Spodoptera litura is the most threatening pest in lotus production,seriously affecting the lotus yield and quality.Emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole,the main insecticides for controlling S.litura on vegetable...Spodoptera litura is the most threatening pest in lotus production,seriously affecting the lotus yield and quality.Emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole,the main insecticides for controlling S.litura on vegetables,are widely used by farmers to control S.litura on lotus plants.To determine the application concentrations,control effects,and safety of the two insecticides in lotus fields,indoor experiments were conducted to determine the control effects of 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole(SC)and 5%emamectin benzoate(WDG),and the residues of the two insecticides in the water,lotus leaves,and lotus seeds after field application were determined by HPLC-MS/MS.The indoor experiment results showed that chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate both had good control effects on S.litura,with the median lethal concentrations(LC50)of 17.700 and 1.694 mg/L,respectively.After unmanned aerial vehicle spraying of emamectin benzoate at 20 g/667m^(2),there was no residue of emamectin benzoate in the water or lotus leaves after 5 d.After spraying of chlorantraniliprole at 20 mL/667m^(2),the residual amounts in the water and lotus leaves after 9 d were 0.005 and 0.007 mg/L,respectively.No residue of the two insecticides was detected in lotus seeds(dry and fresh)2 h after spraying.Therefore,it was recommended that chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate can be used to control S.litura in lotus fields during the growth period,while attention should be paid to the application interval for safety.Considering the safe harvesting of lotus seeds and leaves,it was recommended that the preharvest intervals of chlorantraniliprole and 5%emamectin benzoate should be 9 d.展开更多
In this study,we investigated the preventive effects of emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL,which was newly developed to reduce the injection volume and number of injection holes required to protect against pine wood nematode.N...In this study,we investigated the preventive effects of emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL,which was newly developed to reduce the injection volume and number of injection holes required to protect against pine wood nematode.None of the Pinus thunbergii trees injected with emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL at 0.3 mL/cm diameter at breast height(DBH)died within 2 years of inoculation with pine wood nematodes.Emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL injected at 0.6 mL/cm DBH resulted in no tree mortality for 3 years.Mean residue of emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL in pine twigs injected with 0.3 mL/cm DBH was 0.490μg/g at 1 year after injection and 0.303μg/g after 2 years.These residues values are greater than 0.031μg/g,previously determined IC95 value for emamectin benzoate against the pine wood nematode.Our field experiment and residue analysis showed that emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL could be a substitute agent for emamectin benzoate 2.15%EC,which is widely used to prevent pine wood nematode in the field and that injection volume and number of injection holes can be greatly educed using this new formulation,which will reduce injury to the cambium,interruption of water movement,and infection of inoculation wounds by wood-decay or blue stain fungi.展开更多
The present study utilized a nitroglycerin-induced rat model of migraine to detect the effects of rizatriptan benzoate on proenkephalin and substance P gene expression in the midbrain using real-time quantitative poly...The present study utilized a nitroglycerin-induced rat model of migraine to detect the effects of rizatriptan benzoate on proenkephalin and substance P gene expression in the midbrain using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and investigate whether rizatriptan benzoate can regulate the endogenous pain modulatory system. The results showed that rizatriptan benzoate significantly reduced expression of the mRNAs for proenkephalin and substance P. Rizatriptan benzoate may inhibit the analgesic effect of the endogenous pain modulatory system.展开更多
Alkaline earth benzoates were synthesized using hydrothermal reaction. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, X ray powder diffraction. All of them are monoclinic and have layered structure. The ...Alkaline earth benzoates were synthesized using hydrothermal reaction. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, X ray powder diffraction. All of them are monoclinic and have layered structure. The mechanism of thermal decomposition of alkaline earth benzoates was studied by using TG, DTA, IR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The thermal decomposition of alkaline earth benzoates in nitrogen proceeded in one or two stages: they decomposed to form MCO 3 (M=Ca,Sr,Ba) or MgO and organic compounds, respectively. The organic compounds obtained from decomposition reaction are mainly benzophenone, triphenylmethane and so on.展开更多
