技术创新是推动水泥行业低碳转型的必然选择。生物质能碳捕集与封存(Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storages,BECCS)是促进水泥行业实现碳中和的重要技术措施。量化分析水泥行业应用BECCS的技术潜力与经济成本具有重要意义。基于...技术创新是推动水泥行业低碳转型的必然选择。生物质能碳捕集与封存(Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storages,BECCS)是促进水泥行业实现碳中和的重要技术措施。量化分析水泥行业应用BECCS的技术潜力与经济成本具有重要意义。基于中国生物质−排放源−封存汇匹配模型(CBESMM)评估了水泥行业到2060年的BECCS可能应用潜力。结果表明:现有水泥厂实现净零排放,2060年生物质掺混量可达0.29亿t/a,CO_(2)捕集与封存量可达5.35亿t/a,同时掺混生物质且配备碳捕集设施的水泥厂形成的负排放量约0.42亿t/a;生物质掺混在2040年之前是主要减排贡献来源,2040年之后减排主要依靠碳捕集实现,能效提升有一定贡献,在整个周期基本保持稳定;生物质掺混量较高的区域主要在广东、山东、云南、河南,CO_(2)捕集量较高的区域主要在河北、河南、辽宁、广西;98%的单位CO_(2)减排成本介于−100~800元/t,其中负成本约4%,主要分布于河北、山东;提高生物质掺混率、提高可能源化利用率、扩充可利用的生物质资源类型,有利于提高水泥行业的生物质利用量,从而更有利于水泥厂减少剩余排放,实现“净零”。展开更多
BECCS(bioenergy with carbon capture and storage)发展对全球控制温升2 ℃/1.5 ℃具有重要影响。但是各区域的生物质资源利用现状、生物质能潜力以及碳封存潜力都会影响到各区域未来BECCS技术的发展,有必要对各区域的生物质能及未来...BECCS(bioenergy with carbon capture and storage)发展对全球控制温升2 ℃/1.5 ℃具有重要影响。但是各区域的生物质资源利用现状、生物质能潜力以及碳封存潜力都会影响到各区域未来BECCS技术的发展,有必要对各区域的生物质能及未来可能的典型技术构成进行详细研究。梳理了全球综合评估模型中的主要情景设定与研究结果,结合全球各区域生物质能统计数据,分析了各区域生物质能和BECCS的发展。初步研究结果表明,未来的生物质能发展在基准情景下以ASIA、MAF和OECD区域的生物质能发展潜力最大,温升情景下以ASIA和OECD区域的生物质能发展潜力最大,而其他区域较小。生物质能利用方式上,主要以生物质发电和生物质液体燃料为主,生物质制氢在温升情景下的发展潜力较大。展开更多
生物质能替代化石燃料是减少碳排放的有效途径,而生物质能配备碳捕集与封存(bioenergy with carbon capture and storage,BECCS)技术更是实现碳中和的关键支撑技术。利用本土化改进中国能源系统的全球变化分析模型(Global Change Analys...生物质能替代化石燃料是减少碳排放的有效途径,而生物质能配备碳捕集与封存(bioenergy with carbon capture and storage,BECCS)技术更是实现碳中和的关键支撑技术。利用本土化改进中国能源系统的全球变化分析模型(Global Change Analysis Model,GCAM),详细考虑生物质能在中国各能源部门的应用,模拟分析碳中和导向下未来中国生物质能消费。情景结果表明:①柴等传统生物质在2030年后基本完全退出使用,现代生物质能在2030年后开始迅速发展,到2060年,生物质能占中国一次能源消费15%;②未来,中国生物质能呈现发电和炼油为主导的多元化发展趋势,到2060年,发电和炼油共占中国生物质能消费近80%,生物质发电占全国总发电量6%,生物燃油占全国液体燃料总产量42%;③中国生物质能需要大幅配备碳捕集与封存(carbon capture and storage,CCS)技术,到2060年,86%的生物质在应用过程中配备CCS,BECCS年捕集量达15亿t CO_(2)。展开更多
[目的/意义]生物质能-碳捕集与封存(Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage,BECCS)是结合生物质能和碳捕集与封存技术以实现CO_(2)负排放的技术,对我国应对资源可持续利用、气候变化、能源安全等方面的挑战及促进“碳达峰、碳中和...[目的/意义]生物质能-碳捕集与封存(Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage,BECCS)是结合生物质能和碳捕集与封存技术以实现CO_(2)负排放的技术,对我国应对资源可持续利用、气候变化、能源安全等方面的挑战及促进“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的实现有重要作用。[方法/过程]从文献计量学角度,分析了BECCS相关的科学研究和技术开发的发展态势。[结果/结论]全球BECCS领域技术的科学研究和技术开发近年来整体呈增长趋势,中国、美国是该领域领先优势较为明显的国家,在发文量、国际合作、专利申请量和专利布局等方面均处于领先地位,具有较强的科学研究与技术开发能力。微藻利用、生物柴油制备等是当前的研究热点,生物质转化利用、二氧化碳的捕集与运输则是近年来技术开发的重点。下一步,应聚焦提升BECCS领域核心研究竞争力,创新开拓国际科技合作,加强先进技术的开发与转化应用,助力推动我国科技强国建设战略实施和“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的达成。展开更多
Chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and ...Chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and mitigate climate change.In this process,a metal oxide is used as oxygen carrier in a dual fluidized bed to generate clean CO_(2) via combustion of biomass.Most commonly,natural ores or synthetic materials are used as oxygen carrier whereas both must meet special requirements for the conversion of solid fuels.Synthetic oxygen carriers are characterized by higher reactivity at the expense of higher costs versus the lower-cost natural ores.To