BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a common problem in society,and bedtime procrastination(BtP)has become a significant cause of poor sleep among healthy individuals across various countries.AIM To study BtP,sleep behavi...BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a common problem in society,and bedtime procrastination(BtP)has become a significant cause of poor sleep among healthy individuals across various countries.AIM To study BtP,sleep behavior,and subjective well-being in the Indian population.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study.The recruited participants were evaluated using the BtP Scale,World Health Organzation-5 Well-Being index,Patient Health Ques-tionnaire-2,Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item,Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale.RESULTS A total of 401 participants were recruited for the study.Symptoms of anxiety were higher in the female participants compared to males.Among females,there was a significant positive correlation between BtP score with symptoms of anxiety(r=0.23)and depression(r=0.15)and a negative correlation with subjective wellbeing(r=-0.23).A significant negative correlation was found between the ages of women and BtP score(r=-0.15).Among the male participants,there was a significant negative correlation of age with BtP score(r=-0.3)and anxiety(r=-0.19).Here,too,the BtP score was positively correlated with depression(r=0.18)and anxiety(r=0.35).CONCLUSION BtP worsens anxiety,depression,sleep quality,and subjective well-being.It needs to be targeted for the promotion and prevention of mental health.展开更多
Objective:The importance of good sleep for energy recovery and overall physical and mental health cannot be overstated.However,the increasing competitiveness of society,diversifying lifestyles,and the rapid spread of ...Objective:The importance of good sleep for energy recovery and overall physical and mental health cannot be overstated.However,the increasing competitiveness of society,diversifying lifestyles,and the rapid spread of the internet and electronic devices have significantly impacted people’s sleep patterns,particularly through bedtime procrastination.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the relationship and underlying mechanisms between sleep determination,anxiety,and bedtime procrastination among the Chinese population.Method:The study utilized data from a national survey—the China Residents’Sleep Condition Survey(November 2021,with 6,037 participants).By constructing mediation and moderation models,it analyzed the relationship and mechanisms between sleep determination and bedtime procrastination,highlighting the dual role of anxiety:as a mediator between sleep determination and bedtime procrastination,and as a moderator of their relationship.Results:There was a negative correlation between sleep determination and bedtime procrastination;anxiety was related to an increase in bedtime procrastination behaviors;In the interplay between sleep determination and pre-bedtime procrastination,the regulatory effect of anxiety is found to be more pronounced than its intermediary role,with anxiety significantly diminishing the inverse relationship between sleep determination and procrastination before bedtime.Conclusion:Bedtime procrastination can lead to sleep issues,thus reducing sleep quality.Enhancing sleep determination or alleviating pre-sleep anxiety can help inhibit bedtime procrastination behaviors.Intervening and reducing bedtime procrastination is one of the effective measures to improve sleep quality.展开更多
Background Bedtime problems and night wakings are common in children under six,particularly in China.The current study summarizes the core tenets of the“Chinese guideline for the treatment of bedtime problems and nig...Background Bedtime problems and night wakings are common in children under six,particularly in China.The current study summarizes the core tenets of the“Chinese guideline for the treatment of bedtime problems and night wakings in children under 6 years of age(2023)”,and discusses the associated challenges and suggestions for practices relevant to both domestic and international contexts.Data sources This review draws on literature from Pub Med and Web of Science,published up to 2025,combined with evidence from the guide itself,as well as relevant consensus statements and expert recommendations.Results The guideline provides three strong recommendations,including behavioral intervention,early sleep hygiene education,and bedtime massage;four conditional recommendations under professional supervision,including separate sleeping arrangements,white noise,melatonin and iron supplementation;and three non-recommended interventions,including pacifier use,early complementary feeding,and daytime physical activity.Challenges in assessment and treatment involve the absence of standardized diagnostic criteria,reliance on subjective reports,multifactorial etiology with frequent comorbidities,and culturally embedded family sleep practices.Comprehensive evaluation requires integrating both subjective and objective measures while accounting for medical,behavioral,and environmental factors within cultural frameworks.Intervention should be individualized through shared decision-making with parents,combining modalities based on etiological profiling,with non-pharmacological strategies constituting first-line management.Conclusions Effective management for bedtime problems and night wakings in young children requires standardized tools,and culturally adaptable,and family-centered interventions according to evidence-based guidelines.Strengthening professional training and parental education is crucial for guideline implementation and improved pediatric sleep health.展开更多