In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous sodium benzoate on wheat seedlings(Yangmai 16) grown under heavy metal stress. The results showed that 2.4 mmol kg-1 of heavy metals significantly inhibited growt...In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous sodium benzoate on wheat seedlings(Yangmai 16) grown under heavy metal stress. The results showed that 2.4 mmol kg-1 of heavy metals significantly inhibited growth and delayed emergence of wheat seedlings. Under compound heavy metal stress, application of 2-4 g L^-1 sodium benzoate significantly increased(P<0.01) chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of wheat, compared to the control(water treatment). Further analysis showed that application of 2-4 g L^-1 sodium benzoate alleviated osmotic stress by promoting the accumulation of osmolytes such as soluble proteins and free proline, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and reduced malondialdehyde content(MDA). In contrast, higher concentrations of sodium benzoate solution(>6 g L^-1) inhibited the growth of wheat seedlings and even caused damage to seedlings. Correlation analysis showed that when the sodium benzoate concentration was in the range of 1.97-3.12 g L^-1(2016) and 1.58-3.27 g L^-1(2017), values of chlorophyll and its components, root activity, SOD activity, soluble protein, and free proline content were the highest. When the sodium benzoate concentration was raised to 2.59 g L^-1(2016) or 3.02 g L^-1(2017), MDA content was the lowest. Ultimately, exogenous sodium benzoate(2-4 g L^-1) facilitates root development and improves the root activity of wheat seedlings grown under compound heavy metals stress, thereby effectively alleviating the damage of compound heavy metal stress in wheat seedlings.展开更多
Alogliptin(AGLT),active ingredient of Alogliptin Benzoate(AGLT-BZ),is a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4)inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.This study aimed to build a suitable method to determine the pote...Alogliptin(AGLT),active ingredient of Alogliptin Benzoate(AGLT-BZ),is a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4)inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.This study aimed to build a suitable method to determine the potential related substances in AGLT-BZ bulk drug and tablets.Seven related substances in Alogliptin Benzoate substances were synthetized and identified by ^(1)H-NMR and ESI-MS.In addition,the impurities were detected by a gradient reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)with UV detection.The chromatographic system consisted of an Angilent Zobax SB-CN column(250×4.6 mm;5 μm).The mobile phase consisted of water/acetonitrile/trifluoroacetic acid 1900:100:1 v/v/v(solution A)and acetonitrile/water/trifluoroacetic acid 1900:100:1 v/v/v(solution B)using a gradient program at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with 278 nm detection and an injection volume of 20 ml.Additionally,selectivity,the limit of quantitation(LOQ)and limit of detection(LOD),linearity,accuracy,precision and robustness were determined.Linearity was good over the concentration range 50-1000 ng/ml and the coefficient of determination(R^(2))were 0.9991-0.9998.RSD% of the determination of precision were <2%(n=6).The method of RP-HPLC for the determination of impurities in AGLT-BZ was proved to be precise,accurate,robust and reliable.Three batches of self-made bulk drug and three dosages of commercial tablets were detected with this method.展开更多
This paper presents experimental observations on the adsorption of individual solutes by a simple thermodynamic framework, and the equilibrium adsorption of ethyl benzoate and diethyl phthalate on phenolic resin adsor...This paper presents experimental observations on the adsorption of individual solutes by a simple thermodynamic framework, and the equilibrium adsorption of ethyl benzoate and diethyl phthalate on phenolic resin adsorbent in hexane solutions within the temperature range of 293-313 K. The experimental results show that the Freundlich adsorption law is applicable to the adsorption of ethyl benzoate and diethyl phthalate on the adsorbent, since all the correlative factors R' are larger than 0.99. The negative values of all the isosteric adsorption enthalpies for ethyl benzoate and diethyl phthalate indicate that they undergo exothermic processes, while their magnitudes (19-28 kJ/mol) manifest a hydrogen bonding sorption process. Other thermodynamic properties: the free energy changes and the entropy change associated with the adsorption have been calculated from the Gibbs adsorption equation and the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation展开更多
The title compound, [Cu2（C7H5O2）4（C2H6O）2], was synthesized by the reaction of benzoic acid, copper acetate and ethanol in an aqueous solution. Trypan blue dye exclusion method was used in experiment. X-ray single...The title compound, [Cu2（C7H5O2）4（C2H6O）2], was synthesized by the reaction of benzoic acid, copper acetate and ethanol in an aqueous solution. Trypan blue dye exclusion method was used in experiment. X-ray single-crystal analysis has revealed that compound 1 （C32H32Cu2O10） crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c, Mr = 703.66, a = 47.340（5）, b = 6.6613（4）, c = 22.028（2）A,β = 113.284（4）°, V = 6380.6（10） A^3, Z = 8, Dc= 1.465 g/cm^3, F（000） = 2896,μ = 1.388 mm^-11, the final R = 0.0515 and wR = 0.1172 for 5712 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. X-ray crystal structure analysis suggests that compound [CH2（C7H5O2）4（C2H6O）2] has a binuclear structure with two Cu（II） atoms coordinated by four benzoate groups and two ethanol molecules. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular O-H...O hydrogen bonds. The compound inhibits the proliferation of K562 cells （chronic myeloid leukemic cells） significantly and dose-dependently in 48 h, and IC50 of K562 is 17.3μg/mL by trypan blue dye exclusion method.展开更多
High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was employed to determine drug release rates based on emamectin benzoate concentrations in the medium. Release kinetics equations were used to fit the drug release behav...High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was employed to determine drug release rates based on emamectin benzoate concentrations in the medium. Release kinetics equations were used to fit the drug release behavior. The effects of particle size and release medium pH on the release rate were also investigated. The indoor toxicity of emamectin benzoate-loaded polylactic acid microspheres on the diamondback moth larva （Plutella xylostella） was studied to explore drug sustained-release performance. In acidic and neutral media, the drug release behavior of the microspheres was in accord with the first-order kinetics equation. Increasing the spray dosage of emamectin benzoate-loaded polylactic acid microspheres initially resulted in an equivalent insecticidal efficacy with the conventional emamectin benzoate microemulsion. However, the drug persistence period was four-fold longer than that observed using the conventional formulation. The developed emamectin benzoate-loaded polylactic acid microspheres showed dramatic sustained-release performance. A treatment threshold of greater than 35 mg mL-1 was established for an efficient accumulated release concentration of emamectin benzoate-loaded microspheres.展开更多
