Each morning at Yangluo Port in Wuhan,Hubei Province,the all-electric cargo vessel Huahang Xinneng No.1 completes a battery swap in under 10 minutes before returning to service with nearly 8,000 kWh of power onboard。
With the widespread application of lithium batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage systems,battery-related safety and reliability issues have become increasingly prominent.Conventional monitoring methods oft...With the widespread application of lithium batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage systems,battery-related safety and reliability issues have become increasingly prominent.Conventional monitoring methods often struggle to address dynamic changes under complex operando.In recent years,flexible sensing technology has emerged as a promising solution for battery health monitoring due to its high adaptability and conformability to complex structures.Meanwhile,empowered by artificial intelligence(AI)for data analysis,the collected data enables efficient and accurate state assessment,offering robust support for accident prevention.Against this background,this paper first explores the integrated applications of flexible sensors in battery health monitoring and their unique advantages in addressing complex battery operating conditions,while analyzing the potential of AI in battery state analysis.Subsequently,it systematically reviews mainstream flexible sensing technologies(e.g.,film sensors,thermocouples,and optical fiber sensors),elucidating their mechanisms for revealing intricate internal battery processes during operation.Finally,the paper discusses AI’s role in enhancing monitoring efficiency and accuracy,and envisions future research directions and application prospects.This work aims to provide technical references for the battery health monitoring field as well as promote the application of flexible sensing technologies in improving battery system safety and reliability.展开更多
The rate capability and cycling stability of sodium metal batteries taking FeS_(2) or sulfur as cathode are limited due to their low reaction kinetics and severe shuttle effect.Herein,we rationally design a novel sing...The rate capability and cycling stability of sodium metal batteries taking FeS_(2) or sulfur as cathode are limited due to their low reaction kinetics and severe shuttle effect.Herein,we rationally design a novel single-atom-dispersed S_(2)-FeNC/FeS_(2) nanocluster heterojunction embedded in carbon spheres(SFNC/FeS_(2)) for the electrode material of sodium metal batteries.Interestingly,during the discharging process,the Na^(+) is inserted into FeS_(2) to generate Na_(2)S,as well as the unique electrochemical reaction between S_(2)-FeNC and Na^(+) to form Na_(2)S.Meanwhile,the FeNC can adsorb Na_(2)S and catalyze the conversion from Na_(2)S and Fe to FeS_(2) or from Na_(2)S and FeNC to S_(2)-FeNC for suppressing the shuttle effect and promoting the distinct hybrid reversible electrochemical behavior,which improves performance tremendously.Notably,the SFNC/FeS_(2) electrode delivers a specific capacity of 338.7 mAh g^(-1) after superlong 2000 cycles at a current density of 5.0 A g^(-1) and achieves a high energy density of 430.1 Wh Kg^(-1) at a current density of 0.05 A g^(-1).This work presents a novel approach to studying sodium metal batteries with hybrid behavior for excellent high energy density and cycling stability.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents a latent-factorization-of-tensors(LFT)-incorporated battery cycle life prediction framework.Data-driven prognosis and health management(PHM)for battery pack(BP)can boost the safety and...Dear Editor,This letter presents a latent-factorization-of-tensors(LFT)-incorporated battery cycle life prediction framework.Data-driven prognosis and health management(PHM)for battery pack(BP)can boost the safety and sustainability of a battery management system(BMS),which relies heavily on the quality of the measured BP data like the voltage(V),current(I),and temperature(T).展开更多
To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated ...To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated salt composite phase change material(HSCPCM)with dual phase transition temperature zones has been proposed.This HSCPCM,denoted as SDMA10,combines hydrophilic modified expanded graphite,an acrylic emulsion coating,and eutectic hydrated salts to achieve leakage prevention,enhanced thermal stability,cycling stability,and superior phase change behavior.Battery modules incorporating SDMA10 demonstrate significant thermal control capabilities.Specifically,the cylindrical battery modules with SDMA10 can maintain maximum operating temperatures below 55°C at 4 C discharge rate,while prismatic battery modules can keep maximum operating temperatures below 65°C at 2 C discharge rate.In extreme battery overheating conditions simulated using heating plates,SDMA10 effectively suppresses thermal propagation.Even when the central heating plate reaches 300°C,the maximum temperature at the module edge heating plates remains below 85°C.Further,compared to organic composite phase change materials(CPCMs),the battery module with SDMA10 can further reduce the peak thermal runaway temperature by 93°C and delay the thermal runaway trigger time by 689 s,thereby significantly decreasing heat diffusion.Therefore,the designed HSCPCM integrates excellent latent heat storage and thermochemical storage capabilities,providing high thermal energy storage density within the thermal management and thermal runaway threshold temperature range.This research will offer a promising pathway for improving the thermal safety performance of battery packs in electric vehicles and other energy storage systems.展开更多
Reliable and safe operation of batteries is increasingly challenged by diverse operating conditions and stringent demands for system resilience.Artificial intelligence(AI)has emerged as a transformative enabler of bat...Reliable and safe operation of batteries is increasingly challenged by diverse operating conditions and stringent demands for system resilience.Artificial intelligence(AI)has emerged as a transformative enabler of battery health management,offering capabilities beyond traditional models.This review provides a structured synthesis of recent progress in AI-enabled diagnostics.Advances in state estimationincluding state of health(SOH)and remaining useful life(RUL)-are first examined,with methodological breakthroughs identified across diverse task formulations.The evolution of AI architectures is then traced,from conventional neural networks to attention-based Transformers,physics-informed models,and federated learning,with particular attention to emerging paradigms such as foundation models,neuro-symbolic reasoning,and quantum machine learning that promise improved robustness and interpretability.To bridge laboratory innovation with deployment,a domain-adaptive four-stage data pipeline has emerged as a promising framework for real-world BMS signals-spanning operational segmentation,multi-scale denoising,degradation-aware feature engineering,and structured sample construction-designed to enhance generalization under heterogeneous and noisy conditions.Looking forward,a technological roadmap is outlined that integrates edge AI,digital twins,AIOps,quantum computing,wireless sensing,and self-repair systems.Collectively,these innovations transform batteries from passive energy reservoirs into intelligent cyber-physical agents endowed with perception,autonomous decision-making,and resilient fault response-paving the way toward truly battery-centric autonomous energy systems.展开更多
