In a re-examination of the Neogene stratigraphy of the Uşak,Güre,and Selendi basins of western Anatolia,western Turkey,the stratigraphic position of the previously definedİnay Group is revised,which was previousl...In a re-examination of the Neogene stratigraphy of the Uşak,Güre,and Selendi basins of western Anatolia,western Turkey,the stratigraphic position of the previously definedİnay Group is revised,which was previously considered to be of the Middle Miocene age.Based on mammalian biochronology and stratigraphic relationships,two sequences are identified,separated by conformable/transitional contacts within the former group:the Middle Miocene Güre Group is composed of the FakılıFormation,characterized by alluvial fan deposits,and the lacustrine Derbent Formation.Radiometric dating of alkaline volcanics laterally associated with Güre Group sediments in the Uşak and Güre basins,and mammalian fossils re-evaluated into the MN5-6 biozones in the Selendi Basin,indicate early Middle Miocene.Considering the stratigraphic relationship with the overlying early Late Mioceneİnay Group as redefined,we estimate that the Güre Group was deposited in the Middle Miocene.Theİnay Group is characterized by a lateral-vertical transition from alluvial deposits of the Ahmetler Formation to the overlying lacustrine Ulubey Formation.An MN9-10 fauna,containing deinotheres,was found within the latter formation.展开更多
The development of sedimentary layers in offshore salt-bearing basins in the central segment of west Africa is closely linked to elements such as faults,igneous rocks and crustal thickness.To investigate their spatial...The development of sedimentary layers in offshore salt-bearing basins in the central segment of west Africa is closely linked to elements such as faults,igneous rocks and crustal thickness.To investigate their spatial relationships,we analyzed gravity and magnetic data in the oceanic areas,and employed edge detection,correlation analysis,and inversion techniques to study the characteristics of these geological elements.Our findings revealed numerous faults and igneous rocks in the crust underlying these non-volcanic continental margins,and these faults and igneous rocks continued to indirectly influence basin sedimentation since the rift period.On the basis of the thickness of the crust and sedimentary layers,we classified the offshore basins into four types of secondary structural units.Combined with the characteristics of faults and igneous rocks,we concluded that the exhumed bulges within the Western Uplift Zone are favorable for oil and gas exploration.展开更多
This study examines the molecular and isotopic composition of 193 gas samples collected from oil and gas fields across Colombia's onshore basins with active hydrocarbon production.Comparative analyses were conduct...This study examines the molecular and isotopic composition of 193 gas samples collected from oil and gas fields across Colombia's onshore basins with active hydrocarbon production.Comparative analyses were conducted on both isotopic and molecular compositions across the Lower Magdalena Basin(LMB),Middle Magdalena Basin(MMB),Upper Magdalena Basin(UMB),Putumayo Cagu an Basin(PUTCAB),Catatumbo Basin(CATB),Eastern Llanos Basin(LLAB),and Eastern Cordillera Basin(ECB).The primary objectives were to classify the gases produced,characterize their origins,assess transformation processes such as biodegradation and migration,and analyze the statistical distribution patterns of their components.This geochemical characterization aims to support the discovery of new reserves for both natural gas(NG)and liquefied petroleum gas(LPG),given Colombia's potential risk of diminished energy selfsufficiency in gas resources.The basins under study produce dry gas,wet gas,and liquefied petroleum gas(LPG/C_(3+)),all associated with oil and gas fields of commercial hydrocarbon production.Notably,the LLAB contains the highest proportions of heavy isotopic carbon and C_(3+)(LPG)concentrations,whereas LMB is characterized by isotopically lighter methane,indicative of dry gas predominance.Results suggest a predominantly thermogenic origin for the gases studied,generated within the oil and gas windows,with several samples originating from secondary oil cracking,while some samples from LMB display a likely biogenic origin.Additionally,evidence of gas migration and biodegradation was observed in a significant subset of samples.The analysis of statistical distributions and compositional trends reveals a prevalent high methane content,with substantial C_(2)-C_(5)(C_(2+))gas concentrations across all basins studied.This composition underscores the potential for both natural gas(NG)and LPG production.The C_(3+)(LPG)content varies between 1%and 92%,with 35%of the samples containing less than 5%LPG.High original gas-in-place(OGIP)volumes and substantial LPG content in the Eastern Llanos foothills,encompassing fields such as Cusiana and Cupiagua,highlight the prospective potential of this region.Near-field exploration could further add reserves of both NG and LPG.展开更多
Scientific understanding of the trade-offs between services is crucial for the scientific management and protection of ecosystems and the formulation of resource management policies.This study integrated meteorologica...Scientific understanding of the trade-offs between services is crucial for the scientific management and protection of ecosystems and the formulation of resource management policies.This study integrated meteorological,land use,and soil data to assess the ecosystem services,namely,water yield(WY),soil erosion(SE),and carbon sinks(CS),in peak-cluster depression basins on the Sino-Vietnamese border in China during 2000-2020.It analyzed the trade-offs and synergistic relationships among the three ecosystem services and their time-lag effects and driving mechanisms with the help of pixel-by-pixel time-lag intercorrelation and geographical de-tector methods.Results show that:1)from 2000 to 2020,the key ecosystem service indicators in the peak-cluster depression basins on the Sino-Vietnamese border in China demonstrated a significant and synergistic trend of positive change.The WY increased at a rate of 11.99 mm/yr,CS increased at a rate of 2.44 g C/(m^(2)∙yr),and SE decreased at a rate of 0.06 t/(ha∙yr).2)Most areas showed a synergistic relationship across the three ecosystem services,and the areas with a trade-off relationship were mostly concentrated in Baise City and the southwest of Chongzuo City,Guangxi.3)The time-lag effect between SE and WY was mostly concentrated in 0 yr,that between SE and CS was mostly concentrated in 5 yr,and that between CS and WY was mostly concentrated in 1 yr.4)Population density was the controlling factor between SE and WY.Vegetation coverage factor is the main controlling factor between SE and CS.The lithologic factor is the main controlling factor between CS and WY.Studying the trade-off relationship of ecosystem services at spatial and tem-poral scales on the Sino-Vietnamese border in China karst areas can provide a basis for regional ecological construction and develop-ment strategies,and it is conducive to meeting regional interest needs,maximizing comprehensive benefits,balancing the ecological en-vironment,and achieving regional sustainable development.展开更多
The distribution of igneous rocks is closely related to hydrocarbon resources.This study utilized high-precision gravity,magnetic,and rock physical property data,employing gravity-magnetic field fusion technology and ...The distribution of igneous rocks is closely related to hydrocarbon resources.This study utilized high-precision gravity,magnetic,and rock physical property data,employing gravity-magnetic field fusion technology and Euler deconvolution technology.The objective was to identify the distribution of igneous rocks in the China Seas and neighboring regions and investigate their relationships with petroliferous basins.Our results reveal that igneous rocks are widely scattered throughout the China Seas and neighboring regions,with the highest concentration in the northwest(NW)and the second highest concentration in the east-northeast(ENE).The largest-scale igneous rocks are those with a north-south(N-S)orientation,followed by those with northeast(NE),NW,and ENE orientations.The depths of igneous rocks within petroliferous basins typically range from 3 km to 9 km and are associated with hydrocarbon resource distributions characterized by deep oil and shallow gas.The proportions of igneous rocks in different types of basins exhibit varying correlations with the total hydrocarbon resources.In particular,the proportion of igneous rocks in rift-type basins in the China Seas exhibits a strong linear correlation with the total hydrocarbon resources.These research findings provide valuable guidance for studying the relationship between igneous rock distribution and petroliferous basins,offering insights that can inform future hydrocarbon exploration endeavors.展开更多
