Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contamina...Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contaminated environment.Microbial remediation of B[a]Pcontaminated environments is considered to be one of the most effective strategies,and the addition of biostimulants is a feasible method to further improve the effectiveness of microbial remediation.In this study,we used Bacillus subtilis MSC4 to screen for the stimulation of sodium gluconate,which promoted B[a]P degradation.Based on biochemical and transcriptomic analyses,Sodium gluconate was found to significantly increase the biomass of MSC4 and the expression of most genes involved in B[a]P degradation.Activities of central carbon metabolism,fatty acidβ-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation were all promoted.The significant increase in acid-induced oxalate decarboxylase expression indicates a decrease in intracellular pH,which promoted the synthesis of acetoin and lactate.Genes involved in the nitrogen cycle,especially nitrification and denitrification,were significantly up-regulated,contributing to B[a]P degradation.Genes involved in the synthesis of enzyme cofactors,including thiamine,molybdenum cofactors,NAD and heme,were up-regulated,which contributes to increasing enzyme activity in metabolic pathways.Up-regulation of genes in flagella assembly,chemotaxis,and lipopeptide synthesis is beneficial for the dissolution and uptake of B[a]P.Genes related to the sugar transport system were upregulated,which facilitates the transport and absorption of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by MSC4.This study provides a theoretical basis for the further application of sodium gluconate in the treatment of PAH-contaminated sites.展开更多
Epidemiological studies indicate that prostate cancer(PCa)is the second prevalent malignant tumor affecting men globally.Environmental pollution such as cigarette smoke is one of the important risk factors for the dev...Epidemiological studies indicate that prostate cancer(PCa)is the second prevalent malignant tumor affecting men globally.Environmental pollution such as cigarette smoke is one of the important risk factors for the development of prostate cancer.However,as one of the main carcinogens in cigarette smoke,the role of benzo[a]pyrene(BaP)in prostate cancer is still unclear.The current study aimed to investgate the impacts of BaP exposure on the progression of PCa towardmalignancy and the regulation of the immune microenvironment.We verified that BaP exposure can promote the proliferation,migration,and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells through in vitro experiments.We constructed a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of BaP exposure mouse and found that can promote the proliferation of tumors in vivo.Organoids-driven by PCa patients showed higher growth rate under BaP exposure.Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated a remarkable decrease in CD4^(+)T and CD8^(+)T cell infiltration levels.Moreover,we identified four genes(Mdm2,Ar,Foxo1,Crebbp)were strongly associated with BaP exposure by combining mouse tumor RNA-seq and CTD database.Additionally,a nomogram integrating clinicopathological features was constructed to assess the prognosis of prostate cancer patients under BaP exposure.This study systematically proved that BaP exposure promotes malignant progression of PCa and suppresses the immune microenvironment,in which Mdm2,Ar,Foxo1,Crebbp may play a crucial role in inhibiting apoptosis.These findings offer novel insights into themechanisms via which BaP exposure contributes to PCa development.展开更多
Marine pollution poses a critical threat to biodiversity.The synergistic effects of microplastics,specifically high-density polyethylene(HDPE),combined with benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)and heavy metals,on the physiology and ...Marine pollution poses a critical threat to biodiversity.The synergistic effects of microplastics,specifically high-density polyethylene(HDPE),combined with benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)and heavy metals,on the physiology and feeding behavior of the seahorse,Hippocampus erectus were studied.The growth parameters,pollutant bioaccumulation,enzymatic response,and feeding dynamics were extensively analyzed.Seahorses exposed to microplastics-borne B[a]P and heavy metals exhibited notable reductions in body length and weight,as well as in survival rates,indicating severe stress from these contaminants.The accumulation of pollutant particularly B[a]P in seahorse exceeded China’s national regulatory limit of 5μg/kg,and the B[a]P accumulation in seahorses was obviously aided by HDPE microplastics,posing a risk to marine organisms and human health via the food chain.The adaptive response of the seahorses was evident shown in the elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities,which is a biological mechanism to mitigate oxidative stress induced by the pollutants.However,this physiological adaptation comes at a cost,as evidenced by marked changes in the feeding behavior.Results show that the efficiency and frequency of feeding were greatly reduced,indicating a heavy impact on the ecological role and survival of this marine creature in polluted habitats.This research offers a crucial perspective on the compound threats of microplastics and associated pollutants in marine ecosystems.It highlights the urgent need develop comprehensive strategies to address these environmental issues.The findings are an important contribution to ecotoxicology,providing a deeper understanding of how microplastics act as vectors for other contaminants and their profound effects on marine life,especially species like seahorses.This study calls for action to strengthen environmental policies and practices aimed at mitigating the impact of marine pollution.展开更多
High molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(HMW-PAHs)pose significant environmental challenges due to their complex structures and persistent toxicity,and are difficult to be degraded by bacteria.Fungi,howe...High molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(HMW-PAHs)pose significant environmental challenges due to their complex structures and persistent toxicity,and are difficult to be degraded by bacteria.Fungi,however,possess the ability to overcome these challenges,primarily through various enzymes with broad substrate specificity,including cytochrome P450(CYP450),laccase,manganese peroxidase,lignin peroxidase.As a result,the development of efficient fungal strains capable of degrading HMW-PAHs is essential for advancing bioremediation strategies.In this study,Aspergillus fumigatus Z5 was isolated from a contaminated site and demonstrated a remarkable ability to degrade the highly recalcitrant benzo[a]pyrene,achieving a degradation rate of 75.43%.Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of 34 CYP450 genes.Among these genes,CYP3A4(gene 8840)showed strong binding affinity for benzo[a]pyrene,as confirmed by molecular docking studies,indicating its key role in the biodegradable process.Furthermore,the metabolic network analysis showed that the electron transfer required for CYP450-mediated oxidative reactions enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and subsequently energy metabolism in A.fumigatus Z5.This metabolic coordination likely facilitates the complete degradation of benzo[a]pyrene.Our study illuminates the fundamental roles of CYP450 from A.fumigatus Z5 in benzo[a]pyrene degradation and provides novel insight into designing and implementing enhanced bioremediation strategies.展开更多
