Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model(HBM)-based electronic education program combined with individualized supervised exercise in improving exercise adherence and pregnancy...Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model(HBM)-based electronic education program combined with individualized supervised exercise in improving exercise adherence and pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational hypertension.Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 2024 to February 2025 at a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen,China.A total of 142 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertension were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group.The experimental group received routine antenatal care plus a 6-week HBM-based e-education intervention delivered via a mobile application and short messaging service(SMS)reminders,complemented by individualized in-person exercise guidance.The control group received routine antenatal care only.After the 6-week intervention,outcomes were assessed using the 6-min walk test,a disease knowledge and attitudes questionnaire,and the Pregnancy Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale.Primary outcomes included exercise adherence,blood pressure control,incidence of preeclampsia,and other pregnancy-related outcomes.Results A total of 129 participants completed the study(the intervention group[n=65],the control group[n=64]).At 6 weeks post-intervention,the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements than the control group in exercise adherence,blood pressure control,preeclampsia incidence,disease-related knowledge and attitudes,and exercise self-efficacy(all P<0.05).Specifically,participants in the experimental group engaged in more frequent and longer-duration exercise sessions(P<0.05).Their blood pressure was maintained within a more stable and clinically optimal range(systolic:135.2±4.7 mmHg;diastolic:85.4±4.5 mmHg),which was significantly better than that of the control group(systolic:138.4±10.4 mmHg;diastolic:90.9±6.9 mmHg;P<0.05).The incidence of preeclampsia was also significantly lower in the experimental group(P<0.05).Additionally,scores for disease knowledge,attitudes,and exercise self-efficacy were higher in the experimental group(P<0.05).Within-group comparisons revealed that the experimental group showed significant improvements from baseline in exercise frequency,duration,total physical activity,and knowledge/attitude scores(P<0.05),whereas the control group showed no significant changes(P>0.05).Conclusion By embedding video-based education,real-time monitoring,and personalized support into routine prenatal care,this intervention facilitated positive behavioral changes in physical activity among pregnant women.The approach offers a scalable model for clinical nurses to delivering tailored remote exercise support for women with other pregnancy-related complications.展开更多
People that herd livestock for a living are known as herders,and they are found throughout Mongolia’s wild vast steppe.The purpose of the study is to investigate herder parents’belief systems for preparing the un-pr...People that herd livestock for a living are known as herders,and they are found throughout Mongolia’s wild vast steppe.The purpose of the study is to investigate herder parents’belief systems for preparing the un-preschooled children for schooling in the context of herder community in rural Mongolia.The belief systems of herder parents are shaped by three main characteristics:They lack a clear plan for their children’s education,are deeply concerned about it,and feel incapable of preparing their children for formal schooling.Herders’lives revolve around their livestock,and they must remain flexible,moving when necessary due to factors like water scarcity and poor grazing conditions caused by insufficient rain.While they desire better education for their children,the nomadic lifestyle makes it difficult to achieve.Herder parents’attitudes are contradictory;they want their children to be educated and live in urban areas,yet they also prefer them to become herders rather than educated but unemployed individuals.The hard work of herding makes them reluctant to pass it on to the next generation.展开更多
Complex evidence theory is a generalized Dempster-Shafer evidence theory,which has the ability to express uncertain information.One of the key issues is the uncertainty measure of Complex Basic Belief Assignment(CBBA)...Complex evidence theory is a generalized Dempster-Shafer evidence theory,which has the ability to express uncertain information.One of the key issues is the uncertainty measure of Complex Basic Belief Assignment(CBBA).However,the research on the uncertainty measure of complex evidence theory is still an open issue.Therefore,in this paper,first,the Fractal-based Complex Belief(FCB)entropy as a generalization of Fractal-based Belief(FB)entropy,which has superiority in uncertainty measurement of CBBA,is proposed.Second,on the basis of FCB entropy,we propose Fractal-based Supremum Complex Belief(FSCB)entropy and Fractal-based Infimum Complex Belief(FICB)entropy,with FSCB entropy as the upper bound and FICB entropy as the lower bound.They are collectively called the proposed FCB entropy.Furthermore,we analyze the properties,physical interpretation and numerical examples to prove the rationality of the proposed method.Finally,a practical information fusion application is proposed to prove that the proposed FCB entropy can reasonably measure the uncertainty of CBBA.The results show that,the proposed FCB entropy can handle the uncertainty measure of CBBA,which can be a reasonable way for uncertainty measure in complex evidence theory.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)remains a serious and potentially preventable complication among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM),particularly in Saudi Arabia.Psychological constructs such as perceive...BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)remains a serious and potentially preventable complication among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM),particularly in Saudi Arabia.Psychological constructs such as perceived severity and susceptibility influence health behaviour,yet their role in pediatric diabetes management remains underexplored.AIM To examine psychological predictors of DKA in children with T1DM using the health belief model,and to assess the role of caregiver-perceived understanding in influencing adherence and DKA occurrence.METHODS A case-control study was conducted at Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,involving 191 caregivers of children with T1DM(96 cases with a history of DKA and 95 controls without).Validated questionnaires measured perceived severity,susceptibility,understanding,and adherence.Statistical analyses included independent t-tests,Pearson and Spearman correlations,and multiple regression.RESULTS Perceived understanding was the strongest predictor of adherence(β=1.03,P<0.001)and was inversely associated with DKA occurrence(P<0.001).Children without a DKA history had significantly higher levels of perceived understanding and adherence.Perceived severity had a moderate positive association with adherence,while perceived susceptibility showed a weak negative correlation.CONCLUSION Caregiver-perceived understanding plays a critical role in adherence and DKA prevention.These findings support expanding the health belief model to include perceived understanding as a distinct construct and highlight the importance of integrating comprehension-focused strategies into pediatric diabetes education.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dysfunctional beliefs about sleep may influence academic performance through their impact on sleep quality.Differences in chronotype can further moderate this relationship,particularly among students with i...BACKGROUND Dysfunctional beliefs about sleep may influence academic performance through their impact on sleep quality.Differences in chronotype can further moderate this relationship,particularly among students with irregular sleep patterns.AIM To examine the indirect effects of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep on academic performance through sleep quality while considering individual differences in chronotypes among medical students.METHODS The participants were categorized by chronotype and administered the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and reported their grade point averages(GPAs).Mediation analysis was performed to examine indirect pathways through sleep quality.RESULTS Dysfunctional sleep beliefs did not directly affect academic success but indirectly impaired GPA via reduced sleep quality,especially in evening-type students.CONCLUSION Chronotype moderates the relationship between sleep quality and academic performance, highlighting the need for targeted cognitive interventions.展开更多