determine the viability of both possibilities,a techno-economic comparison of a synthetic material based on manganese,iron,and copper to the natural ore ilmenite was conducted.The synthetic oxygen carrier was characterized and tested in a pilot plant,where high combustion efficiencies up to 98.4%and carbon capture rates up to 98.5%were reached.The techno-economic assessment resulted in CO_(2) capture costs of 75 and 40€/tCO_(2) for the synthetic and natural ore route respectively,whereas a sensitivity analysis showed the high impact of production costs and attrition rates of the synthetic material.The synthetic oxygen carrier could break even with the natural ore in case of lower production costs and attrition rates,which could be reached by adapting the production process and recycling material.By comparison to state-of-the-art technologies,it is demonstrated that both routes are viable and the capture cost of CO_(2) could be reduced by implementing the chemical looping combustion technology.展开更多
Integrated assessment models increasingly rely on biomass for energy with ever more stringent mitigation policies. The stringency of mitigation will therefore have large effects on land use. As discussed in the litera...Integrated assessment models increasingly rely on biomass for energy with ever more stringent mitigation policies. The stringency of mitigation will therefore have large effects on land use. As discussed in the literature, crop bio-energy will lead to substantial pressure to increase deforestation. This paper consequently explores using woody biomass for bioenergy. The paper combines the IAM WITCH with a global dynamic forestry model GTM to determine the optimal size of the woody biomass market, the effects on the timber market, and the resulting forestland under two alternative mitigation strategies. This paper predicts that moving from a moderate to a stringent mitigation policy would increase the demand for woody biomass from 3.7 to 5.2 billion m3/yr, increasing forestland by 1049 to 1890 million ha, and shrinking farmland by 748 to 1550 million ha. The stringency of mitigation will therefore have large effects on land use.展开更多
In October 2021,China updated its nationally determined contribution pledge to achieve carbon neutrality[1].Despite some environmental concerns,the large-scale deployment of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage(B...In October 2021,China updated its nationally determined contribution pledge to achieve carbon neutrality[1].Despite some environmental concerns,the large-scale deployment of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage(BECCS)is one of the most promising methods for significantly lowering greenhouse gas emissions and an essential technology for China to achieve its carbon neutrality goal.展开更多