The development of narrow-bandgap polymer donors with complementary absorption and matched energy levels for perylene diimides(PDI)-based nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)has received little attention.The high-lying highes...The development of narrow-bandgap polymer donors with complementary absorption and matched energy levels for perylene diimides(PDI)-based nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)has received little attention.The high-lying highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)level and low degree of crystallinity of the star donor polymer PCE10 limit its application in PDI-based Organic solar cells(OSCs).In this study,two benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran(BDF)-based narrow-bandgap polymer donors,PBDF and PBDFCl,were synthesized to improve the photovoltaic performance of PDI-based OSCs.The smaller BDF moiety with higher electronegativity endows the resulting polymers with stronger aggregation and lower HOMO energy levels.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)value of the PBDF:Ph(PDI)3-based OSCs was 7.24%,which is much higher than that of PCE10-based OSCs(6.09%).Further chlorination of the conjugated side chain elevated the PCE to 8.84%,which is 1.4 times higher than that of PCE10-based OSCs.These results demonstrate the significant contribution of designing novel narrow-bandgap polymer donors to boost the PCE of PDI-based OSCs and highlight the importance of matching the aggregation behaviors of polymeric donor materials with that of NFAs.展开更多
An efficient and easy method for one-pot three-component synthesis of l,3-disubstituted-3H-benzo[f]chromenes by the condensation of naphtol,aromatic aldehyde derivatives and phenylacetylene in the presence of ferric h...An efficient and easy method for one-pot three-component synthesis of l,3-disubstituted-3H-benzo[f]chromenes by the condensation of naphtol,aromatic aldehyde derivatives and phenylacetylene in the presence of ferric hydrogensulfate[Fe（HSO4）3], has been described.The catalyst displayed high activity which afforded the corresponding 1,3-disubstituted-3H-benzo[f]chromenes in satisfying yields.Alkyl-substituted phenols were examined and the corresponding benzopyran derivatives were synthesized in moderate yields.Heterogeneous nature of the using catalyst made it reusable for further chemical reactions.展开更多
Benzo[b]thiophene fused compounds with a unique active heterocyclic skeleton have wide applications in the fields of medicinal chemistry,organic synthesis,and organic functional materials,which resulted in rapid devel...Benzo[b]thiophene fused compounds with a unique active heterocyclic skeleton have wide applications in the fields of medicinal chemistry,organic synthesis,and organic functional materials,which resulted in rapid development of many efficient methods for the construction of benzo[b]thiophenefused heterocycles in recent years.Among these methods,the domino reaction of benzo[b]thiophene derivatives is a practical and powerful synthetic route to access benzo[b]thiophene-fused heterocycles by virtue of the particularity of sulfur atom.This review summarizes the latest developments in the construction of benzo[b]thiophene-fused heterocycles by ring formation at the C2-C3-position of benzo[b]thiophene derivatives in the past decade.Additionally,this review is divided into four parts according to the four kinds of benzo[b]thiophene derivatives used,including thioaurone,thioisatin,substituted benzo[b]thiophene,and azadiene.展开更多
A green,convenient,high yielding and one-pot procedure for the synthesis of novel spiro[benzo[α]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazine]derivatives by domino multi-component condensation reaction between 2-hydroxynaphthalene-l,4-dion...A green,convenient,high yielding and one-pot procedure for the synthesis of novel spiro[benzo[α]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazine]derivatives by domino multi-component condensation reaction between 2-hydroxynaphthalene-l,4-dione,benzene-l,2-diamines,ninhydrine,and malononitrile in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione（theophylline） as an expedient,eco-friendly and reusable solid base catalyst under thermal,microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions.This procedure has also been applied successfully for the synthesis of benzo[α]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazines.展开更多
The distribution and geochemical significance of dibenzofurans,phenyldibenzofurans and benzo[b]naptho-furans in source rocks from Niger Delta basin,Nigeria,were investigated by Rock-Eval pyrolysis and gas chro-matogra...The distribution and geochemical significance of dibenzofurans,phenyldibenzofurans and benzo[b]naptho-furans in source rocks from Niger Delta basin,Nigeria,were investigated by Rock-Eval pyrolysis and gas chro-matography--mass spectrometry(GC--MS).The data obtained from the source rocks evaluation showed that the rock samples contained type 1/III kerogen capable of generating oil and gas and were within immature to early mature stage.The relative abundance of the Cor,C1-and C2-dibenzofurans range from 1.75%to 29.82%,27.60%to 40.52%and 29.66%to 6889%,respectively.The diben-zofurans were dominated by C-dibenzofurans.Among the C1-dibenzofurans,2-+3-methyldibenzofuran was the most abundant in the rock samples while 1-methy ldibenzofuran appeared to be the least.The relative abundance of benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan(1,2]BNF),benzo[b]naph-tha[2,1-d]furan(2.1]BNF)and benzo[b]naphtha[2,3-d]fu-ran([2.3]BNF)in the rock extracts range from 12.01%to 52.58%,32.61%to 75.219%and 10.27%to 52.43%.The wide range of values recorded for the three isomers of benzo[b lnapthofurans in the samples suggest source rocks formed from mixed organic matter.Among the pheny ldibenzofuran isomers,4-pheny ldibenzofuran was the most abundant while 1-phenyldibenzofuran was the least.Phenyldibenzofuran ratio-1(PhFR-1)and pheny ldibenzofuran ratio-2(PhFR-2)values range from 0.13 to 1.20 and 0.11 to 2.11,respectively.The resuls showed that the relative abundance of PhFR-1 and PhFR-2 increase gradually with increasing burial depth and maturity(VRo≤0.77%,MPI-1≤0.62.Tmax s 443℃),and have a good correlations with calculated vitrinite reflectance.MPI-I and maximum Temperature(Tmax)-This range of values suggested immature to early mature source rocks.The source rocks were found to have shale and coul lithologics and deposited in a lacustrine/fuvial deltaic settings within immature to early mature stages based on the distribution of dibenzofurans,pheny ldiben-zofurans and benzo[b]naphthofurans in the source rocks.This study showed that dibenzof urans,phenyldibenzofu-rans and benzo[b]naphthofurans were ffcive in deter-mining the origin,depositional environment and thermal maturity of source rocks in Niger Delta basin,Nigeria.展开更多
The peroxynitrite/porphyrin biomimetic system was established to investigate the effects of peroxynitrite on benzo[a]pyrene （B[a]P） metabolism. Three model systems consisting of different iron porphyrins were compar...The peroxynitrite/porphyrin biomimetic system was established to investigate the effects of peroxynitrite on benzo[a]pyrene （B[a]P） metabolism. Three model systems consisting of different iron porphyrins were compared, and the results showed that the peroxynitdte/T（p-Cl）PPFeCl system was the highest catalytic efficiency in the metabolism of B [a]P. We analyzed the B [a]P metabolites produced from this system by RP-HPLC method and firstly identified the formation of nitrobenzo[a]pyrenes which are the special metabolites of B [a]P induced by peroxynitrite.展开更多