As the carrier of charge storage,the electrode determines the efficiency of the energy conversion reaction between the battery and the substance.However,with the continuous development of scientific research,electrode...As the carrier of charge storage,the electrode determines the efficiency of the energy conversion reaction between the battery and the substance.However,with the continuous development of scientific research,electrode preparation is still facing complex technical problems,and it is difficult to achieve a balance in performance,cost,and technology.Based on the ion dissolution and deposition behavior of Mn^(2+)/MnO_(2) and Al^(3+)/Al,a novel cathode-free aqueous ion dissolution/deposition battery is designed,which can contribute 15 mAh at 16 cm^(2) in a voltage window of 0.5-1.8 V.The charge storage and the attenuation mechanism are systematically investigated.The battery model with compensable electrolyte was constructed,and the cycle characteristics of the cathode-free aqueous ion dissolution/deposition battery were optimized,which could achieve 1000 h continuous operation.This system provides a low-cost and high-safety solution for future high-energy density and large-scale energy storage.Future research will focus on optimizing electrolytes,controlling deposition morphology,and improving interface stability to further promote the commercialization of cathode-free batteries.展开更多
The uncontrollable growth of zinc metal dendrites and the water-induced parasitic reaction in pure aqueous electrolyte cause the poor cycling stability of zinc ion battery.Herein,a stable electrode/electrolyte interfa...The uncontrollable growth of zinc metal dendrites and the water-induced parasitic reaction in pure aqueous electrolyte cause the poor cycling stability of zinc ion battery.Herein,a stable electrode/electrolyte interface with a dendrite-free zinc anode is developed by adding acetone into the aqueous electrolyte.The as-formed water/acetone hybrid solvent effectively optimizes the Zn^(2+)solvation structure(coordinated water changes from 6 to 4)and induces the uniform zinc ion deposition through the high adsorption energy with the Zn(002)surface.It also stabilizes the zinc metal by reducing the corrosion reaction(hydrogen evolution)with water and the formation of a basic zinc salt by-product.As a result,the symmetrical cell with the acetone/water electrolyte exhibits a superior stability of 3700 h(154 days)at 1 mA cm^(-2).The battery with the Na_(2)V_(6)O_(16)·3H_(2)O cathode delivers an 84.1%capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g^(-1).The organic/aqueous electrolyte provides a new insight into understanding the relationship between solvation structure,electrode/electrolyte interface,and the performance of the zinc ion battery.展开更多
The growing use of lithium-ion batteries in electric transportation and grid-scale storage systems has intensified the need for accurate and highly generalizable state-of-health(SOH)estimation.Conventional approaches ...The growing use of lithium-ion batteries in electric transportation and grid-scale storage systems has intensified the need for accurate and highly generalizable state-of-health(SOH)estimation.Conventional approaches often suffer from reduced accuracy under dynamically uncertain state-of-charge(SOC)operating ranges and heterogeneous aging stresses.This study presents a unified SOH estimation framework that integrates physics-informed modeling,subspace identification,and Transformer-based learning.A reduced-order model is derived from simplified electrochemical dynamics,providing an interpretable and computationally efficient representation of battery behavior.Subspace identification across a wide SOC and SOH range yields degradation-sensitive features,which the Transformer uses to capture long-range aging dynamics via multi-head self-attention.Experiments on LiFePO4 cells under joint-cell training show consistently accurate SOH estimation,with a maximum error of 1.39%,demonstrating the framework’s effectiveness in decoupling SOC and SOH effects.In cross-cell validation,where training and validation are performed on different cells,the model maintains a maximum error of 2.06%,confirming strong generalization to unseen aging trajectories.Comparative experiments on LiFePO_(4)and public LiCoO_(2)datasets confirm the framework’s cross-chemistry applicability.By extracting low-dimensional,physically interpretable features via subspace identification,the framework significantly reduces training cost while maintaining high SOH estimation accuracy,outperforming conventional data-driven models lacking physical guidance.展开更多
Currently,zinc anodes are facing problems such as the growth of zinc dendrites and the frequent occurrence of side reactions,while existing additive strategies are still challenging due to the poor stability of the ad...Currently,zinc anodes are facing problems such as the growth of zinc dendrites and the frequent occurrence of side reactions,while existing additive strategies are still challenging due to the poor stability of the adsorption layer and the ambiguous mechanisms of action.In this study,a highly stable Vani molecular brush additive was designed.The additive effectively inhibits H_(2) generation by targeting and anchoring H+in the inner Helmholtz layer,and reduces the water activity by constructing an enhanced hydrogen bonding network through the interaction with water molecules,thus inhibiting the parasitic side reactions on the zinc anode.In addition,the dynamic interfacial molecular layer can regulate and buffer the interfacial Zn^(2+)for highly reversible plating/stripping.Experiments show that the symmetric cell cycle life is as long as 3760 h at a Vani content of only 2×10^(-3) g L^(-1) with a current density of5 mA cm^(-2).The cycle life of the Zn‖MnO_(2) and Zn‖Zn_(0.58)V_(2)O_(5) H_(2)O full battery is significantly improved.This study deepens the understanding of the working mechanism of the zinc electrode interface and provides new ideas for non-sacrififcial trace additive design.展开更多
Carbon coatings for silicon(Si)-based anode materials are essential for designing high-performance Li-ion batteries(LIBs).The coatings prevent direct contact with the electrolyte and enhance anode performance.However,...Carbon coatings for silicon(Si)-based anode materials are essential for designing high-performance Li-ion batteries(LIBs).The coatings prevent direct contact with the electrolyte and enhance anode performance.However,conventional carbon coatings are limited by their volume expansion and structural degradation,which lead to capacity fading and reduced durability.This study introduces a scalable and practical one-step carbon-coating strategy for directly coating silicon suboxide(SiO_(x))-based materials using aqueous quasi-defect-free reduced graphene oxide(QrGO)without post-treatment,unlike conventional graphene oxide(GO)-based coating methods.This simple process enables uniform encapsulation with QrGO for a highly adhesive and conductive coating.The QrGO-based composite anode material has several advantages,including reduced cracking due to volume expansion and enhanced charge carrier transport,as well as an increased Si content of 20 wt.%compared to the 5 wt.%in typical commercial Si-based active materials.In particular,the capacity retention of the QrGO-coated Si electrodes dramatically increases at high C-rate.The full cell exhibited long-term stability and capacity that were twice that of commercial SiO_(x)-based cells.Therefore,the QrGO-based one-step coating process represents a scalable,transformative,and commercially viable strategy for developing high-performance LIBs.展开更多
