Background: The restrictive lockdown measures that were introduced as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic imposed constraints that affected university students’ drinking habits and mental health. Methods: The current...Background: The restrictive lockdown measures that were introduced as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic imposed constraints that affected university students’ drinking habits and mental health. Methods: The current study evaluated the rate of binge drinking among university students as they returned to normal life post-lockdown and whether binge drinking affected their mental health and quality of life. A cross-sectional study included 1382 university students (18 - 24 years) of one private Southwestern university in Brazil. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief were used. Data were collected after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period (from October 2021 to May 2022). Results: 52.6% of the students reported binge drinking, and 35.6% reported symptoms of depression. Binge drinkers were 1.41 times more likely to experience depressive symptoms when compared with non-binge drinkers, and binge drinking was a risk factor for lower quality of life in all three domains (physical, psychological and environmental). Conclusion: Our study highlights an increased prevalence of binge drinking in university students after the pandemic lockdown. The rise in binge drinking rates was linked to depressive symptoms and worsening of quality of life.展开更多
AIM: Nigella sativa L.(Ranunculaceae) is considered as a therapeutic plant-based medicine for liver damage. In this study, the aim was to study the effect of Nigella sativa oil(NSO) pretreatment on ethanol-induced hep...AIM: Nigella sativa L.(Ranunculaceae) is considered as a therapeutic plant-based medicine for liver damage. In this study, the aim was to study the effect of Nigella sativa oil(NSO) pretreatment on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. METHOD: Rats were given Nigella sativa oil at doses of 2.5 and 5.0 mL·kg-1, orally for 3 weeks, followed by oral ethanol(EtOH) administration(5 g·kg-1) every 12 h three times(binge model). RESULTS: Binge ethanol application caused significant increases in plasma transaminase activities and hepatic triglyceride and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels. It decreased hepatic glutathione(GSH) levels, but did not change vitamins E and vitamin C levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. NSO(5.0 mL·kg-1) pretreatment significantly decreased plasma transaminase activities, hepatic MDA, and triglyceride levels together with amelioration in hepatic histopathological findings. CONCLUSION: NSO pretreatment may be effective in protecting oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity after ethanol administration.展开更多
The consumption of alcoholic beverages is harmful to human health. In recent years, consumption patterns of alcoholic beverages have changed in our society, and binge drinking has generalized. It is considered to be a...The consumption of alcoholic beverages is harmful to human health. In recent years, consumption patterns of alcoholic beverages have changed in our society, and binge drinking has generalized. It is considered to be a socio-sanitary problem with few known consequences in terms of individual and third-party social impacts(in the form of violence or traffic accidents) and its organic impact(affects the liver and other organs and systems, such as the nervous and cardiovascular systems) and represents an important financial burden due to its increasing economic impact. This review provides a global approach to binge drinking and emphasizes its epidemiological character, the effect of this type of consumption and the possible management of a problem with an increasing tendency in our society.展开更多
AIM: To investigated the status of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor and angiotensionogen gene expression in rats treated chronically with ethanol followed by binge administration, a model that mimics the human s...AIM: To investigated the status of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor and angiotensionogen gene expression in rats treated chronically with ethanol followed by binge administration, a model that mimics the human scenario. METHODS: Rats were chronically treated with ethanol in liquid diet for 4 wk followed by a single binge mode of ethanol administration (5 mg/kg body weight). Samples were processed 4 h after binge ethanol administration (chronic ethanol binge). Control rats were fed isocaloric diet. In the control for binge, ethanol was replaced by water. Expression of mRNA for angioten-sinogen, c-fos and LDL-receptor, and nuclear accumulation of phospho-extracellular regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and ERK1/2 protein were examined. RESULTS: Binge ethanol administration in chronically treated rats caused increase in steatosis and necrosis. Chronic ethanol alone had negligible effect on mRNA levels of LDL-receptor, or on the levels of nuclear ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2. But, chronic ethanol followed by binge caused a decrease in LDL-receptor mRNA, and also decreased the levels of ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 in the nuclear compartment. On the other hand, chronic ethanol-binge increased mRNA expression of angiotensinogen and c-fos. CONCLUSION: Binge ethanol after chronic exposure, causes transcriptional dysregulation of LDL-receptor and angiotensinogen genes, both cardiovascular risk factors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Obese patients(Ob)with a binge eating disorders(BED)behavior pattern have a higher prevalence of postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)compared to Ob without a BED behavior pattern,while an increase of PDS has...BACKGROUND Obese patients(Ob)with a binge eating disorders(BED)behavior pattern have a higher prevalence of postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)compared to Ob without a BED behavior pattern,while an increase of PDS has been described in Ob after sleeve gastrectomy(SG).Hedonic response to a meal is dissociable from satiation in healthy subjects.Anhedonia is the lowered ability to experience pleasure.There are no studies investigating the presence of anhedonia in Ob with and without SG and its relationship to PDS symptoms.AIM To assess the relationship among anhedonia,BED and upper gastrointestinal symptoms in two group of morbidly Ob with and without SG.METHODS Eighty-one Ob without SG,45 Ob with SG and 55 healthy controls(HC)were studied.All subjects fulfilled the binge eating scale(BES)to investigate BED,the validated 14 items Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale(SHAPS)to assess Anhedonia as well as the Beck Depression Inventory-II(BDI II)and State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)questionnaires to screen for depression and anxiety.All patients underwent a standardized questionnaire investigating the intensity-frequency scores(0-6)of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and were diagnosed for the presence of functional dyspepsia(FD)and its subtypes according to ROME IV criteria.RESULTS Ob without SG who were positive for BED had a 4.7 higher risk of FD compared to Ob without SG who were negative for BED(OR:4.7;95.0%CI 1.23-18.24;P=0.02).STAI-Y2 scores were significantly higher in Ob without SG positive for BED(42.2±1.5 vs Ob negative for