Two new 2-（quinonylcarboxamino）benzoates, named aconicarmiquinamides A （1） and B （2）, were isolated from an aqueous extract of the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii. Their structures were determined by spec...Two new 2-（quinonylcarboxamino）benzoates, named aconicarmiquinamides A （1） and B （2）, were isolated from an aqueous extract of the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis, and confirmed by comparison with synthetic methyl 3.6- bis（ diethylamino ）benzoqunonylcarboxylate （3）.展开更多
Eight phenyl benzoate compounds were synthesized in one step, and then their antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-pancreatic lipase activities were evaluated in the present study. The total yields ranged from 31% to...Eight phenyl benzoate compounds were synthesized in one step, and then their antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-pancreatic lipase activities were evaluated in the present study. The total yields ranged from 31% to 85%. Compound 4 c exhibited a stronger antioxidant activity compared with Trolox, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations(IC50) of approximately 13.06 μM, and the antioxidant mechanism was further studied using computational chemistry. Compounds 1 c–5 c exhibited minimal anti-tyrosinase activity. Compounds 4 c, 5 d, 6 c and 6 d exhibited weak anti-pancreatic lipase activity, with an inhibition rate of 33.52%, 15.76%, 18.37% and 20.77%, respectively. These results demonstrated that all compounds had reference significance, especially compound 4 c.展开更多
Fifteen novel 2-（3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazol-2（3H）-yl）ethyl benzoates were synthesi- zed by the condensation of 2-（2-hydroxyethyl）benzo[d]isothiazol-3（2H）-one with substituted benzoic acids in dichloromethane. All...Fifteen novel 2-（3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazol-2（3H）-yl）ethyl benzoates were synthesi- zed by the condensation of 2-（2-hydroxyethyl）benzo[d]isothiazol-3（2H）-one with substituted benzoic acids in dichloromethane. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ESI-MS and 1H NMR. The crystal structures for 2-（2-hydroxyethyl）benzo[d]isothiazol-3（2H）-one （2） and 2-（3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazol-2（3H）-yl）ethyl 2-methoxybenzoate （30） have been determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Compound 2 （C9H9NO2S） crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group Pn with a = 10.552（3）, b = 7.849（2）, c = 10.765（4） A, β = 103.128（4）°, V= 868.3（5） A3, Mr = 195.24, Dc = 1.493 Mg.m-3, μ = 0.33 mm-1, F（000） = 408, Z = 4, R= 0.0314 and wR= 0.0628. Compound 30 （C17H15NO4S） crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 8.028（2）, b = 9.300（2）, c = 10.430（3）A, V= 752.1（3）A3, Mr = 329.36, D,= 1.454 Mg.m-3, p = 0.24 mm-1, F（000） = 344, Z = 2, R = 0.0377 and wR = 0.0904. The preliminary biological test indicated that the title compounds show better growth inhibitory activity against the gram-positive bacteria than the gram-negative bacteria.展开更多
Based on determination for surface tension of organosilicone solution and its expansion on the solid surface, the biological activity of 5% emameetin ben- zoate WDG with organosilicone against beet armyworm was determ...Based on determination for surface tension of organosilicone solution and its expansion on the solid surface, the biological activity of 5% emameetin ben- zoate WDG with organosilicone against beet armyworm was determined by spraying method to study their synergistic activity. The results showed that organosilicone significandy reduced surface tension of aqueous solution, and the surface tension was reduced to 26raN/m as the concentration of organosilicone was 0.01%. The organosilicone significantly raised expansion of liquid drops on solid surface, and the expansion diameter of 10 μL 0.01% organosilicone was 34 ram. The indoor toxicity results indicated that when addition dosage of organosilieone was 1% -5%, synergistic activity of 5% emamectin benzoate WDG with organosilicone against beet armyworm was significant, and increase extent of synergistic activity slowed down as organosilieone dosage was higher than 5%. Field experiment showed that the control efficacies of 5% emamectin benzoate WDG ＋5% organosilicone 33 mg/ L against beet armyworm were 81.57% and 82.66% after spraying for 3 and 7 d respectively, which were significandy better than treatments of 5% emamectin benzoate WDG 33 rag/L, 24% metaflumizone SC 96 mg/L, 5% chlorantranilip- role SC 33 mg/L, 20% tlubendiamide WDG 40 mg/L and 15% indoxacarb EC 43 mg/L.展开更多
For the quantitative determination of Fulvestrant, Benzyl alcohol, and Benzyl benzoate in Fulvestrant injection, an original RP-HPLC approach was developed. The gradient method was developed using HPLC and a Phenomene...For the quantitative determination of Fulvestrant, Benzyl alcohol, and Benzyl benzoate in Fulvestrant injection, an original RP-HPLC approach was developed. The gradient method was developed using HPLC and a Phenomenex Luna C8, 150 × 4.6 mm, i.d 3.0 μm particle size column with a gradient programme of mobile phases A and B. With a flow rate of 1.5 mL/minute, injection volume of 10 μL, and column temperature of 35°C, UV wavelength detection at 254 nm for Benzyl alcohol and Benzoyl Benzoate and 280 nm for Fulvestrant, mobile phase-A consists of DI water and mobile phase-B consists of Acetonitrile. The current study describes a single HPLC method for developing a Fulvestrant (Active), Benzyl alcohol (Cosolvent), and Benzyl Benzoate (Cosolvent) assay for Fulvestrant injection. The assay method was determined to be suitable for quantifying three components in the pharmaceutical product and was verified according to ICH guidelines.展开更多