Thermal Protection System(TPS)with thick tiles,low thermal conductivity,and a short re-entry stage stands as a critical element within reusable aircraft,whose reliability is related to the function and changes with th...Thermal Protection System(TPS)with thick tiles,low thermal conductivity,and a short re-entry stage stands as a critical element within reusable aircraft,whose reliability is related to the function and changes with their physical properties,external conditions,and degradation.Meanwhile,due to the limitation of testing resources,epistemic uncertainties stemming from the small samples are present in TPS reliability modeling.However,current TPS reliability modeling methods face challenges in characterizing the relationships among reliability and physical properties,external conditions,degradation,and epistemic uncertainties.Therefore,under the framework of belief reliability theory,a TPS reliability model is constructed,which takes into account the physical principle,external conditions,performance degradation,and epistemic uncertainties.A reliability simulation algorithm is proposed to calculate TPS reliability.Through a case study and comparison analysis,the proposed method is validated as more effective than the existing method.Additionally,reliability sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the sensitive factors of reliability under the condition of small samples,through which suggestions are provided for TPS functional design and improvement.展开更多
COMPUTATIONAL knowledge vision[1]is emphasized as a novel perspective or field in this paper.It first proposes the visual hierarchy and its connection to knowledge,stating that knowledge is a justified true belief.To ...COMPUTATIONAL knowledge vision[1]is emphasized as a novel perspective or field in this paper.It first proposes the visual hierarchy and its connection to knowledge,stating that knowledge is a justified true belief.To further the previous research,we concisely summarize our recent works and suggest a new direction that knowledge is also a thought framework in vision.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of narrative nursing combined with exercise training on health beliefs and cardiac rehabilitation in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)after interventional treatment.Methods...Objective:To explore the effect of narrative nursing combined with exercise training on health beliefs and cardiac rehabilitation in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)after interventional treatment.Methods:A total of 111 patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)who received interventional therapy in Department of Cardiology of Hefei First People’s Hospital from January 2022 to September 2023 were selected as the study subjects.They were randomly divided into a control group(n=55)and a study group(n=56)using a random table method.Both groups received routine nursing care,while the control group received exercise training on top of it.The study group received narrative nursing care on top of the control group.Both groups were intervened until the patients were discharged.The health beliefs,heart function,psychological status,and quality of life after intervention were compared between two groups using a 6-minute walk test(6MWT).Results:After intervention,the scores of the TSK-SV Heart in all dimensions(fear of movement,functional disorders,risk perception,and avoidance of movement)decreased in both groups,and the study group was lower than the control group,with a statistical significant difference(P<0.05).After intervention,the scores of the Self Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self Rating Depression Scale(SDS)in both groups decreased,and the study group was lower than the control group,with a statistical significant difference(P<0.05).After intervention,both groups showed an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and left ventricular early diastolic peak flow velocity/left ventricular late diastolic peak flow velocity(E/A),with the study group being higher than the control group.The left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD)and left atrial volume index(LAVI)decreased,and the study group was lower than the control group,with statistical significant differences(P<0.05).The walking distance of the study group at 6MWT(488.8±31.4)m was greater than that of the control group(425.54±30.7)m,with statistical significant differences(P<0.05).The quality of life measurement scale(CROQ-PTCA-Post)of the study group after coronary intervention treatment had higher scores in all dimensions(physical function,satisfaction,psychosocial function,adverse reactions,symptoms,cognitive function)than the control group,with statistical significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:Narrative nursing combined with exercise training can enhance the health beliefs of AMI patients towards exercise training after intervention therapy,which is beneficial for cardiac rehabilitation and can improve psychological status and quality of life.展开更多
Objectives:Suicidal ideation is a strong predictor of suicide deaths,which refers to the consideration or desire to give up one's own life.Left-behind children in rural China are more vulnerable to psychological p...Objectives:Suicidal ideation is a strong predictor of suicide deaths,which refers to the consideration or desire to give up one's own life.Left-behind children in rural China are more vulnerable to psychological problems and suicidal ideation compared to their non-left-behind peers.The aim of the current study was to examine two potential protective factors,negotiable fate belief and coping self-efficacy,and to test the mediating role of coping self-efficacy in the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation.We also analyzed gender differences in this mediation model.Methods:Across-sectional survey was conducted in rural areas ofChina.A sample of 526 left-behind children(285 males,54.18%;241 females,45.82%;Meanage=13.29 years,SD=0.97 years)was recruited to complete the Negotiable Fate Belief Scale,Coping Self-Efficacy Scale,and the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory-Negative Scale.We used structural equation modeling to test the mediation model and multigroup analysis to test the moderation effect of gender.Results:Negotiable fate belief is negatively correlated with suicidal ideation(r=-0.13,p<0.01).Moreover,coping self-efficacy mediates the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation(β=-0.06,95%confidence interval(CI)[-0.12,-0.02]),accounting for 35.29%of the total effect.Finally,the mediating effect of coping self-efficacy was found to be significant only for female left-behind children(male:95%CI[-0.09,0.07];female:95%CI[-0.16,-0.01]).For female left-behind children,the mediating effect was complete,with a coefficient of-0.06,accounting for 85.71%of the total effect.Conclusions:The relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation among rural left-behind children is mediated by coping self-efficacy,and this mediation effect was moderated by gender.This study provides a theoretical explanation for how cultivating the belief in negotiable fate and coping self-efficacy is effective for reducing suicidal ideation of rural left-behind children.展开更多
