Objective To optimize the ultrasonic extraction process for benzoic acid as a harmful substance in Paeonia lactiflora Pall.(P.lactiflora Pall.).Methods Methanol and ethanol solutions at different concentration gradien...Objective To optimize the ultrasonic extraction process for benzoic acid as a harmful substance in Paeonia lactiflora Pall.(P.lactiflora Pall.).Methods Methanol and ethanol solutions at different concentration gradients(25,50,75%)were prepared to investigate the effects of extraction solvents on the extraction efficiency of benzoic acid.The influences of ultrasonic frequency(35,50 Hz),ultrasonic power(40,60,80,100 W),ultrasonic time(10,20,30,40,50,60 minutes),and ultrasonic temperature(20,30,40,50℃)on the extraction efficiency were examined.Orthogonal experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of temperature,time,and ultrasonic power on the extraction efficiency and to screen the optimal ultrasonic extraction process.Results Various influencing factors had certain effects on the extraction efficiency of benzoic acid from P.lactiflora Pall.Single-factor analysis revealed that 25%methanol,ultrasonic frequency of 50 Hz,ultrasonic power of 40 W,ultrasonic time of 10minutes,and ultrasonic temperature of 30℃yielded the highest extraction efficiency for benzoic acid.The order of influence of different factors on the extraction efficiency was temperature>time>power.The optimal conditions obtained from orthogonal experiments were:extraction solvent of 25%methanol,ultrasonic frequency of 50 Hz,ultrasonic time of 20 minutes,ultrasonic power of 40 W,and ultrasonic temperature of 30℃.Conclusion Under the conditions of 25%methanol as the extraction solvent,ultrasonic frequency of 50 Hz,ultrasonic time of 20 minutes,ultrasonic power of 40 W,and ultrasonic temperature of 30℃,the extraction efficiency of benzoic acid from P.lactiflora Pall.was the highest.This method offers advantages such as simple operation,small sample size requirement,and low solvent consumption,providing a reliable analytical approach for quality control and safety evaluation of P.lactiflora Pall.展开更多
Electrocatalytic toluene(TL)oxidation to produce benzoic acid(BAC)process is largely hindered due to sluggish kinetics associated with the transformation of the rate-determining step,because of weak TL adsorption and ...Electrocatalytic toluene(TL)oxidation to produce benzoic acid(BAC)process is largely hindered due to sluggish kinetics associated with the transformation of the rate-determining step,because of weak TL adsorption and high rate-determining step energy barrier for difficult to dehydrogenate.Herein,we report Mn_(x)Ce_(1-x)O_(2)/CNT catalyst for accelerated reaction kinetics.Theoretical and experimental studies indicate that Ce sites promote TL adsorption and polyvalent Mn modulates the electronic structure of Ce sites reducing the rate-determining step energy barrier.This results in increasing^(*)C_(6)H_(5)CH_(2)coverage and effectively accelerating TL oxidation reaction(TOR)kinetics.Excitingly,the Faraday efficiency(FE)and BAC yield of optimized Mn_(0.6)Ce_(0.4)O_(2)/CNT at 2.6 V vs.RHE could reach 85.9%and 653.9 mg h^(-1)cm^(-2),respectively.In addition,the Mn_(0.6)Ce_(0.4)O_(2)/CNT displays a high selectivity of 96.3%for BAC.Combining the TL oxidation reaction with hydrogen evolution reaction,the anion exchange membrane electrolyzer of Mn_(0.6)Ce_(0.4)O_(2)/CNT(+)||Pt/C(-)can reach 100 mA cm^(-2)at the voltage of 3.0 V,in which the BAC yield is 579.4 mg h^(-1)cm^(-2)and the FE is 83.6%.This work achieved high selectivity of TOR at industrial-relevant current densities of 100 mA cm^(-2)at the low voltage for the first time.展开更多
A new chemiluminescence flow system has been developed for sequential determina-tion of benzoic acid based on the reaction of the compound with copper carbonate entrapped in a solid-phase reactor. It was found that t...A new chemiluminescence flow system has been developed for sequential determina-tion of benzoic acid based on the reaction of the compound with copper carbonate entrapped in a solid-phase reactor. It was found that the unsaturated complex of Cu(II) and benzoic acid (1:1) has strong catalytic effect on the luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence reaction. The calibration graph is linear over the range of 0.025 ~ 60 g/mL of benzoic acid, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.0 %, and the detection limit is 0.01礸穖L-1. The proposed method was applied to the determination of benzoic acid content in different pharmaceutical formulations.展开更多
Three new different dimensional coordination polymers, namely, [Zn（BA-）2（4,4？-bib）-1.5]n（1）, [Zn（4-Br BA-）2（1,4-bmb）]n（2） and [Mn（4-Br BA）2（4,4？-bib）]n（3） have been assembled through the mixed-liga...Three new different dimensional coordination polymers, namely, [Zn（BA-）2（4,4？-bib）-1.5]n（1）, [Zn（4-Br BA-）2（1,4-bmb）]n（2） and [Mn（4-Br BA）2（4,4？-bib）]n（3） have been assembled through the mixed-ligand synthetic strategy（4-HBr BA = 4-bromobenzoic acid, HBA = benzoic acid, 1,4-bmb = 1,4-bis（1 H-imidazol-4-yl）benzene, 4,4？-bib = 4,4？-bis（imidazolyl）biphenyl）. Their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses（EA）, powder X-ray diffraction（PXRD）, and thermogravimetric（TG） analyses. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the crystals of complexes 1~3 are all in triclinic systems, space group P1. Complexes 1 and 2 are 0D binuclear structures, and 3 is a 1 D chain. Moreover, the solid state fluorescence properties of 1 and 2 have been investigated.展开更多
Benzoic acid residue is solid waste produced from the production of benzoic acid by oxidizing toluene.Because it contained important chemical raw materials such as benzoic acid,benzyl benzoate and fluorenone,it is nec...Benzoic acid residue is solid waste produced from the production of benzoic acid by oxidizing toluene.Because it contained important chemical raw materials such as benzoic acid,benzyl benzoate and fluorenone,it is necessary to recover them from the residue.In this work the technique featured with high efficiency evaporation and vacuum distillation was developed to obtain total recovery and utilization of the benzoic acid residue.By controlling the operation temperature at 260℃ and the pressure of 16kPa in the rising and falling film evaporators,heavy components separated efficiently from the residue can be polymerized and the light components consisting of 63% of the residue entered into a benzoic acid vacuum distillation column.Keeping the temperature of polymerization at(280±10)℃,coumarone resin was produced after adjusting the softening point according to the market requirements.Vacuum distillation was operated under the following conditions:top temperature at 186℃,top pressure of 16kPa,bottom temperature at 240-250℃,reflux ratio being 3︰1.Benzoic acid of 98% purity was distilled out from the column as a side stream and the bottom product was crude benzyl benzoate.By the developed technique,the benzoic acid residue was splitted into three products,benzoic acid,crude benzyl benzoate and coumarone resin without any surplus waste.展开更多
