Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) can be graphically manipulated to reduce the number of nodes and hence the area. In this context, ordering of BDDs play a major role. Most of the algorithms for input variable ordering ...Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) can be graphically manipulated to reduce the number of nodes and hence the area. In this context, ordering of BDDs play a major role. Most of the algorithms for input variable ordering of OBDD focus primarily on area minimization. However, suitable input variable ordering helps in minimizing the power consumption also. In this particular work, we have proposed two algorithms namely, a genetic algorithm based technique and a branch and bound algorithm to find an optimal input variable order. Of course, the node reordering is taken care of by the standard BDD package buddy-2.4. Moreover, we have evaluated the performances of the proposed algorithms by running an exhaustive search program. Experi-mental results show a substantial saving in area and power. We have also compared our techniques with other state-of-art techniques of variable ordering for OBDDs and found to give superior results.展开更多
中试含能材料废水含各类高浓度含氮化合物(氨氮(NH_(3)─N)、亚硝酸盐(NO_(2)^(-))、硝酸盐(NO3-)等)和有机污染物,是一类极难降解的废水。为实现对含能材料废水中含氮化合物的高效、定向去除,采用热丝化学气相沉积(热丝化学气相沉积法(...中试含能材料废水含各类高浓度含氮化合物(氨氮(NH_(3)─N)、亚硝酸盐(NO_(2)^(-))、硝酸盐(NO3-)等)和有机污染物,是一类极难降解的废水。为实现对含能材料废水中含氮化合物的高效、定向去除,采用热丝化学气相沉积(热丝化学气相沉积法(HFCVD))法制备的掺硼金刚石(BDD)电极对其进行电化学降解,重点研究了氯化钠和硫酸钠等电解质成分及浓度、修饰电极类型(如Cu/BDD、Ni/BD电极)及电解装置结构(单池、双池)对含氮化合物降解效果的影响。结果表明:在含能材料废水中添加0.1 M氯化钠电解质有助于提高NH3─N直接转化为氮气(N_(2))的选择性;采用Cu/BDD、Ni/BDD阴极可加速高价氮向NH_(3)─N的转化过程;双电解池结构体系下,以Cu/BDD、Ni/BDD电极为阳极可以提高NH3─N转化为N_(2)的降解速率。因此,采用金属修饰BDD电极为阳极的双电解池结构在添加0.1 M NaCl电解质情况下有望对宏量含能材料废水进行快速、高效、高选择性降解。展开更多
本研究构建了以BDD电极为阳极,自然空气扩散电极(natural air diffusion electrode,NADE)为阴极,零价铁作为催化剂的电芬顿系统,深入探索了该系统对磺胺嘧啶(sulfadiazine,SD)的降解效果和机理.相较于其他系统,BDD-Fe-NADE系统降解优势...本研究构建了以BDD电极为阳极,自然空气扩散电极(natural air diffusion electrode,NADE)为阴极,零价铁作为催化剂的电芬顿系统,深入探索了该系统对磺胺嘧啶(sulfadiazine,SD)的降解效果和机理.相较于其他系统,BDD-Fe-NADE系统降解优势明显.为进一步探索系统的作用机理,在BDD阳极和NADE阴极之间加入质子交换膜,构建双室降解系统,分别计算阳极室和阴极室中直接电子转移(direct electron transfer,DET)、H_(2)O_(2)、·OH、S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)和·SO_(4)^(-)等氧化性粒子对于磺胺嘧啶降解的贡献率.结果表明,在阳极室中,电极氧化和Fe^(2+)催化S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)产生的·SO_(4)^(-)起主要氧化作用,贡献率分别为49.02%和35.29%;在阴极室中,Fe^(2+)催化H_(2)O_(2)产生的·OH起主要氧化作用,贡献率达99.61%.在不添加污染物的条件下,阳极室积累的S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)浓度在180 min时可达到0.4 mmol·L^(-1),阴极室积累的H_(2)O_(2)浓度在120 min时可达到8 mmol·L^(-1).在初始pH为3时,阴极室pH会随H_(2)O_(2)的生成逐渐增大,阳极室pH由于·OH的生成缓慢降低.利用Gaussian软件在B3LYP/6-31+g(d,p)水平优化SD分子构象,结合密度泛函理论(Density functional theory,DFT)计算电子云密度和福井函数,确定了SD分子中的反应活性位点,利用高效液相色谱串联质谱(Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer)对中间产物测定,检测到质荷比(m/z)为225、279、185、171等6种中间产物,推测了SD的三种可能降解途径.展开更多
The unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm plays an increasingly important role in the modern battlefield,and the UAV swarm operational test is a vital means to validate the combat effectiveness of the UAV swarm.Due to the...The unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm plays an increasingly important role in the modern battlefield,and the UAV swarm operational test is a vital means to validate the combat effectiveness of the UAV swarm.Due to the high cost and long duration of operational tests,it is essential to plan the test in advance.To solve the problem of planning UAV swarm operational test,this study considers the multi-stage feature of a UAV swarm mission,composed of launch,flight and combat stages,and proposes a method to find test plans that can maximize mission reliability.Therefore,a multi-stage mission reliability model for a UAV swarm is proposed to ensure successful implementation of the mission.A multi-objective integer optimization method that considers both mission reliability and cost is then formulated to obtain the optimal test plans.This study first constructs a mission reliability model for the UAV swarm in the combat stage.Then,the launch stage and flight stage are integrated to develop a complete PMS(Phased Mission Systems)reliability model.Finally,the Binary Decision Diagrams(BDD)and Multi Objective Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization(MOQPSO)methods are proposed to solve the model.The optimal plans considering both reliability and cost are obtained.The proposed model supports the planning of UAV swarm operational tests and represents a meaningful exploration of UAV swarm test planning.展开更多
采用掺硼金刚石电极(BDD电极)电化学氧化工艺处理不同的垃圾渗滤液,研究COD、氨氮和总氮的去除情况和去除速率,并进行能耗分析,为电化学氧化处理垃圾渗滤液在实际工程应用提供技术参考。结果表明:电化学氧化处理新鲜渗滤液原液、生化出...采用掺硼金刚石电极(BDD电极)电化学氧化工艺处理不同的垃圾渗滤液,研究COD、氨氮和总氮的去除情况和去除速率,并进行能耗分析,为电化学氧化处理垃圾渗滤液在实际工程应用提供技术参考。结果表明:电化学氧化处理新鲜渗滤液原液、生化出水、生化后浓缩液、DTRO浓缩液时,COD和氨氮都达到排放标准的反应时间依次为9 h、0.83 h、1.33 h、16 h,对应的吨水能耗依次为252 k W·h/m3、23.24 k W·h/m3、37.24 k W·h/m3、448 k W·h/m3,反应时间与渗滤液初始浓度成正相关性,但总氮难以降到排放标准;对于生化出水和生化后浓缩液,反应主要是以氧化COD为主,电化学氧化适合直接处理至COD和氨氮达到排放标准;对于渗滤液原液及DTRO浓缩液,COD和氨氮的氧化相互竞争,去除速率交替升高和降低,而总氮和氨氮去除速率的变化趋势相似,电化学氧化更适合进行预处理,以去除部分难降解有机物,提高可生化性。展开更多
文摘Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) can be graphically manipulated to reduce the number of nodes and hence the area. In this context, ordering of BDDs play a major role. Most of the algorithms for input variable ordering of OBDD focus primarily on area minimization. However, suitable input variable ordering helps in minimizing the power consumption also. In this particular work, we have proposed two algorithms namely, a genetic algorithm based technique and a branch and bound algorithm to find an optimal input variable order. Of course, the node reordering is taken care of by the standard BDD package buddy-2.4. Moreover, we have evaluated the performances of the proposed algorithms by running an exhaustive search program. Experi-mental results show a substantial saving in area and power. We have also compared our techniques with other state-of-art techniques of variable ordering for OBDDs and found to give superior results.
