in longterm monitoring.To address these challenges,Prof.Seung Hwan Ko and Taek-Soo Kim’s team introduced a laserinduced phase separation and adhesion method for fabricating conductive hydrogels consisting of pure poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate on polymer substrates.The laser-induced phase separation and adhesion treated conducting polymers can be selectively transformed into conductive hydrogels that exhibit wet conductivities of 101.4 S cm^(−1) with a spatial resolution down to 5μm.Moreover,they maintain impedance and charge-storage capacity even after 1 h of sonication.The micropatterned electrode arrays demonstrate their potential in long-term in vivo signal recordings,highlighting their promising role in the field of bioelectronics.展开更多
The inherent complexities of excitable cardiac,nervous,and skeletal muscle tissues pose great challenges in constructing artificial counterparts that closely resemble their natural bioelectrical,structural,and mechani...The inherent complexities of excitable cardiac,nervous,and skeletal muscle tissues pose great challenges in constructing artificial counterparts that closely resemble their natural bioelectrical,structural,and mechanical properties.Recent advances have increasingly revealed the beneficial impact of bioelectrical microenvironments on cellular behaviors,tissue regeneration,and therapeutic efficacy for excitable tissues.This review aims to unveil the mechanisms by which electrical microenvironments enhance the regeneration and functionality of excitable cells and tissues,considering both endogenous electrical cues from electroactive biomaterials and exogenous electrical stimuli from external electronic systems.We explore the synergistic effects of these electrical microenvironments,combined with structural and mechanical guidance,on the regeneration of excitable tissues using tissue engineering scaffolds.Additionally,the emergence of micro/nanoscale bioelectronics has significantly broadened this field,facilitating intimate interactions between implantable bioelectronics and excitable tissues across cellular,tissue,and organ levels.These interactions enable precise data acquisition and localized modulation of cell and tissue functionalities through intricately designed electronic components according to physiological needs.The integration of tissue engineering and bioelectronics promises optimal outcomes,highlighting a growing trend in developing living tissue construct-bioelectronic hybrids for restoring and monitoring damaged excitable tissues.Furthermore,we envision critical challenges in engineering the next-generation hybrids,focusing on integrated fabrication strategies,the development of ionic conductive biomaterials,and their convergence with biosensors.展开更多
Conductive polymers(CPs)are generally insoluble,and developing hydrophilic CPs is significant to broaden the applications of CPs.In this work,a mussel-inspired strategy was proposed to construct hydrophilic CP nanopar...Conductive polymers(CPs)are generally insoluble,and developing hydrophilic CPs is significant to broaden the applications of CPs.In this work,a mussel-inspired strategy was proposed to construct hydrophilic CP nanoparticles(CP NPs),while endowing the CP NPs with redox activity and biocompatibility.This is a universal strategy applicable for a series of CPs,including polyaniline,polypyrrole,and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).The catechol/quinone contained sulfonated lignin(LS)was doped into various CPs to form CP/LS NPs with hydrophilicity,conductivity,and redox activity.These CP/LS NPs were used as versatile nanofillers to prepare the conductive hydrogels with long-term adhesiveness.The CP/LS NPs-incorporated hydrogels have a good conductivity because of the uniform distribution of the hydrophilic NPs in the hydrogel network,forming a well-connected electric path.The hydrogel exhibits long-term adhesiveness,which is attributed to the mussel-inspired dynamic redox balance of catechol/quinone groups on the CP/LS NPs.This conductive and adhesive hydrogel shows good electroactivity and biocompatibility and therefore has broad applications in electrostimulation of tissue regeneration and implantable bioelectronics.展开更多
An increasing utilization of wound-related therapeutic materials and skin bioelectronics urges the development of multifunctional biogels for personal therapy and health management.Nevertheless,conventional dressings ...An increasing utilization of wound-related therapeutic materials and skin bioelectronics urges the development of multifunctional biogels for personal therapy and health management.Nevertheless,conventional dressings and skin bioelectronics with single function,mechanical mismatches,and impracticality severely limit their widespread applications in clinical.Herein,we explore a gelling mechanism,fabrication method,and functionalization for broadly applicable food biopolymers-based biogels that unite the challenging needs of elastic yet injectable wound dressing and skin bioelectronics in a single system.We combine our biogels with functional nanomaterials,such as cuttlefish ink nanoparticles and silver nanowires,to endow the biogels with reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity and electrical conductivity,and finally realized the improvement in diabetic wound microenvironment and the monitoring of electrophysiological signals on skin.This line of research work sheds light on preparing food biopolymers-based biogels with multifunctional integration of wound treatment and smart medical treatment.展开更多
With the growing market of wearable devices for smart sensing and personalized healthcare applications,energy storage devices that ensure stable power supply and can be constructed in flexible platforms have attracted...With the growing market of wearable devices for smart sensing and personalized healthcare applications,energy storage devices that ensure stable power supply and can be constructed in flexible platforms have attracted tremendous research interests.A variety of active materials and fabrication strategies of flexible energy storage devices have been intensively studied in recent years,especially for integrated self-powered systems and biosensing.A series of materials and applications for flexible energy storage devices have been studied in recent years.In this review,the commonly adopted fabrication methods of flexible energy storage devices are introduced.Besides,recent advances in integrating these energy devices into flexible self-powered systems are presented.Furthermore,the applications of flexible energy storage devices for biosensing are summarized.Finally,the prospects and challenges of the self-powered sensing system for wearable electronics are discussed.展开更多