A large amount of residue including benzoic acid, benzyl benzoate and fluorenone can form in the production of benzoic acid by oxidizing toluene. To recycle the resources and reduce secondary pollution, the treatment ...A large amount of residue including benzoic acid, benzyl benzoate and fluorenone can form in the production of benzoic acid by oxidizing toluene. To recycle the resources and reduce secondary pollution, the treatment of benzoic acid residue was carried out to obtain the three purified materials by flash-vacuum distillation combination method, and the influence of the operating parameters, such as the top pressure, reflux ratio and top and bottom temperatures was investigated to obtain the best operating conditions. The experimental results show that the benzoic acid purity can reach 97% through distillation under the following conditions： the top pressure is 1 600 Pa, the bottom temperature is 190--200℃, the top temperature is 130--135℃, and reflux ratio is 5：1. The best operating conditions for benzyl benzoate distillation column are： the top pressure is 400 Pa, bottom temperature is 250-- 260 ℃, the top temperature is 150--160 , and reflux ratio is 5：1. The benzyl benzoate purity can reach 95%, and the fiuorenone purity can reach 92 %. When refined by melt crystallization, the benzoic acid purity can be improved up to 99.6%, and the purities of benzyl benzoate and fluorenone are both above 95%.展开更多
A one-pot synthesis of 2-（1-acyloxypcntyl） benzoic acids by trapping the carboxylatc/alkoxide dianion with acylating reagents following Grignard addition with n-BuMgBr to 2-formylbcnzoic acid was described. Compared...A one-pot synthesis of 2-（1-acyloxypcntyl） benzoic acids by trapping the carboxylatc/alkoxide dianion with acylating reagents following Grignard addition with n-BuMgBr to 2-formylbcnzoic acid was described. Compared with routine synthetic method, this novel procedure has the advantage of convenient operation and higher yields.展开更多
A comparison of the adsorption of benzoic acid and p-nitrobenzoic acid on the new hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent AM-1, with that by macroporous Amberlite XAD-4, including the equilibrium adsorption isotherms, th...A comparison of the adsorption of benzoic acid and p-nitrobenzoic acid on the new hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent AM-1, with that by macroporous Amberlite XAD-4, including the equilibrium adsorption isotherms, the dynamic adsorption behaviors through column and the adsorption thermodynamics were studied. Results show that Freundlich equation gives a fitting adsorption isotherm. The specific surface of AM-1 is only 67% of that of Amberlite XAD-4, but the adsorption capacities on AM-1 are much higher about 125%~166% than that on Amberlite XAD-4, which is contributed to the micropore mechanism and polarity. The negative values of the adsorption enthalpy are indicative of an exothermic process. Enthalpy and free energy changes of adsorption both manifest a physic-sorption process. The negative values of the adsorption entropy indicate that the adsorption is well consistent with the restricted mobilities and the configurations of the adsorbed benzoic acid molecules on the surface of studied adsorbents with superficial heterogeneity. Both adsorbents were used in mini-column experiments for adsorbing benzoic acid expecting to elucidate the higher breakthrough adsorption capacity of the new hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent AM-1 as compared with that of Amberlite XAD-4.展开更多
Invasive fungal infections have been gaining notoriety due to several factors, mainly their increasing incidence in immunocompromised patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal activity and ...Invasive fungal infections have been gaining notoriety due to several factors, mainly their increasing incidence in immunocompromised patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal activity and toxicity of the 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4,5-THB) and of its derivative, the 3,4,5-tris(acetyloxy)benzoic acid (3,4,5-TAB). The 3,4,5-THB was purchased and its derivative was obtained by purifying and characterizing performed using semisynthesis reactions (esterification), recrystallization, column chromatography and infrared analytical techniques and nuclear magnetic resonance. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) were determined in order to evaluate the antifungal activity of the compounds against four clinical isolates and four standard strains of Candida sp. and five clinical isolates of dermatophytes, following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols. The toxicity of the compounds was evaluated by determining the lethal dosis (LD50) using lethality assay of Artemia salina. The most sensitive yeasts to the 3,4,5-THB were C. albicans ATCC 10231 and C. krusei ATCC 6258, both presenting a MIC of 128 μg·mL-1. For Trichophyton sp. and Epidermophyton floccosum, the MIC was 32 μg·mL-1. The 3,4,5-TAB showed a lower inhibitory activity against Candida and dermatophyte species tested. The LD50 of 3,4,5-THB was 222.60 μg·mL-1 and the 3,4,5-TAB showed 481.69 μg·mL-1 of LD50. In conclusion, the 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid showed antifungal activity against species of medical importance, mainly dermatophytosis-causing fungi, and the 3,4,5-tris(acetyloxy)benzoic acid showed no increasing antifungal activity and toxicity in relation to the original compound.展开更多
The adsorption behavior of benzoic acid onto a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent NJ-8 wascompared with that onto macroporous Amberlite XAN-4. This paper focuses on the static equilibrium adsorption...The adsorption behavior of benzoic acid onto a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent NJ-8 wascompared with that onto macroporous Amberlite XAN-4. This paper focuses on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors,the adsorption thermodynamics and the column dynamic adsorption profiles. Five isotherm models are used to fit the results.This shows that the Freundlich equation can give a perfect fit. The specific surface area of NJ-8 is about as high as that ofAmberlite XAD-4, but the adsorbing capacity for benzoic acid on NJ-8 is about 14.9%-64.8% higher than that on AmberliteXAD-4, which is attributed to its microporous mechanism and partial polarity. The negative values of the adsorptionenthalpy are indicative of an exothermic process. Both enthalpy and free energy changes of adsorption manifest a physicalsorption process. The negative values of the adsorption entropy indicate that adsorption is well consistent with the restrictedmobilities and the configurations of the adsorbed molecules on the surface of the studied adsorbents with superficialheterogeneity. Both adsorbents were used in mini-column experiments to demonstrate the higher breakthrough adsorbing capacity of the hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent NJ-8 to benzoic acid, as compared with that of Amberlite XAD-4.展开更多