It is an important standard to judge the flood disaster in the basin whether the rainfall at the flood-inducing interface is reached.In this paper,the Xin'anjiang model,Topmodel model and SCS model were selected t...It is an important standard to judge the flood disaster in the basin whether the rainfall at the flood-inducing interface is reached.In this paper,the Xin'anjiang model,Topmodel model and SCS model were selected to calculate and compare the rainfall at the flood-inducing interface in the Zhanghe Reservoir basin in Hubei Province.The results showed that average relative error and average absolute error of Xin'anjiang model were-3.36%and-21.46×10^(5)m^(3),which were the minimum,followed by Topmodel model with 5.72%and 26.22×10^(5)m^(3),SCS model with 11.33%and 58.13×10^(5)m^(3).The minimum absolute error of the three hydrological models in calculating the rainfall at the critical interface was 3.26 mm,while the maximum was 49.24 mm.When the initial water level exceeded 120 m,the difference among the three models in calculating the rainfall at the critical interface became more and more obvious.When the reservoir water level was lower than 120 m,it mainly referred to the calculation results of Xin'anjiang model.When the reservoir water level was higher than 120 m,it mainly referred to the calculation results of Topmodel model.The research conclusion can provide reference for small and medium-sized basins selecting hydrological model to calculate the rainfall at the flood-inducing interface.展开更多
Offshore carbon dioxide(CO_(2))geological storage is a promising strategy for reducing carbon emissions and supporting sustainable development in coastal regions within a carbon neutrality framework.However,only a few...Offshore carbon dioxide(CO_(2))geological storage is a promising strategy for reducing carbon emissions and supporting sustainable development in coastal regions within a carbon neutrality framework.However,only a few works have focused on offshore basins in China.To address this gap,this study established a dual indicator system that comprises necessary and critical indices and is integrated with the analytic hierarchy process.A coupled analysis was then performed to evaluate the suitability of 10 offshore sedimentary basins in China for CO_(2)geological storage.The necessary indicator system focuses on storage potential,geological conditions,and engineering feasibility.Meanwhile,the critical indicator system emphasizes the safety of storage projects and the viability of drilling operations.Evaluation results revealed that China's offshore basins have undergone two geological evolution stages,namely,the rifting and post-rifting phases,leading to the formation of a dual-layer structure characterized by faulted lower layers and sagged upper layers.These basins have thick and widespread Cenozoic strata,generally low seismic activity,and medium-to-low geothermal gradients.They form five reservoir-caprock systems with favorable geological conditions for CO_(2)storage.The Pearl River Mouth,East China Sea Shelf,and Bohai Basins emerged as primary candidates that offer substantial storage potential to support carbon neutrality goals in the Bohai Rim Economic Zone,Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone,and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.The Beibu Gulf and South Yellow Sea Basins were identified as secondary candidates,and the Qiongdongnan and Yinggehai Basins were considered potential alternatives.展开更多
The Mediterranean Network of Experimental and Representative Basins(ERB)is an open association of hydrologists from twenty European countries carrying out their research in well-instrumented,small drainage basins.The ...The Mediterranean Network of Experimental and Representative Basins(ERB)is an open association of hydrologists from twenty European countries carrying out their research in well-instrumented,small drainage basins.The ERB was recommended by the European Council and established in 1986.The main objectives of the network are:-to establish and maintain relationships among member countries and research teams by means of information exchange,mobility,and regular conferences;-to initiate and enable co-operation among members and other organizations;-to maintain databases of small-scale research and experimental basins.展开更多
The Proterozoic cratonic basins of peninsular India preserve records of repeated opening and closing of rifts along the zone of Neoarchean sutures and/or along the weak zones.These sedimentary basins,ranging in age fr...The Proterozoic cratonic basins of peninsular India preserve records of repeated opening and closing of rifts along the zone of Neoarchean sutures and/or along the weak zones.These sedimentary basins,ranging in age from late Palaeoproterozoic through Neoproterozoic are traditionally referred to as Purana basins in Indian literature.The successions of each of the basins may be represented by successive unconformity-bound sequences,which represent several cycles of fluvialshallow marine to shelf-slope-basin sedimentation punctuated by local hiatuses and/or volcanic upheavals.The advance retreat of ancient seaways and their complex are recorded in the sedimentary successions of Purana basins.展开更多
Conventional borehole image log interpretation of linear fractures on volcanic rocks,represented as sinusoids on unwrapped cylinder projections,is relatively straight-forward,however,interpreting non-linear rock struc...Conventional borehole image log interpretation of linear fractures on volcanic rocks,represented as sinusoids on unwrapped cylinder projections,is relatively straight-forward,however,interpreting non-linear rock structures and complex facies geometries can be more challenging.To characterize diverse volcanic paleoenvironments related to the formation of the South American continent,this study presents a new methodology based on image logs,petrography,seismic data,and outcrop analogues.The presented methodology used pseudo-boreholes images generated from outcrop photographs with typical igneous rock features worldwide simulating 2D unwrapped cylinder projections of a 31 cm(12.25 in)diameter well.These synthetic images and standard outcrop photographs were used to define morphological patterns of igneous structures and facies for comparison with wireline borehole image logs from subsurface volcanic and subvolcanic units,providing a“visual scale”for geological evaluation of volcanic facies,significantly enhancing the identification efficiency and reliability of complex geological structures.Our analysis focused on various scales of columnar jointing and pillow lava lobes with additional examples including pahoehoe lava,ignimbrite,hyaloclastite,and various intrusive features in Campos,Santos,and Parnaíba basins in Brazil.This approach increases confidence in the interpretation of subvolcanic,subaerial,and subaqueous deposits.The image log interpretation combined with regional geological knowledge has enabled paleoenvironmental insights into the rift magmatism system related to the breakup of Gondwana with associated implications for hydrocarbon exploration.展开更多
The Bikaner-Nagaur and Barmer Basins(Rajasthan)are the most important petroliferous sedimentary basins in India.For over a decade,the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons in these basins.Paleocene-Eocene age roc...The Bikaner-Nagaur and Barmer Basins(Rajasthan)are the most important petroliferous sedimentary basins in India.For over a decade,the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons in these basins.Paleocene-Eocene age rocks bear organic-rich sediments in these basins,including lignite and carbonaceous shale deposits.The present research investigates the source rock properties,petroleum potential and thermal maturity of the carbonaceous shale partings from the lignite mines of Gurha(Bikaner-Nagaur Basin)and Kapurdi(Barmer Basin)using petrographical and geochemical tools.The carbonaceous shales have high organic matter(OM),with considerable total organic carbon(TOC)contents ranging from 13%to 39%.Furthermore,they contain hydrogen-rich kerogen,including types II and II/III,as evidenced by the Rock-Eval and elemental analysis results.The existence of these kerogen types indicates the abundance of reactive(vitrinite and liptinite)macerals.However,the carbonaceous shales from the Bikaner–Nagaur Basin have oil generation potentials,with a high hydrogen index(up to 516 mg HC/g TOC)and a H/C ratio(up to 1.5)along with a significant presence of oil-prone liptinitic macerals.Apart from the geochemical and petrological results,the studied shales have low huminite reflectance(0.31%–0.48%),maximum temperature(S_(2) peak;Tmax)between 419℃ and 429℃,and low production index values(PI:0.01–0.03).These results indicate that these carbonaceous shales contain immature OM,and thereby,they cannot yet release commercial amount of oil.This immaturity level in the studied outcrop section is due to the shallow burial depth.Geochemical proxies further indicate the presence of both oil and gas-prone source rocks.展开更多