Background This study compared multilevel factors associated with sleep duration and bedtime regularity in children with and without neurological and developmental disorders(NDD)using a nationally representative sampl...Background This study compared multilevel factors associated with sleep duration and bedtime regularity in children with and without neurological and developmental disorders(NDD)using a nationally representative sample.Methods We combined data from the 2016–2017,2018–2019,and 2020–2021 United States National Survey of Children's Health(NSCH),including 86,014 children aged 9–17 years.Parent-reported outcomes included adequate sleep duration(yes/no)and bedtime regularity(yes/no).We assessed the relationship between twenty independent individual,social,and environmental variables on the sleep outcomes.We used random survival forest decision trees to identify the five most predictive variables[in terms of variable importance(VIMP)].Regression analyses were then used to assess directionality and independent associations.Results A greater proportion of children with NDDs versus those who are typically developing(TD)had parent reports of not achieving adequate sleep duration(34.0%versus 30.9%,respectively)and bedtime regularity(18.8%versus 13.7%,respectively).For adequate sleep,achieving bedtime regularity,having more family meals together and older age emerged as the most important independent variables for both TD children and those with NDDs.For bedtime regularity,achieving adequate sleep,and having more family meals together were the most proximal independent variables for NDD and TD children.Conclusion Increasing the frequency of family meals and addressing both sleep duration and bedtime regularity may serve as key modifiable intervention targets to improve sleep health in children,including those with NDDs.展开更多
Background and Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of milk and banana given as a bedtime snack to patients with primary insomnia on sleep parameters and some biochemical parameters such as brain-derive...Background and Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of milk and banana given as a bedtime snack to patients with primary insomnia on sleep parameters and some biochemical parameters such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor,leptin,and ghrelin.Methods and S tudy Design:21 patients with insomnia who met the inclusion criteria participated in this study.The patients were divided into 3 parallel groups:banana,milk and control.The intervention group were given either 1 portion of banana or just 200 mL of whole-fat milk at bedtime.The c ontrol group did not consume any non-routine food.V enous blood samples were taken at b aseline and after the study from patients to measure brain-derived neurotrophic factor,leptin and ghrelin concentrations.S leep quality and architecture were determined by polysomnography and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index.Results:Pitts burg Sleep Quality Index scores of the banana and milk group were found to be lower after intervention(p<0.05).In terms of polysomnography,the total sleep time of the milk group was found to be significantly higher than baseline.Serum ghrelin concentration of the milk group decreased significantly compared to baseline.Conclu sions:Bedtime milk or banana intake was effective in dealing with insomnia.Foods rich in tryptophan,such as banana and milk,given at bedtime,may improve sleep parameters and appetite hormones.展开更多
My mother is a worker in a factory and she is very busy every day.After got1up at six o'clock,she brushes her teeth and washes her face.Then she does breakfast2for us.She often has breakfast at half past six and s...My mother is a worker in a factory and she is very busy every day.After got1up at six o'clock,she brushes her teeth and washes her face.Then she does breakfast2for us.She often has breakfast at half past six and she goes to work at seven.She works for eight hours every day.She often gets home at six thirty in the evening.Then she cooks dinner for us.After dinner,she watches TV or reads books for a while.Sometimes she helps me with my homework.She usually goes to bed about3twenty to eleven.展开更多
一、完形填空When my children were young,I used to read to them every evening before bed.One of their favorite stories was called Somebody Loves You,Mr.Hatch.Mr.Hatch lived a_1_life.