A series of Mn/CeO2-Al2O3 and K/CeO2-Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogenation of benzoic acid to benzaldehyde were prepared to in- vestigate the effect of Mn, K addition on CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and H2...A series of Mn/CeO2-Al2O3 and K/CeO2-Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogenation of benzoic acid to benzaldehyde were prepared to in- vestigate the effect of Mn, K addition on CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and H2-temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) results suggested that the interaction between CeO2 and MnOx enhanced the reducibility of catalysts and therefore benzoic acid conversion. The addition of K increased the number of basic number on the catalyst which leads to a high selectivity to benzaldehyde, but excessive addition imposed negative effects on the catalyst performance. A Mn-K/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was developed and investigated in the reaction. The simultaneous addition of Mn and K enhanced not only the catalytic activity but also the capacity to resist the coke formation over catalyst.展开更多
Background The benefits of combining benzoic acid and essential oils(BAO)to mitigate intestinal impairment during the weaning process have been well established,while the detailed underlying mechanism has not been ful...Background The benefits of combining benzoic acid and essential oils(BAO)to mitigate intestinal impairment during the weaning process have been well established,while the detailed underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.Previous research has primarily focused on the reparative effects of BAO on intestinal injury,while neglecting its potential in enhancing intestinal stress resistance.Methods In this study,we investigated the pre-protective effect of BAO against LPS-induced stress using a modified experimental procedure.Piglets were pre-supplemented with BAO for 14 d,followed by a challenge with LPS or saline to collect blood and intestinal samples.Results Our findings demonstrated that BAO supplementation led to significant improvements in piglets’final weight,average daily gain,and feed intake/body gain ratio.Additionally,BAO supplementation positively influenced the composition of intestinal microbiota,increasing beneficial Actinobacteriota and Alloprevotella while reducing harmful Desulfobacterota,Prevotella and Oscillospira.Furthermore,BAO supplementation effectively mitigated oxidative disturbances and inflammatory responses induced by acute LPS challenge.This was evidenced by elevated levels of T-AOC,SOD,and GSH,as well as decreased levels of MDA,TNF-α,and IL-6 in the plasma.Moreover,piglets subjected to LPS challenge and pre-supplemented with BAO exhibited significant improvements in intestinal morphological structure and enhanced integrity,as indicated by restored expression levels of Occludin and Claudin-1 compared to the non-supplemented counterparts.Further analysis revealed that BAO supplementation enhanced the jejunal antioxidative capacity by increasing GSH-Px levels and decreasing MDA levels under the LPS challenge and stimulated the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.Additionally,the reduction of TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways activation and proinflammatory factor were also observed in the jejunal of those piglets fed with BAO.Conclusions In summary,our study demonstrates that pre-supplementation of BAO enhances the anti-stress capacity of weaned piglets by improving intestinal microbiota composition,reinforcing the intestinal barrier,and enhancing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities.These effects are closely associated with the activation of Nrf2 and TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.展开更多
ABSTRACT Four novel 1D lanthanide coordination polymers with formula [Ln（3,4-pybz）3（HzO）2. H2O]n （Ln = 1 Sm; 2 Eu; 3 Tb; 4 Dy, 3,4-Hpybz = 3-（pyridin-4-yl）benzoic acid） have been synthesized by hydrothermal re...ABSTRACT Four novel 1D lanthanide coordination polymers with formula [Ln（3,4-pybz）3（HzO）2. H2O]n （Ln = 1 Sm; 2 Eu; 3 Tb; 4 Dy, 3,4-Hpybz = 3-（pyridin-4-yl）benzoic acid） have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions of lanthanide oxide and 3-（pyridine-4-yl） benzoic acid. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the four compounds are isostructural. They all crystallize in a monoelinic system, space group P1^-. They have a doubly carboxylate-bridged infinite-chain structure with alternating Ln-（carboxylate）2-Ln linkages and one chelating carboxylate group on each metal center. The Ln ion also combines to two water molecules to form an eight-coordinate square antiprismatic geometry. The pyridine nitrogen atoms of the ligand do not coordinate to the metal centers but direct the formation of a 3D network through hydrogen bonding with coordinated water molecules. The photoluminescent properties of 2 and 3 have been also studied.展开更多
A new ID coordination polymer, [Cda（L1）2（L2）2].H2O （1, H2L1 = 4-（carboxy- methoxy）benzoic acid and L2 = 2-（4-fluorophenyl）-I H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline）, has been hydrothermally synthesized and cha...A new ID coordination polymer, [Cda（L1）2（L2）2].H2O （1, H2L1 = 4-（carboxy- methoxy）benzoic acid and L2 = 2-（4-fluorophenyl）-I H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline）, has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 9.985（5）, b = 10.768（5）, c = 12.512（5） A, a = 68.959（5）, β = 80.354（5）, γ = 79.663（5）°, V= 1227.4（10） A3, Z = 1, C56H36Cd2F2N8O11, Mr = 1259.73, Dc = 1.704 g/cm3, F（000） = 630, μ（MoKa） = 0.949 mm-1, R = 0.0261 and wR = 0.0655. The L1 anions link the neighboring Cd（II） atoms to form a 1D double chain structure. The L2 ligands are alternately located on both sides of the double chains. More interestingly, the lateral L2 ligands from adjacent double chains are paired to furnish strong π-π interactions, yielding a 2D supramolecular layer. N-H...O, O-H...N and O-H...O hydrogen bonds further stabilize the structure of 1. The luminescent property of 1 was studied in solid state at room temperature.展开更多
In this work, we synthesized a new Cd（Ⅱ） coordination polymer, [Cd（L）(cmb)H;O]· H;O（1）, by using mixed 2-（carboxymethoxy）benzoic acid（H2 cmb） and typical chelating N-donor ligands 2-（2-fluoro-6-fluoro...In this work, we synthesized a new Cd（Ⅱ） coordination polymer, [Cd（L）(cmb)H;O]· H;O（1）, by using mixed 2-（carboxymethoxy）benzoic acid（H2 cmb） and typical chelating N-donor ligands 2-（2-fluoro-6-fluorophenyl）-1 H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline ligand（L）. 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 17.6150（8）, b = 9.7811（4）, c = 18.1603（8） ?, β = 118.9150（10）o, V = 2738.9（2） ?;, Z = 4, C28 H20 CdF2 N4 O7, Mr = 674.88, Dc = 1.637 g/cm3, F（000） = 1352, μ（Mo Ka） = 0.865 mm–1, R = 0.0643 and w R = 0.1976. In 1, the cmb2– anions link neighboring Cd（Ⅱ） atoms in a bis-chelating mode, yielding a one-dimensional chain structure along the b axis. The L ligands are attached on one side of the chain through chelating the Cd（Ⅱ） atoms, and are stacked with those of an adjacent chain through π-π interactions to generate a one-dimensional double-chain structure. Furthermore, the one-dimensional double-chains are stacked by C–H???π interactions between the carbon atom of L ligand and the benzene ring of cmb2–ligand to give a layer structure. Moreover, the solid state luminescent property of 1 was also investigated at room temperature.展开更多