Developing techniques to effectively and real-time monitor and regulate the interior environment of biological objects is significantly important for many biomedical engineering and scientific applications, including ...Developing techniques to effectively and real-time monitor and regulate the interior environment of biological objects is significantly important for many biomedical engineering and scientific applications, including drug delivery, electrophysiological recording and regulation of intracellular activities. Semi-implantable bioelectronics is currently a hot spot in biomedical engineering research area, because it not only meets the increasing technical demands for precise detection or regulation of biological activities, but also provides a desirable platform for externally incorporating complex functionalities and electronic integration. Although there is less definition and summary to distinguish it from the well-reviewed non-invasive bioelectronics and fully implantable bioelectronics, semi-implantable bioelectronics have emerged as highly unique technology to boost the development of biochips and smart wearable device. Here, we reviewed the recent progress in this field and raised the concept of “Semi-implantable bioelectronics”, summarizing the principle and strategies of semi-implantable device for cell applications and in vivo applications, discussing the typical methodologies to access to intracellular environment or in vivo environment, biosafety aspects and typical applications. This review is meaningful for understanding in-depth the design principles, materials fabrication techniques, device integration processes, cell/tissue penetration methodologies, biosafety aspects, and applications strategies that are essential to the development of future minimally invasive bioelectronics.展开更多
Benefiting from the unique advantages of superior biocompatibility,strong stability,good biodegradability,and adjustable mechanical properties,hydrogels have attracted extensive research interests in bioelectronics.Ho...Benefiting from the unique advantages of superior biocompatibility,strong stability,good biodegradability,and adjustable mechanical properties,hydrogels have attracted extensive research interests in bioelectronics.However,due to the existence of an interface between hydrogels and human tissues,the transmission of electrical signals from the human tissues to the hydrogel electronic devices will be hindered.The adhesive hydrogels with adhesive properties can tightly combine with the human tissue,which can enhance the contact between the electronic devices and human tissues and reduce the contact resistance,thereby improving the performance of hydrogel electronic devices.In this review,we will discuss in detail the adhesion mechanism of adhesive hydrogels and elaborate on the design principles of adhesive hydrogels.After that,we will introduce some methods of performance evaluation for adhesive hydrogels.Finally,we will provide a perspective on the development of adhesive hydrogel bioelectronics.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Implantable bioelectronics that interface directly with biological tissues have been widely used to alleviate symptoms of chronic diseases,restore lost or degraded body functions,and monitor health conditio...CONSPECTUS:Implantable bioelectronics that interface directly with biological tissues have been widely used to alleviate symptoms of chronic diseases,restore lost or degraded body functions,and monitor health conditions in real-time.These devices have revolutionized medicine by providing continuous therapeutic interventions and diagnostics.Energy sources are the most critical components in implantable bioelectronics,as they determine operational lifetime and reliability.Compared with other energy storage and harvesting devices and wireless charging methods,batteries provide high energy density and stable power output,making them the preferred choice for many implantable applications.The advent of implantable bioelectronic devices has been significantly propelled by the high energy densities offered by lithium battery technology,which has led to a profound transformation in our daily lives.To advance the field of implantable bioelectronics,the development of next-generation implantable batteries is essential.These batteries must be soft to match the mechanical properties of biological tissues,minimizing tissue damage and immune responses.Additionally,they must be biocompatible,particularly when in proximity to vital organs like the heart and brain,to prevent toxicity and adverse reactions.Beyond biocompatibility,these batteries need to exhibit excellent electrochemical performance,thermomechanical resilience,and structural integrity for reliable operation in body fluids over extended periods.Enhancing the energy and power density of these batteries can lead to device miniaturization,extend their service life,improve operating efficiency,and meet a broader range of high-power applications.Achieving these advancements not only enables cableless and shape-conformal integration with multifunctionality but also underscores the significant research efforts dedicated to understanding and optimizing the performance of next-generation implantable batteries.To this end,numerous research efforts have been devoted in recent years to developing next-generation implantable batteries from material development,structural design,and performance optimization perspectives.In this Account,we first outline the development history of current implantable batteries from their inception to the present day.We then delineate the requirements for the next generation of implantable batteries,considering emerging application scenarios.Subsequently,we review the recent advancements in the development of soft,biocompatible,long-term stable,high-energy,and high-power-density implantable batteries.Additionally,we explore the efficient integration of these batteries into biomedical devices.We conclude with the development routes and future perspectives for implantable batteries.This Account promotes the development of new implantable batteries through the collaboration of multiple disciplines,including energy,materials,chemistry,biomedical science,and engineering.The emergence of advanced implantable battery technologies is expected to offer countless opportunities to enhance bioelectronics.These advancements will alter the current paradigm of medicine and pave the way for a revolutionary era of human-machine interaction.展开更多
The conductive polymer poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(PEDOT),recognized for its superior electrical conductivity and biocompatibility,has become an attractive material for developing wearable technologies and bioelec...The conductive polymer poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(PEDOT),recognized for its superior electrical conductivity and biocompatibility,has become an attractive material for developing wearable technologies and bioelectronics.Nevertheless,the complexities associated with PEDOT's patterning synthesis on diverse substrates persist despite recent technological progress.In this study,we introduce a novel deep eutectic solvent(DES)-induced vapor phase polymerization technique,facilitating nonrestrictive patterning polymerization of PEDOT across diverse substrates.By controlling the quantity of DES adsorbed per unit area on the substrates,PEDOT can be effectively patternized on cellulose,wood,plastic,glass,and even hydrogels.The resultant patterned PEDOT exhibits numerous benefits,such as an impressive electronic conductivity of 282 S·m-1,a high specific surface area of 5.29 m^(2)·g-1,and an extensive electrochemical stability range from-1.4 to 2.4 V in a phosphate-buffered saline.To underscore the practicality and diverse applications of this DES-induced approach,we present multiple examples emphasizing its integration into self-supporting flexible electrodes,neuroelectrode interfaces,and precision circuit repair methodologies.展开更多