Aqueous Zn-iodine batteries(ZIBs)face the formidable challenges towards practical implementation,including metal corrosion and rampant dendrite growth on the Zn anode side,and shuttle effect of polyiodide species from...Aqueous Zn-iodine batteries(ZIBs)face the formidable challenges towards practical implementation,including metal corrosion and rampant dendrite growth on the Zn anode side,and shuttle effect of polyiodide species from the cathode side.These challenges lead to poor cycle stability and severe self-discharge.From the fabrication and cost point of view,it is technologically more viable to deploy electrolyte engineering than electrode protection strategies.More importantly,a synchronous method for modulation of both cathode and anode is pivotal,which has been often neglected in prior studies.In this work,cationic poly(allylamine hydrochloride)(Pah^(+))is adopted as a low-cost dual-function electrolyte additive for ZIBs.We elaborate the synchronous effect by Pah^(+)in stabilizing Zn anode and immobilizing polyiodide anions.The fabricated Zn-iodine coin cell with Pah^(+)(ZnI_(2) loading:25 mg cm^(−2))stably cycles 1000 times at 1 C,and a single-layered 3.4 cm^(2) pouch cell(N/P ratio~1.5)with the same mass loading cycles over 300 times with insignificant capacity decay.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries boast a theoretical energy density as high as 2600 Wh·kg^(−1),positioning them as a highly attractive option for future advanced energy storage systems.Challenges such as slow transf...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries boast a theoretical energy density as high as 2600 Wh·kg^(−1),positioning them as a highly attractive option for future advanced energy storage systems.Challenges such as slow transformation kinetics and shuttle effects associated with lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)have seriously hindered their practical applications.In this paper,we present a new method for the synthesis of hollow carbon-sphere-supported Co monatomic catalysts(Co-N-C).This new synthesis method achieves pyrolytic coordination using a precursor rich in imide(-RC=N-)polymers.This synthesis method not only improves the adsorbability and catalytic activity of LiPS but also significantly weakens the shuttle effect and generates Co-N-C with superior conductivity,abundant hollow structures,and a high specific surface area,thus efficiently capturing and restricting the movement of LiPS intermediates.The dispersed Co monoatomic catalysts(Co SACs)were anchored to a highly conductive nitrogen-doped carbon framework and exhibited symmetric N-coordination active sites(Co-N_(4))to ensure fast redox kinetics of LiPS and Li_(2)S_(2)/Li_(2)S solid-state products.The lithium-sulfur battery with Co-N-C as the sulfur carrier showed excellent discharging capacity of 1146.6 mAh·g^(−1) at a discharge rate of 0.5 C and maintained excellent performance at a high discharge rate of 2 C.The capacity decay rate in 500 cycles was only 0.086%per cycle,reflecting excellent long-term cycle stability.This study highlights the key role of the synergistic effect between single-atom cobalt catalysts and hollow carbon spheres in enhancing the efficiency of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.It also provides valuable insights into the construction and fabrication of highly active monatomic catalysts.The catalytic conversion efficiency of lithium polysulfides is significantly enhanced when embedded in hollow carbon architectures,which serves as a critical strategy for optimizing the electrochemical behavior of next-generation Li-S batteries.展开更多
To improve the solid–solid interface performance of all solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs),a novel sandwich-structured solid electrolyte(SSE,total thickness of 0.7 mm)was investigated.It comprises a central layer ...To improve the solid–solid interface performance of all solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs),a novel sandwich-structured solid electrolyte(SSE,total thickness of 0.7 mm)was investigated.It comprises a central layer of perovskite-type Li_(0.37)Sr_(0.44)Zr_(0.25)Ta_(0.75)O_(3)(LSZT)electrolyte(thickness of 0.5 mm)sandwiched between two layers of composite solid polymer electrolyte(CSPE,each with a thickness of 0.1 mm).The thin CSPE interlayer not only effectively reduces interfacial resistance between LSZT and electrodes,but also suppresses Li-induced reduction degradation of LSZT while ensuring uniform current density distribution across the interface.The SSE demonstrates an ionic conductivity of 8.76×10^(−5)S·cm^(−1)at 30℃,increasing to 1.13×10^(−3)S·cm^(−1)at 100℃,with an activation energy of 0.36 eV.In addition,SSE is stable for Li metal and achieves electrochemical stability up to 4.58 V vs.Li^(+)/Li.SSE shows outstanding electrode/electrolyte interfacial compatibility and significant suppression of the growth of Li dendrite.Ascribing to these merits,Li|SSE|Li symmetric cell maintained stable operation for 500 h at a current density of 0.3 mA·cm^(−2)without short circuit,confirming robust interfacial compatibility between SSE and Li electrode.The all-solid-state LiFePO_(4)|Li battery with SSE has an initial reversible discharge capacity of 109.8 mAh·g^(−1)and a reversible capacity of 118.1 mAh·g^(−1)after 50 cycles at a charge/discharge rate of 0.1C(30℃),demonstrating good cycling performance.展开更多
All-soluble all-iron flow batteries are considered a promising technology for low-cost and large-scale energy storage.In the past few years,efforts have been taken to design various iron chelates to enhance the cyclin...All-soluble all-iron flow batteries are considered a promising technology for low-cost and large-scale energy storage.In the past few years,efforts have been taken to design various iron chelates to enhance the cycling stability of negative electrolytes,while ignoring the kinetic mismatch and the corresponding battery design strategies,which greatly limited the performance of all-soluble all-iron flow batteries.In this regard,combining experimental analysis and numerical simulation,this work analyzed the kinetic performance of iron chelates on the negative side and conducted further investigations on battery asymmetric structure design to balance mass transport and electrochemical reactions within the battery.Results show that the reaction rate constant of the Fe(Ⅱ)(BIS-TRIS)^(2-)/Fe(Ⅲ)(BIS-TRIS)^(-)redox couple is 1:48×10^(-5)cm s^(-1),significantly lower than that of the positive electrolyte(6.0×10^(-5)cm s^(−1)),which limits the performance of the battery.Utilizing an asymmetric electrode design to increase active reaction sites and enhance convection is a critical strategy in achieving balanced mass transport and reaction activity between the positive and negative electrolytes.More notably,the battery with asymmetric geometric characteristics demonstrates a remarkable energy efficiency reaching up to 80.17%at 80 mA cm^(−2),which is 7.95%higher than that of the symmetric structure.This research provides theoretical guidance for the structural design of key components of batteries and reduces the cost of trial and error.展开更多
Battery energy storage systems bolster power grids’absorption capacity,however,battery safety issues remain a formidable challenge.Timely and pre-cise fault diagnosis,coupled with early-stage fault warn-ings,is cruci...Battery energy storage systems bolster power grids’absorption capacity,however,battery safety issues remain a formidable challenge.Timely and pre-cise fault diagnosis,coupled with early-stage fault warn-ings,is crucial.This study introduces an eigen decompo-sition-based multi-fault diagnosis approach for lithi-umion battery packs,enabling online diagnosis of short circuits,electrical connection faults,and voltage sensor malfunctions.By incorporating an interleaved measurement topology,precise fault type differentiation is achieved.Eigenvector matching analysis is employed to increase sensitivity to fault characteristics and enhance robustness.The interleaved topology can be seamlessly integrated using common voltage measurement solutions,eliminating the need for additional design complexities,while sensor number redundancy enhances fault tolerance of battery management systems(BMS).A cloud-side collaboration method is proposed,where the BMS functions as an edge device for specific data computations,while the parameters are fine-tuned by the server through big data analytics.This approach circumvents cumbersome server calculations,thereby curbing server cost escalation.The edge computing process is divided into two steps,with partial calculations often sufficient to evaluate battery safety,thus reducing the computational load on edge devices.Several battery tests are conducted,and the results confirm the method’s capability,feasibility,and validity in early-stage fault diagnosis.展开更多