BED:39.6±1.0,P=0.04),while SHAPS scores and BDI II did not differ in the two groups(1.16±1.30 vs 0.89±1.02,P=0.49).A lower prevalence of BED(BES>17:11.4%vs 40.7%,P=0.001)and BDI-II(6.8±1.2 vs 13.8±1.9,P=0.005)was reported in Ob with SG than Ob without SG,on the contrary total mean scores of STAI-Y1 and STAI-Y2 were significantly higher in Ob with SG than Ob without SG.Thirty-five percent of Ob with SG fulfilled the diagnosis of FD.SHAPS mean scores and the prevalence of anhedonia did not differ among the two groups(18.2 vs 8.1%,P=0.2).Fifty-four percent of Ob with SG achieved surgical success excess weight loss>50%.Excess weight loss was negatively related to SHAPS total mean scores[adjusted B:-7.099(95%CI:-13.91 to-0.29),P=0.04].CONCLUSION Ob without SG showed a higher prevalence of PDS,mood disorders and anxiety when positive for BE behavior compared to those negative for BE behavior,whereas no differences were found in SHAPS score.Ob with SG showed a higher prevalence of PDS compared to Ob without SG.Concerning psychological aspect,BED and depression are less frequent in the Ob with SG,while both state and trait anxiety are significantly higher.Moreover,the more an Ob with SG is anhedonic,less surgical success was achieved.展开更多
Many of the various factors,characteristics,and variables involved in the addictive process can determine an individual’s vulnerability to develop drug addiction.Hedonic eating,based on pleasure rather than energy ne...Many of the various factors,characteristics,and variables involved in the addictive process can determine an individual’s vulnerability to develop drug addiction.Hedonic eating,based on pleasure rather than energy needs,modulates the same reward circuits,as do drugs of abuse.According to the last report of the World Health Organization,the worldwide obesity rate has more than doubled since 1980,reaching especially critical levels in children and young people,who are overexposed to high-fat,high-sugar,energy-dense foods.Over the past few decades,there has been an increase in the number of studies focused on how eating disorders can lead to the development of drug addiction and on the comorbidity that exists between the two disorders.Herein,we review the most recent research on the subject,focusing especially on animal models of binge eating disorders and drug addiction.The complex profile of patients with substance use and binge eating disorders requires an integrated response to dually diagnosed patients.Nutritional patterns should be considered an important variable in the treatment of substance use disorders,and future studies need to focus on specific treatments and interventions in individuals who show a special vulnerability to shift from one addiction to the other.展开更多
AIM To investigate the levels of impulsiveness, and the relationship between the binge eating disorder(BED) and the levels of impulsiveness in obese individuals.METHODS Two hundred and forty-one obese patients who wer...AIM To investigate the levels of impulsiveness, and the relationship between the binge eating disorder(BED) and the levels of impulsiveness in obese individuals.METHODS Two hundred and forty-one obese patients who were included in the study and candidate for bariatric surgery(weight loss surgery) were clinically interviewed to identify the BED group, and patients were divided into two groups: Those with BED and those without BED. The comorbidity rate of groups was determined by using structured clinical interview for DSM-Ⅳ(SCID-Ⅰ). A sociodemographic data form including the story of previous psychiatric treatment, structured clinical interview for DSM-Ⅳ(SCID-Ⅰ), Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 were applied to both of the groups.RESULTS In regard to 241 obese individuals included in the study, total score and score of attention subscale for BED(+) group were significantly high(P < 0.05). In addition, suicide attempt, story of psychiatric consultation, and score for BDI were again significantly high in the BED(+) group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION In assessment of obese individuals, assessment of associated psychopathology such as impulsive characteristics and suicide attempt in addition to disrupted eating behaviors will allow to have a more extensive view.展开更多
Binge Eating Disorder (BED) or uncontrolled food consumption is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome as a significant risk factor for health. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is characterized by central adiposity, hig...Binge Eating Disorder (BED) or uncontrolled food consumption is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome as a significant risk factor for health. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is characterized by central adiposity, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and increased fasting blood glucose. Approximately 9% of the general population suffer from Binge eating disorder (BED), a significant risk factor for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). This study evaluates the association between Binge Eating disorder (BED) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) development through a systematic review. Through analysis of previous studies, we discovered that 93 percent of those with BED had metabolic syndrome parameters in a series of investigations on BED conducted in general care. This systematic review aims to connect the frequency of binge-eating episodes and the development of metabolic syndrome. We have extracted five major studies (n = 5) through screening following systematic review standards.展开更多
Objectives: Dyshomeostasis of the dopaminergic system is implicated in the pathophysiology of eating disorders (EDs). We have previously reported an association between 3'-UTR VNTR (three prime untranslated region...Objectives: Dyshomeostasis of the dopaminergic system is implicated in the pathophysiology of eating disorders (EDs). We have previously reported an association between 3'-UTR VNTR (three prime untranslated region variable number of tandem repeat) of the Dopamine Transporter 1 (DAT1) gene and ED with binge eating behavior (EDBEB). Here we investigated whether variants in the coding region of the DAT1 gene also associate with EDBEB. Methods: The coding region and exon-intron junctions of the DAT1 gene were screened by direct sequencing using genomic DNA from EDBEB patients (n = 90) and healthy subjects (n = 114) on whom 3'-UTR VNTR variants had been previously determined. Results: rs2270912 and rs28363130, two of five known polymorphisms found by this screen, were significantly associated with EDBEB patients by genotype (p = 0.003, p = 0.011, respectively) and allele (p = 0.003, p = 0.012, respectively) frequency compared with healthy subjects. Interestingly, these polymorphisms associate with the risk 3'-UTR VNTR variant of EDBEB. Conclusion: Although our sample size was small, we show here that rs2270912 and rs28363130 associates with EDBEB and might act with 3'-UTR VNTR as a haplotype. These findings support the notion that the DAT1 gene plays a key role in the dopaminergic system of EDBEB.展开更多