Objective:Examine effect of sleep duration on children’s risk of overweight and obesity;and study associations between activities in the last hour before bedtime and sleep outcomes(sleep duration,sleep quality,and sl...Objective:Examine effect of sleep duration on children’s risk of overweight and obesity;and study associations between activities in the last hour before bedtime and sleep outcomes(sleep duration,sleep quality,and sleep onset latency).Methods:Children’s data were recruited using a questionnaire survey from a nationally representative sample of children(n=10279)in China in 2013‒2016.Mixed-effects models were used to test associations among variables stratified by sex.Results:Sleep duration was positively associated with BMI in boys(β=0.04,P=0.021).Girls with short sleep durations(<8 h/d)tended to have higher BMI values than those with normal sleep durations(8‒9 h/d)(β=0.12,P=0.063).The top three activities were playing electronic devices(Factor 1),doing homework,and reading(combined as Factor 2).Factors 1 and 2 were both significantly associated with sleep duration(β=0.17,P<0.001;β=−0.26,P<0.001,respectively).Conclusion:Sleep duration seems to affect BMI in Chinese children.Using electronic devices and reading before bedtime influenced sleep duration.Good bedtime habits and sleep duration can help weight management in children.展开更多
<b>Backgrounds:</b> Sleepiness is reported to predict sleep quality, academic performance and self-regulation. This study aimed to discover determinants of sleepiness. <b>Methods:</b> On 2722 q...<b>Backgrounds:</b> Sleepiness is reported to predict sleep quality, academic performance and self-regulation. This study aimed to discover determinants of sleepiness. <b>Methods:</b> On 2722 questionnaires obtained from pupils in grades 5 - 12 in the Kanto district of Japan, lifestyle habits associated with sleepiness were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. <b>Results:</b> The rate of sleepy pupils (who feel sleepy during class as often and always) increased from elementary school (6.3%) to senior high school (42.4%) via junior high school (17.1%). Higher grade (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.28;95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 - 1.37;p < 0.001), later bedtime before school day (OR, 1.41;CI, 1.26 - 1.57;p < 0.001), longer non-school day screen time (OR, 1.27;CI, 1.16 - 1.40;p < 0.001), poor self-reported academic performance (OR, 1.41;CI, 1.24 - 1.60;p < 0.001), skipping breakfast (OR, 1.18;CI, 1.01 - 1.39;p = 0.041), earlier wake time on school day (OR, 0.84;CI, 0.71 - 0.98;p = 0.026), and higher after-school (OR, 1.03;CI, 1.02 - 1.04;p < 0.001) and physical activities (OR, 1.06;CL, 1.03 - 1.10;p < 0.001) were independently associated with sleepy pupils. <b>Conclusions:</b> To reduce adolescents’ sleepiness in the Kanto district of Japan, we recommend them to have adequate waking time, and to avoid late bedtime, breakfast skipping, excessive screen time, after-school activity, and physical activity. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm involvements of these recommended factors in sleepiness and both physical and mental health outcomes.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a common problem in society,and bedtime procrastination(BtP)has become a significant cause of poor sleep among healthy individuals across various countries.AIM To study BtP,sleep behavior,and subjective well-being in the Indian population.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study.The recruited participants were evaluated using the BtP Scale,World Health Organzation-5 Well-Being index,Patient Health Ques-tionnaire-2,Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item,Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale.RESULTS A total of 401 participants were recruited for the study.Symptoms of anxiety were higher in the female participants compared to males.Among females,there was a significant positive correlation between BtP score with symptoms of anxiety(r=0.23)and depression(r=0.15)and a negative correlation with subjective wellbeing(r=-0.23).A significant negative correlation was found between the ages of women and BtP score(r=-0.15).Among the male participants,there was a significant negative correlation of age with BtP score(r=-0.3)and anxiety(r=-0.19).Here,too,the BtP score was positively correlated with depression(r=0.18)and anxiety(r=0.35).CONCLUSION BtP worsens anxiety,depression,sleep quality,and subjective well-being.It needs to be targeted for the promotion and prevention of mental health.