With the rapid development of electric vehicles and grid-scale renewable integration,the demand for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has significantly increased with high expectations on enhanced energy density,cycle stabil...With the rapid development of electric vehicles and grid-scale renewable integration,the demand for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has significantly increased with high expectations on enhanced energy density,cycle stability,and failure resilience.Electrochemical models(EMs),serving as pivotal mechanismdriven analytical frameworks in battery research and applications,demonstrate unprecedented quantitative fidelity in characterizing intricate multi-physics dynamics for the next-generation battery management systems(BMS).The breakthrough innovations in artificial intelligence(AI)driven methods have revolutionized the dynamic modeling of LIBs.However,the deployment of AI-augmented EMs in BMS faces significant identifiability challenges due to strong parameter coupling.In addition,research on model simplification,parameter determination,and dynamic parameter identification remains largely fragmented.There is a lack of a comprehensive review to pave the way for the cross-domain innovations in BMS.To fill this gap,this paper presents a systematic review of the EMs for LIBs and examines the advancements in parameter determination techniques from both experimental measurement and numerical simulation perspectives.Besides,a comprehensive assessment of the progress in parameter identification from the standpoint of dynamic recognition is presented,encompassing both modelbased approaches and intelligent methods.Additionally,from the BMS standpoint,the strengths and limitations of existing approaches are evaluated.Finally,a coordinated framework for multi-stage identification needs to be established in the future.The potential of digital twins(DT),deep reinforcement learning(DRL),and large language models(LLMs)in enhancing EMs also warrants further exploration.The purpose of this work is to provide insights and guidance for the future development of EMs in LIB applications.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are widely deployed,from grid-scale storage to electric vehicles.LIBs remain stationary most of their service life,where calendar aging degrades capacity.Understanding the mechanisms of LIB ...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are widely deployed,from grid-scale storage to electric vehicles.LIBs remain stationary most of their service life,where calendar aging degrades capacity.Understanding the mechanisms of LIB calendar aging is crucial for extending battery lifespan.However,LIB calendar aging is influenced by multiple factors,including battery material,its state,and storage environment.Calendar aging experiments are also time-consuming,costly,and lack standardized testing conditions.This study employs a data-driven approach to establish a cross-scale database linking materials,side-reaction mechanisms,and calendar aging of LIBs.MELODI(Mechanism-informed,Explainable,Learning-based Optimization for Degradation Identification)is proposed to identify calendar aging mechanisms and quantify the effects of multi-scale factors.Results reveal that cathode material loss drives up to 91.42%of calendar aging degradation in high-nickel(Ni)batteries,while solid electrolyte interphase growth dominates in lithium iron phosphate(LFP)and low-Ni batteries,contributing up to 82.43%of degradation in LFP batteries and 99.10%of decay in low-Ni batteries,respectively.This study systematically quantifies calendar aging in commercial LIBs under varying materials,states of charge,and temperatures.These findings offer quantitative guidance for experimental design or battery use,and implications for emerging applications like aerial robotics,vehicle-to-grid,and embodied intelligence systems.展开更多
Rapid evolutions of the Internet of Electric Vehicles(IoEVs)are reshaping and modernizing transport systems,yet challenges remain in energy efficiency,better battery aging,and grid stability.Typical charging methods a...Rapid evolutions of the Internet of Electric Vehicles(IoEVs)are reshaping and modernizing transport systems,yet challenges remain in energy efficiency,better battery aging,and grid stability.Typical charging methods allow for EVs to be charged without thought being given to the condition of the battery or the grid demand,thus increasing energy costs and battery aging.This study proposes a smart charging station with an AI-powered Battery Management System(BMS),developed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink,to increase optimality in energy flow,battery health,and impractical scheduling within the IoEV environment.The system operates through real-time communication,load scheduling based on priorities,and adaptive charging based on batterymathematically computed State of Charge(SOC),State of Health(SOH),and thermal state,with bidirectional power flow(V2G),thus allowing EVs’participation towards grid stabilization.Simulation results revealed that the proposed model can reduce peak grid load by 37.8%;charging efficiency is enhanced by 92.6%;battery temperature lessened by 4.4℃;SOH extended over 100 cycles by 6.5%,if compared against the conventional technique.By this way,charging time was decreased by 12.4% and energy costs dropped by more than 20%.These results showed that smart charging with intelligent BMS can boost greatly the operational efficiency and sustainability of the IoEV ecosystem.展开更多
The structural design and performance characteristics of the diaphragm have a decisive impact on the safety and electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,traditional polyolefin diaphragms stil...The structural design and performance characteristics of the diaphragm have a decisive impact on the safety and electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,traditional polyolefin diaphragms still face challenges in simultaneously improving the ion transport efficiency and thermal stability.Here,we report an in situ dynamic lithium compensation strategy for manufacturing a biobased furan aramid/ceramic diaphragm(BAS)with higher thermal stability and ion transport efficiency.Specifically,exchangeable carboxyl groups(–COOH)are introduced into the bio-based furan aramid(BA)framework,which are in situ converted into–COOLi groups to form lithium ions(Li^(+))transport channels,achieving dynamic compensation of active Li^(+).The dual transmission system of ion exchange and physical pore channels synergistically enhances the ionic conductivity of BAS to 1.536 mS cm^(-1).The high polarity structure of the furan ring and the electrolyte have excellent compatibility,significantly reducing the solid–liquid interfacial energy,making BAS have extremely high electrolyte wettability(contact angle of 0°).The BA amide group forms a multi-scale bonding network with the nano-ceramics.The BAS prepared by the water-coating process exhibits excellent thermal stability(with a thermal shrinkage rate of less than 1%after 1 h at 150℃).The LiFePO_(4)|Li half-cell assembled with BAS shows a capacity retention rate of up to 91.7%after 280 cycles at 1C,with a Coulomb efficiency of 99%,demonstrating excellent cycling stability.This design and development based on bio-materials provides a new approach for high safety and high energy density battery systems.展开更多
文摘Each morning at Yangluo Port in Wuhan,Hubei Province,the all-electric cargo vessel Huahang Xinneng No.1 completes a battery swap in under 10 minutes before returning to service with nearly 8,000 kWh of power onboard。
基金supported by the grant of State Key Laboratory of Space Environment Interaction with Matters,the Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory Fund(HTKJ2023KL510008)Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62433017)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62274140)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720230030)the Xiaomi Young Talents Program/Xiaomi Foundation,Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20230807091401003)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by Cast(No.YESS20230523)the State Key Laboratory of Space Environment Interaction with Matters(WDZC-HGD-2022-08)the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Major Project(2244ZZDD1133GGAA000077)the China Aerospace Science and Technology Group Corporation Young Top Talents.