Hydrogen,a green energy carrier,is one of the most promising energy sources.However,it is currently mainly produced from depleting fossil fuels with high carbon emissions,which has serious negative effects on the econ...Hydrogen,a green energy carrier,is one of the most promising energy sources.However,it is currently mainly produced from depleting fossil fuels with high carbon emissions,which has serious negative effects on the economy and environment.To address this issue,sustainable hydrogen production from bio-energy with carbon capture and storage(HyBECCS)is an ideal technology to reduce global carbon emissions while meeting energy demand.This review presents an overview of the latest progress in alkaline thermal treatment(ATT)of biomass for hydrogen production with carbon storage,especially focusing on the technical characteristics and related challenges from an industrial application perspective.Additionally,the roles of alkali and catalyst in the ATT process are critically discussed,and several aspects that have great influences on the ATT process,such as biomass types,reaction parameters,and reactors,are expounded.Finally,the potential solutions to the general challenges and obstacles to the future industrial-scale application of ATT of biomass for hydrogen production are proposed.展开更多
Chemical Looping Combustion is a novel process that generates sequestration-ready CO_(2) from the combustion of woody biomass without requiring a gas separation step and without diluting the CO_(2) with N_(2) from air...Chemical Looping Combustion is a novel process that generates sequestration-ready CO_(2) from the combustion of woody biomass without requiring a gas separation step and without diluting the CO_(2) with N_(2) from air.This is achieved by oxidizing the fuel with lattice oxygen of a metal oxide oxygen carrier.When using cheap and abundant ilmenite ore(FeTiO3)as the oxygen carrier,the rather low reactivity towards volatiles released from the biomass upon devolatilization,as well as detrimental structural changes due to a segregation of Fe and Ti in the material,are of concern.These issues can be addressed by modifying ilmenite with Ca via melt infiltration.In this work,we demonstrate that this modification results in a good distribution of Ca throughout the ilmenite particles that a)prevents detrimental Fe/Ti segregation,b)improves the mechanical stability of the particle compared to materials prepared by solution impregnation and c)improves the reactivity of this material towards hydrogen and wet methane.Moreover,fixed bed experiments showed that the Ca modification not only resulted in increased methane conversion,but also in an increased degree of oxidation of gaseous intermediates CO and H2.We thus conclude that the performance of ilmenite in Chemical Looping processes can be significantly enhanced by Ca modification of ilmenite either prior to use or in-situ during operation of this bed material with Ca-rich fuels such as woody biomass.展开更多
文摘技术创新是推动水泥行业低碳转型的必然选择。生物质能碳捕集与封存(Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storages,BECCS)是促进水泥行业实现碳中和的重要技术措施。量化分析水泥行业应用BECCS的技术潜力与经济成本具有重要意义。基于中国生物质−排放源−封存汇匹配模型(CBESMM)评估了水泥行业到2060年的BECCS可能应用潜力。结果表明:现有水泥厂实现净零排放,2060年生物质掺混量可达0.29亿t/a,CO_(2)捕集与封存量可达5.35亿t/a,同时掺混生物质且配备碳捕集设施的水泥厂形成的负排放量约0.42亿t/a;生物质掺混在2040年之前是主要减排贡献来源,2040年之后减排主要依靠碳捕集实现,能效提升有一定贡献,在整个周期基本保持稳定;生物质掺混量较高的区域主要在广东、山东、云南、河南,CO_(2)捕集量较高的区域主要在河北、河南、辽宁、广西;98%的单位CO_(2)减排成本介于−100~800元/t,其中负成本约4%,主要分布于河北、山东;提高生物质掺混率、提高可能源化利用率、扩充可利用的生物质资源类型,有利于提高水泥行业的生物质利用量,从而更有利于水泥厂减少剩余排放,实现“净零”。