文摘中试含能材料废水含各类高浓度含氮化合物(氨氮(NH_(3)─N)、亚硝酸盐(NO_(2)^(-))、硝酸盐(NO3-)等)和有机污染物,是一类极难降解的废水。为实现对含能材料废水中含氮化合物的高效、定向去除,采用热丝化学气相沉积(热丝化学气相沉积法(HFCVD))法制备的掺硼金刚石(BDD)电极对其进行电化学降解,重点研究了氯化钠和硫酸钠等电解质成分及浓度、修饰电极类型(如Cu/BDD、Ni/BD电极)及电解装置结构(单池、双池)对含氮化合物降解效果的影响。结果表明:在含能材料废水中添加0.1 M氯化钠电解质有助于提高NH3─N直接转化为氮气(N_(2))的选择性;采用Cu/BDD、Ni/BDD阴极可加速高价氮向NH_(3)─N的转化过程;双电解池结构体系下,以Cu/BDD、Ni/BDD电极为阳极可以提高NH3─N转化为N_(2)的降解速率。因此,采用金属修饰BDD电极为阳极的双电解池结构在添加0.1 M NaCl电解质情况下有望对宏量含能材料废水进行快速、高效、高选择性降解。
文摘本研究构建了以BDD电极为阳极,自然空气扩散电极(natural air diffusion electrode,NADE)为阴极,零价铁作为催化剂的电芬顿系统,深入探索了该系统对磺胺嘧啶(sulfadiazine,SD)的降解效果和机理.相较于其他系统,BDD-Fe-NADE系统降解优势明显.为进一步探索系统的作用机理,在BDD阳极和NADE阴极之间加入质子交换膜,构建双室降解系统,分别计算阳极室和阴极室中直接电子转移(direct electron transfer,DET)、H_(2)O_(2)、·OH、S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)和·SO_(4)^(-)等氧化性粒子对于磺胺嘧啶降解的贡献率.结果表明,在阳极室中,电极氧化和Fe^(2+)催化S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)产生的·SO_(4)^(-)起主要氧化作用,贡献率分别为49.02%和35.29%;在阴极室中,Fe^(2+)催化H_(2)O_(2)产生的·OH起主要氧化作用,贡献率达99.61%.在不添加污染物的条件下,阳极室积累的S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)浓度在180 min时可达到0.4 mmol·L^(-1),阴极室积累的H_(2)O_(2)浓度在120 min时可达到8 mmol·L^(-1).在初始pH为3时,阴极室pH会随H_(2)O_(2)的生成逐渐增大,阳极室pH由于·OH的生成缓慢降低.利用Gaussian软件在B3LYP/6-31+g(d,p)水平优化SD分子构象,结合密度泛函理论(Density functional theory,DFT)计算电子云密度和福井函数,确定了SD分子中的反应活性位点,利用高效液相色谱串联质谱(Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer)对中间产物测定,检测到质荷比(m/z)为225、279、185、171等6种中间产物,推测了SD的三种可能降解途径.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(with Granted Number 72271239,grant recipient P.J.)Research on the Design Method of Reliability Qualification Test for Complex Equipment Based on Multi-Source Information Fusion.https://www.nsfc.gov.cn/.
文摘The unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm plays an increasingly important role in the modern battlefield,and the UAV swarm operational test is a vital means to validate the combat effectiveness of the UAV swarm.Due to the high cost and long duration of operational tests,it is essential to plan the test in advance.To solve the problem of planning UAV swarm operational test,this study considers the multi-stage feature of a UAV swarm mission,composed of launch,flight and combat stages,and proposes a method to find test plans that can maximize mission reliability.Therefore,a multi-stage mission reliability model for a UAV swarm is proposed to ensure successful implementation of the mission.A multi-objective integer optimization method that considers both mission reliability and cost is then formulated to obtain the optimal test plans.This study first constructs a mission reliability model for the UAV swarm in the combat stage.Then,the launch stage and flight stage are integrated to develop a complete PMS(Phased Mission Systems)reliability model.Finally,the Binary Decision Diagrams(BDD)and Multi Objective Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization(MOQPSO)methods are proposed to solve the model.The optimal plans considering both reliability and cost are obtained.The proposed model supports the planning of UAV swarm operational tests and represents a meaningful exploration of UAV swarm test planning.
文摘采用掺硼金刚石电极(BDD电极)电化学氧化工艺处理不同的垃圾渗滤液,研究COD、氨氮和总氮的去除情况和去除速率,并进行能耗分析,为电化学氧化处理垃圾渗滤液在实际工程应用提供技术参考。结果表明:电化学氧化处理新鲜渗滤液原液、生化出水、生化后浓缩液、DTRO浓缩液时,COD和氨氮都达到排放标准的反应时间依次为9 h、0.83 h、1.33 h、16 h,对应的吨水能耗依次为252 k W·h/m3、23.24 k W·h/m3、37.24 k W·h/m3、448 k W·h/m3,反应时间与渗滤液初始浓度成正相关性,但总氮难以降到排放标准;对于生化出水和生化后浓缩液,反应主要是以氧化COD为主,电化学氧化适合直接处理至COD和氨氮达到排放标准;对于渗滤液原液及DTRO浓缩液,COD和氨氮的氧化相互竞争,去除速率交替升高和降低,而总氮和氨氮去除速率的变化趋势相似,电化学氧化更适合进行预处理,以去除部分难降解有机物,提高可生化性。