文摘With the widespread application of lithium batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage systems,battery-related safety and reliability issues have become increasingly prominent.Conventional monitoring methods often struggle to address dynamic changes under complex operando.In recent years,flexible sensing technology has emerged as a promising solution for battery health monitoring due to its high adaptability and conformability to complex structures.Meanwhile,empowered by artificial intelligence(AI)for data analysis,the collected data enables efficient and accurate state assessment,offering robust support for accident prevention.Against this background,this paper first explores the integrated applications of flexible sensors in battery health monitoring and their unique advantages in addressing complex battery operating conditions,while analyzing the potential of AI in battery state analysis.Subsequently,it systematically reviews mainstream flexible sensing technologies(e.g.,film sensors,thermocouples,and optical fiber sensors),elucidating their mechanisms for revealing intricate internal battery processes during operation.Finally,the paper discusses AI’s role in enhancing monitoring efficiency and accuracy,and envisions future research directions and application prospects.This work aims to provide technical references for the battery health monitoring field as well as promote the application of flexible sensing technologies in improving battery system safety and reliability.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22579095)the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Special Project (B2024204027)+2 种基金the Youth Top-notch Talent Foundation of Hebei Provincial Universities (BJK2022023)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (B2023204006)the talent training project of Hebei province (No. B20231004)。
文摘The rate capability and cycling stability of sodium metal batteries taking FeS_(2) or sulfur as cathode are limited due to their low reaction kinetics and severe shuttle effect.Herein,we rationally design a novel single-atom-dispersed S_(2)-FeNC/FeS_(2) nanocluster heterojunction embedded in carbon spheres(SFNC/FeS_(2)) for the electrode material of sodium metal batteries.Interestingly,during the discharging process,the Na^(+) is inserted into FeS_(2) to generate Na_(2)S,as well as the unique electrochemical reaction between S_(2)-FeNC and Na^(+) to form Na_(2)S.Meanwhile,the FeNC can adsorb Na_(2)S and catalyze the conversion from Na_(2)S and Fe to FeS_(2) or from Na_(2)S and FeNC to S_(2)-FeNC for suppressing the shuttle effect and promoting the distinct hybrid reversible electrochemical behavior,which improves performance tremendously.Notably,the SFNC/FeS_(2) electrode delivers a specific capacity of 338.7 mAh g^(-1) after superlong 2000 cycles at a current density of 5.0 A g^(-1) and achieves a high energy density of 430.1 Wh Kg^(-1) at a current density of 0.05 A g^(-1).This work presents a novel approach to studying sodium metal batteries with hybrid behavior for excellent high energy density and cycling stability.
文摘Dear Editor,This letter presents a latent-factorization-of-tensors(LFT)-incorporated battery cycle life prediction framework.Data-driven prognosis and health management(PHM)for battery pack(BP)can boost the safety and sustainability of a battery management system(BMS),which relies heavily on the quality of the measured BP data like the voltage(V),current(I),and temperature(T).
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province(2024A1515010228)CATARC Automotive Inspection Center Excellent Engineer Program(2023B0909050007).
文摘To address the challenge of balancing thermal management and thermal runaway mitigation,it is crucial to explore effective methods for enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Herein,an innovative hydrated salt composite phase change material(HSCPCM)with dual phase transition temperature zones has been proposed.This HSCPCM,denoted as SDMA10,combines hydrophilic modified expanded graphite,an acrylic emulsion coating,and eutectic hydrated salts to achieve leakage prevention,enhanced thermal stability,cycling stability,and superior phase change behavior.Battery modules incorporating SDMA10 demonstrate significant thermal control capabilities.Specifically,the cylindrical battery modules with SDMA10 can maintain maximum operating temperatures below 55°C at 4 C discharge rate,while prismatic battery modules can keep maximum operating temperatures below 65°C at 2 C discharge rate.In extreme battery overheating conditions simulated using heating plates,SDMA10 effectively suppresses thermal propagation.Even when the central heating plate reaches 300°C,the maximum temperature at the module edge heating plates remains below 85°C.Further,compared to organic composite phase change materials(CPCMs),the battery module with SDMA10 can further reduce the peak thermal runaway temperature by 93°C and delay the thermal runaway trigger time by 689 s,thereby significantly decreasing heat diffusion.Therefore,the designed HSCPCM integrates excellent latent heat storage and thermochemical storage capabilities,providing high thermal energy storage density within the thermal management and thermal runaway threshold temperature range.This research will offer a promising pathway for improving the thermal safety performance of battery packs in electric vehicles and other energy storage systems.
基金funded by the Independent Innovation Projects of the Hubei Longzhong Laboratory(2022ZZ-24)。
文摘Reliable and safe operation of batteries is increasingly challenged by diverse operating conditions and stringent demands for system resilience.Artificial intelligence(AI)has emerged as a transformative enabler of battery health management,offering capabilities beyond traditional models.This review provides a structured synthesis of recent progress in AI-enabled diagnostics.Advances in state estimationincluding state of health(SOH)and remaining useful life(RUL)-are first examined,with methodological breakthroughs identified across diverse task formulations.The evolution of AI architectures is then traced,from conventional neural networks to attention-based Transformers,physics-informed models,and federated learning,with particular attention to emerging paradigms such as foundation models,neuro-symbolic reasoning,and quantum machine learning that promise improved robustness and interpretability.To bridge laboratory innovation with deployment,a domain-adaptive four-stage data pipeline has emerged as a promising framework for real-world BMS signals-spanning operational segmentation,multi-scale denoising,degradation-aware feature engineering,and structured sample construction-designed to enhance generalization under heterogeneous and noisy conditions.Looking forward,a technological roadmap is outlined that integrates edge AI,digital twins,AIOps,quantum computing,wireless sensing,and self-repair systems.Collectively,these innovations transform batteries from passive energy reservoirs into intelligent cyber-physical agents endowed with perception,autonomous decision-making,and resilient fault response-paving the way toward truly battery-centric autonomous energy systems.