文摘BECCS(bioenergy with carbon capture and storage)发展对全球控制温升2 ℃/1.5 ℃具有重要影响。但是各区域的生物质资源利用现状、生物质能潜力以及碳封存潜力都会影响到各区域未来BECCS技术的发展,有必要对各区域的生物质能及未来可能的典型技术构成进行详细研究。梳理了全球综合评估模型中的主要情景设定与研究结果,结合全球各区域生物质能统计数据,分析了各区域生物质能和BECCS的发展。初步研究结果表明,未来的生物质能发展在基准情景下以ASIA、MAF和OECD区域的生物质能发展潜力最大,温升情景下以ASIA和OECD区域的生物质能发展潜力最大,而其他区域较小。生物质能利用方式上,主要以生物质发电和生物质液体燃料为主,生物质制氢在温升情景下的发展潜力较大。
文摘生物质能替代化石燃料是减少碳排放的有效途径,而生物质能配备碳捕集与封存(bioenergy with carbon capture and storage,BECCS)技术更是实现碳中和的关键支撑技术。利用本土化改进中国能源系统的全球变化分析模型(Global Change Analysis Model,GCAM),详细考虑生物质能在中国各能源部门的应用,模拟分析碳中和导向下未来中国生物质能消费。情景结果表明:①柴等传统生物质在2030年后基本完全退出使用,现代生物质能在2030年后开始迅速发展,到2060年,生物质能占中国一次能源消费15%;②未来,中国生物质能呈现发电和炼油为主导的多元化发展趋势,到2060年,发电和炼油共占中国生物质能消费近80%,生物质发电占全国总发电量6%,生物燃油占全国液体燃料总产量42%;③中国生物质能需要大幅配备碳捕集与封存(carbon capture and storage,CCS)技术,到2060年,86%的生物质在应用过程中配备CCS,BECCS年捕集量达15亿t CO_(2)。
文摘[目的/意义]生物质能-碳捕集与封存(Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage,BECCS)是结合生物质能和碳捕集与封存技术以实现CO_(2)负排放的技术,对我国应对资源可持续利用、气候变化、能源安全等方面的挑战及促进“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的实现有重要作用。[方法/过程]从文献计量学角度,分析了BECCS相关的科学研究和技术开发的发展态势。[结果/结论]全球BECCS领域技术的科学研究和技术开发近年来整体呈增长趋势,中国、美国是该领域领先优势较为明显的国家,在发文量、国际合作、专利申请量和专利布局等方面均处于领先地位,具有较强的科学研究与技术开发能力。微藻利用、生物柴油制备等是当前的研究热点,生物质转化利用、二氧化碳的捕集与运输则是近年来技术开发的重点。下一步,应聚焦提升BECCS领域核心研究竞争力,创新开拓国际科技合作,加强先进技术的开发与转化应用,助力推动我国科技强国建设战略实施和“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的达成。
文摘Chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and mitigate climate change.In this process,a metal oxide is used as oxygen carrier in a dual fluidized bed to generate clean CO_(2) via combustion of biomass.Most commonly,natural ores or synthetic materials are used as oxygen carrier whereas both must meet special requirements for the conversion of solid fuels.Synthetic oxygen carriers are characterized by higher reactivity at the expense of higher costs versus the lower-cost natural ores.To determine the viability of both possibilities,a techno-economic comparison of a synthetic material based on manganese,iron,and copper to the natural ore ilmenite was conducted.The synthetic oxygen carrier was characterized and tested in a pilot plant,where high combustion efficiencies up to 98.4%and carbon capture rates up to 98.5%were reached.The techno-economic assessment resulted in CO_(2) capture costs of 75 and 40€/tCO_(2) for the synthetic and natural ore route respectively,whereas a sensitivity analysis showed the high impact of production costs and attrition rates of the synthetic material.The synthetic oxygen carrier could break even with the natural ore in case of lower production costs and attrition rates,which could be reached by adapting the production process and recycling material.By comparison to state-of-the-art technologies,it is demonstrated that both routes are viable and the capture cost of CO_(2) could be reduced by implementing the chemical looping combustion technology.