A new Cu(Ⅱ) coordination polymer, [Cu(L1)(L2)](1), was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions(H_2L1 = 4-(carboxymethoxy)benzoic acid, L2 = 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1 H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline). Crystallograph...A new Cu(Ⅱ) coordination polymer, [Cu(L1)(L2)](1), was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions(H_2L1 = 4-(carboxymethoxy)benzoic acid, L2 = 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1 H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline). Crystallographic data for 1: triclinic, space group P1 with a = 9.750(5), b = 10.148(5), c = 12.869(5) ?, α = 104.904(5), β = 102.133(5), γ = 95.219(5)°, V = 1188.7(10) ?~3, Z = 2, C_(28)H_(17)FN_4O_5Cu, Mr = 572.01, D_c = 1.598 g/cm^3, F(000) = 582, μ(MoKa) = 0.977 mm^(-1), R = 0.0474 and w R = 0.1144. The TGA behaviors and luminescence of 1 have been studied in detail. The L1 dianions link neighboring Cu(Ⅱ) atoms in a bis-chelating mode, yielding a one-dimensional chain structure along the b axis. The L2 ligands are attached on one side of the chain through chelating the Cu(Ⅱ) atoms, and are stacked with those of an adjacent chain through π-π interactions, yielding a layer structure. Additionally, the N–H???O hydrogen bonds further stabilize the structure of 1.展开更多
A new energetic complex, Ni（3,4＇-Hbpt）2（Hoba）2（H20）2 （3,4＇-Hbpt = 3-（3-pyridyl）- 5-（4＇-pyridyl）-l-H-l,2,4-triazole and H2oba = 4,4＇-oxybis（benzoic acid））, has been synthesized by hydrothermal reactio...A new energetic complex, Ni（3,4＇-Hbpt）2（Hoba）2（H20）2 （3,4＇-Hbpt = 3-（3-pyridyl）- 5-（4＇-pyridyl）-l-H-l,2,4-triazole and H2oba = 4,4＇-oxybis（benzoic acid））, has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses and X-ray powder diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the complex belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2j/c with a = 10.2357（9）, b = 24.594（2）, c = 10.4225（9）/k, β = 114.0110（10）°, V = 2396.7（4） A3, Dc = 1.460 g/cm3,μ = 0.482 mm-1, Mr = 1053.63, F（000） = 1088, Z = 2, the final R = 0.0358 and wR = 0.0973 with I 〉 2σ（I）. Both 3,4＇-Hbpt and H2oba ligands adopt monodentate modes linking one Ni（II） ion to form a 0D motif. Furthermore, the 0D motifs are linked into a 3D supramolecular architecture with hydrogen bonds. In addition, the catalytic performance for thermal decomposition of the efficacy of ammonium perchlorate （AP） is explored by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, which indicates that the complex is a good candidate for a promoter of the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate.展开更多
Background： As a organic acid, benzoic acid has become one of the most important alternatives for antibiotics,and its beneficial effect on performance in animals has been proven for a decade. However, knowledge of th...Background： As a organic acid, benzoic acid has become one of the most important alternatives for antibiotics,and its beneficial effect on performance in animals has been proven for a decade. However, knowledge of the effects of benzoic acid on jejunal digestive physiology, especially the antioxidant capacity and mucosal glucagon-like peptide2（GLP-2） concentrations is lacking.Methods： A total of 20 barrows [Duroc ×（Yorkshire × Landrace）] with an average body weight（BW） of 18.75 ± 0.2 kg were used in a 14-d trial to determine the potential mechanisms of benzoic acid supplementation on the performance,nutrient digestibility and jejunal digestive physiology in young pigs. All pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 diets supplemented with 0 or 5000 mg/kg benzoic acid.Results： Relative to the control, benzoic acid supplementation increased the average daily feed intake（ADFI）, and average daily gain（ADG） in young pigs（P 〈 0.05）, improved the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter（DM）,crude protein（CP）, ether extract（EE）, gross energy（GE） and crude ash（P 〈 0.05）, and enhanced the activities of trypsin,lipase and amylase in the jejunum（P 〈 0.05）. Similarly, relative to the control, supplementing benzoic acid in the diet resulted in a trend to reduce the p H values of the digesta（P = 0.06）, decreased crypt depth and increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio（P 〈 0.05） in the jejunum of pigs. Finally, benzoic acid supplementation increased the mR NA expression and concentration of glucagon-like peptide 2 and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the jejunal mucosa of young pigs（P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions： In conclusion, supplementation with 5000 mg/kg benzoic acid improved the performance of young pigs through promoting nutrient digestion, improving jejunal antioxidant capacity, and maintaining the jejunal morphology in young pigs.展开更多
Three strains BQ,BJ,and BS utilizing benzoic acid as the sole carbon source were achieved from Yichang City,Hubei Province,China,through selective enrichment and domestication.Both BQ and BJ were primarily identified ...Three strains BQ,BJ,and BS utilizing benzoic acid as the sole carbon source were achieved from Yichang City,Hubei Province,China,through selective enrichment and domestication.Both BQ and BJ were primarily identified as Acinetobacter.spp while BS was Geotrichum.spp.After three domestications,the removal rates of BQ,BJ,and BS to chemical oxygen demand（COD） value of benzoic acid were 62.41%,94.44%,and 43.34%,respectively.The strains were mixed cultured,and the degradation rates of strains to benzoic acid at different temperature,pH and benzoic acid concentration were determined.The results show that the optimum degradation conditions about strains were pH 7.0,temperature 30 ℃,and aerobic with 1 500 mg/L of concentration of benzoic acid.In this condition,the COD removal rate of strains to benzoic acid reached 84.93%.展开更多
Several imidazolium ionic liquid（IL）-supported sulfonic acids with different anions,[C_3SO_3Hmim]HSO_4,[C_3SO_3Hmim]BF_4, [C_3SO_3 Hmim]PF_6,and[C_3SO_3Hmim]CF_3SO_3,were synthesized and applied as catalysts for est...Several imidazolium ionic liquid（IL）-supported sulfonic acids with different anions,[C_3SO_3Hmim]HSO_4,[C_3SO_3Hmim]BF_4, [C_3SO_3 Hmim]PF_6,and[C_3SO_3Hmim]CF_3SO_3,were synthesized and applied as catalysts for esterification reaction of benzoic acid. The experimental results indicate that imidazolium IL-supported sulfonic acid containing anion of HSO_4^- shows the best catalytic activity.Only when less[C_3SO_3Hmim]HSO_4（0.3 equiv.） applied,was the product obtained with high yield of 97%.Furthermore, the produced esters could be separated by decantation,and the catalyst could be reused after the removal of water.展开更多
基金supported by the Heilongjiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Project(ZHY18-153).