A new electroanalytical procedure was developed for the determination of Benzophenone-3 (BENZO) in commercial sunscreen as the active ingredient. The procedure is based on the use of electrochemical methods as cyclic ...A new electroanalytical procedure was developed for the determination of Benzophenone-3 (BENZO) in commercial sunscreen as the active ingredient. The procedure is based on the use of electrochemical methods as cyclic and square-wave voltammetry, with boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. The reduction of BENZO in Britton-Robinson buffer (0.1 mol●L–1) using this type of electrode gives rise to one irreversible peak in –1.30 V (versus Ag/AgCl) in presence of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr). The proposed electrochemical method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercially available pharmaceutical preparations.展开更多
AIM To study the inhibitory effects of VES( RRR-α-tocopheryl Succinate, VES ), aderivative of natural Vitamin E, on benzo (a)pyrene (B (a) P)-induced forestomach tumor infemale mice.METHODS The model of B (a)P-induce...AIM To study the inhibitory effects of VES( RRR-α-tocopheryl Succinate, VES ), aderivative of natural Vitamin E, on benzo (a)pyrene (B (a) P)-induced forestomach tumor infemale mice.METHODS The model of B (a)P-inducedforestomach tumor was established according tothe methods of Wattenberg with slightmodifications. One hundred and eighty femalemice (6 weeks old) were divided into six groupsequally; negative control (Succinic acid),vehicle control ( Succinate + B (a) P), positivecontrol(B(a) P), high VES(2.5g/kg. b. w + B(a)P), Iow VES(1 .25 g/kg. b. w + B(a) P) ig as wellas VES by ip (20 mg/kg, b. w + B(a) P). Exceptthe negative control group, the mice wereadministrated with B(a)P ig. and correspondingtreatments for 4 weeks to study the anti-carcinogenetic effect of VES during the initiationperiod. The experiment lasted 29 weeks, inwhich the inhibitory effects of VES both ontumor incidence and tumor size were tested.RESULTS The models of B (a)P-inducedforestomach tumor in female mice wereestablished successfully. Some werecauliflower-like, others looked like papilla, evena few were formed into the ulcer cavities. VES at1.25 g/kg. b. w, 2.5 g/kg. b.w. by ig and 20 mg/kg. b. w. via ip could decrease the number oftumors per mouse (1.7 ± 0. 41, 1.6 ± 0.34 and 1.1±0.43), being lower than that of B(a)P group(5.4 ± 0.32, P＜0.05). The tumor incidence wasinhibited by 18.2%, 23.1% and 50.0%. VES at1.25g/kg.b.w., 2.5 g/ kg.b.w. by ig and20 mg/kg. b.w. via ip reduced the total volumeof tumors per mouse (54.8 ± 8.84, 28.4 ± 8.32and 23.9± 16.05), being significantly lower thanthat of B(a)P group (150.2±20.93, P＜0.01).The inhibitory rates were 63.5%, 81.1% and84.1%, respectively.CONCLUSION VES has inhibitory effects on B(a) P-induced forestomach carcinogenesis infemale mice, especially by ip and it may be apotential anti-cancer agent in vivo.展开更多
Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a...Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a] pyrene （BaP）. The characteristics of BaP degradation by both free and co-immobilized microorganism were then investigated and compared. The removal rate using the immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium was higher than that of the freely mobile mixed consortium. 95.3% of BaP was degraded using the co-immobilized system within 42 d, which was remarkably higher than the removal rate of that by the free strains. The optimal amount of inoculated co-immobilized system for BaP degradation was 2%. The immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium also showed better water stability than the free strains. Kinetics of BaP biodegradation by co-immobilized SF06 and SB02 were also studied. The results demonstrated that BaP degradation could be well described by a zero-order reaction rate equation when the initial BaP concentration was in the range of 10--200 mg/kg. The scanning electronic microscope （SEM） analysis showed that the co-immobilized microstructure was suitable for the growth of SF06 and SB02. The mass transmission process of co-immobilized system in soil is discussed. The results demonstrate the potential for employing the bacterial-fungal mixed consortium, co-immobilized on vermiculite, for in situ bioremediation of BaP.展开更多
The rates of photodegradation and photocatalysis of benzo [a]pyrene （BaP） on soil surfaces under UV light have been studied. Different parameters such as temperature, soil particle sizes, and soil depth responsible ...The rates of photodegradation and photocatalysis of benzo [a]pyrene （BaP） on soil surfaces under UV light have been studied. Different parameters such as temperature, soil particle sizes, and soil depth responsible for photodegradation, catalyst loads and wavelength of UV irradiation blamed for photocatalysis have been monitored. The results obtained indicated that BaP photodegradation follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. BaP photodegradation was the fastest at 30℃ . The rates of BaP photodegradation at different soil particle size followed the order： less than 1 mm〉less than 0.45 mm〉less than 0.25 mm. When the soil depth increased from 1 mm to 4 ram, the half-life increased from 13.23 d to 17.73 d. The additions of TiO2 or Fe2O3 accelerated the photodegradation of BaP, and the photocatalysis of BaP follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Changes in catalyst loads of TiO2 （0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% （wt）） or Fe203 （2%, 5%, 7%, and 10% （wt）） did not significantly affect the degradation rates. Both BaP photocatalysis in the presence of TiO2 and Fe2O3 were the fastest at 254 nm UV irradiation.展开更多
It has been reported that there is an interaction between Benzo[a]pyrene （BaP）, a widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and tributyltin （TBT）, an organometal used as an antifouling biocide. This...It has been reported that there is an interaction between Benzo[a]pyrene （BaP）, a widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and tributyltin （TBT）, an organometal used as an antifouling biocide. This study was therefore designed to examine the potential in vivo influence of BaP, TBT and their mixture on splenic antioxidant defense systems of Sebastiscus marmoratus. The fish were exposed to water containing environmentally relevant concentrations of BaP, TBT and their mixture. Spleens were collected for biochemical analysis after exposure for 7, 25, 50 d and after recovery for 7, 20 d. Cotreatment with BaP and TBT for 7 d potentiated the induction of glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activity by BaP or TBT alone. The cotreatment for 25 and 50 d resulted in inhibition of GPx activity, which was similar to the effect of TBT. Splenic glutathione S-transferase （GST） activities were significantly elevated in S. marmoratus exposed to BaP starting from 7 d and remained high up to 25 d. However, no further activity change was found with prolonged exposure. Cotreatment of BaP and TBT primarily inhibited the GST activity, which was similar to the effect of TBT. Cotreatment with BaP and TBT for 25 or 50 d potentiated the depletion of GSH （glutathione） by BaP or TBT alone. MDA （malondialdehyde） contents in spleen of S. marmoratus were not significantly altered compared with the control during the test period. Spleen, as an immune organ, is sensitive to exposure of BaP or TBT. It should have an effective mechanism to counteract oxidative damage. Antioxidative defense systems in spleen of S. marmoratus should be considered as potential biomarkers. Short-term exposure of BaP or TBT could result in induction of antioxidant defense system. A significant decrease of these indices, such as GSH, GST, GPx might indicate more severe contamination.展开更多