Rizatriptan benzoate is a 5HT 1B/1Dreceptor agonist which is prescribed for the treatment of migraine.In the present study new,simple,specific ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for rizatriptan benzoate was develop...Rizatriptan benzoate is a 5HT 1B/1Dreceptor agonist which is prescribed for the treatment of migraine.In the present study new,simple,specific ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for rizatriptan benzoate was developed and validated.Forced degradation studies were carried out in acidic,alkaline and neutral pH conditions.The absorbance maxima peak was found to be 224 nm and linearity was observed in the concentration range of 0.5~2.5μg·mL-1 with regression coefficient value of 0.998 8.The method was validated and found to be precise.The percent recovery for rizatriptan benzoate was found to be 98.576±0.202.The bulk drug was found to be stable in neutral and acidic pH conditions but got degraded in 1N NaOH solution.展开更多
In the present study, we evaluated the antitumor, anti-tyrosinase, anti-pancreatic lipase, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-α-glycosidase activities for all or a subset of 20 known compounds. They included 8 pheny...In the present study, we evaluated the antitumor, anti-tyrosinase, anti-pancreatic lipase, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-α-glycosidase activities for all or a subset of 20 known compounds. They included 8 phenyl benzoates, 10 benzophenones, and 2 xanthones. Phenyl benzoate compounds 1–8 did not exhibit evident antitumor activity, which was consistent with existing theories. Compounds 16, 17, and 18 exhibited moderate anti-tyrosinase activity. In addition, compounds 11 and 18 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against Candida albicans, and compound 20 exhibited stronger anti-α-glycosidase activity than quercetin, with an IC_(50)of approximately 2.45 μM. These results demonstrated that compounds 11, 16–18, and 20 were promising leads for further structural modification.展开更多
The rare earth metal benzoates were synthesized using hydrothermal reaction.The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis,IR and X-ray powder diffraction.They can be represented by general formula RE(C6H5COO)...The rare earth metal benzoates were synthesized using hydrothermal reaction.The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis,IR and X-ray powder diffraction.They can be represented by general formula RE(C6H5COO)(3)(RE=La,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy and Er).All of them are monoclinic and have layered structure.The mechanism of thermal decomposition of rare earth metal benzoates was studied by using TG,DTA,IR,and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The thermal decomposition of the rare earth benzoates in nitrogen proceeded in two stages;firstly it decomposed to form RE_(2)O(CO_(3))(2)and organic compounds,then RE_(2)O(CO_(3))(2)decomposed further to form rare earth metal oxides and carbon dioxide.The organic compounds obtained from the first step of the reaction are mainly benzophenone,9,10-anthraquinone,1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran and so on.展开更多
Dual fluorescence and UV absorption of 2′-ethylhexyl 4-（N,N-dimethylamino）benzoate （EHDMAB） were investigated in cationic, non-ionic and anionic micelles. When EHDMAB was solubilized in different micelles, the UV...Dual fluorescence and UV absorption of 2′-ethylhexyl 4-（N,N-dimethylamino）benzoate （EHDMAB） were investigated in cationic, non-ionic and anionic micelles. When EHDMAB was solubilized in different micelles, the UV absorption of EHDMAB was enhanced. Twisted intramolecular charge transfer （TICT） emission with longer wavelength was observed in ionic micelles, whereas TICT emission with shorter wavelength was obtained in non-ionic micelles. In particular, dual fluorescence of EHDMAB was significantly quenched by the positively charged pyridinium ions arranged in the Stern layer of cationic micelles. UV radiation absorbed mainly decays via TICT emission and radiationless deactivation. The dimethylamino group of EHDMAB experiences different polar environments in ionic and non-ionic micelles according to the polarity dependence of TICT emission of EHDMAB in organic solvents. In terms of the molecular structures and sizes of EHDMAB and surfactants, each individual EHDMAB molecule should be buried in micelles with its dimethylamino group toward the polar head groups of different micelles and with its 2′-ethylhexyl chain toward the hydrophobic micellar core. Dynamic fluorescence quenching measurements of EHDMAB provide further support for the location of EHDMAB in different micelles.展开更多
A tetranuclear zinc benzoate Zn_(4)O(C6H5CO_(2))6 was synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal determination.It crystallizes in cubic,space groupIa-3d.Its crystal cell is very large,a=4.10063(18)nm,V=68.9...A tetranuclear zinc benzoate Zn_(4)O(C6H5CO_(2))6 was synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal determination.It crystallizes in cubic,space groupIa-3d.Its crystal cell is very large,a=4.10063(18)nm,V=68.953(5)nm3 and Z=48.The structure is composed of discrete Zn_(4)O(C6H5CO_(2))6 molecules.In each molecule,four zinc atoms are held together by a central oxygen atom,which results in the formation of a regular tetrahedron.All benzoate ligands coordinate to zinc atoms in a bidentate bridging mode.Each zinc atom is in a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry,coordinated by three benzoate oxygen atoms and the central oxygen atom.The intermolecular interactions result in the formation of a three-dimensional supramolecular framework,with non-intersecting parallel channels.