文摘Objective To optimize the ultrasonic extraction process for benzoic acid as a harmful substance in Paeonia lactiflora Pall.(P.lactiflora Pall.).Methods Methanol and ethanol solutions at different concentration gradients(25,50,75%)were prepared to investigate the effects of extraction solvents on the extraction efficiency of benzoic acid.The influences of ultrasonic frequency(35,50 Hz),ultrasonic power(40,60,80,100 W),ultrasonic time(10,20,30,40,50,60 minutes),and ultrasonic temperature(20,30,40,50℃)on the extraction efficiency were examined.Orthogonal experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of temperature,time,and ultrasonic power on the extraction efficiency and to screen the optimal ultrasonic extraction process.Results Various influencing factors had certain effects on the extraction efficiency of benzoic acid from P.lactiflora Pall.Single-factor analysis revealed that 25%methanol,ultrasonic frequency of 50 Hz,ultrasonic power of 40 W,ultrasonic time of 10minutes,and ultrasonic temperature of 30℃yielded the highest extraction efficiency for benzoic acid.The order of influence of different factors on the extraction efficiency was temperature>time>power.The optimal conditions obtained from orthogonal experiments were:extraction solvent of 25%methanol,ultrasonic frequency of 50 Hz,ultrasonic time of 20 minutes,ultrasonic power of 40 W,and ultrasonic temperature of 30℃.Conclusion Under the conditions of 25%methanol as the extraction solvent,ultrasonic frequency of 50 Hz,ultrasonic time of 20 minutes,ultrasonic power of 40 W,and ultrasonic temperature of 30℃,the extraction efficiency of benzoic acid from P.lactiflora Pall.was the highest.This method offers advantages such as simple operation,small sample size requirement,and low solvent consumption,providing a reliable analytical approach for quality control and safety evaluation of P.lactiflora Pall.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272222)the Taishan Scholar Young Talent Program(tsqn201909114,tsqn201909123)the University Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Province(202201010318)。
文摘Electrocatalytic toluene(TL)oxidation to produce benzoic acid(BAC)process is largely hindered due to sluggish kinetics associated with the transformation of the rate-determining step,because of weak TL adsorption and high rate-determining step energy barrier for difficult to dehydrogenate.Herein,we report Mn_(x)Ce_(1-x)O_(2)/CNT catalyst for accelerated reaction kinetics.Theoretical and experimental studies indicate that Ce sites promote TL adsorption and polyvalent Mn modulates the electronic structure of Ce sites reducing the rate-determining step energy barrier.This results in increasing^(*)C_(6)H_(5)CH_(2)coverage and effectively accelerating TL oxidation reaction(TOR)kinetics.Excitingly,the Faraday efficiency(FE)and BAC yield of optimized Mn_(0.6)Ce_(0.4)O_(2)/CNT at 2.6 V vs.RHE could reach 85.9%and 653.9 mg h^(-1)cm^(-2),respectively.In addition,the Mn_(0.6)Ce_(0.4)O_(2)/CNT displays a high selectivity of 96.3%for BAC.Combining the TL oxidation reaction with hydrogen evolution reaction,the anion exchange membrane electrolyzer of Mn_(0.6)Ce_(0.4)O_(2)/CNT(+)||Pt/C(-)can reach 100 mA cm^(-2)at the voltage of 3.0 V,in which the BAC yield is 579.4 mg h^(-1)cm^(-2)and the FE is 83.6%.This work achieved high selectivity of TOR at industrial-relevant current densities of 100 mA cm^(-2)at the low voltage for the first time.
文摘A new chemiluminescence flow system has been developed for sequential determina-tion of benzoic acid based on the reaction of the compound with copper carbonate entrapped in a solid-phase reactor. It was found that the unsaturated complex of Cu(II) and benzoic acid (1:1) has strong catalytic effect on the luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence reaction. The calibration graph is linear over the range of 0.025 ~ 60 g/mL of benzoic acid, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.0 %, and the detection limit is 0.01礸穖L-1. The proposed method was applied to the determination of benzoic acid content in different pharmaceutical formulations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21451001)the Key Discipline,Innovation Team,and Key Lab.of Qilu Normal University
文摘Three new different dimensional coordination polymers, namely, [Zn（BA-）2（4,4？-bib）-1.5]n（1）, [Zn（4-Br BA-）2（1,4-bmb）]n（2） and [Mn（4-Br BA）2（4,4？-bib）]n（3） have been assembled through the mixed-ligand synthetic strategy（4-HBr BA = 4-bromobenzoic acid, HBA = benzoic acid, 1,4-bmb = 1,4-bis（1 H-imidazol-4-yl）benzene, 4,4？-bib = 4,4？-bis（imidazolyl）biphenyl）. Their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses（EA）, powder X-ray diffraction（PXRD）, and thermogravimetric（TG） analyses. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the crystals of complexes 1~3 are all in triclinic systems, space group P1. Complexes 1 and 2 are 0D binuclear structures, and 3 is a 1 D chain. Moreover, the solid state fluorescence properties of 1 and 2 have been investigated.