文摘Objective:The importance of good sleep for energy recovery and overall physical and mental health cannot be overstated.However,the increasing competitiveness of society,diversifying lifestyles,and the rapid spread of the internet and electronic devices have significantly impacted people’s sleep patterns,particularly through bedtime procrastination.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the relationship and underlying mechanisms between sleep determination,anxiety,and bedtime procrastination among the Chinese population.Method:The study utilized data from a national survey—the China Residents’Sleep Condition Survey(November 2021,with 6,037 participants).By constructing mediation and moderation models,it analyzed the relationship and mechanisms between sleep determination and bedtime procrastination,highlighting the dual role of anxiety:as a mediator between sleep determination and bedtime procrastination,and as a moderator of their relationship.Results:There was a negative correlation between sleep determination and bedtime procrastination;anxiety was related to an increase in bedtime procrastination behaviors;In the interplay between sleep determination and pre-bedtime procrastination,the regulatory effect of anxiety is found to be more pronounced than its intermediary role,with anxiety significantly diminishing the inverse relationship between sleep determination and procrastination before bedtime.Conclusion:Bedtime procrastination can lead to sleep issues,thus reducing sleep quality.Enhancing sleep determination or alleviating pre-sleep anxiety can help inhibit bedtime procrastination behaviors.Intervening and reducing bedtime procrastination is one of the effective measures to improve sleep quality.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Project of China(STI2030-Major Projects+2021ZD0204200,Guang-Hai Wang)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82073568,Fan Jiang+3 种基金82071493 and 8257055835,Guang-Hai Wang)the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(2022XD056,Guang-Hai Wang)the Innovative Research Team of High-level Local University in Shanghai(SHSMUZDCX2021190,Fan JiangSHSMU-ZDCX20211100,Guang-Hai Wang)。
文摘Background Bedtime problems and night wakings are common in children under six,particularly in China.The current study summarizes the core tenets of the“Chinese guideline for the treatment of bedtime problems and night wakings in children under 6 years of age(2023)”,and discusses the associated challenges and suggestions for practices relevant to both domestic and international contexts.Data sources This review draws on literature from Pub Med and Web of Science,published up to 2025,combined with evidence from the guide itself,as well as relevant consensus statements and expert recommendations.Results The guideline provides three strong recommendations,including behavioral intervention,early sleep hygiene education,and bedtime massage;four conditional recommendations under professional supervision,including separate sleeping arrangements,white noise,melatonin and iron supplementation;and three non-recommended interventions,including pacifier use,early complementary feeding,and daytime physical activity.Challenges in assessment and treatment involve the absence of standardized diagnostic criteria,reliance on subjective reports,multifactorial etiology with frequent comorbidities,and culturally embedded family sleep practices.Comprehensive evaluation requires integrating both subjective and objective measures while accounting for medical,behavioral,and environmental factors within cultural frameworks.Intervention should be individualized through shared decision-making with parents,combining modalities based on etiological profiling,with non-pharmacological strategies constituting first-line management.Conclusions Effective management for bedtime problems and night wakings in young children requires standardized tools,and culturally adaptable,and family-centered interventions according to evidence-based guidelines.Strengthening professional training and parental education is crucial for guideline implementation and improved pediatric sleep health.
基金National Institute of General Medical Sciences,3P20GM103446-23S4,P20GM113125。
文摘Background This study compared multilevel factors associated with sleep duration and bedtime regularity in children with and without neurological and developmental disorders(NDD)using a nationally representative sample.Methods We combined data from the 2016–2017,2018–2019,and 2020–2021 United States National Survey of Children's Health(NSCH),including 86,014 children aged 9–17 years.Parent-reported outcomes included adequate sleep duration(yes/no)and bedtime regularity(yes/no).We assessed the relationship between twenty independent individual,social,and environmental variables on the sleep outcomes.We used random survival forest decision trees to identify the five most predictive variables[in terms of variable importance(VIMP)].Regression analyses were then used to assess directionality and independent associations.Results A greater proportion of children with NDDs versus those who are typically developing(TD)had parent reports of not achieving adequate sleep duration(34.0%versus 30.9%,respectively)and bedtime regularity(18.8%versus 13.7%,respectively).For adequate sleep,achieving bedtime regularity,having more family meals together and older age emerged as the most important independent variables for both TD children and those with NDDs.For bedtime regularity,achieving adequate sleep,and having more family meals together were the most proximal independent variables for NDD and TD children.Conclusion Increasing the frequency of family meals and addressing both sleep duration and bedtime regularity may serve as key modifiable intervention targets to improve sleep health in children,including those with NDDs.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination of the University of Health Sciences with number 2022/157.
