Among the four candidate algorithms in the fourth round of NIST standardization,the BIKE(Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation)scheme has a small key size and high efficiency,showing good prospects for application.However,th...Among the four candidate algorithms in the fourth round of NIST standardization,the BIKE(Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation)scheme has a small key size and high efficiency,showing good prospects for application.However,the BIKE scheme based on QC-MDPC(Quasi Cyclic Medium Density Parity Check)codes still faces challenges such as the GJS attack and weak key attacks targeting the decoding failure rate(DFR).This paper analyzes the BGF decoding algorithm of the BIKE scheme,revealing two deep factors that lead to DFR,and proposes a weak key optimization attack method for the BGF decoding algorithm based on these two factors.The proposed method constructs a new weak key set,and experiment results eventually indicate that,considering BIKE’s parameter set targeting 128-bit security,the average decryption failure rate is lowerly bounded by.This result not only highlights a significant vulnerability in the BIKE scheme but also provides valuable insights for future improvements in its design.By addressing these weaknesses,the robustness of QC-MDPC code-based cryptographic systems can be enhanced,paving the way for more secure post-quantum cryptographic solutions.展开更多
【目的】为降低内蒙古平原灌区农业生产中氮肥用量且确保该区玉米持续绿色高产,开展了元泰丰BGF(Biogenic Gas and Fertilizer,简称BGF技术)有机肥/腐植酸和菌剂化肥减量技术对甜糯玉米产量及土壤性质的影响研究。【方法】采用裂区试验...【目的】为降低内蒙古平原灌区农业生产中氮肥用量且确保该区玉米持续绿色高产,开展了元泰丰BGF(Biogenic Gas and Fertilizer,简称BGF技术)有机肥/腐植酸和菌剂化肥减量技术对甜糯玉米产量及土壤性质的影响研究。【方法】采用裂区试验设计,品种为主区,BGF有机肥及氮肥减量施用是副区,品种为金糯8号和金甜9号,副区为CK、有机肥1500 kg/hm^(2)(T1)、3000 kg/hm^(2)(T2)、4500 kg/hm^(2)(T3)、6000 kg/hm^(2)(T4),各处理比常规施氮量减量30%,施用量为纯氮210 kg/hm^(2)。【结果】BGF有机肥与腐植酸水溶液、菌剂的化肥减量技术对甜糯玉米产量、土壤养分具有显著的提升作用。与对照相比,BGF有机肥与腐植酸水溶液、菌剂的化肥减量技术使金糯8号土壤阳离子交换量、有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾均显著提高,分别提高50.94%~38.56%,5.45%~25.69%、6.97%~41.01%,29.94%~106.87%、2.60%~38.54%,全氮、全磷含量显著提高0.006~0.026、0.017~0.092个百分点;使金甜9号土壤阳离子交换量、有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾显著提高6.98%~44.71%、3.19%~12.58%、4.66%~24.23%、37.85%~83.03%、4.41%~24.61%,全氮、全磷含量显著提高0.022~0.019、0.014~0.041个百分点,对糯玉米土壤性质改良效果优于甜玉米,适宜的用量能够显著增加糯玉米0~20 cm土层有机质、速效磷、速效钾和20~40 cm土层有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾的积累,而有机质、速效磷、速效钾多富集于0~20 cm土层。同时,BGF有机肥与腐植酸水溶液、菌剂的化肥减量技术使甜、糯玉米产量分别提高5.38%~19.25%、12.23%~29.30%。【结论】5个处理中,T1处理对甜糯玉米产量及土壤性质的改善最显著,因此,生产中1500 kg/hm^(2)为适宜的推荐用量。展开更多
基金funded by Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology Postgraduate Excellence Demonstration Course Project(20230002Z0452).
文摘Among the four candidate algorithms in the fourth round of NIST standardization,the BIKE(Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation)scheme has a small key size and high efficiency,showing good prospects for application.However,the BIKE scheme based on QC-MDPC(Quasi Cyclic Medium Density Parity Check)codes still faces challenges such as the GJS attack and weak key attacks targeting the decoding failure rate(DFR).This paper analyzes the BGF decoding algorithm of the BIKE scheme,revealing two deep factors that lead to DFR,and proposes a weak key optimization attack method for the BGF decoding algorithm based on these two factors.The proposed method constructs a new weak key set,and experiment results eventually indicate that,considering BIKE’s parameter set targeting 128-bit security,the average decryption failure rate is lowerly bounded by.This result not only highlights a significant vulnerability in the BIKE scheme but also provides valuable insights for future improvements in its design.By addressing these weaknesses,the robustness of QC-MDPC code-based cryptographic systems can be enhanced,paving the way for more secure post-quantum cryptographic solutions.