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol benzoate (EB) on the recovery of spermatogenesis, histology, sexual hormones levels and testicular gene expression in testes of tam...Objective:To evaluate the effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol benzoate (EB) on the recovery of spermatogenesis, histology, sexual hormones levels and testicular gene expression in testes of tamoxifen-injured rats.Methods:Forty adult rats were divided into eight groups in a factorial arrangement of tamoxifen and hormonal treatments. Half of the groups orally received 0.6 mg/kg tamoxifen, and 30 d later tamoxifen and no-tamoxifen groups (controls) were paired and assigned into four hormonal treatments with daily intramuscular injections for 10 consecutive days: 1 mL saline (control);7.5 IU FSH;12 μg/kg EB;and 7.5 IU FSH+12 μg/kg EB. One day after the last treatment, spermatozoa were recovered from epididymis, blood was processed for sex hormones concentration (testosterone, FSH and luteinizing hormone) and testes were processed for histology and RNA extraction for expression of genes related to apoptosis [caspase 3, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)].Results: Control groups did not show significant changes in most parameters, but hormonal treatments decreased caspase 3 and iNOS and increased Bcl-2 expression. Tamoxifen significantly decreased counts, motility and viability of spermatozoa, Bcl-2 expression and sex hormones. It increased intertubular space, caspase 3 and iNOS expression, and induced seminiferous tubular atrophy. The hormonal treatments reverted spermatogenesis, hormonal levels and histology compared with controls, however not attaining the same sperm quality as controls.Conclusions:Tamoxifen is clearly detrimental to spermatogenesis and overall testicular structure and function, whereas hormonal therapy with FSH and EB can improve testicular function and revert tamoxifen-induced azoospermia.展开更多
基金Supported by Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project of Hunan Province(2023CX98)Hunan Vegetable Industry Technology System(HARS-04)Fund for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Technological Enterprises in Yueyang City(2023081700020)。
文摘Spodoptera litura is the most threatening pest in lotus production,seriously affecting the lotus yield and quality.Emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole,the main insecticides for controlling S.litura on vegetables,are widely used by farmers to control S.litura on lotus plants.To determine the application concentrations,control effects,and safety of the two insecticides in lotus fields,indoor experiments were conducted to determine the control effects of 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole(SC)and 5%emamectin benzoate(WDG),and the residues of the two insecticides in the water,lotus leaves,and lotus seeds after field application were determined by HPLC-MS/MS.The indoor experiment results showed that chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate both had good control effects on S.litura,with the median lethal concentrations(LC50)of 17.700 and 1.694 mg/L,respectively.After unmanned aerial vehicle spraying of emamectin benzoate at 20 g/667m^(2),there was no residue of emamectin benzoate in the water or lotus leaves after 5 d.After spraying of chlorantraniliprole at 20 mL/667m^(2),the residual amounts in the water and lotus leaves after 9 d were 0.005 and 0.007 mg/L,respectively.No residue of the two insecticides was detected in lotus seeds(dry and fresh)2 h after spraying.Therefore,it was recommended that chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate can be used to control S.litura in lotus fields during the growth period,while attention should be paid to the application interval for safety.Considering the safe harvesting of lotus seeds and leaves,it was recommended that the preharvest intervals of chlorantraniliprole and 5%emamectin benzoate should be 9 d.
基金This work was supported by a grant from Syngenta Korea to IK Park.
文摘In this study,we investigated the preventive effects of emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL,which was newly developed to reduce the injection volume and number of injection holes required to protect against pine wood nematode.None of the Pinus thunbergii trees injected with emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL at 0.3 mL/cm diameter at breast height(DBH)died within 2 years of inoculation with pine wood nematodes.Emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL injected at 0.6 mL/cm DBH resulted in no tree mortality for 3 years.Mean residue of emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL in pine twigs injected with 0.3 mL/cm DBH was 0.490μg/g at 1 year after injection and 0.303μg/g after 2 years.These residues values are greater than 0.031μg/g,previously determined IC95 value for emamectin benzoate against the pine wood nematode.Our field experiment and residue analysis showed that emamectin benzoate 9.7%SL could be a substitute agent for emamectin benzoate 2.15%EC,which is widely used to prevent pine wood nematode in the field and that injection volume and number of injection holes can be greatly educed using this new formulation,which will reduce injury to the cambium,interruption of water movement,and infection of inoculation wounds by wood-decay or blue stain fungi.
文摘The present study utilized a nitroglycerin-induced rat model of migraine to detect the effects of rizatriptan benzoate on proenkephalin and substance P gene expression in the midbrain using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and investigate whether rizatriptan benzoate can regulate the endogenous pain modulatory system. The results showed that rizatriptan benzoate significantly reduced expression of the mRNAs for proenkephalin and substance P. Rizatriptan benzoate may inhibit the analgesic effect of the endogenous pain modulatory system.