A bacterial strain BAP5 with a relatively high degradation ability of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） was isolated from marine sediments of Xiamen Western Sea, China and identified as Ochrobactrum sp. according to 16S rRNA gen...A bacterial strain BAP5 with a relatively high degradation ability of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） was isolated from marine sediments of Xiamen Western Sea, China and identified as Ochrobactrum sp. according to 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as Biolog microbial identification system. Strain BAP5 could grow in mineral salt medium with 50 mg/L of BaP and degrade about 20% BaP after 30 d of incubation. Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was able to utilize other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） （such as phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene） as the sole carbon source and energy source, suggesting its potential application in PAHs bioremediation. The profile of total soluble protein from Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was also investigated. Some over- and special-expressed proteins of strain BAP5 when incubated with the presence of BaP were detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and found to be related with PAHs metabolism, DNA translation, and energy production based on peptide fingerprint analysis through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.展开更多
Objective Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, is a potent procarcinogen and mutagen that can elicit tumors, leading to malignancy. Heat shock proteins (Hsp) have been shown to protect cells a...Objective Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, is a potent procarcinogen and mutagen that can elicit tumors, leading to malignancy. Heat shock proteins (Hsp) have been shown to protect cells against damages caused by various stresses including exposure to numerous chemicals. Whether Hsps, or more specifically Hsp70, are involved in repair of B[a]P-induced DNA damage is currently unknown. Methods We assessed the potential role of the inducible form of Hsp70 in B[a]P-induced DNA damage of human embryonic lung (HEL) cells using immunoblot and the comet assay (i.e., the single cell gel electrophoresis assay). Results Exposure to B[a]P induced a dose-dependent decrease in the level of Hsp70, but a dose-dependent +-increase in DNA damage both in untreated (control) HEL cells and in cells preconditioned by a heat treatment. Heat preconditioning prior to B[a]P exposure potentiated the effect of B[a]P at a low dose (10 μmol/L), but appeared to be protective at higher doses. There was a negative correlation between Hsp70 level and DNA damage in the non-preheated as well as in the preconditioned cells. Conclusion These data suggest that exposure of HEL cells to B[a]P may induce a dose-dependent reduction in the levels of the inducible Hsp70. The detailed mechanisms for the reduction of Hsp70 levels by B[a]P and the role of Hsp70 in DNA damage under different concentrations of B[a]P remains to be determined.展开更多
Tributyltin（TBT）, an organometal used as an antifouling biocide, has been reported to induce masculinization of fish. Benzo [a]pyrene （BaP）, a widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, has been repo...Tributyltin（TBT）, an organometal used as an antifouling biocide, has been reported to induce masculinization of fish. Benzo [a]pyrene （BaP）, a widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, has been reported that its microsomal metabolites can produce an estrogenic response when tested in vitro. This study was therefore designed to examine the potential in vivo influence of TBT, BaP and their mixture on sex hormone levels in serum of Sebastiscus marmoratus, which were given 2 separate intraperitoneally （ip） injections（a single injection every 7 d） of TBT（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）, BaP（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）, or both in combination（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）; control fish received olive oil vehicle only. Six days after the 2nd injection, serum samples were collected and analyzed for sex hormone levels and alkali labile protein phosphorus （ALPP）, which is related to the yolk precursor protein vitellogenin. The pollutants at all doses significantly reduced serum testosterone, estradiol and ALPP content after 2 injections compared with the corresponding controls. The reduction of the estradiol levels should be response for the decrease of the vitellogenin levels. The results in the present study suggested that aromatase seems not the major target acted by TBT and BaP in fish. This study demonstrated that TBT or BaP exposure both inhibit the reproductive potential in female Sebastiscus marmoratus. Combined effect of TBT and BaP on the serum testosterone, estradiol and ALPP was not antagonism from the anticipation.展开更多
The effects of interspecific fungal interactions between Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium on laccase activity and enzymatic oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)were investigated.A dea...The effects of interspecific fungal interactions between Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium on laccase activity and enzymatic oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)were investigated.A deadlock between the two mycelia rather than replacement of one fungus by another was observed on an agar medium.The laccase activity in crude enzyme extracts from interaction zones reached a maximum after a 5-day incubation,which was significantly higher than that from regions of T.versicolor or P.chrysosporium alone.The enhanced induction of laccase activity lasted longer in half nutrition than in normal nutrition.A higher potential to oxidize benzo[a]pyrene by a crude enzyme preparation extracted from the interaction zones was demonstrated.After a 48 hr incubation period,the oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene by crude enzyme extracts from interaction zones reached 26.2%,while only 9.5%of benzo[a]pyrene was oxidized by crude extracts from T.versicolor.The oxidation was promoted by the co-oxidant 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate diammonium salt(ABTS).These findings indicate that the application of co-culturing of white-rot fungi in bioremediation is a potential ameliorating technique for the restoration of PAH-contaminated soil.展开更多
Two compounds,3-oxo-N-o-tolylbenzo[d]isothiazole-2（3H）-carboxamide （1） and N-（2-methoxyphenyl）-3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazole-2（3H）-carboxamide （2）,were synthesized from the initial compound benzo[d]isothiazol-3...Two compounds,3-oxo-N-o-tolylbenzo[d]isothiazole-2（3H）-carboxamide （1） and N-（2-methoxyphenyl）-3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazole-2（3H）-carboxamide （2）,were synthesized from the initial compound benzo[d]isothiazol-3（2H）-one （BIT） and characterized by 1 H NMR,IR and elemental analysis,respectively.The single crystals of compounds 1 and 2 were obtained and determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.The preliminary results of biological activity experiment show that some of the title compounds exhibited a favorable antimicrobial activity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFC1808803).