In this paper,the transferable belief model established on power sets is extended to the permutation event space(PES)and is referred to as the layer-2 transferable belief model.Our goal is to provide a comprehensive a...In this paper,the transferable belief model established on power sets is extended to the permutation event space(PES)and is referred to as the layer-2 transferable belief model.Our goal is to provide a comprehensive approach for handling and modeling uncertainty,capable of representing both quantitative and qualitative information.First,the motivation for proposing the layer-2 transferable belief model and its information processing principles are explored from the perspective of weak propensity.Then,based on these principles,the corresponding information processing methods for the credal and pignistic levels are developed.Finally,the advantages of this model are validated through a classifier that leverages attribute fusion to enhance performance and decision-making accuracy.展开更多
Delay aware routing is now widely used to provide efficient network transmission. However, for newly developing or developed mobile communication networks(MCN), only limited delay data can be obtained. In such a netwo...Delay aware routing is now widely used to provide efficient network transmission. However, for newly developing or developed mobile communication networks(MCN), only limited delay data can be obtained. In such a network, the delay is with epistemic uncertainty, which makes the traditional routing scheme based on deterministic theory or probability theory not applicable. Motivated by this problem, the MCN with epistemic uncertainty is first summarized as a dynamic uncertain network based on uncertainty theory, which is widely applied to model epistemic uncertainties. Then by modeling the uncertain end-toend delay, a new delay bounded routing scheme is proposed to find the path with the maximum belief degree that satisfies the delay threshold for the dynamic uncertain network. Finally, a lowEarth-orbit satellite communication network(LEO-SCN) is used as a case to verify the effectiveness of our routing scheme. It is first modeled as a dynamic uncertain network, and then the delay bounded paths with the maximum belief degree are computed and compared under different delay thresholds.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the current beliefs and attitudes of nurses in Yunnan Province toward prescriptive authority, analyze the influencing factors, and provide evidence for future research and policy formulation ...Objective: To investigate the current beliefs and attitudes of nurses in Yunnan Province toward prescriptive authority, analyze the influencing factors, and provide evidence for future research and policy formulation to support the establishment of nurses’ prescriptive authority in China. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 937 nurses in Yunnan Province using the Beliefs and Attitudes Scale on Nurses’ Prescriptive Authority. The scale assessed four dimensions: perceived need, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the overall score and each dimension. Results: The total score of the Beliefs and Attitudes Scale was 89.17 ± 17.69, indicating a moderate level of awareness and positive attitude among nurses. The highest-scoring dimension was perceived benefits (34.94 ± 8.04), while the lowest was perceived barriers (15.23 ± 3.5). Age was identified as a significant factor influencing the overall score and self-efficacy dimension (P < 0.05). Years of practice influenced the perceived benefits dimension (P = 0.051), while gender, age, and professional title were key factors affecting the perceived barriers dimension (P < 0.05). Male nurses and senior nurses demonstrated more caution toward potential risks associated with prescriptive authority. Conclusion: Nurses in Yunnan Province exhibit moderate levels of belief in and attitudes toward prescriptive authority, with age being the most significant influencing factor. Tailored training programs, policy promotion, and practical guidance are recommended to enhance nurses’ understanding and support for prescriptive authority, thereby improving nursing practices and addressing regional healthcare challenges.展开更多
Background:Obesity remains a major global health challenge,closely linked to individuals'health beliefs and lifestyle behaviors.Descriptive and relational research methods were used to ascertain the correlation be...Background:Obesity remains a major global health challenge,closely linked to individuals'health beliefs and lifestyle behaviors.Descriptive and relational research methods were used to ascertain the correlation between health beliefs and healthy lifestyle behaviors in obese individuals based on the Health Belief Model.Methods:The population of the research are obese individuals who are treated in the internal medicine clinic in a state hospital in Diyarbakır and applied to a dietitian.Based on power analysis,the study’s sample consisted of 192 obese people.The health belief model scale in obese individuals(HBMSO),the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II(HLBS-II),and the Personal Information Form were used to gather the data.The data was evaluated using the following methods:mean,standard deviation,linear regression analysis,Mann-Whitney U test,Kruskal-Wallis test,Shapiro Wilk and Kolmogorov Smirnov tests,post-hoc Dunn-Benferronni tests,Pearson and Spearman correlation,and others.Results:It was determined that 26.0%of obese individuals were in the 46–55 age range,63.5%were female,64.6%were married,60.4%had a BMI in the range of 30–34.9 kg/m^(2),and 42.7%partially exercised.All sub-dimensions and HBMSO sub-dimensions had statistically significant correlation with the HLBS-II total score.The linear regression analysis results used to identify the predictors of the HLBS-II total score showed that the increase in the level of education and the HBMSO“Importance of Health”sub-dimension score increased the HLBS-II total score,while not exercising and an increase in the HBMSO“Obstacle Perception”sub-dimension score decreased the HLBS-II total score.Conclusion:Individuals’health attitudes have a major impact on leading a healthy lifestyle,which is consistent with the research results.展开更多