Binge drinking is a major public health problem that affects all age groups. Its relation to the risk of impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes is unclear due to controversial findings in animal models and lack of s...Binge drinking is a major public health problem that affects all age groups. Its relation to the risk of impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes is unclear due to controversial findings in animal models and lack of studies in humans. We performed an experimental study on 10 adult volunteers (7M/3F) under the age of 40 who were occasional binge drinkers. In all participants, we performed a baseline two-hour euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp at 80 mU•m−2•min−1 at baseline for comparison with an age and sex matched control population of non-drinkers. On a second occasion, before and after ingestion of 78 g of alcohol (beer) in 2 hrs we also measured insulin sensitivity using a 15-minute short insulin tolerance test in drinkers. Blood glucose was also measured every 15 mins over 2 hours during alcohol ingestion. Volunteers were aged 27.6 ± 5.7 years, with a BMI of 23.1 ± 2.8 kg/m2, and ALAT of 24.7 ± 3.0 UI/L. Insulin sensitivity evaluated by the clamp technique was higher in occasional drinkers (M = 12.7 ± 3.4 mg•kg−1•min−1 vs. 8.0 ± 2.3 mg•kg−1•min−1 in non-drinkers, p = 0.011). Acute alcohol ingestion was associated with a non-significant trends towards improved glucose disappearance during short insulin tolerance test (KITT 2.53% ± 0.22%/min before vs. 3.11% ± 1.15%/min after;p = 0.122). Beer consumption induced a significant increase in capillary glycaemia of 78% (p = 0.001). Bingeing was associated with reduced insulin secretion (Homa-β 113.5 ± 22.7 vs. 155.4 ± 57.6;p = 0.047). Binge drinking may induce an increase in insulin sensitivity but acutely decrease insulin secretion.展开更多
Background Endocannabinoids acting via cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1R)can elicit increased intestinal permeability(a condition also called‘leaky gut’).Alcohol binge can adversely affect digestive functions,including in...Background Endocannabinoids acting via cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1R)can elicit increased intestinal permeability(a condition also called‘leaky gut’).Alcohol binge can adversely affect digestive functions,including intestinal permeability;however,the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.The current study aimed at examining whether CB1R is involved in alcohol binge-induced intestinal permeability.Methods We developed intestinal epithelial-specific CB1R knockout(CB1IEC−/−)mice and evaluated the in vivo contribution of gut CB1R in alcohol binge-induced intestinal permeability.Results Alcohol binge increased anandamide levels in the proximal small intestine in association with increased intestinal permeability.Radioligand binding and functional assays confirmed that the genetic deletion of intestinal epithelial CB1R did not alter the density or functionality of CB1R in the brain.Additionally,a peripheral CB1R antagonist,(S)-MRI-1891(INV-202/monlunabant),exhibited comparable binding affinity to CB1R in brain homogenates.An acute oral administration of(S)-MRI-1891(3 mg/kg)reduced alcohol binge-induced intestinal permeability in littermate control CB1f/f(CB1 floxed/floxed)mice but had no effect in CB1IEC−/−mice,underscoring the role of intestinal CB1R in this phenomenon.Mechanistically,we found that alcohol activated intestinal epithelial CB1R-ERK1/2 pathway with subsequent downregulation of tight junction proteins and reduction in villi length.In addition,targeting intestinal CB1R and downstream ERK1/2 was able to reverse this process,with subsequent upregulation of tight junction proteins and increased villi length,thus improving gut barrier function.Despite the effects on intestinal permeability,deletion of intestinal CB1R did not significantly affect metabolic parameters and liver disease.Conclusion Our findings suggest that alcohol promotes leaky gut via the activation of gut epithelial CB1R and demonstrate that inhibition of CB1R with peripheral-restricted selective CB1R antagonists can prevent alcohol binge-induced intestinal permeability.展开更多
Background:Binge drinking(BD)has been associated with elevated liver enzymes,but the joint association of BD and adiposity with liver enzymes is understudied.We aimed to examine the combined association of BD and obes...Background:Binge drinking(BD)has been associated with elevated liver enzymes,but the joint association of BD and adiposity with liver enzymes is understudied.We aimed to examine the combined association of BD and obesity with elevated liver enzymes.Methods:Data were obtained from 285,600 patients in the Korean National Health check-up program during 2009-2015.Level I BD(BD I)was defined as alcohol consumption of>60g(men)or>40g(women)on one occasion in the previous year.High-intensity BD(HIBD)corresponded to at least two times the BD I levels.General and abdominal obesity were defined by body mass index and waist circumference.Logistic regression was used to examine the independent and joint associations of BD and obesity with elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)levels.Relative excess risk(RERI),attributable proportion(AP),and synergy index(SI)were calculated to estimate the additive interaction effects.Results:The mean age was 42.1±0.03years and 50.2%were women.Elevated ALT[odds ratio(OR)1.09,95%confidence interval(CI)1.02-1.16],AST(OR 1.16,95%CI 1.11-1.23),and GGT(OR 1.84,95%CI 1.05-1.94)were associated with HIBD.Higher odds of elevated ALT(OR 3.57,95%CI 3.43-3.71),AST(OR 3.47,95%CI 3.37-3.58),and GGT(OR 2.10,95%CI 1.98-2.12)were observed in individuals with general obesity.A similar trend was observed for abdominal obesity.The RERI,AP,and SI for the interaction effect of BD and general obesity were 23%,7%,and 13%for elevated AST levels,and 67%,24%,and 58%for elevated GGT levels,respectively.Similar effects were observed for the interaction between BD and abdominal obesity.Conclusions:Obesity aggravated the odds of elevated liver AST and GGT levels in HIBD.展开更多
Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)is a conversational service that uses artificial intelligence and is also known as a chatbot.ChatGPT and similar applications have the potential to be a tool that can be...Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)is a conversational service that uses artificial intelligence and is also known as a chatbot.ChatGPT and similar applications have the potential to be a tool that can be used in the field of psychiatry.Eating disorders affect a large number of individuals worldwide.Tools that encourage and support people with eating disorders to seek mental health services may be critical to helping them get the care they need.However,body image,defined as the totality of a person's thoughts and perceptions about their physical appearance,has been linked to a variety of health problems,particularly among young adults,about eating disorders.There is limited literature on how chatbots respond to or provide information about body image.Preventing eating disorders before they occur is also of great importance.However,young adults who struggle with body image perception may be misled by the information produced by ChatGPT.Studies have yet to clarify whether a chatbot can improve eating disorder-related factors,eating disorder psychopathology,depression,and anxiety or detect eating disorders in advance.This study focuses on the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing information regarding eating disorders and its potential effects on body image perception.展开更多
