KIT-5/Beta composite supports were synthesized using an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal method,and NiW/KIT-5/Beta catalysts were prepared by impregnation.A series of characterization techniques were utilized to eva...KIT-5/Beta composite supports were synthesized using an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal method,and NiW/KIT-5/Beta catalysts were prepared by impregnation.A series of characterization techniques were utilized to evaluate the influence of varying hydrothermal synthesis temperatures on the physicochemical properties of both the KIT-5/Beta supports and the resulting catalysts.The catalytic performances of catalysts were evaluated under reaction conditions of 320℃,4 MPa H_(2)pressure,and a weight hourly space velocity(WHSV)of 4.8 h^(-1)for hydrodenitrogenation(HDN)of quinoline.The results indicated that the specific surface area and pore structure of the materials could be effectively regulated by adjusting the hydrothermal synthesis temperature,which in turn influenced the number of active sites on the catalyst.The NiW/KB-125 catalyst,synthesized at 125℃,presented the highest quinoline HDN efficiency(96.8%),which can be attributed to its favorable pore channel structure,greater Brønsted acid number,higher degree of metal sulfidation(80.12%)and appropriate metal-support interaction(MSI).展开更多
In the words of the late Sir Colin Blakemore,neurologists have historically sought to infer brain functions in a manner akin to to king a hammer to a computeranalyzing localized anatomical lesions caused by trauma,tum...In the words of the late Sir Colin Blakemore,neurologists have historically sought to infer brain functions in a manner akin to to king a hammer to a computeranalyzing localized anatomical lesions caused by trauma,tumors,or strokes,noting deficits,and inferring what functions certain brain regions may be responsible for.This approach exemplifies a deletion heuristic,where the absence of a specific function reveals insights about the underlying structures or mechanisms responsible for it.By observing what is lost when a particular brain region is damaged,throughout the history of the field,neurologists have pieced together the intricate relationship between anatomy and function.展开更多
This article analyzes the predictability of market betas concerning cryptocurrency assets and evaluates the efficiency of beta-hedged,market-neutral portfolios.We forecast 1-year-ahead market betas using various estim...This article analyzes the predictability of market betas concerning cryptocurrency assets and evaluates the efficiency of beta-hedged,market-neutral portfolios.We forecast 1-year-ahead market betas using various estimating methods,including ordinary least squares(OLS)and Vasicek’s Bayesian shrinkage estimator,and assess their impact on portfolio variance reduction across cryptomarket indices.Our findings indicate that while standard OLS betas explain significantly less of the variation in future betas for cryptoassets compared to US stocks,slope winsorization and Bayesian shrinkage improve prediction accuracy.The results suggest that beta-hedged portfolios reduce variance for approximately 17%of the universe,with the Broad Digital Market Index demonstrating the best hedging efficiency.These findings underscore the significant challenges of developing effective hedging strategies in the cryptocurrency market,emphasizing the importance of idiosyncratic risk in crypto returns and the need for appropriate market index representation.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive functions.Given that AD undermines the quality of life for millions and has an extended asymptomatic period...Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive functions.Given that AD undermines the quality of life for millions and has an extended asymptomatic period,exploring the full AD pathogenesis and seeking the optimal therapeutic solution have become critical and imperative.This allows researchers to intervene,delay,and potentially prevent AD progression.Several clinical imaging methods are utilized routinely to diagnose and monitor AD,such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),positron emission tomography(PET),and single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT).Nevertheless,due to their intrinsic drawbacks and restrictions,such as radiation concerns,high cost,long acquisition time,and low spatial resolution,their applications in AD research are limited,especially at the cellular and molecular levels.In contrast,optical microscopic imaging methods overcome these limitations,offering researchers a variety of approaches with distinct advantages to explore AD pathology on diverse models.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of commonly utilized optical microscopic imaging techniques in AD research and introduce their contributions to image amyloid beta(Aβ)species.These techniques include fluorescence microscopy(FM),confocal microscopy(CM),two-photon fluorescence microscopy(TPFM),super-resolution microscopy(SRM),expansion microscopy(ExM),and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy(LSFM).In addition,we introduce some related topics,such as the development of near-infrared(NIR)Aβprobes,the Aβplaque hypothesis,and Aβoligomer hypothesis,and the roles of microglia and astrocytes in AD progression.We believe optical microscopic imaging methods continue to play an indispensable role in deciphering the full pathogenesis of AD and advancing therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Beta thalassemia(β-thalassemia)syndromes are a heterogeneous group of inherited hemoglobinopathies caused by molecular defects in the beta-globin gene that lead to the impaired synthesis of beta-globin chains of the ...Beta thalassemia(β-thalassemia)syndromes are a heterogeneous group of inherited hemoglobinopathies caused by molecular defects in the beta-globin gene that lead to the impaired synthesis of beta-globin chains of the hemoglobin.The hallmarks of the disease include ineffective erythropoiesis,chronic hemolytic anemia,and iron overload.Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic carriers to severe anemia requiring lifelong blood transfusions with subsequent devastating complications.The management of patients with severeβ-thalassemia represents a global health problem,particularly in low-income countries.Until recently,management strategies were limited to regular transfusions and iron chelation therapy,with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation available only for a subset of patients.Better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms ofβ-thalassemia syndromes and associated clinical phenotypes has paved the way for novel therapeutic options,including pharmacologic enhancers of effective erythropoiesis and gene therapy.展开更多
基金Supported by the Autonomous Research Project of SKLCC(2024BWZ003)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA0390401)the Doctoral Research Start-up Funding of Shanxi Institute of Technology(026012).