The Wuding River Basin,situated in the Loess Plateau of northern China,is an ecologically fragile region facing severe soil erosion and imbalanced ecosystem service(ES)functions.However,the mechanisms driving the spat...The Wuding River Basin,situated in the Loess Plateau of northern China,is an ecologically fragile region facing severe soil erosion and imbalanced ecosystem service(ES)functions.However,the mechanisms driving the spatiotemporal evolution of ES functions,as well as the trade-offs and synergies among these functions,remain poorly understood,constraining effective watershed-scale management.To address this challenge,this study quantified four ES functions,i.e.,water yield(WY),carbon storage(CS),habitat quality(HQ),and soil conservation(SC)in the Wuding River Basin from 1990 to 2020 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoff(InVEST)model,and proposed an innovative integration of InVEST with a Bayesian Belief Network(BBN)to nonlinearly identify trade-off and synergy relationships among ES functions through probabilistic inference.A trade-off and synergy index(TSI)was developed to assess the spatial interaction intensity among ES functions,while sensitivity and scenario analyses were employed to determine key driving factors,followed by spatial optimization to delineate functional zones.Results revealed distinct spatiotemporal variations:WY increased from 98.69 to 120.52 mm;SC rose to an average of 3.05×10^(4) t/hm^(2);CS remained relatively stable(about 15.50 t/km^(2));and HQ averaged 0.51 with localized declines.The BBN achieved a high accuracy of 81.9%and effectively identified strong synergies between WY and SC,as well as between CS and HQ,while clear trade-offs were observed between WY and SC versus CS and HQ.Sensitivity analysis indicated precipitation(variance reduction of 9.4%),land use(9.8%),and vegetation cover(9.1%)as key driving factors.Spatial optimization further showed that core supply and ecological regulation zones are concentrated in the central-southern and southeastern basin,while ecological strengthening and optimization core zones dominate the central-northern and southeastern margins,highlighting strong spatial heterogeneity.Overall,this study advances ES research by combining process-based quantification with probabilistic modeling,offering a robust framework for studying nonlinear interactions,driving mechanisms,and optimization strategies,and providing a transferable paradigm for watershed-scale ES management and ecological planning in arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
Pregnancy health education is of great significance for the health of both mothers and infants,and the Health Belief Model(HBM)provides a key theoretical framework for it.The HBM consists of six constructs:perceived s...Pregnancy health education is of great significance for the health of both mothers and infants,and the Health Belief Model(HBM)provides a key theoretical framework for it.The HBM consists of six constructs:perceived susceptibility,severity,benefits,barriers,cues to action,and self-efficacy.It can facilitate the transformation from“knowing”to“believing”and then to“acting”for pregnant women.Pregnancy health education based on the HBM can improve maternal and infant health outcomes,enhance specific health knowledge and safe behaviors,and promote the establishment of healthy lifestyles.Its intervention implementation involves assessment,planning,implementation,and re-assessment processes,and the educational content needs to be constructed according to the characteristics of the early,middle,and late stages of pregnancy.However,the application of the HBM faces challenges such as cultural adaptability,digital integration,and the lack of long-term effect evaluation.In the future,targeted optimization is needed to improve the pregnancy health education system and ensure maternal and infant health.展开更多
The social progress index(SPI)measures social and environmental performance beyond traditional economic indicators,providing transparent and actionable insights into the true condition of societies.This study investig...The social progress index(SPI)measures social and environmental performance beyond traditional economic indicators,providing transparent and actionable insights into the true condition of societies.This study investigates the interdependencies among SPI components and their impact on country-level sustainability performance.Using a Bayesian Belief Network(BBN)approach,the analysis explores the interdependencies among 12 SPI components(including advanced education,basic education,environmental quality,freedom and choice,health,housing,inclusive society,information and communications,nutrition and medical care,rights and voice,safety,and water and sanitation)and their collective influence on sustainability performance.Data from the Sustainable Development Report and SPI datasets,covering 162 countries(including Australia,China,United Arab Emirates,United Kingdom,United States,and so on),were used to assess the relative importance of each SPI component.The key findings indicate that advanced education,inclusive society,and freedom and choice make substantial contributions to high sustainability performance,whereas deficiencies in nutrition and medical care,water and sanitation,and freedom and choice are associated with poor sustainability performance.The results reveal that sustainability performance is shaped by a network of interlinked SPI components,with education and inclusion emerging as key levers for progress.The study emphasizes that targeted improvements in specific SPI components can significantly enhance a country’s overall sustainability performance.Rather than visualizing countries’progress through composite indicator-based heat maps,this study explores the interdependencies among SPI components and their role in sustainability performance at the global level.The study underscores the importance of a multidimensional policy approach that addresses social and environmental factors to enhance sustainability.The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how SPI components interact and shape sustainable development.展开更多
The belief rule-based(BRB)system has been popular in complexity system modeling due to its good interpretability.However,the current mainstream optimization methods of the BRB systems only focus on modeling accuracy b...The belief rule-based(BRB)system has been popular in complexity system modeling due to its good interpretability.However,the current mainstream optimization methods of the BRB systems only focus on modeling accuracy but ignore the interpretability.The single-objective optimization strategy has been applied in the interpretability-accuracy trade-off by inte-grating accuracy and interpretability into an optimization objec-tive.But the integration has a greater impact on optimization results with strong subjectivity.Thus,a multi-objective optimiza-tion framework in the modeling of BRB systems with inter-pretability-accuracy trade-off is proposed in this paper.Firstly,complexity and accuracy are taken as two independent opti-mization goals,and uniformity as a constraint to give the mathe-matical description.Secondly,a classical multi-objective opti-mization algorithm,nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II),is utilized as an optimization tool to give a set of BRB systems with different accuracy and complexity.Finally,a pipeline leakage detection case is studied to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed multi-objective optimization.The comparison illustrates that the proposed multi-objective optimization framework can effectively avoid the subjectivity of single-objective optimization,and has capability of joint optimiz-ing the structure and parameters of BRB systems with inter-pretability-accuracy trade-off.展开更多
The present investigation aims to explore the existence of differences of beliefs about learning English held by Chinese non-English major university students and their teachers of English in the southwest of China. T...The present investigation aims to explore the existence of differences of beliefs about learning English held by Chinese non-English major university students and their teachers of English in the southwest of China. Two questionnaires were used to collect the data. Chi-square （Z2） tests were used to analyze the quantitative data from both students＇ and teachers＇ questionnaires. The results of the chi-square （Z2） tests revealed that 34 out of 44 （plus 2 additional） items of beliefs varied significantly between teachers and students.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515011703).