In contrast to well-studied rift basins in NE China,the Hailar Basin has received relatively less attention regarding the combined patterns of different types of grabens and half-grabens.This study aims to explore whe...In contrast to well-studied rift basins in NE China,the Hailar Basin has received relatively less attention regarding the combined patterns of different types of grabens and half-grabens.This study aims to explore whether the combined patterns of grabens in the Hailar Basin exhibit similar characteristics to those in other NE China rift basins and to identify the underlying causes.To achieve this,a comprehensive analysis of the major fault systems and the combined patterns of faulted sub-depressions,as well as their controlling mechanisms,was conducted.This analysis utilized the latest 3D seismic data that cover nearly the entire Beier Depression.Three groups of pre-existing fault systems were observed in the basement of the Beier Depression,and they are the NEE-EW-trending fault systems,the NE-trending fault systems,and the NW-trending fault systems.The NEE-EW-trending fault systems were distributed in the central part of the Beier Depression and primarily controlled the sedimentary filling of the Tongbomiao and the Lower Nantun Formations.The NE-trending fault systems were distributed in the southwestern part of the Beier Depression and primarily controlled the sedimentary filling of the Upper Nantun Formations.The NW-trending fault systems were distributed rarely in the Beier Depression.Five kinds of combined patterns of the sub-depressions were developed in the Beier Depression,and they are the parallel,en echelon,face-to-face,back-to-back,and S-shaped combined patterns.They were controlled by the NEE-EW-trending and the NE-trending fault systems with different orientations,arrangements,and activation sequences.展开更多
The Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the slope zone of the Sichuan foreland basin is a new field of continental tight gas exploration in recent years.The fourth member of the Xujiahe Formation(Xu4 Member),the major inter...The Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the slope zone of the Sichuan foreland basin is a new field of continental tight gas exploration in recent years.The fourth member of the Xujiahe Formation(Xu4 Member),the major interval in the Jianyang Block of the Tianfu gas field in the basin,is characterized by considerable buried depth,tight reservoirs,and strong heterogeneity.By using cast thin section,X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),fluid inclusion thermometry,and core analysis,the reservoir rock types,dominant diageneses,diagenetic history,and controls on high-graded reservoirs were investigated.It is found that the Xu4 Member in Jianyang mainly consists of lithic feldspar sandstones and feldspar lithic sandstones,followed by lithic quartz sandstones.High-energy hydrodynamic conditions in the microfacies of underwater distributary channels and mouth bars are beneficial to the preservation of primary pores and the occurrence of secondary pores,and there are no significant differences in petrophysical properties between these two microfacies.Compaction and calcareous cementation are the dominant controls on reservoir porosity decrease in the Xujiahe Formation;corrosion is the major contributor to porosity increase by generating secondary dissolved pores,e.g.intragranular dissolved pores and intergranular dissolved pores,as major reservoir space in the study area.Fracture zones around the faults inside the Xujiahe Formation(fourth‒order faults)are favorable for proximal tight gas accumulation,preservation,and production.The research findings have been successfully applied to explore the Xujiahe Formation in the slope zone of the Sichuan foreland basin.They can be referential for other similar tight sandstone gas accumulations.展开更多
Dynamical systems often exhibit multiple attractors representing significantly different functioning conditions.A global map of attraction basins can offer valuable guidance for stabilizing or transitioning system sta...Dynamical systems often exhibit multiple attractors representing significantly different functioning conditions.A global map of attraction basins can offer valuable guidance for stabilizing or transitioning system states.Such a map can be constructed without prior system knowledge by identifying attractors across a sufficient number of points in the state space.However,determining the attractor for each initial state can be a laborious task.Here,we tackle the challenge of reconstructing attraction basins using as few initial points as possible.In each iteration of our approach,informative points are selected through random seeding and are driven along the current classification boundary,promoting the eventual selection of points that are both diverse and enlightening.The results across various experimental dynamical systems demonstrate that our approach requires fewer points than baseline methods while achieving comparable mapping accuracy.Additionally,the reconstructed map allows us to accurately estimate the minimum escape distance required to transition the system state to a target basin.展开更多
Restoration of denudation thickness is of great significance to understanding tectonic evolution,hydrocarbon migration and accumulation history in petroliferous basins.How to accurately restore and distinguish denudat...Restoration of denudation thickness is of great significance to understanding tectonic evolution,hydrocarbon migration and accumulation history in petroliferous basins.How to accurately restore and distinguish denudation thicknesses in different periods,however,is difficult.With measurements of vitrinite reflectance(Ro)and interval transit time,along with stratigraphic profile comparison,we restored the total denudation thickness of the Cretaceous in the central Sichuan Basin at a depth range of1100-3300 m.The apatite fission track analysis(AFTA)was employed to identify the denudation periods,namely,the Late Yanshanian,Early Himalayan and the Late Himalayan orogenic epochs,and the ratio of their denudation intensity is about 3.8:1:3.9.The denudation thicknesses at different periods provide an important basis for tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.Affected by the diverse denudation intensities,the paleo-structures in the study area feature high in the south and low in the north at the Late Jurassic,high in the north and low in the south at the late Early Cretaceous,high in the southeast and low in the northwest at present in succession.EW-and NE-trending folds and faults are the products of inherited development,which have a controlling effect on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.展开更多
Large basins are currently the global focus for geothermal development,with their hydrothermal system being controlled by a variety of factors,such as basement relief and fracture development.Donglihu is located at th...Large basins are currently the global focus for geothermal development,with their hydrothermal system being controlled by a variety of factors,such as basement relief and fracture development.Donglihu is located at the north of the Cangxian uplift in the North China Basin,the concentrated geothermal resource development zone in North China.This study systematically collects temperature logging data and long-term dynamic monitoring of water level and water quality as well as group well tracer test data carried out in this area in recent years,on the basis of which the hydrothermal controlling role of the deep hidden faults is systematically analyzed.The results show that the Cangdong fault communicates with different geothermal reservoirs in the shallow part and plays a specific role in the water-heat channel of the local area.As a result,the high-value area of the geothermal temperature gradient in the sedimentary layer of the Donglihu area is distributed around the Cangdong fault.The geothermal reservoir temperature of the Minghuazhen Formation within the influence of the fault is also significantly higher than the regional average,the hydraulic head of different geothermal reservoirs showing a consistent and synergistic trend.However,the water quality has been stable for many years without any apparent changes.This understanding has a particular significance for further deepening understanding of the geothermal genesis mechanism in sedimentary basins and guiding future geothermal exploration and development in the Donglihu area.展开更多