文摘Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)is a carcinogenic environmental pollutant widely present in the environment and can enter the human body through the food chain.It is therefore essential to treat and remediate the B[a]P-contaminated environment.Microbial remediation of B[a]Pcontaminated environments is considered to be one of the most effective strategies,and the addition of biostimulants is a feasible method to further improve the effectiveness of microbial remediation.In this study,we used Bacillus subtilis MSC4 to screen for the stimulation of sodium gluconate,which promoted B[a]P degradation.Based on biochemical and transcriptomic analyses,Sodium gluconate was found to significantly increase the biomass of MSC4 and the expression of most genes involved in B[a]P degradation.Activities of central carbon metabolism,fatty acidβ-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation were all promoted.The significant increase in acid-induced oxalate decarboxylase expression indicates a decrease in intracellular pH,which promoted the synthesis of acetoin and lactate.Genes involved in the nitrogen cycle,especially nitrification and denitrification,were significantly up-regulated,contributing to B[a]P degradation.Genes involved in the synthesis of enzyme cofactors,including thiamine,molybdenum cofactors,NAD and heme,were up-regulated,which contributes to increasing enzyme activity in metabolic pathways.Up-regulation of genes in flagella assembly,chemotaxis,and lipopeptide synthesis is beneficial for the dissolution and uptake of B[a]P.Genes related to the sugar transport system were upregulated,which facilitates the transport and absorption of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by MSC4.This study provides a theoretical basis for the further application of sodium gluconate in the treatment of PAH-contaminated sites.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3804504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Youth Project(Nos.82101838,82203367,82203505,and 82203403)the Experimental Animal Fund of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.22140903800).
文摘Epidemiological studies indicate that prostate cancer(PCa)is the second prevalent malignant tumor affecting men globally.Environmental pollution such as cigarette smoke is one of the important risk factors for the development of prostate cancer.However,as one of the main carcinogens in cigarette smoke,the role of benzo[a]pyrene(BaP)in prostate cancer is still unclear.The current study aimed to investgate the impacts of BaP exposure on the progression of PCa towardmalignancy and the regulation of the immune microenvironment.We verified that BaP exposure can promote the proliferation,migration,and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells through in vitro experiments.We constructed a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of BaP exposure mouse and found that can promote the proliferation of tumors in vivo.Organoids-driven by PCa patients showed higher growth rate under BaP exposure.Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated a remarkable decrease in CD4^(+)T and CD8^(+)T cell infiltration levels.Moreover,we identified four genes(Mdm2,Ar,Foxo1,Crebbp)were strongly associated with BaP exposure by combining mouse tumor RNA-seq and CTD database.Additionally,a nomogram integrating clinicopathological features was constructed to assess the prognosis of prostate cancer patients under BaP exposure.This study systematically proved that BaP exposure promotes malignant progression of PCa and suppresses the immune microenvironment,in which Mdm2,Ar,Foxo1,Crebbp may play a crucial role in inhibiting apoptosis.These findings offer novel insights into themechanisms via which BaP exposure contributes to PCa development.
基金Supported by the Marine Economic Development Project(No.GDNRC[2022]36)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD0900206)the Tianjin Science and Technology Program Project(No.21YDTPJC00340)。
文摘Marine pollution poses a critical threat to biodiversity.The synergistic effects of microplastics,specifically high-density polyethylene(HDPE),combined with benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)and heavy metals,on the physiology and feeding behavior of the seahorse,Hippocampus erectus were studied.The growth parameters,pollutant bioaccumulation,enzymatic response,and feeding dynamics were extensively analyzed.Seahorses exposed to microplastics-borne B[a]P and heavy metals exhibited notable reductions in body length and weight,as well as in survival rates,indicating severe stress from these contaminants.The accumulation of pollutant particularly B[a]P in seahorse exceeded China’s national regulatory limit of 5μg/kg,and the B[a]P accumulation in seahorses was obviously aided by HDPE microplastics,posing a risk to marine organisms and human health via the food chain.The adaptive response of the seahorses was evident shown in the elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities,which is a biological mechanism to mitigate oxidative stress induced by the pollutants.However,this physiological adaptation comes at a cost,as evidenced by marked changes in the feeding behavior.Results show that the efficiency and frequency of feeding were greatly reduced,indicating a heavy impact on the ecological role and survival of this marine creature in polluted habitats.This research offers a crucial perspective on the compound threats of microplastics and associated pollutants in marine ecosystems.It highlights the urgent need develop comprehensive strategies to address these environmental issues.The findings are an important contribution to ecotoxicology,providing a deeper understanding of how microplastics act as vectors for other contaminants and their profound effects on marine life,especially species like seahorses.This study calls for action to strengthen environmental policies and practices aimed at mitigating the impact of marine pollution.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC1808902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31770152)+1 种基金Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Chemistry&Biology(No.22JHZ008)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province of China(No.23JRRM738).