文摘Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model(HBM)-based electronic education program combined with individualized supervised exercise in improving exercise adherence and pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational hypertension.Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 2024 to February 2025 at a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen,China.A total of 142 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertension were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group.The experimental group received routine antenatal care plus a 6-week HBM-based e-education intervention delivered via a mobile application and short messaging service(SMS)reminders,complemented by individualized in-person exercise guidance.The control group received routine antenatal care only.After the 6-week intervention,outcomes were assessed using the 6-min walk test,a disease knowledge and attitudes questionnaire,and the Pregnancy Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale.Primary outcomes included exercise adherence,blood pressure control,incidence of preeclampsia,and other pregnancy-related outcomes.Results A total of 129 participants completed the study(the intervention group[n=65],the control group[n=64]).At 6 weeks post-intervention,the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements than the control group in exercise adherence,blood pressure control,preeclampsia incidence,disease-related knowledge and attitudes,and exercise self-efficacy(all P<0.05).Specifically,participants in the experimental group engaged in more frequent and longer-duration exercise sessions(P<0.05).Their blood pressure was maintained within a more stable and clinically optimal range(systolic:135.2±4.7 mmHg;diastolic:85.4±4.5 mmHg),which was significantly better than that of the control group(systolic:138.4±10.4 mmHg;diastolic:90.9±6.9 mmHg;P<0.05).The incidence of preeclampsia was also significantly lower in the experimental group(P<0.05).Additionally,scores for disease knowledge,attitudes,and exercise self-efficacy were higher in the experimental group(P<0.05).Within-group comparisons revealed that the experimental group showed significant improvements from baseline in exercise frequency,duration,total physical activity,and knowledge/attitude scores(P<0.05),whereas the control group showed no significant changes(P>0.05).Conclusion By embedding video-based education,real-time monitoring,and personalized support into routine prenatal care,this intervention facilitated positive behavioral changes in physical activity among pregnant women.The approach offers a scalable model for clinical nurses to delivering tailored remote exercise support for women with other pregnancy-related complications.
文摘People that herd livestock for a living are known as herders,and they are found throughout Mongolia’s wild vast steppe.The purpose of the study is to investigate herder parents’belief systems for preparing the un-preschooled children for schooling in the context of herder community in rural Mongolia.The belief systems of herder parents are shaped by three main characteristics:They lack a clear plan for their children’s education,are deeply concerned about it,and feel incapable of preparing their children for formal schooling.Herders’lives revolve around their livestock,and they must remain flexible,moving when necessary due to factors like water scarcity and poor grazing conditions caused by insufficient rain.While they desire better education for their children,the nomadic lifestyle makes it difficult to achieve.Herder parents’attitudes are contradictory;they want their children to be educated and live in urban areas,yet they also prefer them to become herders rather than educated but unemployed individuals.The hard work of herding makes them reluctant to pass it on to the next generation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62473067)Chongqing Talents: Exceptional Young Talents Project, China (No. cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0070)Chongqing Overseas Scholars Innovation Program, China (No. cx2022024)
文摘Complex evidence theory is a generalized Dempster-Shafer evidence theory,which has the ability to express uncertain information.One of the key issues is the uncertainty measure of Complex Basic Belief Assignment(CBBA).However,the research on the uncertainty measure of complex evidence theory is still an open issue.Therefore,in this paper,first,the Fractal-based Complex Belief(FCB)entropy as a generalization of Fractal-based Belief(FB)entropy,which has superiority in uncertainty measurement of CBBA,is proposed.Second,on the basis of FCB entropy,we propose Fractal-based Supremum Complex Belief(FSCB)entropy and Fractal-based Infimum Complex Belief(FICB)entropy,with FSCB entropy as the upper bound and FICB entropy as the lower bound.They are collectively called the proposed FCB entropy.Furthermore,we analyze the properties,physical interpretation and numerical examples to prove the rationality of the proposed method.Finally,a practical information fusion application is proposed to prove that the proposed FCB entropy can reasonably measure the uncertainty of CBBA.The results show that,the proposed FCB entropy can handle the uncertainty measure of CBBA,which can be a reasonable way for uncertainty measure in complex evidence theory.
基金Supported by the Ongoing Research Funding Program at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,No.ORF-2025-1315.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)remains a serious and potentially preventable complication among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM),particularly in Saudi Arabia.Psychological constructs such as perceived severity and susceptibility influence health behaviour,yet their role in pediatric diabetes management remains underexplored.AIM To examine psychological predictors of DKA in children with T1DM using the health belief model,and to assess the role of caregiver-perceived understanding in influencing adherence and DKA occurrence.METHODS A case-control study was conducted at Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,involving 191 caregivers of children with T1DM(96 cases with a history of DKA and 95 controls without).Validated questionnaires measured perceived severity,susceptibility,understanding,and adherence.Statistical analyses included independent t-tests,Pearson and Spearman correlations,and multiple regression.RESULTS Perceived understanding was the strongest predictor of adherence(β=1.03,P<0.001)and was inversely associated with DKA occurrence(P<0.001).Children without a DKA history had significantly higher levels of perceived understanding and adherence.Perceived severity had a moderate positive association with adherence,while perceived susceptibility showed a weak negative correlation.CONCLUSION Caregiver-perceived understanding plays a critical role in adherence and DKA prevention.These findings support expanding the health belief model to include perceived understanding as a distinct construct and highlight the importance of integrating comprehension-focused strategies into pediatric diabetes education.