This study employs the Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)rainfall-runoff model to simulate and predict runoff in typical basins of the Jiziwan Region of the Yellow River,aiming to overcome the shortcomings of traditional hy...This study employs the Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)rainfall-runoff model to simulate and predict runoff in typical basins of the Jiziwan Region of the Yellow River,aiming to overcome the shortcomings of traditional hydrological models in complex nonlinear environments.The Jiziwan Region of the Yellow River is affected by human activities such as urbanization,agricultural development,and water resource management,leading to increasingly complex hydrological processes.Traditional hydrological models struggle to effectively capture the relationship between rainfall and runoff.The LSTM rainfall-runoff model,using deep learning techniques,automatically extracts features from data,identifies complex patterns and long-term dependency in time series,and provides more accurate and reliable runoff predictions.The results demonstrate that the LSTM rainfall-runoff model adapts well to the complex hydrological characteristics of the Jiziwan Region,showing superior performance over traditional hydrological models,especially in addressing the changing trends under the influence of climate change and human activities.By analyzing the interannual and within-year variations of runoff under different climate change scenarios,the model can predict the evolution trends of runoff under future climate conditions,providing a scientific basis for water resource management and decision-making.The results indicate that under different climate change scenarios,the runoff in several typical basins of the Jiziwan Region exhibits different variation trends.Under SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5,some basins,such as the Wuding River Basin,Tuwei River Basin,and Gushanchuan Basin,show a decreasing trend in annual runoff.For example,in the Wuding River Basin,the average runoff from 2025 to 2040 is 12.48 m^(3)/s(SSP1-2.6),with an annual decrease of 0.10 m^(3)/s;in the Tuwei River Basin,the runoff from 2025 to 2040 is 12.96 m^(3)/s(SSP1-2.6),with an annual decrease of 0.10 m^(3)/s.In contrast,under SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5,with climate warming and changes in precipitation patterns,runoff in some basins shows an increasing trend,particularly during the snowmelt period and with increased summer precipitation,leading to a significant rise in runoff.展开更多
Compared to discrete continental marginal basins,the mechanisms of hydrocarbon migration and enrichment in transform continental marginal basins are poorly understood.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive analysi...Compared to discrete continental marginal basins,the mechanisms of hydrocarbon migration and enrichment in transform continental marginal basins are poorly understood.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the main source rocks,reservoirs,and vertical migration pathways within the Rovuma(RB)and Tanzania(TB)basins in East Africa utilizing drilling,logging,seismic,and geochemical data.The results indicate that the enhanced preservation conditions of the Lower Jurassic source rocks in the southwest could lead to the discovery of large natural gas fields in the southern TB and RB.The primary reservoir is a deep-water turbidite sandstone.Due to topographic differences,the expanse of the turbidite sandstones in the RB is significantly larger than those in Tanzania.The main vertical migration pathways are the western boundary fault zone of the Kerimbas Graben(WBFZ)and the Seagap fault zone(SFZ).In the RB,natural gas migrates vertically along the WBFZ and preferentially accumulates in the deep-water turbidite sandstones of the footwall under the control of the fluid potential.Conversely,in the southern TB,the deep natural gas first migrates upward along the SFZ,then moves along the shallow branch faults in the sandstones on both sides of the SFZ.展开更多
Lacustrine rift basins in China are characterized by pronounced structural segmentation,strong sedimentary heterogeneity,extensive fault-fracture development,and significant variability in thermal maturity and mobilit...Lacustrine rift basins in China are characterized by pronounced structural segmentation,strong sedimentary heterogeneity,extensive fault-fracture development,and significant variability in thermal maturity and mobility of shale oil.This study reviews the current status of exploration and development of shale oil in such basins and examines theoretical frameworks such as“binary enrichment”and source-reservoir configuration,with a focus on five key subjects:(1)sedimentation-diagenesis coupling mechanisms of fine-grained shale reservoir formation;(2)dynamic diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon occurrence mechanisms of organic-rich shale;(3)dominant controls and evaluation methods for shale oil enrichment;(4)fracturing mechanisms of organic-rich shale and simulation of artificial fracture networks;and(5)flow mechanisms and effective development strategies for shale oil.Integrated analysis suggests that two major scientific challenges must be addressed:the coupled evolution of fine-grained sedimentation,differential diagenesis,and hydrocarbon generation under tectonic influence and its control on shale oil occurrence and enrichment;and multi-scale,multiphase flow mechanisms and three-dimensional development strategies for lacustrine shale oil in complex fault blocks.In response to current exploration and development bottlenecks,future research will be conducted primarily to:(1)deeply understand organic-inorganic interactions and reservoir formation mechanisms in organic-rich shales,and clarify the influence of high-frequency sequence evolution and diagenetic fluids on reservoir space;(2)elucidate the dynamic processes of hydrocarbon generation,expulsion,and retention across different lithofacies,and quantify their relationship with thermal maturity,including the conditions for the formation of self-sealing systems;(3)develop a geologically adaptive,data-and intelligence-driven shale oil classification and grading evaluation system of shale oil;(4)reveal artificial fracture propagation pattern and optimize physical field coupled fracturing technologies for complex lithofacies assemblages;and(5)overcome challenges in multi-scale geological modeling and multiphase flow characterization,and establish advanced numerical simulation methodologies.展开更多
基金the framework of projects coded 97-20A and 9815 by the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (Ankara, Türkiye)
文摘In a re-examination of the Neogene stratigraphy of the Uşak,Güre,and Selendi basins of western Anatolia,western Turkey,the stratigraphic position of the previously definedİnay Group is revised,which was previously considered to be of the Middle Miocene age.Based on mammalian biochronology and stratigraphic relationships,two sequences are identified,separated by conformable/transitional contacts within the former group:the Middle Miocene Güre Group is composed of the FakılıFormation,characterized by alluvial fan deposits,and the lacustrine Derbent Formation.Radiometric dating of alkaline volcanics laterally associated with Güre Group sediments in the Uşak and Güre basins,and mammalian fossils re-evaluated into the MN5-6 biozones in the Selendi Basin,indicate early Middle Miocene.Considering the stratigraphic relationship with the overlying early Late Mioceneİnay Group as redefined,we estimate that the Güre Group was deposited in the Middle Miocene.Theİnay Group is characterized by a lateral-vertical transition from alluvial deposits of the Ahmetler Formation to the overlying lacustrine Ulubey Formation.An MN9-10 fauna,containing deinotheres,was found within the latter formation.