BACKGROUND With the increasing global incidence of mental illness,depression has become a serious problem among college students.AIM To investigate the relationship between depression and its correlates in Chinese ado...BACKGROUND With the increasing global incidence of mental illness,depression has become a serious problem among college students.AIM To investigate the relationship between depression and its correlates in Chinese adolescents and to identify diagnostic predictors of depression,examine the effects of binge eating,physical activity,and body dissatisfaction on depression among college students and to determine a diagnostic cutoff value for depression based on body dissatisfaction.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1286 college students in South China.Physical activity level,depressive symptoms,and binge eating behavior were assessed using the Physical Activity Scale-3,Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale,and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire,respectively.The absolute difference between actual body mass index(BMI)and ideal BMI was used to indicate the level of body dissatisfaction.Structural equation modeling(SEM)and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis were used to examine the relationships between these variables and depression.RESULTS The findings showed that female college students reported higher levels of depression.Physical activity,body dissatisfaction,and binge eating behavior were significantly associated with depression.SEM revealed that body dissatisfaction played a mediating role.A body dissatisfaction score of 1.73 was identified as the diagnostic cutoff value for predicting depression,with an area under the ROC curve of 70.0%,providing a basis for targeted interventions.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a significant positive correlation between body dissatisfaction and depression.Low levels of physical activity and binge eating behaviors were found to heighten the risk of depression.Therefore,promoting physical activity and healthy eating habits among adolescents is essential.Additionally,the identification of a diagnostic threshold for body dissatisfaction represents a novel finding with important implications for early screening.Future longitudinal studies are recommended to further refine this diagnostic criterion.展开更多
We develop a two-stage （four component） model for youths with serious drinking prob- lems and their treatment. The youths with alcohol problems are split into two classes, namely those who admit to having a problem ...We develop a two-stage （four component） model for youths with serious drinking prob- lems and their treatment. The youths with alcohol problems are split into two classes, namely those who admit to having a problem and those who do not. It is shown that the model possesses two steady states, one where people have no alcohol problems and one where there is an endemic state involving those with an alcohol problem. The stability of these states is analyzed and a threshold established such that each state will be stable depending on whether the incidence rate is above or below the threshold. The model is analyzed in the context of actual data.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the capabilities of large language models(LLM)for providing information and diagnoses in the field of neuro-ophthalmology by comparing the performances of ChatGPT-3.5 and-4.0,Bard,and Bing.METHODS:E...AIM:To investigate the capabilities of large language models(LLM)for providing information and diagnoses in the field of neuro-ophthalmology by comparing the performances of ChatGPT-3.5 and-4.0,Bard,and Bing.METHODS:Each chatbot was evaluated for four criteria,namely diagnostic success rate for the described case,answer quality,response speed,and critical keywords for diagnosis.The selected topics included optic neuritis,nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,and Leber hereditary optic neuropathy.RESULTS:In terms of diagnostic success rate for the described cases,Bard was unable to provide a diagnosis.The success rates for the described cases increased in the order of Bing,ChatGPT-3.5,and ChatGPT-4.0.Further,ChatGPT-4.0 and-3.5 provided the most satisfactory answer quality for judgment by neuro-ophthalmologists,with their sets of answers resembling the sample set most.Bard was only able to provide ten differential diagnoses in three trials.Bing scored the lowest for the satisfactory standard.A Mann-Whitney test indicated that Bard was significantly faster than ChatGPT-4.0(Z=-3.576,P=0.000),ChatGPT-3.5(Z=-3.576,P=0.000)and Bing(Z=-2.517,P=0.011).ChatGPT-3.5 and-4.0 far exceeded the other two interfaces at providing diagnoses and were thus used to find the critical keywords for diagnosis.CONCLUSION:ChatGPT-3.5 and-4.0 are better than Bard and Bing in terms of answer success rate,answer quality,and critical keywords for diagnosis in ophthalmology.This study has broad implications for the field of ophthalmology,providing further evidence that artificial intelligence LLM can aid clinical decision-making through free-text explanations.展开更多
By analyzing the structure and academic characteristics of early Western Han medical texts such as Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Diseases(Wu Shi Er Bing Fang)and Prescriptions for Health Preservation(Yang Sheng Fang),an...By analyzing the structure and academic characteristics of early Western Han medical texts such as Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Diseases(Wu Shi Er Bing Fang)and Prescriptions for Health Preservation(Yang Sheng Fang),and considering the development of philosophical thinking during the pre-Qin and Han periods,this study summarizes how Zhongjing Zhang’s Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(Shang Han Za Bing Lun)inherited pre-Qin and Han philosophical thought while further integrating Daoist“natural law”cosmology,Confucian“benevolence”social ethics,and the“isomorphic unity of heaven and humanity”medical theory in Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing).It proposes health preservation concepts encompassing heaven-human,body-spirit,and benevolence perspectives,along with dietary hygiene,representing the medical embodiment of pre-Han“virtue cultivation”and“body nurturing”life philosophies that profoundly influenced subsequent traditional Chinese medicine health preservation theory and practice.展开更多
文摘Background: The restrictive lockdown measures that were introduced as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic imposed constraints that affected university students’ drinking habits and mental health. Methods: The current study evaluated the rate of binge drinking among university students as they returned to normal life post-lockdown and whether binge drinking affected their mental health and quality of life. A cross-sectional study included 1382 university students (18 - 24 years) of one private Southwestern university in Brazil. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief were used. Data were collected after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period (from October 2021 to May 2022). Results: 52.6% of the students reported binge drinking, and 35.6% reported symptoms of depression. Binge drinkers were 1.41 times more likely to experience depressive symptoms when compared with non-binge drinkers, and binge drinking was a risk factor for lower quality of life in all three domains (physical, psychological and environmental). Conclusion: Our study highlights an increased prevalence of binge drinking in university students after the pandemic lockdown. The rise in binge drinking rates was linked to depressive symptoms and worsening of quality of life.