文摘Alkaline earth benzoates were synthesized using hydrothermal reaction. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, X ray powder diffraction. All of them are monoclinic and have layered structure. The mechanism of thermal decomposition of alkaline earth benzoates was studied by using TG, DTA, IR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The thermal decomposition of alkaline earth benzoates in nitrogen proceeded in one or two stages: they decomposed to form MCO 3 (M=Ca,Sr,Ba) or MgO and organic compounds, respectively. The organic compounds obtained from decomposition reaction are mainly benzophenone, triphenylmethane and so on.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0201306)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671613,31471435)+2 种基金the Ph D Programs Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(1601116C)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Chinathe Top-Notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(PPZY2015A060)。
文摘In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous sodium benzoate on wheat seedlings(Yangmai 16) grown under heavy metal stress. The results showed that 2.4 mmol kg-1 of heavy metals significantly inhibited growth and delayed emergence of wheat seedlings. Under compound heavy metal stress, application of 2-4 g L^-1 sodium benzoate significantly increased(P<0.01) chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of wheat, compared to the control(water treatment). Further analysis showed that application of 2-4 g L^-1 sodium benzoate alleviated osmotic stress by promoting the accumulation of osmolytes such as soluble proteins and free proline, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and reduced malondialdehyde content(MDA). In contrast, higher concentrations of sodium benzoate solution(>6 g L^-1) inhibited the growth of wheat seedlings and even caused damage to seedlings. Correlation analysis showed that when the sodium benzoate concentration was in the range of 1.97-3.12 g L^-1(2016) and 1.58-3.27 g L^-1(2017), values of chlorophyll and its components, root activity, SOD activity, soluble protein, and free proline content were the highest. When the sodium benzoate concentration was raised to 2.59 g L^-1(2016) or 3.02 g L^-1(2017), MDA content was the lowest. Ultimately, exogenous sodium benzoate(2-4 g L^-1) facilitates root development and improves the root activity of wheat seedlings grown under compound heavy metals stress, thereby effectively alleviating the damage of compound heavy metal stress in wheat seedlings.
文摘Alogliptin(AGLT),active ingredient of Alogliptin Benzoate(AGLT-BZ),is a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4)inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.This study aimed to build a suitable method to determine the potential related substances in AGLT-BZ bulk drug and tablets.Seven related substances in Alogliptin Benzoate substances were synthetized and identified by ^(1)H-NMR and ESI-MS.In addition,the impurities were detected by a gradient reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)with UV detection.The chromatographic system consisted of an Angilent Zobax SB-CN column(250×4.6 mm;5 μm).The mobile phase consisted of water/acetonitrile/trifluoroacetic acid 1900:100:1 v/v/v(solution A)and acetonitrile/water/trifluoroacetic acid 1900:100:1 v/v/v(solution B)using a gradient program at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with 278 nm detection and an injection volume of 20 ml.Additionally,selectivity,the limit of quantitation(LOQ)and limit of detection(LOD),linearity,accuracy,precision and robustness were determined.Linearity was good over the concentration range 50-1000 ng/ml and the coefficient of determination(R^(2))were 0.9991-0.9998.RSD% of the determination of precision were <2%(n=6).The method of RP-HPLC for the determination of impurities in AGLT-BZ was proved to be precise,accurate,robust and reliable.Three batches of self-made bulk drug and three dosages of commercial tablets were detected with this method.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29974015).
文摘This paper presents experimental observations on the adsorption of individual solutes by a simple thermodynamic framework, and the equilibrium adsorption of ethyl benzoate and diethyl phthalate on phenolic resin adsorbent in hexane solutions within the temperature range of 293-313 K. The experimental results show that the Freundlich adsorption law is applicable to the adsorption of ethyl benzoate and diethyl phthalate on the adsorbent, since all the correlative factors R' are larger than 0.99. The negative values of all the isosteric adsorption enthalpies for ethyl benzoate and diethyl phthalate indicate that they undergo exothermic processes, while their magnitudes (19-28 kJ/mol) manifest a hydrogen bonding sorption process. Other thermodynamic properties: the free energy changes and the entropy change associated with the adsorption have been calculated from the Gibbs adsorption equation and the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No Z0516028) DAIICHI PHARMACEUTICAL (BEIJING) CO, LTD (No 06B004)
文摘The title compound, [Cu2（C7H5O2）4（C2H6O）2], was synthesized by the reaction of benzoic acid, copper acetate and ethanol in an aqueous solution. Trypan blue dye exclusion method was used in experiment. X-ray single-crystal analysis has revealed that compound 1 （C32H32Cu2O10） crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c, Mr = 703.66, a = 47.340（5）, b = 6.6613（4）, c = 22.028（2）A,β = 113.284（4）°, V = 6380.6（10） A^3, Z = 8, Dc= 1.465 g/cm^3, F（000） = 2896,μ = 1.388 mm^-11, the final R = 0.0515 and wR = 0.1172 for 5712 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. X-ray crystal structure analysis suggests that compound [CH2（C7H5O2）4（C2H6O）2] has a binuclear structure with two Cu（II） atoms coordinated by four benzoate groups and two ethanol molecules. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular O-H...O hydrogen bonds. The compound inhibits the proliferation of K562 cells （chronic myeloid leukemic cells） significantly and dose-dependently in 48 h, and IC50 of K562 is 17.3μg/mL by trypan blue dye exclusion method.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0200502, 2017YFD0200301)
文摘High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was employed to determine drug release rates based on emamectin benzoate concentrations in the medium. Release kinetics equations were used to fit the drug release behavior. The effects of particle size and release medium pH on the release rate were also investigated. The indoor toxicity of emamectin benzoate-loaded polylactic acid microspheres on the diamondback moth larva （Plutella xylostella） was studied to explore drug sustained-release performance. In acidic and neutral media, the drug release behavior of the microspheres was in accord with the first-order kinetics equation. Increasing the spray dosage of emamectin benzoate-loaded polylactic acid microspheres initially resulted in an equivalent insecticidal efficacy with the conventional emamectin benzoate microemulsion. However, the drug persistence period was four-fold longer than that observed using the conventional formulation. The developed emamectin benzoate-loaded polylactic acid microspheres showed dramatic sustained-release performance. A treatment threshold of greater than 35 mg mL-1 was established for an efficient accumulated release concentration of emamectin benzoate-loaded microspheres.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21132009 and 30825044)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No.IRT1007)the National Science and Technology Project of China (Nos.2012ZX09301002-002 and 2011ZX0 9307-002-01)
文摘Two new 2-（quinonylcarboxamino）benzoates, named aconicarmiquinamides A （1） and B （2）, were isolated from an aqueous extract of the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis, and confirmed by comparison with synthetic methyl 3.6- bis（ diethylamino ）benzoqunonylcarboxylate （3）.