基金The Petrochina Basic Prospective Science and Technology Research Project-Overseas deepwater ultra-deepwater oil and gas exploration technology research topic,under contract No.2021DJ2403.
文摘The development of sedimentary layers in offshore salt-bearing basins in the central segment of west Africa is closely linked to elements such as faults,igneous rocks and crustal thickness.To investigate their spatial relationships,we analyzed gravity and magnetic data in the oceanic areas,and employed edge detection,correlation analysis,and inversion techniques to study the characteristics of these geological elements.Our findings revealed numerous faults and igneous rocks in the crust underlying these non-volcanic continental margins,and these faults and igneous rocks continued to indirectly influence basin sedimentation since the rift period.On the basis of the thickness of the crust and sedimentary layers,we classified the offshore basins into four types of secondary structural units.Combined with the characteristics of faults and igneous rocks,we concluded that the exhumed bulges within the Western Uplift Zone are favorable for oil and gas exploration.
文摘This study examines the molecular and isotopic composition of 193 gas samples collected from oil and gas fields across Colombia's onshore basins with active hydrocarbon production.Comparative analyses were conducted on both isotopic and molecular compositions across the Lower Magdalena Basin(LMB),Middle Magdalena Basin(MMB),Upper Magdalena Basin(UMB),Putumayo Cagu an Basin(PUTCAB),Catatumbo Basin(CATB),Eastern Llanos Basin(LLAB),and Eastern Cordillera Basin(ECB).The primary objectives were to classify the gases produced,characterize their origins,assess transformation processes such as biodegradation and migration,and analyze the statistical distribution patterns of their components.This geochemical characterization aims to support the discovery of new reserves for both natural gas(NG)and liquefied petroleum gas(LPG),given Colombia's potential risk of diminished energy selfsufficiency in gas resources.The basins under study produce dry gas,wet gas,and liquefied petroleum gas(LPG/C_(3+)),all associated with oil and gas fields of commercial hydrocarbon production.Notably,the LLAB contains the highest proportions of heavy isotopic carbon and C_(3+)(LPG)concentrations,whereas LMB is characterized by isotopically lighter methane,indicative of dry gas predominance.Results suggest a predominantly thermogenic origin for the gases studied,generated within the oil and gas windows,with several samples originating from secondary oil cracking,while some samples from LMB display a likely biogenic origin.Additionally,evidence of gas migration and biodegradation was observed in a significant subset of samples.The analysis of statistical distributions and compositional trends reveals a prevalent high methane content,with substantial C_(2)-C_(5)(C_(2+))gas concentrations across all basins studied.This composition underscores the potential for both natural gas(NG)and LPG production.The C_(3+)(LPG)content varies between 1%and 92%,with 35%of the samples containing less than 5%LPG.High original gas-in-place(OGIP)volumes and substantial LPG content in the Eastern Llanos foothills,encompassing fields such as Cusiana and Cupiagua,highlight the prospective potential of this region.Near-field exploration could further add reserves of both NG and LPG.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42061020)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(No.2018JJA150135)+2 种基金Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(No.AA18118038)Science and Technology Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(No.2019AC20088)High Level Talent Introduction Project of Beibu Gulf University(No.2019KYQD28)。
文摘Scientific understanding of the trade-offs between services is crucial for the scientific management and protection of ecosystems and the formulation of resource management policies.This study integrated meteorological,land use,and soil data to assess the ecosystem services,namely,water yield(WY),soil erosion(SE),and carbon sinks(CS),in peak-cluster depression basins on the Sino-Vietnamese border in China during 2000-2020.It analyzed the trade-offs and synergistic relationships among the three ecosystem services and their time-lag effects and driving mechanisms with the help of pixel-by-pixel time-lag intercorrelation and geographical de-tector methods.Results show that:1)from 2000 to 2020,the key ecosystem service indicators in the peak-cluster depression basins on the Sino-Vietnamese border in China demonstrated a significant and synergistic trend of positive change.The WY increased at a rate of 11.99 mm/yr,CS increased at a rate of 2.44 g C/(m^(2)∙yr),and SE decreased at a rate of 0.06 t/(ha∙yr).2)Most areas showed a synergistic relationship across the three ecosystem services,and the areas with a trade-off relationship were mostly concentrated in Baise City and the southwest of Chongzuo City,Guangxi.3)The time-lag effect between SE and WY was mostly concentrated in 0 yr,that between SE and CS was mostly concentrated in 5 yr,and that between CS and WY was mostly concentrated in 1 yr.4)Population density was the controlling factor between SE and WY.Vegetation coverage factor is the main controlling factor between SE and CS.The lithologic factor is the main controlling factor between CS and WY.Studying the trade-off relationship of ecosystem services at spatial and tem-poral scales on the Sino-Vietnamese border in China karst areas can provide a basis for regional ecological construction and develop-ment strategies,and it is conducive to meeting regional interest needs,maximizing comprehensive benefits,balancing the ecological en-vironment,and achieving regional sustainable development.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2017YFC0602202.