基金supported by the Research Fund of Istanbul University(No.6101)
文摘AIM: Nigella sativa L.(Ranunculaceae) is considered as a therapeutic plant-based medicine for liver damage. In this study, the aim was to study the effect of Nigella sativa oil(NSO) pretreatment on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. METHOD: Rats were given Nigella sativa oil at doses of 2.5 and 5.0 mL·kg-1, orally for 3 weeks, followed by oral ethanol(EtOH) administration(5 g·kg-1) every 12 h three times(binge model). RESULTS: Binge ethanol application caused significant increases in plasma transaminase activities and hepatic triglyceride and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels. It decreased hepatic glutathione(GSH) levels, but did not change vitamins E and vitamin C levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. NSO(5.0 mL·kg-1) pretreatment significantly decreased plasma transaminase activities, hepatic MDA, and triglyceride levels together with amelioration in hepatic histopathological findings. CONCLUSION: NSO pretreatment may be effective in protecting oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity after ethanol administration.
文摘The consumption of alcoholic beverages is harmful to human health. In recent years, consumption patterns of alcoholic beverages have changed in our society, and binge drinking has generalized. It is considered to be a socio-sanitary problem with few known consequences in terms of individual and third-party social impacts(in the form of violence or traffic accidents) and its organic impact(affects the liver and other organs and systems, such as the nervous and cardiovascular systems) and represents an important financial burden due to its increasing economic impact. This review provides a global approach to binge drinking and emphasizes its epidemiological character, the effect of this type of consumption and the possible management of a problem with an increasing tendency in our society.
文摘AIM: To investigated the status of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor and angiotensionogen gene expression in rats treated chronically with ethanol followed by binge administration, a model that mimics the human scenario. METHODS: Rats were chronically treated with ethanol in liquid diet for 4 wk followed by a single binge mode of ethanol administration (5 mg/kg body weight). Samples were processed 4 h after binge ethanol administration (chronic ethanol binge). Control rats were fed isocaloric diet. In the control for binge, ethanol was replaced by water. Expression of mRNA for angioten-sinogen, c-fos and LDL-receptor, and nuclear accumulation of phospho-extracellular regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and ERK1/2 protein were examined. RESULTS: Binge ethanol administration in chronically treated rats caused increase in steatosis and necrosis. Chronic ethanol alone had negligible effect on mRNA levels of LDL-receptor, or on the levels of nuclear ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2. But, chronic ethanol followed by binge caused a decrease in LDL-receptor mRNA, and also decreased the levels of ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 in the nuclear compartment. On the other hand, chronic ethanol-binge increased mRNA expression of angiotensinogen and c-fos. CONCLUSION: Binge ethanol after chronic exposure, causes transcriptional dysregulation of LDL-receptor and angiotensinogen genes, both cardiovascular risk factors.