文摘High molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(HMW-PAHs)pose significant environmental challenges due to their complex structures and persistent toxicity,and are difficult to be degraded by bacteria.Fungi,however,possess the ability to overcome these challenges,primarily through various enzymes with broad substrate specificity,including cytochrome P450(CYP450),laccase,manganese peroxidase,lignin peroxidase.As a result,the development of efficient fungal strains capable of degrading HMW-PAHs is essential for advancing bioremediation strategies.In this study,Aspergillus fumigatus Z5 was isolated from a contaminated site and demonstrated a remarkable ability to degrade the highly recalcitrant benzo[a]pyrene,achieving a degradation rate of 75.43%.Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of 34 CYP450 genes.Among these genes,CYP3A4(gene 8840)showed strong binding affinity for benzo[a]pyrene,as confirmed by molecular docking studies,indicating its key role in the biodegradable process.Furthermore,the metabolic network analysis showed that the electron transfer required for CYP450-mediated oxidative reactions enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and subsequently energy metabolism in A.fumigatus Z5.This metabolic coordination likely facilitates the complete degradation of benzo[a]pyrene.Our study illuminates the fundamental roles of CYP450 from A.fumigatus Z5 in benzo[a]pyrene degradation and provides novel insight into designing and implementing enhanced bioremediation strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52273195 and 51973169)Young Top-notch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei Province,Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2022CFB097)。
文摘The development of narrow-bandgap polymer donors with complementary absorption and matched energy levels for perylene diimides(PDI)-based nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)has received little attention.The high-lying highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)level and low degree of crystallinity of the star donor polymer PCE10 limit its application in PDI-based Organic solar cells(OSCs).In this study,two benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran(BDF)-based narrow-bandgap polymer donors,PBDF and PBDFCl,were synthesized to improve the photovoltaic performance of PDI-based OSCs.The smaller BDF moiety with higher electronegativity endows the resulting polymers with stronger aggregation and lower HOMO energy levels.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)value of the PBDF:Ph(PDI)3-based OSCs was 7.24%,which is much higher than that of PCE10-based OSCs(6.09%).Further chlorination of the conjugated side chain elevated the PCE to 8.84%,which is 1.4 times higher than that of PCE10-based OSCs.These results demonstrate the significant contribution of designing novel narrow-bandgap polymer donors to boost the PCE of PDI-based OSCs and highlight the importance of matching the aggregation behaviors of polymeric donor materials with that of NFAs.
文摘An efficient and easy method for one-pot three-component synthesis of l,3-disubstituted-3H-benzo[f]chromenes by the condensation of naphtol,aromatic aldehyde derivatives and phenylacetylene in the presence of ferric hydrogensulfate[Fe（HSO4）3], has been described.The catalyst displayed high activity which afforded the corresponding 1,3-disubstituted-3H-benzo[f]chromenes in satisfying yields.Alkyl-substituted phenols were examined and the corresponding benzopyran derivatives were synthesized in moderate yields.Heterogeneous nature of the using catalyst made it reusable for further chemical reactions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21403154 and 22003045)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.13JCYBJC38700)the Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(No.2018KJ137)。
文摘Benzo[b]thiophene fused compounds with a unique active heterocyclic skeleton have wide applications in the fields of medicinal chemistry,organic synthesis,and organic functional materials,which resulted in rapid development of many efficient methods for the construction of benzo[b]thiophenefused heterocycles in recent years.Among these methods,the domino reaction of benzo[b]thiophene derivatives is a practical and powerful synthetic route to access benzo[b]thiophene-fused heterocycles by virtue of the particularity of sulfur atom.This review summarizes the latest developments in the construction of benzo[b]thiophene-fused heterocycles by ring formation at the C2-C3-position of benzo[b]thiophene derivatives in the past decade.Additionally,this review is divided into four parts according to the four kinds of benzo[b]thiophene derivatives used,including thioaurone,thioisatin,substituted benzo[b]thiophene,and azadiene.
基金financial support from the Research Council of the University of Sistan and Baluchestan and Islamic Azad University of Yazd
文摘A green,convenient,high yielding and one-pot procedure for the synthesis of novel spiro[benzo[α]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazine]derivatives by domino multi-component condensation reaction between 2-hydroxynaphthalene-l,4-dione,benzene-l,2-diamines,ninhydrine,and malononitrile in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione（theophylline） as an expedient,eco-friendly and reusable solid base catalyst under thermal,microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions.This procedure has also been applied successfully for the synthesis of benzo[α]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazines.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,College of Geoscience,China University of Petroleum,Beijing,China for granting A.B.Ogbesejana an international visiting research fellowship towards this research work.
文摘The distribution and geochemical significance of dibenzofurans,phenyldibenzofurans and benzo[b]naptho-furans in source rocks from Niger Delta basin,Nigeria,were investigated by Rock-Eval pyrolysis and gas chro-matography--mass spectrometry(GC--MS).The data obtained from the source rocks evaluation showed that the rock samples contained type 1/III kerogen capable of generating oil and gas and were within immature to early mature stage.The relative abundance of the Cor,C1-and C2-dibenzofurans range from 1.75%to 29.82%,27.60%to 40.52%and 29.66%to 6889%,respectively.The diben-zofurans were dominated by C-dibenzofurans.Among the C1-dibenzofurans,2-+3-methyldibenzofuran was the most abundant in the rock samples while 1-methy ldibenzofuran appeared to be the least.The relative abundance of benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan(1,2]BNF),benzo[b]naph-tha[2,1-d]furan(2.1]BNF)and benzo[b]naphtha[2,3-d]fu-ran([2.3]BNF)in the rock extracts range from 12.01%to 52.58%,32.61%to 75.219%and 10.27%to 52.43%.The wide range of values recorded for the three isomers of benzo[b lnapthofurans in the samples suggest source rocks formed from mixed organic matter.Among the pheny ldibenzofuran isomers,4-pheny ldibenzofuran was the most abundant while 1-phenyldibenzofuran was the least.Phenyldibenzofuran ratio-1(PhFR-1)and pheny ldibenzofuran ratio-2(PhFR-2)values range from 0.13 to 1.20 and 0.11 to 2.11,respectively.The resuls showed that the relative abundance of PhFR-1 and PhFR-2 increase gradually with increasing burial depth and maturity(VRo≤0.77%,MPI-1≤0.62.Tmax s 443℃),and have a good correlations with calculated vitrinite reflectance.MPI-I and maximum Temperature(Tmax)-This range of values suggested immature to early mature source rocks.The source rocks were found to have shale and coul lithologics and deposited in a lacustrine/fuvial deltaic settings within immature to early mature stages based on the distribution of dibenzofurans,pheny ldiben-zofurans and benzo[b]naphthofurans in the source rocks.This study showed that dibenzof urans,phenyldibenzofu-rans and benzo[b]naphthofurans were ffcive in deter-mining the origin,depositional environment and thermal maturity of source rocks in Niger Delta basin,Nigeria.