文摘The distribution of igneous rocks is closely related to hydrocarbon resources.This study utilized high-precision gravity,magnetic,and rock physical property data,employing gravity-magnetic field fusion technology and Euler deconvolution technology.The objective was to identify the distribution of igneous rocks in the China Seas and neighboring regions and investigate their relationships with petroliferous basins.Our results reveal that igneous rocks are widely scattered throughout the China Seas and neighboring regions,with the highest concentration in the northwest(NW)and the second highest concentration in the east-northeast(ENE).The largest-scale igneous rocks are those with a north-south(N-S)orientation,followed by those with northeast(NE),NW,and ENE orientations.The depths of igneous rocks within petroliferous basins typically range from 3 km to 9 km and are associated with hydrocarbon resource distributions characterized by deep oil and shallow gas.The proportions of igneous rocks in different types of basins exhibit varying correlations with the total hydrocarbon resources.In particular,the proportion of igneous rocks in rift-type basins in the China Seas exhibits a strong linear correlation with the total hydrocarbon resources.These research findings provide valuable guidance for studying the relationship between igneous rock distribution and petroliferous basins,offering insights that can inform future hydrocarbon exploration endeavors.
基金Supported by Open Project Fund of China Meteorological Administration Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory(2023BHR-Y26)Innovation Project Fund of Wuhan Metropolitan Area Meteorological Joint Science and Technology(WHCSQY202305)+1 种基金Innovation and Development Special Project of China Meteorological Administration(CXFZ2022J019)Project of Huanggang Meteorological Bureau's Scientific Research(2022Y02).
文摘It is an important standard to judge the flood disaster in the basin whether the rainfall at the flood-inducing interface is reached.In this paper,the Xin'anjiang model,Topmodel model and SCS model were selected to calculate and compare the rainfall at the flood-inducing interface in the Zhanghe Reservoir basin in Hubei Province.The results showed that average relative error and average absolute error of Xin'anjiang model were-3.36%and-21.46×10^(5)m^(3),which were the minimum,followed by Topmodel model with 5.72%and 26.22×10^(5)m^(3),SCS model with 11.33%and 58.13×10^(5)m^(3).The minimum absolute error of the three hydrological models in calculating the rainfall at the critical interface was 3.26 mm,while the maximum was 49.24 mm.When the initial water level exceeded 120 m,the difference among the three models in calculating the rainfall at the critical interface became more and more obvious.When the reservoir water level was lower than 120 m,it mainly referred to the calculation results of Xin'anjiang model.When the reservoir water level was higher than 120 m,it mainly referred to the calculation results of Topmodel model.The research conclusion can provide reference for small and medium-sized basins selecting hydrological model to calculate the rainfall at the flood-inducing interface.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42206234,42476228,42076220)the Key R&D Project of Shandong Province(No.2024SFGC0302)+2 种基金the Project of Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202203404)the Project of China Geology Survey(Nos.DD202503023,DD20230401)support from the Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions(ONCE)Program。
文摘Offshore carbon dioxide(CO_(2))geological storage is a promising strategy for reducing carbon emissions and supporting sustainable development in coastal regions within a carbon neutrality framework.However,only a few works have focused on offshore basins in China.To address this gap,this study established a dual indicator system that comprises necessary and critical indices and is integrated with the analytic hierarchy process.A coupled analysis was then performed to evaluate the suitability of 10 offshore sedimentary basins in China for CO_(2)geological storage.The necessary indicator system focuses on storage potential,geological conditions,and engineering feasibility.Meanwhile,the critical indicator system emphasizes the safety of storage projects and the viability of drilling operations.Evaluation results revealed that China's offshore basins have undergone two geological evolution stages,namely,the rifting and post-rifting phases,leading to the formation of a dual-layer structure characterized by faulted lower layers and sagged upper layers.These basins have thick and widespread Cenozoic strata,generally low seismic activity,and medium-to-low geothermal gradients.They form five reservoir-caprock systems with favorable geological conditions for CO_(2)storage.The Pearl River Mouth,East China Sea Shelf,and Bohai Basins emerged as primary candidates that offer substantial storage potential to support carbon neutrality goals in the Bohai Rim Economic Zone,Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone,and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.The Beibu Gulf and South Yellow Sea Basins were identified as secondary candidates,and the Qiongdongnan and Yinggehai Basins were considered potential alternatives.
文摘The Mediterranean Network of Experimental and Representative Basins(ERB)is an open association of hydrologists from twenty European countries carrying out their research in well-instrumented,small drainage basins.The ERB was recommended by the European Council and established in 1986.The main objectives of the network are:-to establish and maintain relationships among member countries and research teams by means of information exchange,mobility,and regular conferences;-to initiate and enable co-operation among members and other organizations;-to maintain databases of small-scale research and experimental basins.
文摘The Proterozoic cratonic basins of peninsular India preserve records of repeated opening and closing of rifts along the zone of Neoarchean sutures and/or along the weak zones.These sedimentary basins,ranging in age from late Palaeoproterozoic through Neoproterozoic are traditionally referred to as Purana basins in Indian literature.The successions of each of the basins may be represented by successive unconformity-bound sequences,which represent several cycles of fluvialshallow marine to shelf-slope-basin sedimentation punctuated by local hiatuses and/or volcanic upheavals.The advance retreat of ancient seaways and their complex are recorded in the sedimentary successions of Purana basins.
文摘Conventional borehole image log interpretation of linear fractures on volcanic rocks,represented as sinusoids on unwrapped cylinder projections,is relatively straight-forward,however,interpreting non-linear rock structures and complex facies geometries can be more challenging.To characterize diverse volcanic paleoenvironments related to the formation of the South American continent,this study presents a new methodology based on image logs,petrography,seismic data,and outcrop analogues.The presented methodology used pseudo-boreholes images generated from outcrop photographs with typical igneous rock features worldwide simulating 2D unwrapped cylinder projections of a 31 cm(12.25 in)diameter well.These synthetic images and standard outcrop photographs were used to define morphological patterns of igneous structures and facies for comparison with wireline borehole image logs from subsurface volcanic and subvolcanic units,providing a“visual scale”for geological evaluation of volcanic facies,significantly enhancing the identification efficiency and reliability of complex geological structures.Our analysis focused on various scales of columnar jointing and pillow lava lobes with additional examples including pahoehoe lava,ignimbrite,hyaloclastite,and various intrusive features in Campos,Santos,and Parnaíba basins in Brazil.This approach increases confidence in the interpretation of subvolcanic,subaerial,and subaqueous deposits.The image log interpretation combined with regional geological knowledge has enabled paleoenvironmental insights into the rift magmatism system related to the breakup of Gondwana with associated implications for hydrocarbon exploration.