文摘BACKGROUND Obese patients(Ob)with a binge eating disorders(BED)behavior pattern have a higher prevalence of postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)compared to Ob without a BED behavior pattern,while an increase of PDS has been described in Ob after sleeve gastrectomy(SG).Hedonic response to a meal is dissociable from satiation in healthy subjects.Anhedonia is the lowered ability to experience pleasure.There are no studies investigating the presence of anhedonia in Ob with and without SG and its relationship to PDS symptoms.AIM To assess the relationship among anhedonia,BED and upper gastrointestinal symptoms in two group of morbidly Ob with and without SG.METHODS Eighty-one Ob without SG,45 Ob with SG and 55 healthy controls(HC)were studied.All subjects fulfilled the binge eating scale(BES)to investigate BED,the validated 14 items Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale(SHAPS)to assess Anhedonia as well as the Beck Depression Inventory-II(BDI II)and State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)questionnaires to screen for depression and anxiety.All patients underwent a standardized questionnaire investigating the intensity-frequency scores(0-6)of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and were diagnosed for the presence of functional dyspepsia(FD)and its subtypes according to ROME IV criteria.RESULTS Ob without SG who were positive for BED had a 4.7 higher risk of FD compared to Ob without SG who were negative for BED(OR:4.7;95.0%CI 1.23-18.24;P=0.02).STAI-Y2 scores were significantly higher in Ob without SG positive for BED(42.2±1.5 vs Ob negative for BED:39.6±1.0,P=0.04),while SHAPS scores and BDI II did not differ in the two groups(1.16±1.30 vs 0.89±1.02,P=0.49).A lower prevalence of BED(BES>17:11.4%vs 40.7%,P=0.001)and BDI-II(6.8±1.2 vs 13.8±1.9,P=0.005)was reported in Ob with SG than Ob without SG,on the contrary total mean scores of STAI-Y1 and STAI-Y2 were significantly higher in Ob with SG than Ob without SG.Thirty-five percent of Ob with SG fulfilled the diagnosis of FD.SHAPS mean scores and the prevalence of anhedonia did not differ among the two groups(18.2 vs 8.1%,P=0.2).Fifty-four percent of Ob with SG achieved surgical success excess weight loss>50%.Excess weight loss was negatively related to SHAPS total mean scores[adjusted B:-7.099(95%CI:-13.91 to-0.29),P=0.04].CONCLUSION Ob without SG showed a higher prevalence of PDS,mood disorders and anxiety when positive for BE behavior compared to those negative for BE behavior,whereas no differences were found in SHAPS score.Ob with SG showed a higher prevalence of PDS compared to Ob without SG.Concerning psychological aspect,BED and depression are less frequent in the Ob with SG,while both state and trait anxiety are significantly higher.Moreover,the more an Ob with SG is anhedonic,less surgical success was achieved.
基金Supported by Generalitat Valenciana,Conselleria Educacion,Direccion General de Universidades,Grupos de Investigacion de Excelencia,No.PROMETEO 2018/132Ministerio de Sanidad,Servicios Sociales e Igualdad,Delegacion del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas,Proyectos de Investigacion sobre Drogodependencias,No.2018I013Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ,Red de Trastornos Adictivos y Union Europea,Fondos FEDER una manera de,No.RD16/0017/0007.
文摘Many of the various factors,characteristics,and variables involved in the addictive process can determine an individual’s vulnerability to develop drug addiction.Hedonic eating,based on pleasure rather than energy needs,modulates the same reward circuits,as do drugs of abuse.According to the last report of the World Health Organization,the worldwide obesity rate has more than doubled since 1980,reaching especially critical levels in children and young people,who are overexposed to high-fat,high-sugar,energy-dense foods.Over the past few decades,there has been an increase in the number of studies focused on how eating disorders can lead to the development of drug addiction and on the comorbidity that exists between the two disorders.Herein,we review the most recent research on the subject,focusing especially on animal models of binge eating disorders and drug addiction.The complex profile of patients with substance use and binge eating disorders requires an integrated response to dually diagnosed patients.Nutritional patterns should be considered an important variable in the treatment of substance use disorders,and future studies need to focus on specific treatments and interventions in individuals who show a special vulnerability to shift from one addiction to the other.
文摘AIM To investigate the levels of impulsiveness, and the relationship between the binge eating disorder(BED) and the levels of impulsiveness in obese individuals.METHODS Two hundred and forty-one obese patients who were included in the study and candidate for bariatric surgery(weight loss surgery) were clinically interviewed to identify the BED group, and patients were divided into two groups: Those with BED and those without BED. The comorbidity rate of groups was determined by using structured clinical interview for DSM-Ⅳ(SCID-Ⅰ). A sociodemographic data form including the story of previous psychiatric treatment, structured clinical interview for DSM-Ⅳ(SCID-Ⅰ), Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 were applied to both of the groups.RESULTS In regard to 241 obese individuals included in the study, total score and score of attention subscale for BED(+) group were significantly high(P < 0.05). In addition, suicide attempt, story of psychiatric consultation, and score for BDI were again significantly high in the BED(+) group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION In assessment of obese individuals, assessment of associated psychopathology such as impulsive characteristics and suicide attempt in addition to disrupted eating behaviors will allow to have a more extensive view.
文摘Binge Eating Disorder (BED) or uncontrolled food consumption is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome as a significant risk factor for health. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is characterized by central adiposity, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and increased fasting blood glucose. Approximately 9% of the general population suffer from Binge eating disorder (BED), a significant risk factor for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). This study evaluates the association between Binge Eating disorder (BED) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) development through a systematic review. Through analysis of previous studies, we discovered that 93 percent of those with BED had metabolic syndrome parameters in a series of investigations on BED conducted in general care. This systematic review aims to connect the frequency of binge-eating episodes and the development of metabolic syndrome. We have extracted five major studies (n = 5) through screening following systematic review standards.
文摘Objectives: Dyshomeostasis of the dopaminergic system is implicated in the pathophysiology of eating disorders (EDs). We have previously reported an association between 3'-UTR VNTR (three prime untranslated region variable number of tandem repeat) of the Dopamine Transporter 1 (DAT1) gene and ED with binge eating behavior (EDBEB). Here we investigated whether variants in the coding region of the DAT1 gene also associate with EDBEB. Methods: The coding region and exon-intron junctions of the DAT1 gene were screened by direct sequencing using genomic DNA from EDBEB patients (n = 90) and healthy subjects (n = 114) on whom 3'-UTR VNTR variants had been previously determined. Results: rs2270912 and rs28363130, two of five known polymorphisms found by this screen, were significantly associated with EDBEB patients by genotype (p = 0.003, p = 0.011, respectively) and allele (p = 0.003, p = 0.012, respectively) frequency compared with healthy subjects. Interestingly, these polymorphisms associate with the risk 3'-UTR VNTR variant of EDBEB. Conclusion: Although our sample size was small, we show here that rs2270912 and rs28363130 associates with EDBEB and might act with 3'-UTR VNTR as a haplotype. These findings support the notion that the DAT1 gene plays a key role in the dopaminergic system of EDBEB.