文摘Background and Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of milk and banana given as a bedtime snack to patients with primary insomnia on sleep parameters and some biochemical parameters such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor,leptin,and ghrelin.Methods and S tudy Design:21 patients with insomnia who met the inclusion criteria participated in this study.The patients were divided into 3 parallel groups:banana,milk and control.The intervention group were given either 1 portion of banana or just 200 mL of whole-fat milk at bedtime.The c ontrol group did not consume any non-routine food.V enous blood samples were taken at b aseline and after the study from patients to measure brain-derived neurotrophic factor,leptin and ghrelin concentrations.S leep quality and architecture were determined by polysomnography and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index.Results:Pitts burg Sleep Quality Index scores of the banana and milk group were found to be lower after intervention(p<0.05).In terms of polysomnography,the total sleep time of the milk group was found to be significantly higher than baseline.Serum ghrelin concentration of the milk group decreased significantly compared to baseline.Conclu sions:Bedtime milk or banana intake was effective in dealing with insomnia.Foods rich in tryptophan,such as banana and milk,given at bedtime,may improve sleep parameters and appetite hormones.
文摘My mother is a worker in a factory and she is very busy every day.After got1up at six o'clock,she brushes her teeth and washes her face.Then she does breakfast2for us.She often has breakfast at half past six and she goes to work at seven.She works for eight hours every day.She often gets home at six thirty in the evening.Then she cooks dinner for us.After dinner,she watches TV or reads books for a while.Sometimes she helps me with my homework.She usually goes to bed about3twenty to eleven.
文摘一、完形填空When my children were young,I used to read to them every evening before bed.One of their favorite stories was called Somebody Loves You,Mr.Hatch.Mr.Hatch lived a_1_life.
基金This work was partly supported by NIH under Grant U54 HD070725United Nations Children’s Fund under Grant UNICEF 2018-Nutrition-2.1.2.3.
文摘Objective:Examine effect of sleep duration on children’s risk of overweight and obesity;and study associations between activities in the last hour before bedtime and sleep outcomes(sleep duration,sleep quality,and sleep onset latency).Methods:Children’s data were recruited using a questionnaire survey from a nationally representative sample of children(n=10279)in China in 2013‒2016.Mixed-effects models were used to test associations among variables stratified by sex.Results:Sleep duration was positively associated with BMI in boys(β=0.04,P=0.021).Girls with short sleep durations(<8 h/d)tended to have higher BMI values than those with normal sleep durations(8‒9 h/d)(β=0.12,P=0.063).The top three activities were playing electronic devices(Factor 1),doing homework,and reading(combined as Factor 2).Factors 1 and 2 were both significantly associated with sleep duration(β=0.17,P<0.001;β=−0.26,P<0.001,respectively).Conclusion:Sleep duration seems to affect BMI in Chinese children.Using electronic devices and reading before bedtime influenced sleep duration.Good bedtime habits and sleep duration can help weight management in children.
文摘<b>Backgrounds:</b> Sleepiness is reported to predict sleep quality, academic performance and self-regulation. This study aimed to discover determinants of sleepiness. <b>Methods:</b> On 2722 questionnaires obtained from pupils in grades 5 - 12 in the Kanto district of Japan, lifestyle habits associated with sleepiness were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. <b>Results:</b> The rate of sleepy pupils (who feel sleepy during class as often and always) increased from elementary school (6.3%) to senior high school (42.4%) via junior high school (17.1%). Higher grade (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.28;95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 - 1.37;p < 0.001), later bedtime before school day (OR, 1.41;CI, 1.26 - 1.57;p < 0.001), longer non-school day screen time (OR, 1.27;CI, 1.16 - 1.40;p < 0.001), poor self-reported academic performance (OR, 1.41;CI, 1.24 - 1.60;p < 0.001), skipping breakfast (OR, 1.18;CI, 1.01 - 1.39;p = 0.041), earlier wake time on school day (OR, 0.84;CI, 0.71 - 0.98;p = 0.026), and higher after-school (OR, 1.03;CI, 1.02 - 1.04;p < 0.001) and physical activities (OR, 1.06;CL, 1.03 - 1.10;p < 0.001) were independently associated with sleepy pupils. <b>Conclusions:</b> To reduce adolescents’ sleepiness in the Kanto district of Japan, we recommend them to have adequate waking time, and to avoid late bedtime, breakfast skipping, excessive screen time, after-school activity, and physical activity. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm involvements of these recommended factors in sleepiness and both physical and mental health outcomes.