基金The University of Malaya's postdoctoral fellowship program has been acknowledged by the first author and is associated with grant number IF064-2019the Department of Science and Technology (Project No. SB/S4/ES-681/2013), Government of India, for their supportthe Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2024R546) at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
文摘The Bikaner-Nagaur and Barmer Basins(Rajasthan)are the most important petroliferous sedimentary basins in India.For over a decade,the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons in these basins.Paleocene-Eocene age rocks bear organic-rich sediments in these basins,including lignite and carbonaceous shale deposits.The present research investigates the source rock properties,petroleum potential and thermal maturity of the carbonaceous shale partings from the lignite mines of Gurha(Bikaner-Nagaur Basin)and Kapurdi(Barmer Basin)using petrographical and geochemical tools.The carbonaceous shales have high organic matter(OM),with considerable total organic carbon(TOC)contents ranging from 13%to 39%.Furthermore,they contain hydrogen-rich kerogen,including types II and II/III,as evidenced by the Rock-Eval and elemental analysis results.The existence of these kerogen types indicates the abundance of reactive(vitrinite and liptinite)macerals.However,the carbonaceous shales from the Bikaner–Nagaur Basin have oil generation potentials,with a high hydrogen index(up to 516 mg HC/g TOC)and a H/C ratio(up to 1.5)along with a significant presence of oil-prone liptinitic macerals.Apart from the geochemical and petrological results,the studied shales have low huminite reflectance(0.31%–0.48%),maximum temperature(S_(2) peak;Tmax)between 419℃ and 429℃,and low production index values(PI:0.01–0.03).These results indicate that these carbonaceous shales contain immature OM,and thereby,they cannot yet release commercial amount of oil.This immaturity level in the studied outcrop section is due to the shallow burial depth.Geochemical proxies further indicate the presence of both oil and gas-prone source rocks.
基金supported by the Major National Science and Technology Programs of China(No.2016E-0202,No.QGYQZYPJ2022-1).
文摘In contrast to well-studied rift basins in NE China,the Hailar Basin has received relatively less attention regarding the combined patterns of different types of grabens and half-grabens.This study aims to explore whether the combined patterns of grabens in the Hailar Basin exhibit similar characteristics to those in other NE China rift basins and to identify the underlying causes.To achieve this,a comprehensive analysis of the major fault systems and the combined patterns of faulted sub-depressions,as well as their controlling mechanisms,was conducted.This analysis utilized the latest 3D seismic data that cover nearly the entire Beier Depression.Three groups of pre-existing fault systems were observed in the basement of the Beier Depression,and they are the NEE-EW-trending fault systems,the NE-trending fault systems,and the NW-trending fault systems.The NEE-EW-trending fault systems were distributed in the central part of the Beier Depression and primarily controlled the sedimentary filling of the Tongbomiao and the Lower Nantun Formations.The NE-trending fault systems were distributed in the southwestern part of the Beier Depression and primarily controlled the sedimentary filling of the Upper Nantun Formations.The NW-trending fault systems were distributed rarely in the Beier Depression.Five kinds of combined patterns of the sub-depressions were developed in the Beier Depression,and they are the parallel,en echelon,face-to-face,back-to-back,and S-shaped combined patterns.They were controlled by the NEE-EW-trending and the NE-trending fault systems with different orientations,arrangements,and activation sequences.
基金supported by the China National Petroleum Corporation Science and Technology Project(Study on genesis mechanism and distribution law of high quality reservoir of the fourth Member of Xujiahe Formation in middle and west Sichuan area,20230301-23)。
文摘The Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the slope zone of the Sichuan foreland basin is a new field of continental tight gas exploration in recent years.The fourth member of the Xujiahe Formation(Xu4 Member),the major interval in the Jianyang Block of the Tianfu gas field in the basin,is characterized by considerable buried depth,tight reservoirs,and strong heterogeneity.By using cast thin section,X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),fluid inclusion thermometry,and core analysis,the reservoir rock types,dominant diageneses,diagenetic history,and controls on high-graded reservoirs were investigated.It is found that the Xu4 Member in Jianyang mainly consists of lithic feldspar sandstones and feldspar lithic sandstones,followed by lithic quartz sandstones.High-energy hydrodynamic conditions in the microfacies of underwater distributary channels and mouth bars are beneficial to the preservation of primary pores and the occurrence of secondary pores,and there are no significant differences in petrophysical properties between these two microfacies.Compaction and calcareous cementation are the dominant controls on reservoir porosity decrease in the Xujiahe Formation;corrosion is the major contributor to porosity increase by generating secondary dissolved pores,e.g.intragranular dissolved pores and intergranular dissolved pores,as major reservoir space in the study area.Fracture zones around the faults inside the Xujiahe Formation(fourth‒order faults)are favorable for proximal tight gas accumulation,preservation,and production.The research findings have been successfully applied to explore the Xujiahe Formation in the slope zone of the Sichuan foreland basin.They can be referential for other similar tight sandstone gas accumulations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.T2225022,12350710786,62088101,and 12161141016)Shuguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation(Grant No.22SG21)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Dynamical systems often exhibit multiple attractors representing significantly different functioning conditions.A global map of attraction basins can offer valuable guidance for stabilizing or transitioning system states.Such a map can be constructed without prior system knowledge by identifying attractors across a sufficient number of points in the state space.However,determining the attractor for each initial state can be a laborious task.Here,we tackle the challenge of reconstructing attraction basins using as few initial points as possible.In each iteration of our approach,informative points are selected through random seeding and are driven along the current classification boundary,promoting the eventual selection of points that are both diverse and enlightening.The results across various experimental dynamical systems demonstrate that our approach requires fewer points than baseline methods while achieving comparable mapping accuracy.Additionally,the reconstructed map allows us to accurately estimate the minimum escape distance required to transition the system state to a target basin.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42272151)。
文摘Restoration of denudation thickness is of great significance to understanding tectonic evolution,hydrocarbon migration and accumulation history in petroliferous basins.How to accurately restore and distinguish denudation thicknesses in different periods,however,is difficult.With measurements of vitrinite reflectance(Ro)and interval transit time,along with stratigraphic profile comparison,we restored the total denudation thickness of the Cretaceous in the central Sichuan Basin at a depth range of1100-3300 m.The apatite fission track analysis(AFTA)was employed to identify the denudation periods,namely,the Late Yanshanian,Early Himalayan and the Late Himalayan orogenic epochs,and the ratio of their denudation intensity is about 3.8:1:3.9.The denudation thicknesses at different periods provide an important basis for tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.Affected by the diverse denudation intensities,the paleo-structures in the study area feature high in the south and low in the north at the Late Jurassic,high in the north and low in the south at the late Early Cretaceous,high in the southeast and low in the northwest at present in succession.EW-and NE-trending folds and faults are the products of inherited development,which have a controlling effect on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.