文摘BACKGROUND Dysfunctional beliefs about sleep may influence academic performance through their impact on sleep quality.Differences in chronotype can further moderate this relationship,particularly among students with irregular sleep patterns.AIM To examine the indirect effects of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep on academic performance through sleep quality while considering individual differences in chronotypes among medical students.METHODS The participants were categorized by chronotype and administered the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and reported their grade point averages(GPAs).Mediation analysis was performed to examine indirect pathways through sleep quality.RESULTS Dysfunctional sleep beliefs did not directly affect academic success but indirectly impaired GPA via reduced sleep quality,especially in evening-type students.CONCLUSION Chronotype moderates the relationship between sleep quality and academic performance, highlighting the need for targeted cognitive interventions.
基金supported by the steady supports scientific research of Key Laboratory of Defense Science and Technology,China(No.WDZC20220105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51775020,62073009,U20B2002)the Science Challenge Project,China(No.TZ2018007)。
文摘Thermal Protection System(TPS)with thick tiles,low thermal conductivity,and a short re-entry stage stands as a critical element within reusable aircraft,whose reliability is related to the function and changes with their physical properties,external conditions,and degradation.Meanwhile,due to the limitation of testing resources,epistemic uncertainties stemming from the small samples are present in TPS reliability modeling.However,current TPS reliability modeling methods face challenges in characterizing the relationships among reliability and physical properties,external conditions,degradation,and epistemic uncertainties.Therefore,under the framework of belief reliability theory,a TPS reliability model is constructed,which takes into account the physical principle,external conditions,performance degradation,and epistemic uncertainties.A reliability simulation algorithm is proposed to calculate TPS reliability.Through a case study and comparison analysis,the proposed method is validated as more effective than the existing method.Additionally,reliability sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the sensitive factors of reliability under the condition of small samples,through which suggestions are provided for TPS functional design and improvement.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China(62303361)in part by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(623QN266)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:233110002)in part by the University-Industry Collaborative Education Program(231002531131826)in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018AAA0101502)
文摘COMPUTATIONAL knowledge vision[1]is emphasized as a novel perspective or field in this paper.It first proposes the visual hierarchy and its connection to knowledge,stating that knowledge is a justified true belief.To further the previous research,we concisely summarize our recent works and suggest a new direction that knowledge is also a thought framework in vision.
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of narrative nursing combined with exercise training on health beliefs and cardiac rehabilitation in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)after interventional treatment.Methods:A total of 111 patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)who received interventional therapy in Department of Cardiology of Hefei First People’s Hospital from January 2022 to September 2023 were selected as the study subjects.They were randomly divided into a control group(n=55)and a study group(n=56)using a random table method.Both groups received routine nursing care,while the control group received exercise training on top of it.The study group received narrative nursing care on top of the control group.Both groups were intervened until the patients were discharged.The health beliefs,heart function,psychological status,and quality of life after intervention were compared between two groups using a 6-minute walk test(6MWT).Results:After intervention,the scores of the TSK-SV Heart in all dimensions(fear of movement,functional disorders,risk perception,and avoidance of movement)decreased in both groups,and the study group was lower than the control group,with a statistical significant difference(P<0.05).After intervention,the scores of the Self Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self Rating Depression Scale(SDS)in both groups decreased,and the study group was lower than the control group,with a statistical significant difference(P<0.05).After intervention,both groups showed an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and left ventricular early diastolic peak flow velocity/left ventricular late diastolic peak flow velocity(E/A),with the study group being higher than the control group.The left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD)and left atrial volume index(LAVI)decreased,and the study group was lower than the control group,with statistical significant differences(P<0.05).The walking distance of the study group at 6MWT(488.8±31.4)m was greater than that of the control group(425.54±30.7)m,with statistical significant differences(P<0.05).The quality of life measurement scale(CROQ-PTCA-Post)of the study group after coronary intervention treatment had higher scores in all dimensions(physical function,satisfaction,psychosocial function,adverse reactions,symptoms,cognitive function)than the control group,with statistical significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:Narrative nursing combined with exercise training can enhance the health beliefs of AMI patients towards exercise training after intervention therapy,which is beneficial for cardiac rehabilitation and can improve psychological status and quality of life.
基金funded by the 2023Laibin City Philosophy and Social Science Research Project(No.2023LBZS035)2024Guangxi Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(No.S202411546046X)2025 Research Project of Guangxi Science&Technology Normal University(No.GXKS2025YB020).