基金Scientific Research Fund of the School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology of Putian University (Grant No.Z202102)。
文摘Eight phenyl benzoate compounds were synthesized in one step, and then their antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-pancreatic lipase activities were evaluated in the present study. The total yields ranged from 31% to 85%. Compound 4 c exhibited a stronger antioxidant activity compared with Trolox, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations(IC50) of approximately 13.06 μM, and the antioxidant mechanism was further studied using computational chemistry. Compounds 1 c–5 c exhibited minimal anti-tyrosinase activity. Compounds 4 c, 5 d, 6 c and 6 d exhibited weak anti-pancreatic lipase activity, with an inhibition rate of 33.52%, 15.76%, 18.37% and 20.77%, respectively. These results demonstrated that all compounds had reference significance, especially compound 4 c.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20962007)
文摘Fifteen novel 2-（3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazol-2（3H）-yl）ethyl benzoates were synthesi- zed by the condensation of 2-（2-hydroxyethyl）benzo[d]isothiazol-3（2H）-one with substituted benzoic acids in dichloromethane. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ESI-MS and 1H NMR. The crystal structures for 2-（2-hydroxyethyl）benzo[d]isothiazol-3（2H）-one （2） and 2-（3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazol-2（3H）-yl）ethyl 2-methoxybenzoate （30） have been determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Compound 2 （C9H9NO2S） crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group Pn with a = 10.552（3）, b = 7.849（2）, c = 10.765（4） A, β = 103.128（4）°, V= 868.3（5） A3, Mr = 195.24, Dc = 1.493 Mg.m-3, μ = 0.33 mm-1, F（000） = 408, Z = 4, R= 0.0314 and wR= 0.0628. Compound 30 （C17H15NO4S） crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 8.028（2）, b = 9.300（2）, c = 10.430（3）A, V= 752.1（3）A3, Mr = 329.36, D,= 1.454 Mg.m-3, p = 0.24 mm-1, F（000） = 344, Z = 2, R = 0.0377 and wR = 0.0904. The preliminary biological test indicated that the title compounds show better growth inhibitory activity against the gram-positive bacteria than the gram-negative bacteria.
文摘Based on determination for surface tension of organosilicone solution and its expansion on the solid surface, the biological activity of 5% emameetin ben- zoate WDG with organosilicone against beet armyworm was determined by spraying method to study their synergistic activity. The results showed that organosilicone significandy reduced surface tension of aqueous solution, and the surface tension was reduced to 26raN/m as the concentration of organosilicone was 0.01%. The organosilicone significantly raised expansion of liquid drops on solid surface, and the expansion diameter of 10 μL 0.01% organosilicone was 34 ram. The indoor toxicity results indicated that when addition dosage of organosilieone was 1% -5%, synergistic activity of 5% emamectin benzoate WDG with organosilicone against beet armyworm was significant, and increase extent of synergistic activity slowed down as organosilieone dosage was higher than 5%. Field experiment showed that the control efficacies of 5% emamectin benzoate WDG ＋5% organosilicone 33 mg/ L against beet armyworm were 81.57% and 82.66% after spraying for 3 and 7 d respectively, which were significandy better than treatments of 5% emamectin benzoate WDG 33 rag/L, 24% metaflumizone SC 96 mg/L, 5% chlorantranilip- role SC 33 mg/L, 20% tlubendiamide WDG 40 mg/L and 15% indoxacarb EC 43 mg/L.
文摘For the quantitative determination of Fulvestrant, Benzyl alcohol, and Benzyl benzoate in Fulvestrant injection, an original RP-HPLC approach was developed. The gradient method was developed using HPLC and a Phenomenex Luna C8, 150 × 4.6 mm, i.d 3.0 μm particle size column with a gradient programme of mobile phases A and B. With a flow rate of 1.5 mL/minute, injection volume of 10 μL, and column temperature of 35°C, UV wavelength detection at 254 nm for Benzyl alcohol and Benzoyl Benzoate and 280 nm for Fulvestrant, mobile phase-A consists of DI water and mobile phase-B consists of Acetonitrile. The current study describes a single HPLC method for developing a Fulvestrant (Active), Benzyl alcohol (Cosolvent), and Benzyl Benzoate (Cosolvent) assay for Fulvestrant injection. The assay method was determined to be suitable for quantifying three components in the pharmaceutical product and was verified according to ICH guidelines.