Enzymatic biofuel cells(EBFCs),which generate electricity through electrochemical reactions between metabolites and O2/air,are considered a promising alternative power source for wearable and implantable bioelectronic...Enzymatic biofuel cells(EBFCs),which generate electricity through electrochemical reactions between metabolites and O2/air,are considered a promising alternative power source for wearable and implantable bioelectronics.However,the main challenges facing EBFCs are the poor stability of enzymes and the low electron transfer efficiency between enzymes and electrodes.To enhance the efficiency of EBFCs,researchers have been focusing on the development of novel functional nanomaterials.This mini-review first introduces the working principles and types of EBFCs,highlighting the key roles of nanomaterials,such as enzyme immobilization and stabilization,promotion of electron transfer and catalytic activity.It then summarizes the recent advancements in their application in wearable and implantable devices.Finally,it explores future research direction and the potential of high-performance EBFCs for practical applications.展开更多
Bioelectronics are powerful tools for monitoring and stimulating biological and biochemical processes,with applications ranging from neural interface simulation to biosensing.The increasing demand for bioelectronics h...Bioelectronics are powerful tools for monitoring and stimulating biological and biochemical processes,with applications ranging from neural interface simulation to biosensing.The increasing demand for bioelectronics has greatly promoted the development of new nanomaterials as detection platforms.Recently,owing to their ultrathin structures and excellent physicochemical properties,emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials have become one of the most researched areas in the fields of bioelectronics and biosensors.In this timely review,the physicochemical structures of the most representative emerging 2D materials and the design of their nanostructures for engineering highperformance bioelectronic and biosensing devices are presented.We focus on the structural optimization of emerging 2D material-based composites to achieve better regulation for enhancing the performance of bioelectronics.Subsequently,the recent developments of emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics,such as neural interface simulation,biomolecular/biomarker detection,and skin sensors are discussed thoroughly.Finally,we provide conclusive views on the current challenges and future perspectives on utilizing emerging 2D materials and their composites for bioelectronics and biosensors.This review will offer important guidance in designing and applying emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics,thus further promoting their prospects in a wide biomedical field.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are the first cause of death globally,posing a significant threat to human health.Cardiac electrophysiology is pivotal for the understanding and management of CVDs,particularly for address...Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are the first cause of death globally,posing a significant threat to human health.Cardiac electrophysiology is pivotal for the understanding and management of CVDs,particularly for addressing arrhythmias.A significant proliferation of micro-nano bioelectric devices and systems has occurred in the field of cardiomyocyte electrophysiology.These bioelectronic platforms feature distinctive electrode geometries that improve the fidelity of native electrophysiological signals.Despite the prevalence of planar microelectrode arrays(MEAs)for simultaneous multichannel recording of cellular electrophysiological signals,extracellular recordings often yield suboptimal signal quality.In contrast,three-dimensional(3D)MEAs and advanced penetration strategies allow highfidelity intracellular signal detection.3D nanodevices are categorized into the active and the passive.Active devices rely on external power sources to work,while passive devices operate without external power.Passive devices possess simplicity,biocompatibility,stability,and lower power consumption compared to active ones,making them ideal for sensors and implantable applications.This review comprehensively discusses the fabrication,geometric configuration,and penetration strategies of passive 3D micro/nanodevices,emphasizing their application in drug screening and disease modeling.Moreover,we summarize existing challenges and future opportunities to develop passive micro/nanobioelectronic devices from cardiac electrophysiological research to cardiovascular clinical practice.展开更多
1.INTRODUCTION Remarkable advances in soft bioelectronics have been made in recent decades for next-generation smart healthcare devices.The intrinsic dissimilarities in mechanical properties and charge carriers betwee...1.INTRODUCTION Remarkable advances in soft bioelectronics have been made in recent decades for next-generation smart healthcare devices.The intrinsic dissimilarities in mechanical properties and charge carriers between the soft wet biological tissues and the rigid dry conventional electronic components of bioelectronics pose immense demands in material design for advanced bioelectronics.1 Owing to their on-demand tunable mechanical properties and ionic conductivity,as stretchable and ionic conductors,hydrogels have emerged as promising biocompat-ible materials for advanced bioelectronics,which enables mechanical,electrical,and biochemical coupling between devices and human tissues。展开更多