基金support provided by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(YDZJ202401316ZYTS)the Innovation Laboratory Development Program of the Education Department of Jilin Province and the Industry and Information Technology Department of Jilin Province,China(The Joint Laboratory of MXene Materials)the MXene Research Support Plan of Jilin 11 Technology Co.,Ltd.,China,and Future(Jilin)Material Technology Co.,Ltd.
文摘As the carrier of charge storage,the electrode determines the efficiency of the energy conversion reaction between the battery and the substance.However,with the continuous development of scientific research,electrode preparation is still facing complex technical problems,and it is difficult to achieve a balance in performance,cost,and technology.Based on the ion dissolution and deposition behavior of Mn^(2+)/MnO_(2) and Al^(3+)/Al,a novel cathode-free aqueous ion dissolution/deposition battery is designed,which can contribute 15 mAh at 16 cm^(2) in a voltage window of 0.5-1.8 V.The charge storage and the attenuation mechanism are systematically investigated.The battery model with compensable electrolyte was constructed,and the cycle characteristics of the cathode-free aqueous ion dissolution/deposition battery were optimized,which could achieve 1000 h continuous operation.This system provides a low-cost and high-safety solution for future high-energy density and large-scale energy storage.Future research will focus on optimizing electrolytes,controlling deposition morphology,and improving interface stability to further promote the commercialization of cathode-free batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202118)the Henan Provincial Department of Education(232301420050)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020TQ0275)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Zhengzhou University(22120027).
文摘The uncontrollable growth of zinc metal dendrites and the water-induced parasitic reaction in pure aqueous electrolyte cause the poor cycling stability of zinc ion battery.Herein,a stable electrode/electrolyte interface with a dendrite-free zinc anode is developed by adding acetone into the aqueous electrolyte.The as-formed water/acetone hybrid solvent effectively optimizes the Zn^(2+)solvation structure(coordinated water changes from 6 to 4)and induces the uniform zinc ion deposition through the high adsorption energy with the Zn(002)surface.It also stabilizes the zinc metal by reducing the corrosion reaction(hydrogen evolution)with water and the formation of a basic zinc salt by-product.As a result,the symmetrical cell with the acetone/water electrolyte exhibits a superior stability of 3700 h(154 days)at 1 mA cm^(-2).The battery with the Na_(2)V_(6)O_(16)·3H_(2)O cathode delivers an 84.1%capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g^(-1).The organic/aqueous electrolyte provides a new insight into understanding the relationship between solvation structure,electrode/electrolyte interface,and the performance of the zinc ion battery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52207228)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(No.3224070)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52077208).
文摘The growing use of lithium-ion batteries in electric transportation and grid-scale storage systems has intensified the need for accurate and highly generalizable state-of-health(SOH)estimation.Conventional approaches often suffer from reduced accuracy under dynamically uncertain state-of-charge(SOC)operating ranges and heterogeneous aging stresses.This study presents a unified SOH estimation framework that integrates physics-informed modeling,subspace identification,and Transformer-based learning.A reduced-order model is derived from simplified electrochemical dynamics,providing an interpretable and computationally efficient representation of battery behavior.Subspace identification across a wide SOC and SOH range yields degradation-sensitive features,which the Transformer uses to capture long-range aging dynamics via multi-head self-attention.Experiments on LiFePO4 cells under joint-cell training show consistently accurate SOH estimation,with a maximum error of 1.39%,demonstrating the framework’s effectiveness in decoupling SOC and SOH effects.In cross-cell validation,where training and validation are performed on different cells,the model maintains a maximum error of 2.06%,confirming strong generalization to unseen aging trajectories.Comparative experiments on LiFePO_(4)and public LiCoO_(2)datasets confirm the framework’s cross-chemistry applicability.By extracting low-dimensional,physically interpretable features via subspace identification,the framework significantly reduces training cost while maintaining high SOH estimation accuracy,outperforming conventional data-driven models lacking physical guidance.
基金supported by the Heilongjiang Province“Double First Class”Discipline Collaborative Innovation Project(LJGXCG2023-061)。
文摘Currently,zinc anodes are facing problems such as the growth of zinc dendrites and the frequent occurrence of side reactions,while existing additive strategies are still challenging due to the poor stability of the adsorption layer and the ambiguous mechanisms of action.In this study,a highly stable Vani molecular brush additive was designed.The additive effectively inhibits H_(2) generation by targeting and anchoring H+in the inner Helmholtz layer,and reduces the water activity by constructing an enhanced hydrogen bonding network through the interaction with water molecules,thus inhibiting the parasitic side reactions on the zinc anode.In addition,the dynamic interfacial molecular layer can regulate and buffer the interfacial Zn^(2+)for highly reversible plating/stripping.Experiments show that the symmetric cell cycle life is as long as 3760 h at a Vani content of only 2×10^(-3) g L^(-1) with a current density of5 mA cm^(-2).The cycle life of the Zn‖MnO_(2) and Zn‖Zn_(0.58)V_(2)O_(5) H_(2)O full battery is significantly improved.This study deepens the understanding of the working mechanism of the zinc electrode interface and provides new ideas for non-sacrififcial trace additive design.
基金supported by Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute(KERI)Primary research program through the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.25A01015)by the Technology Innovation Program(20019091)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)by the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant from the Korea government(MSIT)(No.GTL24012-000).
文摘Carbon coatings for silicon(Si)-based anode materials are essential for designing high-performance Li-ion batteries(LIBs).The coatings prevent direct contact with the electrolyte and enhance anode performance.However,conventional carbon coatings are limited by their volume expansion and structural degradation,which lead to capacity fading and reduced durability.This study introduces a scalable and practical one-step carbon-coating strategy for directly coating silicon suboxide(SiO_(x))-based materials using aqueous quasi-defect-free reduced graphene oxide(QrGO)without post-treatment,unlike conventional graphene oxide(GO)-based coating methods.This simple process enables uniform encapsulation with QrGO for a highly adhesive and conductive coating.The QrGO-based composite anode material has several advantages,including reduced cracking due to volume expansion and enhanced charge carrier transport,as well as an increased Si content of 20 wt.%compared to the 5 wt.%in typical commercial Si-based active materials.In particular,the capacity retention of the QrGO-coated Si electrodes dramatically increases at high C-rate.The full cell exhibited long-term stability and capacity that were twice that of commercial SiO_(x)-based cells.Therefore,the QrGO-based one-step coating process represents a scalable,transformative,and commercially viable strategy for developing high-performance LIBs.
基金supported by the financial support from the National Research Foundation,Singapore,under its Singapore-China Joint Flagship Project(Clean Energy).