文摘Rizatriptan benzoate is a 5HT 1B/1Dreceptor agonist which is prescribed for the treatment of migraine.In the present study new,simple,specific ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for rizatriptan benzoate was developed and validated.Forced degradation studies were carried out in acidic,alkaline and neutral pH conditions.The absorbance maxima peak was found to be 224 nm and linearity was observed in the concentration range of 0.5~2.5μg·mL-1 with regression coefficient value of 0.998 8.The method was validated and found to be precise.The percent recovery for rizatriptan benzoate was found to be 98.576±0.202.The bulk drug was found to be stable in neutral and acidic pH conditions but got degraded in 1N NaOH solution.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (Grant No. 2022J011158)Putian City Science and Technology Plan Project (Grant No. 2021S2001-9)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research (Grant No. FJ-YW-2021KF01)。
文摘In the present study, we evaluated the antitumor, anti-tyrosinase, anti-pancreatic lipase, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-α-glycosidase activities for all or a subset of 20 known compounds. They included 8 phenyl benzoates, 10 benzophenones, and 2 xanthones. Phenyl benzoate compounds 1–8 did not exhibit evident antitumor activity, which was consistent with existing theories. Compounds 16, 17, and 18 exhibited moderate anti-tyrosinase activity. In addition, compounds 11 and 18 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against Candida albicans, and compound 20 exhibited stronger anti-α-glycosidase activity than quercetin, with an IC_(50)of approximately 2.45 μM. These results demonstrated that compounds 11, 16–18, and 20 were promising leads for further structural modification.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(29671025)
文摘The rare earth metal benzoates were synthesized using hydrothermal reaction.The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis,IR and X-ray powder diffraction.They can be represented by general formula RE(C6H5COO)(3)(RE=La,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy and Er).All of them are monoclinic and have layered structure.The mechanism of thermal decomposition of rare earth metal benzoates was studied by using TG,DTA,IR,and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The thermal decomposition of the rare earth benzoates in nitrogen proceeded in two stages;firstly it decomposed to form RE_(2)O(CO_(3))(2)and organic compounds,then RE_(2)O(CO_(3))(2)decomposed further to form rare earth metal oxides and carbon dioxide.The organic compounds obtained from the first step of the reaction are mainly benzophenone,9,10-anthraquinone,1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran and so on.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20335030） and the Innovation Foundation of Science and Technology （No.NWNU-KJCXGC-02-09）.
文摘Dual fluorescence and UV absorption of 2′-ethylhexyl 4-（N,N-dimethylamino）benzoate （EHDMAB） were investigated in cationic, non-ionic and anionic micelles. When EHDMAB was solubilized in different micelles, the UV absorption of EHDMAB was enhanced. Twisted intramolecular charge transfer （TICT） emission with longer wavelength was observed in ionic micelles, whereas TICT emission with shorter wavelength was obtained in non-ionic micelles. In particular, dual fluorescence of EHDMAB was significantly quenched by the positively charged pyridinium ions arranged in the Stern layer of cationic micelles. UV radiation absorbed mainly decays via TICT emission and radiationless deactivation. The dimethylamino group of EHDMAB experiences different polar environments in ionic and non-ionic micelles according to the polarity dependence of TICT emission of EHDMAB in organic solvents. In terms of the molecular structures and sizes of EHDMAB and surfactants, each individual EHDMAB molecule should be buried in micelles with its dimethylamino group toward the polar head groups of different micelles and with its 2′-ethylhexyl chain toward the hydrophobic micellar core. Dynamic fluorescence quenching measurements of EHDMAB provide further support for the location of EHDMAB in different micelles.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(20471044)
文摘A tetranuclear zinc benzoate Zn_(4)O(C6H5CO_(2))6 was synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal determination.It crystallizes in cubic,space groupIa-3d.Its crystal cell is very large,a=4.10063(18)nm,V=68.953(5)nm3 and Z=48.The structure is composed of discrete Zn_(4)O(C6H5CO_(2))6 molecules.In each molecule,four zinc atoms are held together by a central oxygen atom,which results in the formation of a regular tetrahedron.All benzoate ligands coordinate to zinc atoms in a bidentate bridging mode.Each zinc atom is in a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry,coordinated by three benzoate oxygen atoms and the central oxygen atom.The intermolecular interactions result in the formation of a three-dimensional supramolecular framework,with non-intersecting parallel channels.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol benzoate (EB) on the recovery of spermatogenesis, histology, sexual hormones levels and testicular gene expression in testes of tamoxifen-injured rats.Methods:Forty adult rats were divided into eight groups in a factorial arrangement of tamoxifen and hormonal treatments. Half of the groups orally received 0.6 mg/kg tamoxifen, and 30 d later tamoxifen and no-tamoxifen groups (controls) were paired and assigned into four hormonal treatments with daily intramuscular injections for 10 consecutive days: 1 mL saline (control);7.5 IU FSH;12 μg/kg EB;and 7.5 IU FSH+12 μg/kg EB. One day after the last treatment, spermatozoa were recovered from epididymis, blood was processed for sex hormones concentration (testosterone, FSH and luteinizing hormone) and testes were processed for histology and RNA extraction for expression of genes related to apoptosis [caspase 3, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)].Results: Control groups did not show significant changes in most parameters, but hormonal treatments decreased caspase 3 and iNOS and increased Bcl-2 expression. Tamoxifen significantly decreased counts, motility and viability of spermatozoa, Bcl-2 expression and sex hormones. It increased intertubular space, caspase 3 and iNOS expression, and induced seminiferous tubular atrophy. The hormonal treatments reverted spermatogenesis, hormonal levels and histology compared with controls, however not attaining the same sperm quality as controls.Conclusions:Tamoxifen is clearly detrimental to spermatogenesis and overall testicular structure and function, whereas hormonal therapy with FSH and EB can improve testicular function and revert tamoxifen-induced azoospermia.