基金Project supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 2052004)the Beijing Nova Programme (No. 2003B05) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20605002).
文摘The peroxynitrite/porphyrin biomimetic system was established to investigate the effects of peroxynitrite on benzo[a]pyrene （B[a]P） metabolism. Three model systems consisting of different iron porphyrins were compared, and the results showed that the peroxynitdte/T（p-Cl）PPFeCl system was the highest catalytic efficiency in the metabolism of B [a]P. We analyzed the B [a]P metabolites produced from this system by RP-HPLC method and firstly identified the formation of nitrobenzo[a]pyrenes which are the special metabolites of B [a]P induced by peroxynitrite.
文摘A new electroanalytical procedure was developed for the determination of Benzophenone-3 (BENZO) in commercial sunscreen as the active ingredient. The procedure is based on the use of electrochemical methods as cyclic and square-wave voltammetry, with boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. The reduction of BENZO in Britton-Robinson buffer (0.1 mol●L–1) using this type of electrode gives rise to one irreversible peak in –1.30 V (versus Ag/AgCl) in presence of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr). The proposed electrochemical method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercially available pharmaceutical preparations.
基金Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 39870662
文摘AIM To study the inhibitory effects of VES( RRR-α-tocopheryl Succinate, VES ), aderivative of natural Vitamin E, on benzo (a)pyrene (B (a) P)-induced forestomach tumor infemale mice.METHODS The model of B (a)P-inducedforestomach tumor was established according tothe methods of Wattenberg with slightmodifications. One hundred and eighty femalemice (6 weeks old) were divided into six groupsequally; negative control (Succinic acid),vehicle control ( Succinate + B (a) P), positivecontrol(B(a) P), high VES(2.5g/kg. b. w + B(a)P), Iow VES(1 .25 g/kg. b. w + B(a) P) ig as wellas VES by ip (20 mg/kg, b. w + B(a) P). Exceptthe negative control group, the mice wereadministrated with B(a)P ig. and correspondingtreatments for 4 weeks to study the anti-carcinogenetic effect of VES during the initiationperiod. The experiment lasted 29 weeks, inwhich the inhibitory effects of VES both ontumor incidence and tumor size were tested.RESULTS The models of B (a)P-inducedforestomach tumor in female mice wereestablished successfully. Some werecauliflower-like, others looked like papilla, evena few were formed into the ulcer cavities. VES at1.25 g/kg. b. w, 2.5 g/kg. b.w. by ig and 20 mg/kg. b. w. via ip could decrease the number oftumors per mouse (1.7 ± 0. 41, 1.6 ± 0.34 and 1.1±0.43), being lower than that of B(a)P group(5.4 ± 0.32, P＜0.05). The tumor incidence wasinhibited by 18.2%, 23.1% and 50.0%. VES at1.25g/kg.b.w., 2.5 g/ kg.b.w. by ig and20 mg/kg. b.w. via ip reduced the total volumeof tumors per mouse (54.8 ± 8.84, 28.4 ± 8.32and 23.9± 16.05), being significantly lower thanthat of B(a)P group (150.2±20.93, P＜0.01).The inhibitory rates were 63.5%, 81.1% and84.1%, respectively.CONCLUSION VES has inhibitory effects on B(a) P-induced forestomach carcinogenesis infemale mice, especially by ip and it may be apotential anti-cancer agent in vivo.
基金The National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2004CB418506)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20337010) the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2004AA649060)
文摘Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a] pyrene （BaP）. The characteristics of BaP degradation by both free and co-immobilized microorganism were then investigated and compared. The removal rate using the immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium was higher than that of the freely mobile mixed consortium. 95.3% of BaP was degraded using the co-immobilized system within 42 d, which was remarkably higher than the removal rate of that by the free strains. The optimal amount of inoculated co-immobilized system for BaP degradation was 2%. The immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium also showed better water stability than the free strains. Kinetics of BaP biodegradation by co-immobilized SF06 and SB02 were also studied. The results demonstrated that BaP degradation could be well described by a zero-order reaction rate equation when the initial BaP concentration was in the range of 10--200 mg/kg. The scanning electronic microscope （SEM） analysis showed that the co-immobilized microstructure was suitable for the growth of SF06 and SB02. The mass transmission process of co-immobilized system in soil is discussed. The results demonstrate the potential for employing the bacterial-fungal mixed consortium, co-immobilized on vermiculite, for in situ bioremediation of BaP.
基金The National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2004CB418506)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20337010) the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2004AA649060)
文摘The rates of photodegradation and photocatalysis of benzo [a]pyrene （BaP） on soil surfaces under UV light have been studied. Different parameters such as temperature, soil particle sizes, and soil depth responsible for photodegradation, catalyst loads and wavelength of UV irradiation blamed for photocatalysis have been monitored. The results obtained indicated that BaP photodegradation follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. BaP photodegradation was the fastest at 30℃ . The rates of BaP photodegradation at different soil particle size followed the order： less than 1 mm〉less than 0.45 mm〉less than 0.25 mm. When the soil depth increased from 1 mm to 4 ram, the half-life increased from 13.23 d to 17.73 d. The additions of TiO2 or Fe2O3 accelerated the photodegradation of BaP, and the photocatalysis of BaP follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Changes in catalyst loads of TiO2 （0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% （wt）） or Fe203 （2%, 5%, 7%, and 10% （wt）） did not significantly affect the degradation rates. Both BaP photocatalysis in the presence of TiO2 and Fe2O3 were the fastest at 254 nm UV irradiation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20447001, 40476049)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No. D0410007).