文摘Objectives:Suicidal ideation is a strong predictor of suicide deaths,which refers to the consideration or desire to give up one's own life.Left-behind children in rural China are more vulnerable to psychological problems and suicidal ideation compared to their non-left-behind peers.The aim of the current study was to examine two potential protective factors,negotiable fate belief and coping self-efficacy,and to test the mediating role of coping self-efficacy in the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation.We also analyzed gender differences in this mediation model.Methods:Across-sectional survey was conducted in rural areas ofChina.A sample of 526 left-behind children(285 males,54.18%;241 females,45.82%;Meanage=13.29 years,SD=0.97 years)was recruited to complete the Negotiable Fate Belief Scale,Coping Self-Efficacy Scale,and the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory-Negative Scale.We used structural equation modeling to test the mediation model and multigroup analysis to test the moderation effect of gender.Results:Negotiable fate belief is negatively correlated with suicidal ideation(r=-0.13,p<0.01).Moreover,coping self-efficacy mediates the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation(β=-0.06,95%confidence interval(CI)[-0.12,-0.02]),accounting for 35.29%of the total effect.Finally,the mediating effect of coping self-efficacy was found to be significant only for female left-behind children(male:95%CI[-0.09,0.07];female:95%CI[-0.16,-0.01]).For female left-behind children,the mediating effect was complete,with a coefficient of-0.06,accounting for 85.71%of the total effect.Conclusions:The relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation among rural left-behind children is mediated by coping self-efficacy,and this mediation effect was moderated by gender.This study provides a theoretical explanation for how cultivating the belief in negotiable fate and coping self-efficacy is effective for reducing suicidal ideation of rural left-behind children.
文摘In this paper,the transferable belief model established on power sets is extended to the permutation event space(PES)and is referred to as the layer-2 transferable belief model.Our goal is to provide a comprehensive approach for handling and modeling uncertainty,capable of representing both quantitative and qualitative information.First,the motivation for proposing the layer-2 transferable belief model and its information processing principles are explored from the perspective of weak propensity.Then,based on these principles,the corresponding information processing methods for the credal and pignistic levels are developed.Finally,the advantages of this model are validated through a classifier that leverages attribute fusion to enhance performance and decision-making accuracy.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (61773044,62073009)National key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering(WDZC2019601A301)。
文摘Delay aware routing is now widely used to provide efficient network transmission. However, for newly developing or developed mobile communication networks(MCN), only limited delay data can be obtained. In such a network, the delay is with epistemic uncertainty, which makes the traditional routing scheme based on deterministic theory or probability theory not applicable. Motivated by this problem, the MCN with epistemic uncertainty is first summarized as a dynamic uncertain network based on uncertainty theory, which is widely applied to model epistemic uncertainties. Then by modeling the uncertain end-toend delay, a new delay bounded routing scheme is proposed to find the path with the maximum belief degree that satisfies the delay threshold for the dynamic uncertain network. Finally, a lowEarth-orbit satellite communication network(LEO-SCN) is used as a case to verify the effectiveness of our routing scheme. It is first modeled as a dynamic uncertain network, and then the delay bounded paths with the maximum belief degree are computed and compared under different delay thresholds.
文摘Objective: To investigate the current beliefs and attitudes of nurses in Yunnan Province toward prescriptive authority, analyze the influencing factors, and provide evidence for future research and policy formulation to support the establishment of nurses’ prescriptive authority in China. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 937 nurses in Yunnan Province using the Beliefs and Attitudes Scale on Nurses’ Prescriptive Authority. The scale assessed four dimensions: perceived need, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the overall score and each dimension. Results: The total score of the Beliefs and Attitudes Scale was 89.17 ± 17.69, indicating a moderate level of awareness and positive attitude among nurses. The highest-scoring dimension was perceived benefits (34.94 ± 8.04), while the lowest was perceived barriers (15.23 ± 3.5). Age was identified as a significant factor influencing the overall score and self-efficacy dimension (P < 0.05). Years of practice influenced the perceived benefits dimension (P = 0.051), while gender, age, and professional title were key factors affecting the perceived barriers dimension (P < 0.05). Male nurses and senior nurses demonstrated more caution toward potential risks associated with prescriptive authority. Conclusion: Nurses in Yunnan Province exhibit moderate levels of belief in and attitudes toward prescriptive authority, with age being the most significant influencing factor. Tailored training programs, policy promotion, and practical guidance are recommended to enhance nurses’ understanding and support for prescriptive authority, thereby improving nursing practices and addressing regional healthcare challenges.
文摘Background:Obesity remains a major global health challenge,closely linked to individuals'health beliefs and lifestyle behaviors.Descriptive and relational research methods were used to ascertain the correlation between health beliefs and healthy lifestyle behaviors in obese individuals based on the Health Belief Model.Methods:The population of the research are obese individuals who are treated in the internal medicine clinic in a state hospital in Diyarbakır and applied to a dietitian.Based on power analysis,the study’s sample consisted of 192 obese people.The health belief model scale in obese individuals(HBMSO),the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II(HLBS-II),and the Personal Information Form were used to gather the data.The data was evaluated using the following methods:mean,standard deviation,linear regression analysis,Mann-Whitney U test,Kruskal-Wallis test,Shapiro Wilk and Kolmogorov Smirnov tests,post-hoc Dunn-Benferronni tests,Pearson and Spearman correlation,and others.Results:It was determined that 26.0%of obese individuals were in the 46–55 age range,63.5%were female,64.6%were married,60.4%had a BMI in the range of 30–34.9 kg/m^(2),and 42.7%partially exercised.All sub-dimensions and HBMSO sub-dimensions had statistically significant correlation with the HLBS-II total score.The linear regression analysis results used to identify the predictors of the HLBS-II total score showed that the increase in the level of education and the HBMSO“Importance of Health”sub-dimension score increased the HLBS-II total score,while not exercising and an increase in the HBMSO“Obstacle Perception”sub-dimension score decreased the HLBS-II total score.Conclusion:Individuals’health attitudes have a major impact on leading a healthy lifestyle,which is consistent with the research results.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Shaanxi Province Water Conservancy,China(2025slkj-10)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province,China(S2025-JC-QN-2416).