文摘Aqueous Zn-iodine batteries(ZIBs)face the formidable challenges towards practical implementation,including metal corrosion and rampant dendrite growth on the Zn anode side,and shuttle effect of polyiodide species from the cathode side.These challenges lead to poor cycle stability and severe self-discharge.From the fabrication and cost point of view,it is technologically more viable to deploy electrolyte engineering than electrode protection strategies.More importantly,a synchronous method for modulation of both cathode and anode is pivotal,which has been often neglected in prior studies.In this work,cationic poly(allylamine hydrochloride)(Pah^(+))is adopted as a low-cost dual-function electrolyte additive for ZIBs.We elaborate the synchronous effect by Pah^(+)in stabilizing Zn anode and immobilizing polyiodide anions.The fabricated Zn-iodine coin cell with Pah^(+)(ZnI_(2) loading:25 mg cm^(−2))stably cycles 1000 times at 1 C,and a single-layered 3.4 cm^(2) pouch cell(N/P ratio~1.5)with the same mass loading cycles over 300 times with insignificant capacity decay.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52064035)the Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province,China(No.25YFGA024)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LGG22E020003).
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries boast a theoretical energy density as high as 2600 Wh·kg^(−1),positioning them as a highly attractive option for future advanced energy storage systems.Challenges such as slow transformation kinetics and shuttle effects associated with lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)have seriously hindered their practical applications.In this paper,we present a new method for the synthesis of hollow carbon-sphere-supported Co monatomic catalysts(Co-N-C).This new synthesis method achieves pyrolytic coordination using a precursor rich in imide(-RC=N-)polymers.This synthesis method not only improves the adsorbability and catalytic activity of LiPS but also significantly weakens the shuttle effect and generates Co-N-C with superior conductivity,abundant hollow structures,and a high specific surface area,thus efficiently capturing and restricting the movement of LiPS intermediates.The dispersed Co monoatomic catalysts(Co SACs)were anchored to a highly conductive nitrogen-doped carbon framework and exhibited symmetric N-coordination active sites(Co-N_(4))to ensure fast redox kinetics of LiPS and Li_(2)S_(2)/Li_(2)S solid-state products.The lithium-sulfur battery with Co-N-C as the sulfur carrier showed excellent discharging capacity of 1146.6 mAh·g^(−1) at a discharge rate of 0.5 C and maintained excellent performance at a high discharge rate of 2 C.The capacity decay rate in 500 cycles was only 0.086%per cycle,reflecting excellent long-term cycle stability.This study highlights the key role of the synergistic effect between single-atom cobalt catalysts and hollow carbon spheres in enhancing the efficiency of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.It also provides valuable insights into the construction and fabrication of highly active monatomic catalysts.The catalytic conversion efficiency of lithium polysulfides is significantly enhanced when embedded in hollow carbon architectures,which serves as a critical strategy for optimizing the electrochemical behavior of next-generation Li-S batteries.
基金financial support providedby the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.92475203 and 52474374)the Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program,China (No.225200810035)the Research Initiation Grant for High-Level Talents by the Henan Academy of Sciences,China(No.232007016).
文摘To improve the solid–solid interface performance of all solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs),a novel sandwich-structured solid electrolyte(SSE,total thickness of 0.7 mm)was investigated.It comprises a central layer of perovskite-type Li_(0.37)Sr_(0.44)Zr_(0.25)Ta_(0.75)O_(3)(LSZT)electrolyte(thickness of 0.5 mm)sandwiched between two layers of composite solid polymer electrolyte(CSPE,each with a thickness of 0.1 mm).The thin CSPE interlayer not only effectively reduces interfacial resistance between LSZT and electrodes,but also suppresses Li-induced reduction degradation of LSZT while ensuring uniform current density distribution across the interface.The SSE demonstrates an ionic conductivity of 8.76×10^(−5)S·cm^(−1)at 30℃,increasing to 1.13×10^(−3)S·cm^(−1)at 100℃,with an activation energy of 0.36 eV.In addition,SSE is stable for Li metal and achieves electrochemical stability up to 4.58 V vs.Li^(+)/Li.SSE shows outstanding electrode/electrolyte interfacial compatibility and significant suppression of the growth of Li dendrite.Ascribing to these merits,Li|SSE|Li symmetric cell maintained stable operation for 500 h at a current density of 0.3 mA·cm^(−2)without short circuit,confirming robust interfacial compatibility between SSE and Li electrode.The all-solid-state LiFePO_(4)|Li battery with SSE has an initial reversible discharge capacity of 109.8 mAh·g^(−1)and a reversible capacity of 118.1 mAh·g^(−1)after 50 cycles at a charge/discharge rate of 0.1C(30℃),demonstrating good cycling performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52106265)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Province,China(No.23JCZDJC01090)+1 种基金Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2023B0303000002)High level of special funds(G03034K001).
文摘All-soluble all-iron flow batteries are considered a promising technology for low-cost and large-scale energy storage.In the past few years,efforts have been taken to design various iron chelates to enhance the cycling stability of negative electrolytes,while ignoring the kinetic mismatch and the corresponding battery design strategies,which greatly limited the performance of all-soluble all-iron flow batteries.In this regard,combining experimental analysis and numerical simulation,this work analyzed the kinetic performance of iron chelates on the negative side and conducted further investigations on battery asymmetric structure design to balance mass transport and electrochemical reactions within the battery.Results show that the reaction rate constant of the Fe(Ⅱ)(BIS-TRIS)^(2-)/Fe(Ⅲ)(BIS-TRIS)^(-)redox couple is 1:48×10^(-5)cm s^(-1),significantly lower than that of the positive electrolyte(6.0×10^(-5)cm s^(−1)),which limits the performance of the battery.Utilizing an asymmetric electrode design to increase active reaction sites and enhance convection is a critical strategy in achieving balanced mass transport and reaction activity between the positive and negative electrolytes.More notably,the battery with asymmetric geometric characteristics demonstrates a remarkable energy efficiency reaching up to 80.17%at 80 mA cm^(−2),which is 7.95%higher than that of the symmetric structure.This research provides theoretical guidance for the structural design of key components of batteries and reduces the cost of trial and error.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62133007)Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.2024CXPT052).