文摘Binge drinking is a major public health problem that affects all age groups. Its relation to the risk of impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes is unclear due to controversial findings in animal models and lack of studies in humans. We performed an experimental study on 10 adult volunteers (7M/3F) under the age of 40 who were occasional binge drinkers. In all participants, we performed a baseline two-hour euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp at 80 mU•m−2•min−1 at baseline for comparison with an age and sex matched control population of non-drinkers. On a second occasion, before and after ingestion of 78 g of alcohol (beer) in 2 hrs we also measured insulin sensitivity using a 15-minute short insulin tolerance test in drinkers. Blood glucose was also measured every 15 mins over 2 hours during alcohol ingestion. Volunteers were aged 27.6 ± 5.7 years, with a BMI of 23.1 ± 2.8 kg/m2, and ALAT of 24.7 ± 3.0 UI/L. Insulin sensitivity evaluated by the clamp technique was higher in occasional drinkers (M = 12.7 ± 3.4 mg•kg−1•min−1 vs. 8.0 ± 2.3 mg•kg−1•min−1 in non-drinkers, p = 0.011). Acute alcohol ingestion was associated with a non-significant trends towards improved glucose disappearance during short insulin tolerance test (KITT 2.53% ± 0.22%/min before vs. 3.11% ± 1.15%/min after;p = 0.122). Beer consumption induced a significant increase in capillary glycaemia of 78% (p = 0.001). Bingeing was associated with reduced insulin secretion (Homa-β 113.5 ± 22.7 vs. 155.4 ± 57.6;p = 0.047). Binge drinking may induce an increase in insulin sensitivity but acutely decrease insulin secretion.
基金supported by the intramural programme of NIAAA,NIH(AA00350 to GK,AA000369 and AA000368 to BG)supported by Grant PD-139012 of the National Research,Development and Innovation Office and the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
文摘Background Endocannabinoids acting via cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1R)can elicit increased intestinal permeability(a condition also called‘leaky gut’).Alcohol binge can adversely affect digestive functions,including intestinal permeability;however,the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.The current study aimed at examining whether CB1R is involved in alcohol binge-induced intestinal permeability.Methods We developed intestinal epithelial-specific CB1R knockout(CB1IEC−/−)mice and evaluated the in vivo contribution of gut CB1R in alcohol binge-induced intestinal permeability.Results Alcohol binge increased anandamide levels in the proximal small intestine in association with increased intestinal permeability.Radioligand binding and functional assays confirmed that the genetic deletion of intestinal epithelial CB1R did not alter the density or functionality of CB1R in the brain.Additionally,a peripheral CB1R antagonist,(S)-MRI-1891(INV-202/monlunabant),exhibited comparable binding affinity to CB1R in brain homogenates.An acute oral administration of(S)-MRI-1891(3 mg/kg)reduced alcohol binge-induced intestinal permeability in littermate control CB1f/f(CB1 floxed/floxed)mice but had no effect in CB1IEC−/−mice,underscoring the role of intestinal CB1R in this phenomenon.Mechanistically,we found that alcohol activated intestinal epithelial CB1R-ERK1/2 pathway with subsequent downregulation of tight junction proteins and reduction in villi length.In addition,targeting intestinal CB1R and downstream ERK1/2 was able to reverse this process,with subsequent upregulation of tight junction proteins and increased villi length,thus improving gut barrier function.Despite the effects on intestinal permeability,deletion of intestinal CB1R did not significantly affect metabolic parameters and liver disease.Conclusion Our findings suggest that alcohol promotes leaky gut via the activation of gut epithelial CB1R and demonstrate that inhibition of CB1R with peripheral-restricted selective CB1R antagonists can prevent alcohol binge-induced intestinal permeability.
基金supported by the Regional Innovation Strategy through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)(2022RIS-005).
文摘Background:Binge drinking(BD)has been associated with elevated liver enzymes,but the joint association of BD and adiposity with liver enzymes is understudied.We aimed to examine the combined association of BD and obesity with elevated liver enzymes.Methods:Data were obtained from 285,600 patients in the Korean National Health check-up program during 2009-2015.Level I BD(BD I)was defined as alcohol consumption of>60g(men)or>40g(women)on one occasion in the previous year.High-intensity BD(HIBD)corresponded to at least two times the BD I levels.General and abdominal obesity were defined by body mass index and waist circumference.Logistic regression was used to examine the independent and joint associations of BD and obesity with elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)levels.Relative excess risk(RERI),attributable proportion(AP),and synergy index(SI)were calculated to estimate the additive interaction effects.Results:The mean age was 42.1±0.03years and 50.2%were women.Elevated ALT[odds ratio(OR)1.09,95%confidence interval(CI)1.02-1.16],AST(OR 1.16,95%CI 1.11-1.23),and GGT(OR 1.84,95%CI 1.05-1.94)were associated with HIBD.Higher odds of elevated ALT(OR 3.57,95%CI 3.43-3.71),AST(OR 3.47,95%CI 3.37-3.58),and GGT(OR 2.10,95%CI 1.98-2.12)were observed in individuals with general obesity.A similar trend was observed for abdominal obesity.The RERI,AP,and SI for the interaction effect of BD and general obesity were 23%,7%,and 13%for elevated AST levels,and 67%,24%,and 58%for elevated GGT levels,respectively.Similar effects were observed for the interaction between BD and abdominal obesity.Conclusions:Obesity aggravated the odds of elevated liver AST and GGT levels in HIBD.