文摘Benzoic acid residue is solid waste produced from the production of benzoic acid by oxidizing toluene.Because it contained important chemical raw materials such as benzoic acid,benzyl benzoate and fluorenone,it is necessary to recover them from the residue.In this work the technique featured with high efficiency evaporation and vacuum distillation was developed to obtain total recovery and utilization of the benzoic acid residue.By controlling the operation temperature at 260℃ and the pressure of 16kPa in the rising and falling film evaporators,heavy components separated efficiently from the residue can be polymerized and the light components consisting of 63% of the residue entered into a benzoic acid vacuum distillation column.Keeping the temperature of polymerization at(280±10)℃,coumarone resin was produced after adjusting the softening point according to the market requirements.Vacuum distillation was operated under the following conditions:top temperature at 186℃,top pressure of 16kPa,bottom temperature at 240-250℃,reflux ratio being 3︰1.Benzoic acid of 98% purity was distilled out from the column as a side stream and the bottom product was crude benzyl benzoate.By the developed technique,the benzoic acid residue was splitted into three products,benzoic acid,crude benzyl benzoate and coumarone resin without any surplus waste.
文摘A large amount of residue including benzoic acid, benzyl benzoate and fluorenone can form in the production of benzoic acid by oxidizing toluene. To recycle the resources and reduce secondary pollution, the treatment of benzoic acid residue was carried out to obtain the three purified materials by flash-vacuum distillation combination method, and the influence of the operating parameters, such as the top pressure, reflux ratio and top and bottom temperatures was investigated to obtain the best operating conditions. The experimental results show that the benzoic acid purity can reach 97% through distillation under the following conditions： the top pressure is 1 600 Pa, the bottom temperature is 190--200℃, the top temperature is 130--135℃, and reflux ratio is 5：1. The best operating conditions for benzyl benzoate distillation column are： the top pressure is 400 Pa, bottom temperature is 250-- 260 ℃, the top temperature is 150--160 , and reflux ratio is 5：1. The benzyl benzoate purity can reach 95%, and the fiuorenone purity can reach 92 %. When refined by melt crystallization, the benzoic acid purity can be improved up to 99.6%, and the purities of benzyl benzoate and fluorenone are both above 95%.
文摘A one-pot synthesis of 2-（1-acyloxypcntyl） benzoic acids by trapping the carboxylatc/alkoxide dianion with acylating reagents following Grignard addition with n-BuMgBr to 2-formylbcnzoic acid was described. Compared with routine synthetic method, this novel procedure has the advantage of convenient operation and higher yields.
基金Educational Committee of Jiangsu Province. (01KJD150004)
文摘A comparison of the adsorption of benzoic acid and p-nitrobenzoic acid on the new hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent AM-1, with that by macroporous Amberlite XAD-4, including the equilibrium adsorption isotherms, the dynamic adsorption behaviors through column and the adsorption thermodynamics were studied. Results show that Freundlich equation gives a fitting adsorption isotherm. The specific surface of AM-1 is only 67% of that of Amberlite XAD-4, but the adsorption capacities on AM-1 are much higher about 125%~166% than that on Amberlite XAD-4, which is contributed to the micropore mechanism and polarity. The negative values of the adsorption enthalpy are indicative of an exothermic process. Enthalpy and free energy changes of adsorption both manifest a physic-sorption process. The negative values of the adsorption entropy indicate that the adsorption is well consistent with the restricted mobilities and the configurations of the adsorbed benzoic acid molecules on the surface of studied adsorbents with superficial heterogeneity. Both adsorbents were used in mini-column experiments for adsorbing benzoic acid expecting to elucidate the higher breakthrough adsorption capacity of the new hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent AM-1 as compared with that of Amberlite XAD-4.
文摘Invasive fungal infections have been gaining notoriety due to several factors, mainly their increasing incidence in immunocompromised patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal activity and toxicity of the 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4,5-THB) and of its derivative, the 3,4,5-tris(acetyloxy)benzoic acid (3,4,5-TAB). The 3,4,5-THB was purchased and its derivative was obtained by purifying and characterizing performed using semisynthesis reactions (esterification), recrystallization, column chromatography and infrared analytical techniques and nuclear magnetic resonance. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) were determined in order to evaluate the antifungal activity of the compounds against four clinical isolates and four standard strains of Candida sp. and five clinical isolates of dermatophytes, following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols. The toxicity of the compounds was evaluated by determining the lethal dosis (LD50) using lethality assay of Artemia salina. The most sensitive yeasts to the 3,4,5-THB were C. albicans ATCC 10231 and C. krusei ATCC 6258, both presenting a MIC of 128 μg·mL-1. For Trichophyton sp. and Epidermophyton floccosum, the MIC was 32 μg·mL-1. The 3,4,5-TAB showed a lower inhibitory activity against Candida and dermatophyte species tested. The LD50 of 3,4,5-THB was 222.60 μg·mL-1 and the 3,4,5-TAB showed 481.69 μg·mL-1 of LD50. In conclusion, the 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid showed antifungal activity against species of medical importance, mainly dermatophytosis-causing fungi, and the 3,4,5-tris(acetyloxy)benzoic acid showed no increasing antifungal activity and toxicity in relation to the original compound.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (No. 20274017) and the Science & Technology Council, of Jiangsu Province, China.