文摘KIT-5/Beta composite supports were synthesized using an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal method,and NiW/KIT-5/Beta catalysts were prepared by impregnation.A series of characterization techniques were utilized to evaluate the influence of varying hydrothermal synthesis temperatures on the physicochemical properties of both the KIT-5/Beta supports and the resulting catalysts.The catalytic performances of catalysts were evaluated under reaction conditions of 320℃,4 MPa H_(2)pressure,and a weight hourly space velocity(WHSV)of 4.8 h^(-1)for hydrodenitrogenation(HDN)of quinoline.The results indicated that the specific surface area and pore structure of the materials could be effectively regulated by adjusting the hydrothermal synthesis temperature,which in turn influenced the number of active sites on the catalyst.The NiW/KB-125 catalyst,synthesized at 125℃,presented the highest quinoline HDN efficiency(96.8%),which can be attributed to its favorable pore channel structure,greater Brønsted acid number,higher degree of metal sulfidation(80.12%)and appropriate metal-support interaction(MSI).
文摘In the words of the late Sir Colin Blakemore,neurologists have historically sought to infer brain functions in a manner akin to to king a hammer to a computeranalyzing localized anatomical lesions caused by trauma,tumors,or strokes,noting deficits,and inferring what functions certain brain regions may be responsible for.This approach exemplifies a deletion heuristic,where the absence of a specific function reveals insights about the underlying structures or mechanisms responsible for it.By observing what is lost when a particular brain region is damaged,throughout the history of the field,neurologists have pieced together the intricate relationship between anatomy and function.
基金financial support from the Czech Science Foundation under the project`Deep dive into decentralized finance:Market microstructure,and behavioral and psychological patterns’[Grant No.23-06606S]supported by Charles University Research Centre program No.24/SSH/020+1 种基金the Cooperatio Program at Charles University,research area Economicsfinancial support from the Charles University Specific University Research scheme[Grant No.SVV 260843].
文摘This article analyzes the predictability of market betas concerning cryptocurrency assets and evaluates the efficiency of beta-hedged,market-neutral portfolios.We forecast 1-year-ahead market betas using various estimating methods,including ordinary least squares(OLS)and Vasicek’s Bayesian shrinkage estimator,and assess their impact on portfolio variance reduction across cryptomarket indices.Our findings indicate that while standard OLS betas explain significantly less of the variation in future betas for cryptoassets compared to US stocks,slope winsorization and Bayesian shrinkage improve prediction accuracy.The results suggest that beta-hedged portfolios reduce variance for approximately 17%of the universe,with the Broad Digital Market Index demonstrating the best hedging efficiency.These findings underscore the significant challenges of developing effective hedging strategies in the cryptocurrency market,emphasizing the importance of idiosyncratic risk in crypto returns and the need for appropriate market index representation.
基金supported by NIH(R01AG055413),(R01AG085562),(R21AG059134),(R21AG078749),and(S10OD028609)awards(C.R.).NIH Office of the Director,National Institute on Aging.
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive functions.Given that AD undermines the quality of life for millions and has an extended asymptomatic period,exploring the full AD pathogenesis and seeking the optimal therapeutic solution have become critical and imperative.This allows researchers to intervene,delay,and potentially prevent AD progression.Several clinical imaging methods are utilized routinely to diagnose and monitor AD,such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),positron emission tomography(PET),and single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT).Nevertheless,due to their intrinsic drawbacks and restrictions,such as radiation concerns,high cost,long acquisition time,and low spatial resolution,their applications in AD research are limited,especially at the cellular and molecular levels.In contrast,optical microscopic imaging methods overcome these limitations,offering researchers a variety of approaches with distinct advantages to explore AD pathology on diverse models.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of commonly utilized optical microscopic imaging techniques in AD research and introduce their contributions to image amyloid beta(Aβ)species.These techniques include fluorescence microscopy(FM),confocal microscopy(CM),two-photon fluorescence microscopy(TPFM),super-resolution microscopy(SRM),expansion microscopy(ExM),and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy(LSFM).In addition,we introduce some related topics,such as the development of near-infrared(NIR)Aβprobes,the Aβplaque hypothesis,and Aβoligomer hypothesis,and the roles of microglia and astrocytes in AD progression.We believe optical microscopic imaging methods continue to play an indispensable role in deciphering the full pathogenesis of AD and advancing therapeutic strategies.
文摘Beta thalassemia(β-thalassemia)syndromes are a heterogeneous group of inherited hemoglobinopathies caused by molecular defects in the beta-globin gene that lead to the impaired synthesis of beta-globin chains of the hemoglobin.The hallmarks of the disease include ineffective erythropoiesis,chronic hemolytic anemia,and iron overload.Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic carriers to severe anemia requiring lifelong blood transfusions with subsequent devastating complications.The management of patients with severeβ-thalassemia represents a global health problem,particularly in low-income countries.Until recently,management strategies were limited to regular transfusions and iron chelation therapy,with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation available only for a subset of patients.Better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms ofβ-thalassemia syndromes and associated clinical phenotypes has paved the way for novel therapeutic options,including pharmacologic enhancers of effective erythropoiesis and gene therapy.