Poly(disulfide)s have been widely used in flexible wearable electronics,smart materials,and drug delivery.The synthesis of poly(disulfide)s usually utilizes external stimuli or toxic initiators to promote the polymeri...Poly(disulfide)s have been widely used in flexible wearable electronics,smart materials,and drug delivery.The synthesis of poly(disulfide)s usually utilizes external stimuli or toxic initiators to promote the polymerization.Here,we indicated that the long-range electronic effect can significantly alter the reactivity of the disulfide group.Accordingly,we established deprotonation-promoted ring-opening polymerization of thioctic acid(TA)as a highly effective and simple method to synthesize poly(disulfide)s due to the long-range electronic effect and nucleophilic carboxylate.Without external stimuli and initiators,simple mixing of TA and deprotonation reagent,choline bicarbonate,in different ratios at room temperature rapidly produced a series of high molecular weight(up to 772 kDa)ionic liquid crystal poly(disulfide)s elastomers with room temperature self-healing ability,adjustable conductivity(2.39×10^(−2)∼0.28×10^(−2)S m^(−1)),degradability,biocompatibility,antibacterial property,and tissue-like softness(Young’s moduli ranging from 18.2±6.0 to 111.1±36.7 kPa).The experiments and density functional theory calculations also revealed the principle of long-range electronic effect to establish a new synthetic strategy of poly(disulfide)s with superior properties favorable for bioelectronics.展开更多
The remarkable functionality of biological systems in detecting and adapting to various environmental conditions has inspired the design of the latest electronics and robots with advanced features.This review focuses ...The remarkable functionality of biological systems in detecting and adapting to various environmental conditions has inspired the design of the latest electronics and robots with advanced features.This review focuses on intelligent bio-inspired strategies for developing soft bioelectronics and robotics that can accommodate nanocomposite adhesives and integrate them into biological surfaces.The underlying principles of the material and structural design of nanocomposite adhesives were investigated for practical applications with excellent functionalities,such as soft skin-attachable health care sensors,highly stretchable adhesive electrodes,switchable adhesion,and untethered soft robotics.In addition,we have discussed recent progress in the development of effective fabrication methods for micro/nanostructures for integration into devices,presenting the current challenges and prospects.展开更多
This mini review examines the current advances and future prospects of chemical approaches in deformable bioelectronics,emphasizing their transformative potential in healthcare and other sectors.The mini review outlin...This mini review examines the current advances and future prospects of chemical approaches in deformable bioelectronics,emphasizing their transformative potential in healthcare and other sectors.The mini review outlines novel fabrication strategies that rely on chemical principles to create adaptable,comfortable,and durable bioelectronic devices that are capable of seamlessly integrating into the dynamic biological environment.The discussion also extends to the integration of innovative device concepts that enhance the outcomes in both sensing and modulation functionalities.Performance-enhancing strategies that use chemistry to refine the sensitivity and precision of these devices are also highlighted.Moreover,the mini review explores the emerging applications of chemically enhanced bioelectronic devices in healthcare,reflecting the potential of this field to revolutionize patient care and improve health monitoring.In the outlook section,this mini review investigates the promising future of transient and living bioelectronics,emphasizing the pivotal role of chemical approaches in their development.It additionally covers the potential of chemical techniques in powering bioelectronic devices using biological systems and discusses the prospective applications of chemically synthesized bioelectronic devices outside of healthcare.While the field has made substantial progress,this mini review also identifies challenges that must be addressed,thus underlining the necessity for continued research and chemical innovation in bioelectronics.展开更多
Flexible electronics have attracted extensive attention across a wide range of fields due to their potential for preventive medicine and early disease detection.Microfiber-based textiles,encountered in everyday life,h...Flexible electronics have attracted extensive attention across a wide range of fields due to their potential for preventive medicine and early disease detection.Microfiber-based textiles,encountered in everyday life,have emerged as promising platforms with integrated sensing capabilities.Microfluidic technology has been recognized as a promising avenue for the development of flexible conductive microfibers and has made significant achievements.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art advancements in microfiber-based flexible electronics fabricated using microfluidic platforms.Firstly,the fundamental strategies of the microfluidic fabrication of conductive microfibers with different structures and morphologies are introduced.Subsequently,attention is then directed towards the diverse applications of these microfibers in bioelectronics.Finally,we offer a forwardlooking perspective on the future challenges about microfluidic-derived microfibers in flexible bioelectronics.展开更多
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Project in Henan Province(242102231002)Henan Province Science and Technology Research and Development Program Joint Fund Advantageous Discipline Cultivation Project(No.232301420033)the Foundation for Outstanding Young Teachers in Universities of Henan Province(2021GGJS014).
文摘Bionic hydrogels offer significant advantages over conventional counterparts,boasting superior properties like enhanced adhesion,stretchability,conductivity,biocompatibility and versatile functionalities.Their physicochemical resemblance to biological tissues makes bionic hydrogels ideal interfaces for bioelectronic devices.In contrast,conventional hydrogels often exhibit inadequate performance,such as easy detachment,lack of good skin compliance,and inadequate conductivity,failing to meet the rigorous demands of bioelectronic applications.Bionic hydrogels,inspired by biological designs,exhibit exceptional physicochemical characteristics that fulfill diverse criteria for bioelectronic applications,driving the advancement of bioelectronic devices.This review first introduces a variety of materials used in the fabrication of bionic hydrogels,including natural polymers,synthetic polymers,and other materials.Then different mechanisms of hydrogel bionics,are categorized into material bionics,structural bionics,and functional bionics based on their bionic approaches.Subsequently,various applications of bionic hydrogels in the field of bioelectronics were introduced,including physiological signal monitoring,tissue engineering,and human-machine interactions.Lastly,the current development and future prospects of bionic hydrogels in bioelectronic devices are summarized.Hopefully,this comprehensive review could inspire advancements in bionic hydrogels for applications in bioelectronic devices.
基金support received from National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT)(RS-2024-00353768)the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT)(RS-2025-02217919)+1 种基金funded by the Yonsei Fellowshipfunded by Lee Youn Jae and the KIST Institutional Program Project No.2E31603-22-140 (KJY).