文摘Battery energy storage systems bolster power grids’absorption capacity,however,battery safety issues remain a formidable challenge.Timely and pre-cise fault diagnosis,coupled with early-stage fault warn-ings,is crucial.This study introduces an eigen decompo-sition-based multi-fault diagnosis approach for lithi-umion battery packs,enabling online diagnosis of short circuits,electrical connection faults,and voltage sensor malfunctions.By incorporating an interleaved measurement topology,precise fault type differentiation is achieved.Eigenvector matching analysis is employed to increase sensitivity to fault characteristics and enhance robustness.The interleaved topology can be seamlessly integrated using common voltage measurement solutions,eliminating the need for additional design complexities,while sensor number redundancy enhances fault tolerance of battery management systems(BMS).A cloud-side collaboration method is proposed,where the BMS functions as an edge device for specific data computations,while the parameters are fine-tuned by the server through big data analytics.This approach circumvents cumbersome server calculations,thereby curbing server cost escalation.The edge computing process is divided into two steps,with partial calculations often sufficient to evaluate battery safety,thus reducing the computational load on edge devices.Several battery tests are conducted,and the results confirm the method’s capability,feasibility,and validity in early-stage fault diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52477222)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2024GX-YBXM-442)the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key R&D Program under Grant(2022B01019-2)。
文摘With the rapid development of electric vehicles and grid-scale renewable integration,the demand for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has significantly increased with high expectations on enhanced energy density,cycle stability,and failure resilience.Electrochemical models(EMs),serving as pivotal mechanismdriven analytical frameworks in battery research and applications,demonstrate unprecedented quantitative fidelity in characterizing intricate multi-physics dynamics for the next-generation battery management systems(BMS).The breakthrough innovations in artificial intelligence(AI)driven methods have revolutionized the dynamic modeling of LIBs.However,the deployment of AI-augmented EMs in BMS faces significant identifiability challenges due to strong parameter coupling.In addition,research on model simplification,parameter determination,and dynamic parameter identification remains largely fragmented.There is a lack of a comprehensive review to pave the way for the cross-domain innovations in BMS.To fill this gap,this paper presents a systematic review of the EMs for LIBs and examines the advancements in parameter determination techniques from both experimental measurement and numerical simulation perspectives.Besides,a comprehensive assessment of the progress in parameter identification from the standpoint of dynamic recognition is presented,encompassing both modelbased approaches and intelligent methods.Additionally,from the BMS standpoint,the strengths and limitations of existing approaches are evaluated.Finally,a coordinated framework for multi-stage identification needs to be established in the future.The potential of digital twins(DT),deep reinforcement learning(DRL),and large language models(LLMs)in enhancing EMs also warrants further exploration.The purpose of this work is to provide insights and guidance for the future development of EMs in LIB applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0213000)the Postdoctoral Innovative Talents Support Program(BX20240232)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scholars(72304031)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-22-024A1).
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are widely deployed,from grid-scale storage to electric vehicles.LIBs remain stationary most of their service life,where calendar aging degrades capacity.Understanding the mechanisms of LIB calendar aging is crucial for extending battery lifespan.However,LIB calendar aging is influenced by multiple factors,including battery material,its state,and storage environment.Calendar aging experiments are also time-consuming,costly,and lack standardized testing conditions.This study employs a data-driven approach to establish a cross-scale database linking materials,side-reaction mechanisms,and calendar aging of LIBs.MELODI(Mechanism-informed,Explainable,Learning-based Optimization for Degradation Identification)is proposed to identify calendar aging mechanisms and quantify the effects of multi-scale factors.Results reveal that cathode material loss drives up to 91.42%of calendar aging degradation in high-nickel(Ni)batteries,while solid electrolyte interphase growth dominates in lithium iron phosphate(LFP)and low-Ni batteries,contributing up to 82.43%of degradation in LFP batteries and 99.10%of decay in low-Ni batteries,respectively.This study systematically quantifies calendar aging in commercial LIBs under varying materials,states of charge,and temperatures.These findings offer quantitative guidance for experimental design or battery use,and implications for emerging applications like aerial robotics,vehicle-to-grid,and embodied intelligence systems.
文摘Rapid evolutions of the Internet of Electric Vehicles(IoEVs)are reshaping and modernizing transport systems,yet challenges remain in energy efficiency,better battery aging,and grid stability.Typical charging methods allow for EVs to be charged without thought being given to the condition of the battery or the grid demand,thus increasing energy costs and battery aging.This study proposes a smart charging station with an AI-powered Battery Management System(BMS),developed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink,to increase optimality in energy flow,battery health,and impractical scheduling within the IoEV environment.The system operates through real-time communication,load scheduling based on priorities,and adaptive charging based on batterymathematically computed State of Charge(SOC),State of Health(SOH),and thermal state,with bidirectional power flow(V2G),thus allowing EVs’participation towards grid stabilization.Simulation results revealed that the proposed model can reduce peak grid load by 37.8%;charging efficiency is enhanced by 92.6%;battery temperature lessened by 4.4℃;SOH extended over 100 cycles by 6.5%,if compared against the conventional technique.By this way,charging time was decreased by 12.4% and energy costs dropped by more than 20%.These results showed that smart charging with intelligent BMS can boost greatly the operational efficiency and sustainability of the IoEV ecosystem.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22293011,T2341001)the Major Science and Technology Project of Anhui Province(202203a06020010)+1 种基金the Horizontal Project Provided by Jiangsu Zhuogao New Materials Technology Co.,Ltd.(Td00923003H)Joint Laboratory by China Power Investment Ronghe New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.and the Central Government Guiding Special Fund Project for Local Science and Technology Development(202407a12020008)。
文摘The structural design and performance characteristics of the diaphragm have a decisive impact on the safety and electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,traditional polyolefin diaphragms still face challenges in simultaneously improving the ion transport efficiency and thermal stability.Here,we report an in situ dynamic lithium compensation strategy for manufacturing a biobased furan aramid/ceramic diaphragm(BAS)with higher thermal stability and ion transport efficiency.Specifically,exchangeable carboxyl groups(–COOH)are introduced into the bio-based furan aramid(BA)framework,which are in situ converted into–COOLi groups to form lithium ions(Li^(+))transport channels,achieving dynamic compensation of active Li^(+).The dual transmission system of ion exchange and physical pore channels synergistically enhances the ionic conductivity of BAS to 1.536 mS cm^(-1).The high polarity structure of the furan ring and the electrolyte have excellent compatibility,significantly reducing the solid–liquid interfacial energy,making BAS have extremely high electrolyte wettability(contact angle of 0°).The BA amide group forms a multi-scale bonding network with the nano-ceramics.The BAS prepared by the water-coating process exhibits excellent thermal stability(with a thermal shrinkage rate of less than 1%after 1 h at 150℃).The LiFePO_(4)|Li half-cell assembled with BAS shows a capacity retention rate of up to 91.7%after 280 cycles at 1C,with a Coulomb efficiency of 99%,demonstrating excellent cycling stability.This design and development based on bio-materials provides a new approach for high safety and high energy density battery systems.