文摘The adsorption behavior of benzoic acid onto a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent NJ-8 wascompared with that onto macroporous Amberlite XAN-4. This paper focuses on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors,the adsorption thermodynamics and the column dynamic adsorption profiles. Five isotherm models are used to fit the results.This shows that the Freundlich equation can give a perfect fit. The specific surface area of NJ-8 is about as high as that ofAmberlite XAD-4, but the adsorbing capacity for benzoic acid on NJ-8 is about 14.9%-64.8% higher than that on AmberliteXAD-4, which is attributed to its microporous mechanism and partial polarity. The negative values of the adsorptionenthalpy are indicative of an exothermic process. Both enthalpy and free energy changes of adsorption manifest a physicalsorption process. The negative values of the adsorption entropy indicate that adsorption is well consistent with the restrictedmobilities and the configurations of the adsorbed molecules on the surface of the studied adsorbents with superficialheterogeneity. Both adsorbents were used in mini-column experiments to demonstrate the higher breakthrough adsorbing capacity of the hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent NJ-8 to benzoic acid, as compared with that of Amberlite XAD-4.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province,China (2007C21103)
文摘A series of Mn/CeO2-Al2O3 and K/CeO2-Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogenation of benzoic acid to benzaldehyde were prepared to in- vestigate the effect of Mn, K addition on CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and H2-temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) results suggested that the interaction between CeO2 and MnOx enhanced the reducibility of catalysts and therefore benzoic acid conversion. The addition of K increased the number of basic number on the catalyst which leads to a high selectivity to benzaldehyde, but excessive addition imposed negative effects on the catalyst performance. A Mn-K/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was developed and investigated in the reaction. The simultaneous addition of Mn and K enhanced not only the catalytic activity but also the capacity to resist the coke formation over catalyst.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFD1300400)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515010944)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(202201011730).
文摘Background The benefits of combining benzoic acid and essential oils(BAO)to mitigate intestinal impairment during the weaning process have been well established,while the detailed underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.Previous research has primarily focused on the reparative effects of BAO on intestinal injury,while neglecting its potential in enhancing intestinal stress resistance.Methods In this study,we investigated the pre-protective effect of BAO against LPS-induced stress using a modified experimental procedure.Piglets were pre-supplemented with BAO for 14 d,followed by a challenge with LPS or saline to collect blood and intestinal samples.Results Our findings demonstrated that BAO supplementation led to significant improvements in piglets’final weight,average daily gain,and feed intake/body gain ratio.Additionally,BAO supplementation positively influenced the composition of intestinal microbiota,increasing beneficial Actinobacteriota and Alloprevotella while reducing harmful Desulfobacterota,Prevotella and Oscillospira.Furthermore,BAO supplementation effectively mitigated oxidative disturbances and inflammatory responses induced by acute LPS challenge.This was evidenced by elevated levels of T-AOC,SOD,and GSH,as well as decreased levels of MDA,TNF-α,and IL-6 in the plasma.Moreover,piglets subjected to LPS challenge and pre-supplemented with BAO exhibited significant improvements in intestinal morphological structure and enhanced integrity,as indicated by restored expression levels of Occludin and Claudin-1 compared to the non-supplemented counterparts.Further analysis revealed that BAO supplementation enhanced the jejunal antioxidative capacity by increasing GSH-Px levels and decreasing MDA levels under the LPS challenge and stimulated the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.Additionally,the reduction of TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways activation and proinflammatory factor were also observed in the jejunal of those piglets fed with BAO.Conclusions In summary,our study demonstrates that pre-supplementation of BAO enhances the anti-stress capacity of weaned piglets by improving intestinal microbiota composition,reinforcing the intestinal barrier,and enhancing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities.These effects are closely associated with the activation of Nrf2 and TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.
基金Supported by NSFC 20973174 and MOST project (2006DFA43020 and 2007CB815307)
文摘ABSTRACT Four novel 1D lanthanide coordination polymers with formula [Ln（3,4-pybz）3（HzO）2. H2O]n （Ln = 1 Sm; 2 Eu; 3 Tb; 4 Dy, 3,4-Hpybz = 3-（pyridin-4-yl）benzoic acid） have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions of lanthanide oxide and 3-（pyridine-4-yl） benzoic acid. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the four compounds are isostructural. They all crystallize in a monoelinic system, space group P1^-. They have a doubly carboxylate-bridged infinite-chain structure with alternating Ln-（carboxylate）2-Ln linkages and one chelating carboxylate group on each metal center. The Ln ion also combines to two water molecules to form an eight-coordinate square antiprismatic geometry. The pyridine nitrogen atoms of the ligand do not coordinate to the metal centers but direct the formation of a 3D network through hydrogen bonding with coordinated water molecules. The photoluminescent properties of 2 and 3 have been also studied.
基金Supported by Jilin Province Science and Technology Development projects (No. 201105085)
文摘A new ID coordination polymer, [Cda（L1）2（L2）2].H2O （1, H2L1 = 4-（carboxy- methoxy）benzoic acid and L2 = 2-（4-fluorophenyl）-I H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline）, has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 9.985（5）, b = 10.768（5）, c = 12.512（5） A, a = 68.959（5）, β = 80.354（5）, γ = 79.663（5）°, V= 1227.4（10） A3, Z = 1, C56H36Cd2F2N8O11, Mr = 1259.73, Dc = 1.704 g/cm3, F（000） = 630, μ（MoKa） = 0.949 mm-1, R = 0.0261 and wR = 0.0655. The L1 anions link the neighboring Cd（II） atoms to form a 1D double chain structure. The L2 ligands are alternately located on both sides of the double chains. More interestingly, the lateral L2 ligands from adjacent double chains are paired to furnish strong π-π interactions, yielding a 2D supramolecular layer. N-H...O, O-H...N and O-H...O hydrogen bonds further stabilize the structure of 1. The luminescent property of 1 was studied in solid state at room temperature.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21607051)Institute Foundation of Siping City(No.2017057)the Science and Technology Research Projects of the Education Committee of Jilin Province(No.JJKH20180779KJ)