文摘Ultra-thin crystalline silicon stands as a cornerstone material in the foundation of modern micro and nano electronics.Despite the proliferation of various materials including oxide-based,polymer-based,carbon-based,and two-dimensional(2D)materials,crystal silicon continues to maintain its stronghold,owing to its superior functionality,scalability,stability,reliability,and uniformity.Nonetheless,the inherent rigidity of the bulk silicon leads to incompatibility with soft tissues,hindering the utilization amid biomedical applications.Because of such issues,decades of research have enabled successful utilization of various techniques to precisely control the thickness and morphology of silicon layers at the scale of several nanometres.This review provides a comprehensive exploration on the features of ultra-thin single crystalline silicon as a semiconducting material,and its role especially among the frontier of advanced bioelectronics.Key processes that enable the transition of rigid silicon to flexible form factors are exhibited,in accordance with their chronological sequence.The inspected stages span both prior and subsequent to transferring the silicon membrane,categorized respectively as on-wafer manufacturing and rigid-to-soft integration.Extensive guidelines to unlock the full potential of flexible electronics are provided through ordered analysis of each manufacturing procedure,the latest findings of biomedical applications,along with practical perspectives for researchers and manufacturers.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Education(Singapore)(MOE-T2EP50220-0022)SUTD-MIT International Design Center(Singapore)+3 种基金SUTD-ZJU IDEA Grant Program(SUTD-ZJU(VP)201903)SUTD Kickstarter Initiative(SKI 2021_02_03,SKI 2021_02_17,SKI 2021_01_04)Agency of Science,Technology and Research(Singapore)(A20G9b0135)National Supercomputing Centre(Singapore)(15001618)。
文摘Neuromorphic computing has the potential to overcome limitations of traditional silicon technology in machine learning tasks.Recent advancements in large crossbar arrays and silicon-based asynchronous spiking neural networks have led to promising neuromorphic systems.However,developing compact parallel computing technology for integrating artificial neural networks into traditional hardware remains a challenge.Organic computational materials offer affordable,biocompatible neuromorphic devices with exceptional adjustability and energy-efficient switching.Here,the review investigates the advancements made in the development of organic neuromorphic devices.This review explores resistive switching mechanisms such as interface-regulated filament growth,molecular-electronic dynamics,nanowire-confined filament growth,and vacancy-assisted ion migration,while proposing methodologies to enhance state retention and conductance adjustment.The survey examines the challenges faced in implementing low-power neuromorphic computing,e.g.,reducing device size and improving switching time.The review analyses the potential of these materials in adjustable,flexible,and low-power consumption applications,viz.biohybrid spiking circuits interacting with biological systems,systems that respond to specific events,robotics,intelligent agents,neuromorphic computing,neuromorphic bioelectronics,neuroscience,and other applications,and prospects of this technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52475610)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LDQ24E050001).
文摘Despite the promising progress in conductive hydrogels made with pure conducting polymer,great challenges remain in the interface adhesion and robustness in longterm monitoring.To address these challenges,Prof.Seung Hwan Ko and Taek-Soo Kim’s team introduced a laserinduced phase separation and adhesion method for fabricating conductive hydrogels consisting of pure poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate on polymer substrates.The laser-induced phase separation and adhesion treated conducting polymers can be selectively transformed into conductive hydrogels that exhibit wet conductivities of 101.4 S cm^(−1) with a spatial resolution down to 5μm.Moreover,they maintain impedance and charge-storage capacity even after 1 h of sonication.The micropatterned electrode arrays demonstrate their potential in long-term in vivo signal recordings,highlighting their promising role in the field of bioelectronics.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52125501,52405325)the Key Research Project of Shaanxi Province(Nos.2021LLRH-08,2024SF2-GJHX-34)+5 种基金the Program for Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-CX-TD17)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20230573)the Postdoctoral Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2023BSHYDZZ30)the Basic Research Program of Natural Science in Shaanxi Province(No.2021JQ-906)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundationthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The inherent complexities of excitable cardiac,nervous,and skeletal muscle tissues pose great challenges in constructing artificial counterparts that closely resemble their natural bioelectrical,structural,and mechanical properties.Recent advances have increasingly revealed the beneficial impact of bioelectrical microenvironments on cellular behaviors,tissue regeneration,and therapeutic efficacy for excitable tissues.This review aims to unveil the mechanisms by which electrical microenvironments enhance the regeneration and functionality of excitable cells and tissues,considering both endogenous electrical cues from electroactive biomaterials and exogenous electrical stimuli from external electronic systems.We explore the synergistic effects of these electrical microenvironments,combined with structural and mechanical guidance,on the regeneration of excitable tissues using tissue engineering scaffolds.Additionally,the emergence of micro/nanoscale bioelectronics has significantly broadened this field,facilitating intimate interactions between implantable bioelectronics and excitable tissues across cellular,tissue,and organ levels.These interactions enable precise data acquisition and localized modulation of cell and tissue functionalities through intricately designed electronic components according to physiological needs.The integration of tissue engineering and bioelectronics promises optimal outcomes,highlighting a growing trend in developing living tissue construct-bioelectronic hybrids for restoring and monitoring damaged excitable tissues.Furthermore,we envision critical challenges in engineering the next-generation hybrids,focusing on integrated fabrication strategies,the development of ionic conductive biomaterials,and their convergence with biosensors.
基金This work was financially supported by the R&D Program in Key Areas of Guangdong(2019B010941002)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0700802),NSFC(81671824,31700841)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2682019JQ03).
文摘Conductive polymers(CPs)are generally insoluble,and developing hydrophilic CPs is significant to broaden the applications of CPs.In this work,a mussel-inspired strategy was proposed to construct hydrophilic CP nanoparticles(CP NPs),while endowing the CP NPs with redox activity and biocompatibility.This is a universal strategy applicable for a series of CPs,including polyaniline,polypyrrole,and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).The catechol/quinone contained sulfonated lignin(LS)was doped into various CPs to form CP/LS NPs with hydrophilicity,conductivity,and redox activity.These CP/LS NPs were used as versatile nanofillers to prepare the conductive hydrogels with long-term adhesiveness.The CP/LS NPs-incorporated hydrogels have a good conductivity because of the uniform distribution of the hydrophilic NPs in the hydrogel network,forming a well-connected electric path.The hydrogel exhibits long-term adhesiveness,which is attributed to the mussel-inspired dynamic redox balance of catechol/quinone groups on the CP/LS NPs.This conductive and adhesive hydrogel shows good electroactivity and biocompatibility and therefore has broad applications in electrostimulation of tissue regeneration and implantable bioelectronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22274053,22274051)the director fund of Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration(SHUES2022C03)+2 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(“Beyond Limits manufacture”),and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesAll experiments with human research participants were approved by the Human Research Protection Committee of East China Normal University(approved number:HR 805-2022)Study Participation:Prior to participation in the experiments,informed consent was obtained from the volunteer in all experiments.All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of East China Normal University(approved number:ARXM2022163).