文摘Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)is a conversational service that uses artificial intelligence and is also known as a chatbot.ChatGPT and similar applications have the potential to be a tool that can be used in the field of psychiatry.Eating disorders affect a large number of individuals worldwide.Tools that encourage and support people with eating disorders to seek mental health services may be critical to helping them get the care they need.However,body image,defined as the totality of a person's thoughts and perceptions about their physical appearance,has been linked to a variety of health problems,particularly among young adults,about eating disorders.There is limited literature on how chatbots respond to or provide information about body image.Preventing eating disorders before they occur is also of great importance.However,young adults who struggle with body image perception may be misled by the information produced by ChatGPT.Studies have yet to clarify whether a chatbot can improve eating disorder-related factors,eating disorder psychopathology,depression,and anxiety or detect eating disorders in advance.This study focuses on the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing information regarding eating disorders and its potential effects on body image perception.
基金Supported by Starting Research Fund from the Gannan Medical University,No.QD202121。
文摘BACKGROUND With the increasing global incidence of mental illness,depression has become a serious problem among college students.AIM To investigate the relationship between depression and its correlates in Chinese adolescents and to identify diagnostic predictors of depression,examine the effects of binge eating,physical activity,and body dissatisfaction on depression among college students and to determine a diagnostic cutoff value for depression based on body dissatisfaction.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1286 college students in South China.Physical activity level,depressive symptoms,and binge eating behavior were assessed using the Physical Activity Scale-3,Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale,and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire,respectively.The absolute difference between actual body mass index(BMI)and ideal BMI was used to indicate the level of body dissatisfaction.Structural equation modeling(SEM)and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis were used to examine the relationships between these variables and depression.RESULTS The findings showed that female college students reported higher levels of depression.Physical activity,body dissatisfaction,and binge eating behavior were significantly associated with depression.SEM revealed that body dissatisfaction played a mediating role.A body dissatisfaction score of 1.73 was identified as the diagnostic cutoff value for predicting depression,with an area under the ROC curve of 70.0%,providing a basis for targeted interventions.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a significant positive correlation between body dissatisfaction and depression.Low levels of physical activity and binge eating behaviors were found to heighten the risk of depression.Therefore,promoting physical activity and healthy eating habits among adolescents is essential.Additionally,the identification of a diagnostic threshold for body dissatisfaction represents a novel finding with important implications for early screening.Future longitudinal studies are recommended to further refine this diagnostic criterion.
文摘We develop a two-stage （four component） model for youths with serious drinking prob- lems and their treatment. The youths with alcohol problems are split into two classes, namely those who admit to having a problem and those who do not. It is shown that the model possesses two steady states, one where people have no alcohol problems and one where there is an endemic state involving those with an alcohol problem. The stability of these states is analyzed and a threshold established such that each state will be stable depending on whether the incidence rate is above or below the threshold. The model is analyzed in the context of actual data.
文摘AIM:To investigate the capabilities of large language models(LLM)for providing information and diagnoses in the field of neuro-ophthalmology by comparing the performances of ChatGPT-3.5 and-4.0,Bard,and Bing.METHODS:Each chatbot was evaluated for four criteria,namely diagnostic success rate for the described case,answer quality,response speed,and critical keywords for diagnosis.The selected topics included optic neuritis,nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,and Leber hereditary optic neuropathy.RESULTS:In terms of diagnostic success rate for the described cases,Bard was unable to provide a diagnosis.The success rates for the described cases increased in the order of Bing,ChatGPT-3.5,and ChatGPT-4.0.Further,ChatGPT-4.0 and-3.5 provided the most satisfactory answer quality for judgment by neuro-ophthalmologists,with their sets of answers resembling the sample set most.Bard was only able to provide ten differential diagnoses in three trials.Bing scored the lowest for the satisfactory standard.A Mann-Whitney test indicated that Bard was significantly faster than ChatGPT-4.0(Z=-3.576,P=0.000),ChatGPT-3.5(Z=-3.576,P=0.000)and Bing(Z=-2.517,P=0.011).ChatGPT-3.5 and-4.0 far exceeded the other two interfaces at providing diagnoses and were thus used to find the critical keywords for diagnosis.CONCLUSION:ChatGPT-3.5 and-4.0 are better than Bard and Bing in terms of answer success rate,answer quality,and critical keywords for diagnosis in ophthalmology.This study has broad implications for the field of ophthalmology,providing further evidence that artificial intelligence LLM can aid clinical decision-making through free-text explanations.
基金supported by the Henan Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture and Management Research Project(TCM2022036)Henan Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture Publication Funding Special Project(TCMCB2023016)+3 种基金Henan University of Chinese Medicine Research Seedling Project(MP2023-29)National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project(GZY-KJS-2022-043-1)Henan Culture-Promoting Project Cultural Research Special Project(2022XWH231)National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project(GZY-KJS-2022-037).
文摘By analyzing the structure and academic characteristics of early Western Han medical texts such as Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Diseases(Wu Shi Er Bing Fang)and Prescriptions for Health Preservation(Yang Sheng Fang),and considering the development of philosophical thinking during the pre-Qin and Han periods,this study summarizes how Zhongjing Zhang’s Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(Shang Han Za Bing Lun)inherited pre-Qin and Han philosophical thought while further integrating Daoist“natural law”cosmology,Confucian“benevolence”social ethics,and the“isomorphic unity of heaven and humanity”medical theory in Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing).It proposes health preservation concepts encompassing heaven-human,body-spirit,and benevolence perspectives,along with dietary hygiene,representing the medical embodiment of pre-Han“virtue cultivation”and“body nurturing”life philosophies that profoundly influenced subsequent traditional Chinese medicine health preservation theory and practice.