文摘It has been reported that there is an interaction between Benzo[a]pyrene （BaP）, a widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and tributyltin （TBT）, an organometal used as an antifouling biocide. This study was therefore designed to examine the potential in vivo influence of BaP, TBT and their mixture on splenic antioxidant defense systems of Sebastiscus marmoratus. The fish were exposed to water containing environmentally relevant concentrations of BaP, TBT and their mixture. Spleens were collected for biochemical analysis after exposure for 7, 25, 50 d and after recovery for 7, 20 d. Cotreatment with BaP and TBT for 7 d potentiated the induction of glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activity by BaP or TBT alone. The cotreatment for 25 and 50 d resulted in inhibition of GPx activity, which was similar to the effect of TBT. Splenic glutathione S-transferase （GST） activities were significantly elevated in S. marmoratus exposed to BaP starting from 7 d and remained high up to 25 d. However, no further activity change was found with prolonged exposure. Cotreatment of BaP and TBT primarily inhibited the GST activity, which was similar to the effect of TBT. Cotreatment with BaP and TBT for 25 or 50 d potentiated the depletion of GSH （glutathione） by BaP or TBT alone. MDA （malondialdehyde） contents in spleen of S. marmoratus were not significantly altered compared with the control during the test period. Spleen, as an immune organ, is sensitive to exposure of BaP or TBT. It should have an effective mechanism to counteract oxidative damage. Antioxidative defense systems in spleen of S. marmoratus should be considered as potential biomarkers. Short-term exposure of BaP or TBT could result in induction of antioxidant defense system. A significant decrease of these indices, such as GSH, GST, GPx might indicate more severe contamination.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (No 40206015, 30970106)the Fork Ying Tong Education Foundation (No 94002) the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province,China (No 2006A36502001, 2007A032600003)
文摘A bacterial strain BAP5 with a relatively high degradation ability of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） was isolated from marine sediments of Xiamen Western Sea, China and identified as Ochrobactrum sp. according to 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as Biolog microbial identification system. Strain BAP5 could grow in mineral salt medium with 50 mg/L of BaP and degrade about 20% BaP after 30 d of incubation. Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was able to utilize other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） （such as phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene） as the sole carbon source and energy source, suggesting its potential application in PAHs bioremediation. The profile of total soluble protein from Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was also investigated. Some over- and special-expressed proteins of strain BAP5 when incubated with the presence of BaP were detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and found to be related with PAHs metabolism, DNA translation, and energy production based on peptide fingerprint analysis through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) and the National Key Basic Research and Development Program to WT (2002 CB512905) by a collaborative exchange grant between the NNSFC and the CIHR of Canad
文摘Objective Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, is a potent procarcinogen and mutagen that can elicit tumors, leading to malignancy. Heat shock proteins (Hsp) have been shown to protect cells against damages caused by various stresses including exposure to numerous chemicals. Whether Hsps, or more specifically Hsp70, are involved in repair of B[a]P-induced DNA damage is currently unknown. Methods We assessed the potential role of the inducible form of Hsp70 in B[a]P-induced DNA damage of human embryonic lung (HEL) cells using immunoblot and the comet assay (i.e., the single cell gel electrophoresis assay). Results Exposure to B[a]P induced a dose-dependent decrease in the level of Hsp70, but a dose-dependent +-increase in DNA damage both in untreated (control) HEL cells and in cells preconditioned by a heat treatment. Heat preconditioning prior to B[a]P exposure potentiated the effect of B[a]P at a low dose (10 μmol/L), but appeared to be protective at higher doses. There was a negative correlation between Hsp70 level and DNA damage in the non-preheated as well as in the preconditioned cells. Conclusion These data suggest that exposure of HEL cells to B[a]P may induce a dose-dependent reduction in the levels of the inducible Hsp70. The detailed mechanisms for the reduction of Hsp70 levels by B[a]P and the role of Hsp70 in DNA damage under different concentrations of B[a]P remains to be determined.
基金TheN ationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No.40476049)andtheStateKeyLaboratoryofM arineEnvironm entalScience(X iam enU niversity),China(No.M EL201)
文摘Tributyltin（TBT）, an organometal used as an antifouling biocide, has been reported to induce masculinization of fish. Benzo [a]pyrene （BaP）, a widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, has been reported that its microsomal metabolites can produce an estrogenic response when tested in vitro. This study was therefore designed to examine the potential in vivo influence of TBT, BaP and their mixture on sex hormone levels in serum of Sebastiscus marmoratus, which were given 2 separate intraperitoneally （ip） injections（a single injection every 7 d） of TBT（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）, BaP（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）, or both in combination（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）; control fish received olive oil vehicle only. Six days after the 2nd injection, serum samples were collected and analyzed for sex hormone levels and alkali labile protein phosphorus （ALPP）, which is related to the yolk precursor protein vitellogenin. The pollutants at all doses significantly reduced serum testosterone, estradiol and ALPP content after 2 injections compared with the corresponding controls. The reduction of the estradiol levels should be response for the decrease of the vitellogenin levels. The results in the present study suggested that aromatase seems not the major target acted by TBT and BaP in fish. This study demonstrated that TBT or BaP exposure both inhibit the reproductive potential in female Sebastiscus marmoratus. Combined effect of TBT and BaP on the serum testosterone, estradiol and ALPP was not antagonism from the anticipation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41071210,20890111)the National High-Tech Research and Development(863)Program of China(No.2012AA06A203)+1 种基金the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang(No.R5100105)the Doctoral Fund of the Ministry of Education of China(No.J20091588)
文摘The effects of interspecific fungal interactions between Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium on laccase activity and enzymatic oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)were investigated.A deadlock between the two mycelia rather than replacement of one fungus by another was observed on an agar medium.The laccase activity in crude enzyme extracts from interaction zones reached a maximum after a 5-day incubation,which was significantly higher than that from regions of T.versicolor or P.chrysosporium alone.The enhanced induction of laccase activity lasted longer in half nutrition than in normal nutrition.A higher potential to oxidize benzo[a]pyrene by a crude enzyme preparation extracted from the interaction zones was demonstrated.After a 48 hr incubation period,the oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene by crude enzyme extracts from interaction zones reached 26.2%,while only 9.5%of benzo[a]pyrene was oxidized by crude extracts from T.versicolor.The oxidation was promoted by the co-oxidant 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate diammonium salt(ABTS).These findings indicate that the application of co-culturing of white-rot fungi in bioremediation is a potential ameliorating technique for the restoration of PAH-contaminated soil.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20962007)the Creative Talents Plan of Hainan University 211 Project
文摘Two compounds,3-oxo-N-o-tolylbenzo[d]isothiazole-2（3H）-carboxamide （1） and N-（2-methoxyphenyl）-3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazole-2（3H）-carboxamide （2）,were synthesized from the initial compound benzo[d]isothiazol-3（2H）-one （BIT） and characterized by 1 H NMR,IR and elemental analysis,respectively.The single crystals of compounds 1 and 2 were obtained and determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.The preliminary results of biological activity experiment show that some of the title compounds exhibited a favorable antimicrobial activity.