文摘An increasing utilization of wound-related therapeutic materials and skin bioelectronics urges the development of multifunctional biogels for personal therapy and health management.Nevertheless,conventional dressings and skin bioelectronics with single function,mechanical mismatches,and impracticality severely limit their widespread applications in clinical.Herein,we explore a gelling mechanism,fabrication method,and functionalization for broadly applicable food biopolymers-based biogels that unite the challenging needs of elastic yet injectable wound dressing and skin bioelectronics in a single system.We combine our biogels with functional nanomaterials,such as cuttlefish ink nanoparticles and silver nanowires,to endow the biogels with reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity and electrical conductivity,and finally realized the improvement in diabetic wound microenvironment and the monitoring of electrophysiological signals on skin.This line of research work sheds light on preparing food biopolymers-based biogels with multifunctional integration of wound treatment and smart medical treatment.
基金the Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications Grant(Y01796303)Southern University of Science and Technology Grant(Y01796108,Y01796208).
文摘With the growing market of wearable devices for smart sensing and personalized healthcare applications,energy storage devices that ensure stable power supply and can be constructed in flexible platforms have attracted tremendous research interests.A variety of active materials and fabrication strategies of flexible energy storage devices have been intensively studied in recent years,especially for integrated self-powered systems and biosensing.A series of materials and applications for flexible energy storage devices have been studied in recent years.In this review,the commonly adopted fabrication methods of flexible energy storage devices are introduced.Besides,recent advances in integrating these energy devices into flexible self-powered systems are presented.Furthermore,the applications of flexible energy storage devices for biosensing are summarized.Finally,the prospects and challenges of the self-powered sensing system for wearable electronics are discussed.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32171399)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFF1200700,2021YFA0911100)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32171456,32171335,61901535,31900954,62104264)。
文摘Developing techniques to effectively and real-time monitor and regulate the interior environment of biological objects is significantly important for many biomedical engineering and scientific applications, including drug delivery, electrophysiological recording and regulation of intracellular activities. Semi-implantable bioelectronics is currently a hot spot in biomedical engineering research area, because it not only meets the increasing technical demands for precise detection or regulation of biological activities, but also provides a desirable platform for externally incorporating complex functionalities and electronic integration. Although there is less definition and summary to distinguish it from the well-reviewed non-invasive bioelectronics and fully implantable bioelectronics, semi-implantable bioelectronics have emerged as highly unique technology to boost the development of biochips and smart wearable device. Here, we reviewed the recent progress in this field and raised the concept of “Semi-implantable bioelectronics”, summarizing the principle and strategies of semi-implantable device for cell applications and in vivo applications, discussing the typical methodologies to access to intracellular environment or in vivo environment, biosafety aspects and typical applications. This review is meaningful for understanding in-depth the design principles, materials fabrication techniques, device integration processes, cell/tissue penetration methodologies, biosafety aspects, and applications strategies that are essential to the development of future minimally invasive bioelectronics.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QB014)Higher Education Institutions Youth Innovation Team Plan of Shandong Province(2022KJ192)+3 种基金Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University(2019QL009)Science and Technology Funding from Jinan(2020GXRC018)Talent Introduction Project of Shandong First Medical University(003067)High-level University and High-level Discipline Construction Project of Shandong First Medical University(923002011).
文摘Benefiting from the unique advantages of superior biocompatibility,strong stability,good biodegradability,and adjustable mechanical properties,hydrogels have attracted extensive research interests in bioelectronics.However,due to the existence of an interface between hydrogels and human tissues,the transmission of electrical signals from the human tissues to the hydrogel electronic devices will be hindered.The adhesive hydrogels with adhesive properties can tightly combine with the human tissue,which can enhance the contact between the electronic devices and human tissues and reduce the contact resistance,thereby improving the performance of hydrogel electronic devices.In this review,we will discuss in detail the adhesion mechanism of adhesive hydrogels and elaborate on the design principles of adhesive hydrogels.After that,we will introduce some methods of performance evaluation for adhesive hydrogels.Finally,we will provide a perspective on the development of adhesive hydrogel bioelectronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52422310,22175086)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20240169)+2 种基金the Program for Innovative Talents and Entrepreneurs in Jiangsu(JSSCTD202138)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731578)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2023ZB789).
文摘CONSPECTUS:Implantable bioelectronics that interface directly with biological tissues have been widely used to alleviate symptoms of chronic diseases,restore lost or degraded body functions,and monitor health conditions in real-time.These devices have revolutionized medicine by providing continuous therapeutic interventions and diagnostics.Energy sources are the most critical components in implantable bioelectronics,as they determine operational lifetime and reliability.Compared with other energy storage and harvesting devices and wireless charging methods,batteries provide high energy density and stable power output,making them the preferred choice for many implantable applications.The advent of implantable bioelectronic devices has been significantly propelled by the high energy densities offered by lithium battery technology,which has led to a profound transformation in our daily lives.To advance the field of implantable bioelectronics,the development of next-generation implantable batteries is essential.These batteries must be soft to match the mechanical properties of biological tissues,minimizing tissue damage and immune responses.Additionally,they must be biocompatible,particularly when in proximity to vital organs like the heart and brain,to prevent toxicity and adverse reactions.Beyond biocompatibility,these batteries need to exhibit excellent electrochemical performance,thermomechanical resilience,and structural integrity for reliable operation in body fluids over extended periods.Enhancing the energy and power density of these batteries can lead to device miniaturization,extend their service life,improve operating efficiency,and meet a broader range of high-power applications.Achieving these advancements not only enables cableless and shape-conformal integration with multifunctionality but also underscores the significant research efforts dedicated to understanding and optimizing the performance of next-generation implantable batteries.To this end,numerous research efforts have been devoted in recent years to developing next-generation implantable batteries from material development,structural design,and performance optimization perspectives.In this Account,we first outline the development history of current implantable batteries from their inception to the present day.We then delineate the requirements for the next generation of implantable batteries,considering emerging application scenarios.Subsequently,we review the recent advancements in the development of soft,biocompatible,long-term stable,high-energy,and high-power-density implantable batteries.Additionally,we explore the efficient integration of these batteries into biomedical devices.We conclude with the development routes and future perspectives for implantable batteries.This Account promotes the development of new implantable batteries through the collaboration of multiple disciplines,including energy,materials,chemistry,biomedical science,and engineering.The emergence of advanced implantable battery technologies is expected to offer countless opportunities to enhance bioelectronics.These advancements will alter the current paradigm of medicine and pave the way for a revolutionary era of human-machine interaction.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(no.31925028)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.32171720 and 32371823).