文摘In this work, we synthesized a new Cd（Ⅱ） coordination polymer, [Cd（L）(cmb)H;O]· H;O（1）, by using mixed 2-（carboxymethoxy）benzoic acid（H2 cmb） and typical chelating N-donor ligands 2-（2-fluoro-6-fluorophenyl）-1 H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline ligand（L）. 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 17.6150（8）, b = 9.7811（4）, c = 18.1603（8） ?, β = 118.9150（10）o, V = 2738.9（2） ?;, Z = 4, C28 H20 CdF2 N4 O7, Mr = 674.88, Dc = 1.637 g/cm3, F（000） = 1352, μ（Mo Ka） = 0.865 mm–1, R = 0.0643 and w R = 0.1976. In 1, the cmb2– anions link neighboring Cd（Ⅱ） atoms in a bis-chelating mode, yielding a one-dimensional chain structure along the b axis. The L ligands are attached on one side of the chain through chelating the Cd（Ⅱ） atoms, and are stacked with those of an adjacent chain through π-π interactions to generate a one-dimensional double-chain structure. Furthermore, the one-dimensional double-chains are stacked by C–H???π interactions between the carbon atom of L ligand and the benzene ring of cmb2–ligand to give a layer structure. Moreover, the solid state luminescent property of 1 was also investigated at room temperature.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21607051)Institute Foundation of Siping City(No.2017057)the Science and Technology Research Projects of the Education Committee of Jilin Province(No.JJKH20180779KJ)
文摘A new Cu(Ⅱ) coordination polymer, [Cu(L1)(L2)](1), was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions(H_2L1 = 4-(carboxymethoxy)benzoic acid, L2 = 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1 H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline). Crystallographic data for 1: triclinic, space group P1 with a = 9.750(5), b = 10.148(5), c = 12.869(5) ?, α = 104.904(5), β = 102.133(5), γ = 95.219(5)°, V = 1188.7(10) ?~3, Z = 2, C_(28)H_(17)FN_4O_5Cu, Mr = 572.01, D_c = 1.598 g/cm^3, F(000) = 582, μ(MoKa) = 0.977 mm^(-1), R = 0.0474 and w R = 0.1144. The TGA behaviors and luminescence of 1 have been studied in detail. The L1 dianions link neighboring Cu(Ⅱ) atoms in a bis-chelating mode, yielding a one-dimensional chain structure along the b axis. The L2 ligands are attached on one side of the chain through chelating the Cu(Ⅱ) atoms, and are stacked with those of an adjacent chain through π-π interactions, yielding a layer structure. Additionally, the N–H???O hydrogen bonds further stabilize the structure of 1.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21263019)
文摘A new energetic complex, Ni（3,4＇-Hbpt）2（Hoba）2（H20）2 （3,4＇-Hbpt = 3-（3-pyridyl）- 5-（4＇-pyridyl）-l-H-l,2,4-triazole and H2oba = 4,4＇-oxybis（benzoic acid））, has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses and X-ray powder diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the complex belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2j/c with a = 10.2357（9）, b = 24.594（2）, c = 10.4225（9）/k, β = 114.0110（10）°, V = 2396.7（4） A3, Dc = 1.460 g/cm3,μ = 0.482 mm-1, Mr = 1053.63, F（000） = 1088, Z = 2, the final R = 0.0358 and wR = 0.0973 with I 〉 2σ（I）. Both 3,4＇-Hbpt and H2oba ligands adopt monodentate modes linking one Ni（II） ion to form a 0D motif. Furthermore, the 0D motifs are linked into a 3D supramolecular architecture with hydrogen bonds. In addition, the catalytic performance for thermal decomposition of the efficacy of ammonium perchlorate （AP） is explored by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, which indicates that the complex is a good candidate for a promoter of the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate.
基金financially supported by a China Pig Modern Industrial Technology System Grant (CARS-36)
文摘Background： As a organic acid, benzoic acid has become one of the most important alternatives for antibiotics,and its beneficial effect on performance in animals has been proven for a decade. However, knowledge of the effects of benzoic acid on jejunal digestive physiology, especially the antioxidant capacity and mucosal glucagon-like peptide2（GLP-2） concentrations is lacking.Methods： A total of 20 barrows [Duroc ×（Yorkshire × Landrace）] with an average body weight（BW） of 18.75 ± 0.2 kg were used in a 14-d trial to determine the potential mechanisms of benzoic acid supplementation on the performance,nutrient digestibility and jejunal digestive physiology in young pigs. All pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 diets supplemented with 0 or 5000 mg/kg benzoic acid.Results： Relative to the control, benzoic acid supplementation increased the average daily feed intake（ADFI）, and average daily gain（ADG） in young pigs（P 〈 0.05）, improved the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter（DM）,crude protein（CP）, ether extract（EE）, gross energy（GE） and crude ash（P 〈 0.05）, and enhanced the activities of trypsin,lipase and amylase in the jejunum（P 〈 0.05）. Similarly, relative to the control, supplementing benzoic acid in the diet resulted in a trend to reduce the p H values of the digesta（P = 0.06）, decreased crypt depth and increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio（P 〈 0.05） in the jejunum of pigs. Finally, benzoic acid supplementation increased the mR NA expression and concentration of glucagon-like peptide 2 and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the jejunal mucosa of young pigs（P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions： In conclusion, supplementation with 5000 mg/kg benzoic acid improved the performance of young pigs through promoting nutrient digestion, improving jejunal antioxidant capacity, and maintaining the jejunal morphology in young pigs.
基金Supported by the Outstanding Young and Middle-Aged Team Research Projects Foundation of Hubei (T200703)Water Environment Focus of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory Foundation of Tongji University and Yangtze River University (YRWEF06001)
文摘Three strains BQ,BJ,and BS utilizing benzoic acid as the sole carbon source were achieved from Yichang City,Hubei Province,China,through selective enrichment and domestication.Both BQ and BJ were primarily identified as Acinetobacter.spp while BS was Geotrichum.spp.After three domestications,the removal rates of BQ,BJ,and BS to chemical oxygen demand（COD） value of benzoic acid were 62.41%,94.44%,and 43.34%,respectively.The strains were mixed cultured,and the degradation rates of strains to benzoic acid at different temperature,pH and benzoic acid concentration were determined.The results show that the optimum degradation conditions about strains were pH 7.0,temperature 30 ℃,and aerobic with 1 500 mg/L of concentration of benzoic acid.In this condition,the COD removal rate of strains to benzoic acid reached 84.93%.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20676033)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.20070410169)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(No.B507) for financial support
文摘Several imidazolium ionic liquid（IL）-supported sulfonic acids with different anions,[C_3SO_3Hmim]HSO_4,[C_3SO_3Hmim]BF_4, [C_3SO_3 Hmim]PF_6,and[C_3SO_3Hmim]CF_3SO_3,were synthesized and applied as catalysts for esterification reaction of benzoic acid. The experimental results indicate that imidazolium IL-supported sulfonic acid containing anion of HSO_4^- shows the best catalytic activity.Only when less[C_3SO_3Hmim]HSO_4（0.3 equiv.） applied,was the product obtained with high yield of 97%.Furthermore, the produced esters could be separated by decantation,and the catalyst could be reused after the removal of water.