基金funded by Public Interest Monitoring Project(No.XCSD-2024-317)of the Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Planning and Natural Resources。
文摘Large basins are currently the global focus for geothermal development,with their hydrothermal system being controlled by a variety of factors,such as basement relief and fracture development.Donglihu is located at the north of the Cangxian uplift in the North China Basin,the concentrated geothermal resource development zone in North China.This study systematically collects temperature logging data and long-term dynamic monitoring of water level and water quality as well as group well tracer test data carried out in this area in recent years,on the basis of which the hydrothermal controlling role of the deep hidden faults is systematically analyzed.The results show that the Cangdong fault communicates with different geothermal reservoirs in the shallow part and plays a specific role in the water-heat channel of the local area.As a result,the high-value area of the geothermal temperature gradient in the sedimentary layer of the Donglihu area is distributed around the Cangdong fault.The geothermal reservoir temperature of the Minghuazhen Formation within the influence of the fault is also significantly higher than the regional average,the hydraulic head of different geothermal reservoirs showing a consistent and synergistic trend.However,the water quality has been stable for many years without any apparent changes.This understanding has a particular significance for further deepening understanding of the geothermal genesis mechanism in sedimentary basins and guiding future geothermal exploration and development in the Donglihu area.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3206504)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52121006,41961124006,51911540477)+1 种基金Young Top-Notch Talent Support Program of National High-level Talents Special Support PlanResearch Project of Ministry of Natural Resources(No.20210103)for providing financial support for this research。
文摘This study employs the Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)rainfall-runoff model to simulate and predict runoff in typical basins of the Jiziwan Region of the Yellow River,aiming to overcome the shortcomings of traditional hydrological models in complex nonlinear environments.The Jiziwan Region of the Yellow River is affected by human activities such as urbanization,agricultural development,and water resource management,leading to increasingly complex hydrological processes.Traditional hydrological models struggle to effectively capture the relationship between rainfall and runoff.The LSTM rainfall-runoff model,using deep learning techniques,automatically extracts features from data,identifies complex patterns and long-term dependency in time series,and provides more accurate and reliable runoff predictions.The results demonstrate that the LSTM rainfall-runoff model adapts well to the complex hydrological characteristics of the Jiziwan Region,showing superior performance over traditional hydrological models,especially in addressing the changing trends under the influence of climate change and human activities.By analyzing the interannual and within-year variations of runoff under different climate change scenarios,the model can predict the evolution trends of runoff under future climate conditions,providing a scientific basis for water resource management and decision-making.The results indicate that under different climate change scenarios,the runoff in several typical basins of the Jiziwan Region exhibits different variation trends.Under SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5,some basins,such as the Wuding River Basin,Tuwei River Basin,and Gushanchuan Basin,show a decreasing trend in annual runoff.For example,in the Wuding River Basin,the average runoff from 2025 to 2040 is 12.48 m^(3)/s(SSP1-2.6),with an annual decrease of 0.10 m^(3)/s;in the Tuwei River Basin,the runoff from 2025 to 2040 is 12.96 m^(3)/s(SSP1-2.6),with an annual decrease of 0.10 m^(3)/s.In contrast,under SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5,with climate warming and changes in precipitation patterns,runoff in some basins shows an increasing trend,particularly during the snowmelt period and with increased summer precipitation,leading to a significant rise in runoff.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42002150)the Open Foundation of Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas,Yangtze University(Ministry of Education&Hubei Province,Grant No.UOG2024-12)+1 种基金the Open Foundation Project of the Key Laboratory of Polar Geology and Marine Mineral Resources(China University of Geosciences,Beijing,China),Ministry of Education(Grant No.PGMR-2023-201)the National Key Research Program of China(Grant No.2017ZX05032-002)。
文摘Compared to discrete continental marginal basins,the mechanisms of hydrocarbon migration and enrichment in transform continental marginal basins are poorly understood.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the main source rocks,reservoirs,and vertical migration pathways within the Rovuma(RB)and Tanzania(TB)basins in East Africa utilizing drilling,logging,seismic,and geochemical data.The results indicate that the enhanced preservation conditions of the Lower Jurassic source rocks in the southwest could lead to the discovery of large natural gas fields in the southern TB and RB.The primary reservoir is a deep-water turbidite sandstone.Due to topographic differences,the expanse of the turbidite sandstones in the RB is significantly larger than those in Tanzania.The main vertical migration pathways are the western boundary fault zone of the Kerimbas Graben(WBFZ)and the Seagap fault zone(SFZ).In the RB,natural gas migrates vertically along the WBFZ and preferentially accumulates in the deep-water turbidite sandstones of the footwall under the control of the fluid potential.Conversely,in the southern TB,the deep natural gas first migrates upward along the SFZ,then moves along the shallow branch faults in the sandstones on both sides of the SFZ.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24B6002)National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD14001)Project of the Sinopec Science and Technology Department(P25196,P24207).
文摘Lacustrine rift basins in China are characterized by pronounced structural segmentation,strong sedimentary heterogeneity,extensive fault-fracture development,and significant variability in thermal maturity and mobility of shale oil.This study reviews the current status of exploration and development of shale oil in such basins and examines theoretical frameworks such as“binary enrichment”and source-reservoir configuration,with a focus on five key subjects:(1)sedimentation-diagenesis coupling mechanisms of fine-grained shale reservoir formation;(2)dynamic diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon occurrence mechanisms of organic-rich shale;(3)dominant controls and evaluation methods for shale oil enrichment;(4)fracturing mechanisms of organic-rich shale and simulation of artificial fracture networks;and(5)flow mechanisms and effective development strategies for shale oil.Integrated analysis suggests that two major scientific challenges must be addressed:the coupled evolution of fine-grained sedimentation,differential diagenesis,and hydrocarbon generation under tectonic influence and its control on shale oil occurrence and enrichment;and multi-scale,multiphase flow mechanisms and three-dimensional development strategies for lacustrine shale oil in complex fault blocks.In response to current exploration and development bottlenecks,future research will be conducted primarily to:(1)deeply understand organic-inorganic interactions and reservoir formation mechanisms in organic-rich shales,and clarify the influence of high-frequency sequence evolution and diagenetic fluids on reservoir space;(2)elucidate the dynamic processes of hydrocarbon generation,expulsion,and retention across different lithofacies,and quantify their relationship with thermal maturity,including the conditions for the formation of self-sealing systems;(3)develop a geologically adaptive,data-and intelligence-driven shale oil classification and grading evaluation system of shale oil;(4)reveal artificial fracture propagation pattern and optimize physical field coupled fracturing technologies for complex lithofacies assemblages;and(5)overcome challenges in multi-scale geological modeling and multiphase flow characterization,and establish advanced numerical simulation methodologies.