文摘The conductive polymer poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(PEDOT),recognized for its superior electrical conductivity and biocompatibility,has become an attractive material for developing wearable technologies and bioelectronics.Nevertheless,the complexities associated with PEDOT's patterning synthesis on diverse substrates persist despite recent technological progress.In this study,we introduce a novel deep eutectic solvent(DES)-induced vapor phase polymerization technique,facilitating nonrestrictive patterning polymerization of PEDOT across diverse substrates.By controlling the quantity of DES adsorbed per unit area on the substrates,PEDOT can be effectively patternized on cellulose,wood,plastic,glass,and even hydrogels.The resultant patterned PEDOT exhibits numerous benefits,such as an impressive electronic conductivity of 282 S·m-1,a high specific surface area of 5.29 m^(2)·g-1,and an extensive electrochemical stability range from-1.4 to 2.4 V in a phosphate-buffered saline.To underscore the practicality and diverse applications of this DES-induced approach,we present multiple examples emphasizing its integration into self-supporting flexible electrodes,neuroelectrode interfaces,and precision circuit repair methodologies.
文摘Enzymatic biofuel cells(EBFCs),which generate electricity through electrochemical reactions between metabolites and O2/air,are considered a promising alternative power source for wearable and implantable bioelectronics.However,the main challenges facing EBFCs are the poor stability of enzymes and the low electron transfer efficiency between enzymes and electrodes.To enhance the efficiency of EBFCs,researchers have been focusing on the development of novel functional nanomaterials.This mini-review first introduces the working principles and types of EBFCs,highlighting the key roles of nanomaterials,such as enzyme immobilization and stabilization,promotion of electron transfer and catalytic activity.It then summarizes the recent advancements in their application in wearable and implantable devices.Finally,it explores future research direction and the potential of high-performance EBFCs for practical applications.
基金1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Grant/Award Number:ZYJC21047China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2021M692291,2021M692288,2021M702334+8 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Numbers:2021SCU12034,2021SCU12013Med-X Center for Materials,Sichuan University,Grant/Award Number:MCM202102National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:82001824,82001829,51903178,81971622,52173133,82102064,82102065,82071938Post-Doctor Research Project,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Grant/Award Numbers:2020HXBH071,2020HXBH126the National Key R D Program of China,Grant/Award Numbers:2021YFE0205000,2019YFA0110600,2019YFA0110601the Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province,Grant/Award Numbers:2021YFH0087,2021YFH0135,2021YFS0050,2021YFH0180,2021YJ0434,2021YJ0554,21YYJC2714,21ZDYF376the Science and Technology Project of the Health Planning Committee of Sichuan,Grant/Award Number:20PJ049the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering,Grant/Award Number:sklpme2021-4-02Thousand Youth Talents Plan。
文摘Bioelectronics are powerful tools for monitoring and stimulating biological and biochemical processes,with applications ranging from neural interface simulation to biosensing.The increasing demand for bioelectronics has greatly promoted the development of new nanomaterials as detection platforms.Recently,owing to their ultrathin structures and excellent physicochemical properties,emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials have become one of the most researched areas in the fields of bioelectronics and biosensors.In this timely review,the physicochemical structures of the most representative emerging 2D materials and the design of their nanostructures for engineering highperformance bioelectronic and biosensing devices are presented.We focus on the structural optimization of emerging 2D material-based composites to achieve better regulation for enhancing the performance of bioelectronics.Subsequently,the recent developments of emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics,such as neural interface simulation,biomolecular/biomarker detection,and skin sensors are discussed thoroughly.Finally,we provide conclusive views on the current challenges and future perspectives on utilizing emerging 2D materials and their composites for bioelectronics and biosensors.This review will offer important guidance in designing and applying emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics,thus further promoting their prospects in a wide biomedical field.
文摘Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are the first cause of death globally,posing a significant threat to human health.Cardiac electrophysiology is pivotal for the understanding and management of CVDs,particularly for addressing arrhythmias.A significant proliferation of micro-nano bioelectric devices and systems has occurred in the field of cardiomyocyte electrophysiology.These bioelectronic platforms feature distinctive electrode geometries that improve the fidelity of native electrophysiological signals.Despite the prevalence of planar microelectrode arrays(MEAs)for simultaneous multichannel recording of cellular electrophysiological signals,extracellular recordings often yield suboptimal signal quality.In contrast,three-dimensional(3D)MEAs and advanced penetration strategies allow highfidelity intracellular signal detection.3D nanodevices are categorized into the active and the passive.Active devices rely on external power sources to work,while passive devices operate without external power.Passive devices possess simplicity,biocompatibility,stability,and lower power consumption compared to active ones,making them ideal for sensors and implantable applications.This review comprehensively discusses the fabrication,geometric configuration,and penetration strategies of passive 3D micro/nanodevices,emphasizing their application in drug screening and disease modeling.Moreover,we summarize existing challenges and future opportunities to develop passive micro/nanobioelectronic devices from cardiac electrophysiological research to cardiovascular clinical practice.
基金supported by Beijing Nova Program(20220484096)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum-Beijing(No.2462023QNXZ005).