文摘The Wuding River Basin,situated in the Loess Plateau of northern China,is an ecologically fragile region facing severe soil erosion and imbalanced ecosystem service(ES)functions.However,the mechanisms driving the spatiotemporal evolution of ES functions,as well as the trade-offs and synergies among these functions,remain poorly understood,constraining effective watershed-scale management.To address this challenge,this study quantified four ES functions,i.e.,water yield(WY),carbon storage(CS),habitat quality(HQ),and soil conservation(SC)in the Wuding River Basin from 1990 to 2020 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoff(InVEST)model,and proposed an innovative integration of InVEST with a Bayesian Belief Network(BBN)to nonlinearly identify trade-off and synergy relationships among ES functions through probabilistic inference.A trade-off and synergy index(TSI)was developed to assess the spatial interaction intensity among ES functions,while sensitivity and scenario analyses were employed to determine key driving factors,followed by spatial optimization to delineate functional zones.Results revealed distinct spatiotemporal variations:WY increased from 98.69 to 120.52 mm;SC rose to an average of 3.05×10^(4) t/hm^(2);CS remained relatively stable(about 15.50 t/km^(2));and HQ averaged 0.51 with localized declines.The BBN achieved a high accuracy of 81.9%and effectively identified strong synergies between WY and SC,as well as between CS and HQ,while clear trade-offs were observed between WY and SC versus CS and HQ.Sensitivity analysis indicated precipitation(variance reduction of 9.4%),land use(9.8%),and vegetation cover(9.1%)as key driving factors.Spatial optimization further showed that core supply and ecological regulation zones are concentrated in the central-southern and southeastern basin,while ecological strengthening and optimization core zones dominate the central-northern and southeastern margins,highlighting strong spatial heterogeneity.Overall,this study advances ES research by combining process-based quantification with probabilistic modeling,offering a robust framework for studying nonlinear interactions,driving mechanisms,and optimization strategies,and providing a transferable paradigm for watershed-scale ES management and ecological planning in arid and semi-arid areas.
文摘Pregnancy health education is of great significance for the health of both mothers and infants,and the Health Belief Model(HBM)provides a key theoretical framework for it.The HBM consists of six constructs:perceived susceptibility,severity,benefits,barriers,cues to action,and self-efficacy.It can facilitate the transformation from“knowing”to“believing”and then to“acting”for pregnant women.Pregnancy health education based on the HBM can improve maternal and infant health outcomes,enhance specific health knowledge and safe behaviors,and promote the establishment of healthy lifestyles.Its intervention implementation involves assessment,planning,implementation,and re-assessment processes,and the educational content needs to be constructed according to the characteristics of the early,middle,and late stages of pregnancy.However,the application of the HBM faces challenges such as cultural adaptability,digital integration,and the lack of long-term effect evaluation.In the future,targeted optimization is needed to improve the pregnancy health education system and ensure maternal and infant health.
基金the resources and support provided by the American University of Sharjah to conduct this research
文摘The social progress index(SPI)measures social and environmental performance beyond traditional economic indicators,providing transparent and actionable insights into the true condition of societies.This study investigates the interdependencies among SPI components and their impact on country-level sustainability performance.Using a Bayesian Belief Network(BBN)approach,the analysis explores the interdependencies among 12 SPI components(including advanced education,basic education,environmental quality,freedom and choice,health,housing,inclusive society,information and communications,nutrition and medical care,rights and voice,safety,and water and sanitation)and their collective influence on sustainability performance.Data from the Sustainable Development Report and SPI datasets,covering 162 countries(including Australia,China,United Arab Emirates,United Kingdom,United States,and so on),were used to assess the relative importance of each SPI component.The key findings indicate that advanced education,inclusive society,and freedom and choice make substantial contributions to high sustainability performance,whereas deficiencies in nutrition and medical care,water and sanitation,and freedom and choice are associated with poor sustainability performance.The results reveal that sustainability performance is shaped by a network of interlinked SPI components,with education and inclusion emerging as key levers for progress.The study emphasizes that targeted improvements in specific SPI components can significantly enhance a country’s overall sustainability performance.Rather than visualizing countries’progress through composite indicator-based heat maps,this study explores the interdependencies among SPI components and their role in sustainability performance at the global level.The study underscores the importance of a multidimensional policy approach that addresses social and environmental factors to enhance sustainability.The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how SPI components interact and shape sustainable development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71901212)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2020RC4046).
文摘The belief rule-based(BRB)system has been popular in complexity system modeling due to its good interpretability.However,the current mainstream optimization methods of the BRB systems only focus on modeling accuracy but ignore the interpretability.The single-objective optimization strategy has been applied in the interpretability-accuracy trade-off by inte-grating accuracy and interpretability into an optimization objec-tive.But the integration has a greater impact on optimization results with strong subjectivity.Thus,a multi-objective optimiza-tion framework in the modeling of BRB systems with inter-pretability-accuracy trade-off is proposed in this paper.Firstly,complexity and accuracy are taken as two independent opti-mization goals,and uniformity as a constraint to give the mathe-matical description.Secondly,a classical multi-objective opti-mization algorithm,nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II),is utilized as an optimization tool to give a set of BRB systems with different accuracy and complexity.Finally,a pipeline leakage detection case is studied to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed multi-objective optimization.The comparison illustrates that the proposed multi-objective optimization framework can effectively avoid the subjectivity of single-objective optimization,and has capability of joint optimiz-ing the structure and parameters of BRB systems with inter-pretability-accuracy trade-off.
文摘The present investigation aims to explore the existence of differences of beliefs about learning English held by Chinese non-English major university students and their teachers of English in the southwest of China. Two questionnaires were used to collect the data. Chi-square （Z2） tests were used to analyze the quantitative data from both students＇ and teachers＇ questionnaires. The results of the chi-square （Z2） tests revealed that 34 out of 44 （plus 2 additional） items of beliefs varied significantly between teachers and students.