文摘Integrated assessment models increasingly rely on biomass for energy with ever more stringent mitigation policies. The stringency of mitigation will therefore have large effects on land use. As discussed in the literature, crop bio-energy will lead to substantial pressure to increase deforestation. This paper consequently explores using woody biomass for bioenergy. The paper combines the IAM WITCH with a global dynamic forestry model GTM to determine the optimal size of the woody biomass market, the effects on the timber market, and the resulting forestland under two alternative mitigation strategies. This paper predicts that moving from a moderate to a stringent mitigation policy would increase the demand for woody biomass from 3.7 to 5.2 billion m3/yr, increasing forestland by 1049 to 1890 million ha, and shrinking farmland by 748 to 1550 million ha. The stringency of mitigation will therefore have large effects on land use.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62350062,72271095,71910107002,72495125,and 72271171)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2024RC4008).
文摘In October 2021,China updated its nationally determined contribution pledge to achieve carbon neutrality[1].Despite some environmental concerns,the large-scale deployment of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage(BECCS)is one of the most promising methods for significantly lowering greenhouse gas emissions and an essential technology for China to achieve its carbon neutrality goal.
基金the financial support provided by the State Key Laboratory of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering(RIPP,SINOPEC)the Key program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22078208)the Open Project of Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials&Devices,Ministry of Education,Sichuan University(Grant NO.AEMD202212).
文摘Hydrogen,a green energy carrier,is one of the most promising energy sources.However,it is currently mainly produced from depleting fossil fuels with high carbon emissions,which has serious negative effects on the economy and environment.To address this issue,sustainable hydrogen production from bio-energy with carbon capture and storage(HyBECCS)is an ideal technology to reduce global carbon emissions while meeting energy demand.This review presents an overview of the latest progress in alkaline thermal treatment(ATT)of biomass for hydrogen production with carbon storage,especially focusing on the technical characteristics and related challenges from an industrial application perspective.Additionally,the roles of alkali and catalyst in the ATT process are critically discussed,and several aspects that have great influences on the ATT process,such as biomass types,reaction parameters,and reactors,are expounded.Finally,the potential solutions to the general challenges and obstacles to the future industrial-scale application of ATT of biomass for hydrogen production are proposed.
基金This work was supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization(NEDO,Japan)for the project on technological development for zero-emission coal power generation.
文摘Chemical Looping Combustion is a novel process that generates sequestration-ready CO_(2) from the combustion of woody biomass without requiring a gas separation step and without diluting the CO_(2) with N_(2) from air.This is achieved by oxidizing the fuel with lattice oxygen of a metal oxide oxygen carrier.When using cheap and abundant ilmenite ore(FeTiO3)as the oxygen carrier,the rather low reactivity towards volatiles released from the biomass upon devolatilization,as well as detrimental structural changes due to a segregation of Fe and Ti in the material,are of concern.These issues can be addressed by modifying ilmenite with Ca via melt infiltration.In this work,we demonstrate that this modification results in a good distribution of Ca throughout the ilmenite particles that a)prevents detrimental Fe/Ti segregation,b)improves the mechanical stability of the particle compared to materials prepared by solution impregnation and c)improves the reactivity of this material towards hydrogen and wet methane.Moreover,fixed bed experiments showed that the Ca modification not only resulted in increased methane conversion,but also in an increased degree of oxidation of gaseous intermediates CO and H2.We thus conclude that the performance of ilmenite in Chemical Looping processes can be significantly enhanced by Ca modification of ilmenite either prior to use or in-situ during operation of this bed material with Ca-rich fuels such as woody biomass.