文摘1.INTRODUCTION Remarkable advances in soft bioelectronics have been made in recent decades for next-generation smart healthcare devices.The intrinsic dissimilarities in mechanical properties and charge carriers between the soft wet biological tissues and the rigid dry conventional electronic components of bioelectronics pose immense demands in material design for advanced bioelectronics.1 Owing to their on-demand tunable mechanical properties and ionic conductivity,as stretchable and ionic conductors,hydrogels have emerged as promising biocompat-ible materials for advanced bioelectronics,which enables mechanical,electrical,and biochemical coupling between devices and human tissues。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant nos.2021YFC2101800 and 2021YFC2400802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grantnos.52173117 and 21991123)+5 种基金Belt&Road Young Scientist Exchanges Project of Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Shanghai(grant no.20520741000)Ningbo 2025 Science and Technology Major Project(grant no.2019B10068)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(grant no.20ZR1402500)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(grant nos.20DZ2254900and 20DZ2270800)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,DHU Distinguished Young Professor Program(grant no.LZA2019001)the Biomedical Engineering fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(grant no.YG2021GD04).
文摘Poly(disulfide)s have been widely used in flexible wearable electronics,smart materials,and drug delivery.The synthesis of poly(disulfide)s usually utilizes external stimuli or toxic initiators to promote the polymerization.Here,we indicated that the long-range electronic effect can significantly alter the reactivity of the disulfide group.Accordingly,we established deprotonation-promoted ring-opening polymerization of thioctic acid(TA)as a highly effective and simple method to synthesize poly(disulfide)s due to the long-range electronic effect and nucleophilic carboxylate.Without external stimuli and initiators,simple mixing of TA and deprotonation reagent,choline bicarbonate,in different ratios at room temperature rapidly produced a series of high molecular weight(up to 772 kDa)ionic liquid crystal poly(disulfide)s elastomers with room temperature self-healing ability,adjustable conductivity(2.39×10^(−2)∼0.28×10^(−2)S m^(−1)),degradability,biocompatibility,antibacterial property,and tissue-like softness(Young’s moduli ranging from 18.2±6.0 to 111.1±36.7 kPa).The experiments and density functional theory calculations also revealed the principle of long-range electronic effect to establish a new synthetic strategy of poly(disulfide)s with superior properties favorable for bioelectronics.
基金supported by the R&D program of the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(No.20016252,Development of a hybrid-type high-performance multimodal electronic skin sensor and a scalable module for robot manipulation)supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(Ministry of Science and ICT,MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00214236)+1 种基金the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.CRC230231-000)the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(KEIT)grant funded by the Korean government(MOTIE,No.RS-2022-00154781,Development of large-area wafer-level flexible/stretchable hybrid sensor platform technology for form factor-free highly integrated convergence sensors).
文摘The remarkable functionality of biological systems in detecting and adapting to various environmental conditions has inspired the design of the latest electronics and robots with advanced features.This review focuses on intelligent bio-inspired strategies for developing soft bioelectronics and robotics that can accommodate nanocomposite adhesives and integrate them into biological surfaces.The underlying principles of the material and structural design of nanocomposite adhesives were investigated for practical applications with excellent functionalities,such as soft skin-attachable health care sensors,highly stretchable adhesive electrodes,switchable adhesion,and untethered soft robotics.In addition,we have discussed recent progress in the development of effective fabrication methods for micro/nanostructures for integration into devices,presenting the current challenges and prospects.
基金supported by the National Science Foun-dation(NSF DMR-2105321,NSF CBET-2128140).
文摘This mini review examines the current advances and future prospects of chemical approaches in deformable bioelectronics,emphasizing their transformative potential in healthcare and other sectors.The mini review outlines novel fabrication strategies that rely on chemical principles to create adaptable,comfortable,and durable bioelectronic devices that are capable of seamlessly integrating into the dynamic biological environment.The discussion also extends to the integration of innovative device concepts that enhance the outcomes in both sensing and modulation functionalities.Performance-enhancing strategies that use chemistry to refine the sensitivity and precision of these devices are also highlighted.Moreover,the mini review explores the emerging applications of chemically enhanced bioelectronic devices in healthcare,reflecting the potential of this field to revolutionize patient care and improve health monitoring.In the outlook section,this mini review investigates the promising future of transient and living bioelectronics,emphasizing the pivotal role of chemical approaches in their development.It additionally covers the potential of chemical techniques in powering bioelectronic devices using biological systems and discusses the prospective applications of chemically synthesized bioelectronic devices outside of healthcare.While the field has made substantial progress,this mini review also identifies challenges that must be addressed,thus underlining the necessity for continued research and chemical innovation in bioelectronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China with Ref.No.22202050CUHK Direct Grant with Ref.No.4055219+4 种基金Croucher Foundation Grant with Ref.No.CAS20403in part by the Research Impact Fund Project R4015-21in part by the CUHK internal Grants,and in part by the Research Fellow Scheme(Project No.RFS2122-4S03)from the Research Grants Council(RGC)of Hong Kongsupport from the SIAT-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent Systemsthe Multiscale Medical Robotics Center(MRC),InnoHK,at the Hong Kong Science Park.
文摘Flexible electronics have attracted extensive attention across a wide range of fields due to their potential for preventive medicine and early disease detection.Microfiber-based textiles,encountered in everyday life,have emerged as promising platforms with integrated sensing capabilities.Microfluidic technology has been recognized as a promising avenue for the development of flexible conductive microfibers and has made significant achievements.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art advancements in microfiber-based flexible electronics fabricated using microfluidic platforms.Firstly,the fundamental strategies of the microfluidic fabrication of conductive microfibers with different structures and morphologies are introduced.Subsequently,attention is then directed towards the diverse applications of these microfibers in bioelectronics.Finally,we offer a forwardlooking perspective on the future challenges about microfluidic-derived microfibers in flexible bioelectronics.
